Antimicrobials

Prototype Bactericidal Bacteriostatic

Route of Pregnancy Use in Use in Older Renal Liver Contra-

Drug Class Action Use Indication Drug Interactions Side Effects
Admin Catagory Children Adults Impairment Impairment indication

Sk; Soft Tissue; GI;

Inhibits cell Generally Gram Any drug that Rash, nausea,
Penicillin G Penicillin; Beta- GU; Resp; Generally G: IM ONLY; Allergy to
wall B Y Y Caution positive and decreases renal vomiting,
and V lactam Gram positive and V: PO ONLY drug
synthesis negative clearance diarrhea
negative

Sk; Soft Tissue; GI;

Inhibits cell AMP: PO, Generally Gram Any drug that Rash, nausea,
Amino-penicillins; GU; Resp; Generally Caution with Allergy to
Ampicillin wall IM, IV; B Y Y Caution positive and decreases renal vomiting,
Beta-lactam Gram positive and clavulanate drug
synthesis AMOX: PO negative clearance diarrhea
negative

Sk; Soft Tissue; GI;

Amino-penicillins; Inhibits cell Generally Gram Any drug that Rash, nausea,
Ampicillin- GU; Resp; Generally Caution with Allergy to
Beta-lactam; Beta- wall IV; IM B Y > 1 yr old Y Caution positive and decreases renal vomiting,
sulbactam Gram positive and clavulanate drug
lactamase inhibitors synthesis negative clearance diarrhea
negative

Beta-lactam; Inhibits cell Use with beta- Any drug that Rash, nausea,
N for Allergy to
Dicloxacillin Penicillinase resistant wall lactamase bacteria; PO B Y Caution Anti Staph decreases renal vomiting,
newborns drug
Beta-lactam synthesis Anti Staph clearance diarrhea
Nafcillin,
Methicillin,
Ticarcillin-
clavulanate,
piperacillin

Generally gram
Surgical positive and Allergy to Any drug that
Inhibits cell Rash, nausea,
Cephalosporin; Beta- prophylaxis; Sk; negative; higher drug; cross decreases renal
Cefazolin wall Parenteral B Y Y Caution vomiting,
lactam Soft Tissue; GI; GU; generation has reaction to clearance; amino-
synthesis diarrhea
Resp greater gram penicillins glycosides
neg activity
Antimicrobials

Route of Pregnancy Use in Use in Older Renal Liver Contra-

Drug Class Action Use Indication Drug Interactions Side Effects
Admin Catagory Children Adults Impairment Impairment indication

Generally Gram
Surgical positive and Allergy to Any drug that
Inhibits cell Rash, nausea,
Cephalosporin; Beta- prophylaxis; Sk; negative; higher drug; cross decreases renal
Cephalexin wall PO B Y Y Caution vomiting,
lactam Soft Tissue; GI; GU; generation has reaction to clearance; amino-
synthesis diarrhea
Resp greater gram penicillins glycosides
neg activity

Cephradine,
cefaclor,
ceftriaxone,
cefepime,
cefotetan
Sk; Soft Tissue; GI;
Parenteral
GU; Resp; used for
(IM or IV - Used for illness Allergy to
Inhibits cell infections (Gram May cause heart Rash, nausea,
Imipenem- Carbapenem; Beta- monitor IV May cause that is drug; cross
wall pos cocci; Gram neg C > 3 mo Y Caution block when given vomiting,
cilastatin lactam infusion impairment considered reaction to
synthesis cocci and bacilli IM with lidocaine diarrhea
rate to critical penicillins
resistant to other
avoid N&V
drugs

Gram negatives
Rash, nausea,
in patients with
Gram negatives in Caution; may vomiting,
severe PCN Not useful
patients with cause elevated diarrhea,
Inhibits cell allergies; GU; with Amino-glycosides;
Monobactam; Beta- severe PCN Parenteral Y with LFTs; no thrombo-
Aztreonam wall B > 1 mo Caution resp; skin and anaerobic furosemide,
lactam allergies; GU; resp; (IV & IM) caution dosage phlebitis;
synthesis skin structures; infections; alcohol
skin and skin adjustment observe for
use in LACTATION
structures required yeast
combination
infections
with other ABXs
Antimicrobials

Route of Pregnancy Use in Use in Older Renal Liver Contra-

Drug Class Action Use Indication Drug Interactions Side Effects
Admin Catagory Children Adults Impairment Impairment indication

Vancomycin,
ethacrynic acid,
furosemide
Nephrotoxic
increase
Parenteral (polyuria,
ototoxicity;
(IV, IM, dilute urine,
Aerobic gram Avoid in Amphotericin B,
Inhibits intrathecal; proteinuria,
negatives in bone, Risk is high Use for gram patients with NSAIDS increase
protein if used with - No adjustment increased
Gentamicin Aminoglycoside blood, inflamed D With caution Y with renal negative myastyhenia nephrotoxicity;
synthesis in cillins, give is needed BUN/Cr;
joints, and pleural dysfunction infections gravis; hyper- Synergistic with
cells gentamicin ototoxic;
and ascitic fluid sensitivity penicillin like
one hour levels needed
drugs; may
later to follow
prolong paralysis
levels
with
neruomuscular
blockers
Amikacin,
tobramycin,
neomycin

PO; IV over Adequate Antacids,

Gram negative
60 minutes fluid intake sucralfate,
Inhibits bacteria; Levofloxin No dosage resp; GU; GI; Lactation; N & V; QT
in Do not use necessary; Requires steroids, warfarin
synthesis of and moxifloxacin adjustment; bones, joints, concurrent prolongation;
Ciprofloxin Fluroquinolone designated C less than 18 monitor for dosage 2hrs after or 6 hrs
bacterial affective against use with skin, soft use of tendon
line; years old confusion adjustment before; herbs;
DNA gram positives; caution tissues; tizanidine rupture
ophthalmaci and other avoid sunlight;
anthrax exposure
ointment CNS changes use sunscreen

Ofloxacin

rash, urticaria,
Mycoplasma, serum sick-
Mycoplasma,
chlamydia, and Antacids, calcium, ness, flat-
chlamydia, and PO, topical; Renal failure
Binds to rickettsia; acne; milk, laxatives, ulence, NVD,
rickettsia; acne; IM and IV and hyper-
ribosomes Use with great gram negative magnesium, super-
Tetracycline Tetracycline gram negative and only if D > 8 years old Y Do not use sensitivity;
and protein caution and positive; kaolin; digoxin, infections
positive; also acts cannot pregnancy;
synthesis syphillis, warfarin; (psueudomem
against amebae in tolerate PO lactation
cholera, penicillins; OCPs banous colitis;
the intestinal tract
anthrax; acne discoloration
of teeth;
Antimicrobials

Route of Pregnancy Use in Use in Older Renal Liver Contra-

Drug Class Action Use Indication Drug Interactions Side Effects
Admin Catagory Children Adults Impairment Impairment indication
Doxycycline;
minocycline;
vibramycin
(can give with
milk)

Antimetab- Alkalinizing agents

olite of increase levels in NVD, jaunic,
PABA, the urine; hepatitis,
Hyper-
competes UTIs; methenamine pancreatitis,
sensitivity to
with folic UTIs; chloroquine- chloroquine- increases risk of Stevens-
sulfonamides,
acid; halt resistant malaria, Do not use Assess renal Avoid sulfon- Avoid as drug resistant nephrotoxicity; Johnson
C; D last salicylates or
Sulfaisoxazole Sulfonamide multipli- acute otitis media, PO less than 2 function in amides in is metabolized malaria, acute non-steroidals; syndrome,
trimester related
cation of H. influenzae months older adults renal faliure in the liver otitis media, H. sulfonylureas; hemolytic
compounds. G-
new meningitis influenzae herbs increase anemia in G-6-
6-PD
bacteria; meningitis affect of sulfa; PD deficiency,
deficiency
does not kill possible aplastic
mature decreased OCP anemia
bacteria effectiveness
Silver
Sulfonamide Same Burns topical B Y Y Use if needed Use if needed Burns Same Minimal Same
sulfadiazine
Alkalinizing agents
increase levels in NVD, jaunic,
the urine; hepatitis,
Hyper-
methenamine pancreatitis,
sensitivity to
increases risk of Stevens-
Ulcerative sulfonamides,
Ulcerative colitis; Do not use Avoid sulfon- Avoid as drug nephrotoxicity; Johnson
colitis; salicylates or
Sulfasalazine Sulfonamide Same rheumatoid PO B less than 2 Y amides in is metabolized non-steroidals; syndrome,
rheumatoid related
arthritis months renal faliure in the liver sulfonylureas; hemolytic
arthritis compounds. G-
herbs increase anemia in G-6-
6-PD
affect of sulfa; PD deficiency,
deficiency
possible aplastic
decreased OCP anemia
effectiveness
Antimicrobials

Route of Pregnancy Use in Use in Older Renal Liver Contra-

Drug Class Action Use Indication Drug Interactions Side Effects
Admin Catagory Children Adults Impairment Impairment indication

Alkalinizing agents
Antimetab- increase levels in
olite of the urine; NVD, jaunic,
PABA, methenamine hepatitis,
Hyper-
competes increases risk of pancreatitis,
Pneumocystis sensitivity to
with folic Pneumocystis nephrotoxicity; Stevens-
Trimethoprim- jiroveci pneumonia; sulfonamides,
acid; halt PO; IV over Do not use Avoid sulfon- Avoid as drug jiroveci non-steroidals; Johnson
sulfamethoxaz UTIs (Gram pos salicylates or
Sulfonamide multipli- 60-90 C less than 2 Y amides in is metabolized pneumonia; sulfonylureas; syndrome,
ole (TMP/SFX) cocci; Gram neg related
cation of minutes months renal faliure in the liver UTIs; oitis herbs increase hemolytic
(see below) bacilli); oitis media; compounds. G-
new media affect of sulfa; anemia in G-6-
travelers diarrhea 6-PD
bacteria; possible PD deficiency,
deficiency
does not kill decreased OCP aplastic
mature effectiveness; IV anemia
bacteria must be given
with D5W

Fragile X
Sore throat,
syndrome,
NV, fever,
Do not use creatinine
Trimethoprim Folate Synergistic with bruising, rash,
Miscelaneous See above PO; IV C less than 2 Y See above clearance < 15
(TMP) antagonist sulfa-methoxazole thrombo-
months mL/min,
cytopenia;
folate
leukopenia
deficiency

This drug is not an GI distress-

Urinary tract antimicrobial. Used 6 years or take with
Phenazopyridine Azo dye PO B Y Pain of cystitis
analgesic to treat pain of older food; observe
cystitis. for yellow skin
Antimicrobials

Route of Pregnancy Use in Use in Older Renal Liver Contra-

Drug Class Action Use Indication Drug Interactions Side Effects
Admin Catagory Children Adults Impairment Impairment indication

Protein
synthesis,
Fever,
aerobic
malaise,
energy
depression,
metab-
headache,
olism, DNA 12 years or Uncomplicated Renal
Nitrofurantoin Imidazolidinedione Gram neg UTIs PO B Y Do not use letharth,
synthesis, older UTIs insufficiency
vertigo;
RNA
nausea,
synthesis,
vomiting,
and cell wall
diarrhea
synthesis are
inhibited.

NVD,
cramping,
Hyper-
anorexia,
sensitivity to Grapefruit juice
hepato-
Gram pos and Gram macrolides; and St. John's
toxicity,
neg; PCN hepatic wort;
pseudo-
Binds to substitute, dysfunction or carbamazepine,
Great caution membranous
ribosomes prevention of failure; breast cyclosproine,
PO primarily as drug is colitis,
and inhibits rheumatic fever, feeding; do digoxin,
(IV form for metabolized in reversible
protein gonorrhea, syphilis, Mostly gram not use with disopyramide,
Erythromycin Macrolide certain B Y Y Caution the liver with hearing loss,
synthesis* pertussis, diptheria, positives drugs lovastatin,
circumstanc metabolites confusion,
(*bacteriost Legionnaire's dependent on nevirapine,
es excreted in ventricular
atic at some disease, STIs caused CYP3A4 iso- quinidine,
bile dys-
doses) by Chlamydia , enzymes for rifampin,
rhythmias,
intestinal metabolism; theophylline,
rash, skin
amebiasis, URIs Hx of triazolam and
redness,
prolonged QT warfarin
broncho-
interval
spasm, or
anaphylaxis
Azithromycin
Antimicrobials

Route of Pregnancy Use in Use in Older Renal Liver Contra-

Drug Class Action Use Indication Drug Interactions Side Effects
Admin Catagory Children Adults Impairment Impairment indication

See above
Useful in lower resp interactions. Use
tract infections, care when
Binds to Same plus
otitis media, pelvic administering
ribosomes atypical Myco-
inflammatory dz, as with other drugs
Azithromycin Macrolide and inhibits Same Same Same Same Same Same bacterium Same Same
well as conditions to prevent cardiac
protein avium complex
listed above; may events from QT
synthesis (MAC)
be used in MAC in prolongations;
pts with HIV with warfarin,
prolonged PT

Use care when

Binds to Same plus
administering
ribosomes atypical Myco-
with other drugs
Clarithromycin Macrolide and inhibits Same Same Same Same Same Same Same bacterium Same Same
to prevent cardiac
protein avium complex
events from QT
synthesis (MAC)
prolongations

Myasthenia
gravis; do not
Community
Binds to use with
acquired NVD, pseudo-
ribosomes cisapride Many anti-seizure
Macrolide resistent Reduce pneumonia membranous
Telithromycin Ketolide and inhibits PO C Not yet Y Reduce dosage (Propulsid) or meds, rifamin,
S. pneumonia dosage (CAP) resistant colitis,
protein pimozide ciprofloxacin
to earlier anaphalyxix
synthesis (used in
macrolides
Tourette's
disorder)
Antimicrobials

Route of Pregnancy Use in Use in Older Renal Liver Contra-

Drug Class Action Use Indication Drug Interactions Side Effects
Admin Catagory Children Adults Impairment Impairment indication

Possible use in
RARELY USED
Dangerous PCN and TCN
Inhibits Broad specturm for Fatal blood
use in allergic patients Infants < 30
Chloramphenic microbial gram pos and neg, Use with Use with great dyscrasias
IV C newborns Y or when those days old;
ol protein rikettsiae, great caution caution (aplastic
(Gray baby drugs are breast feeding
syntheisis chlamadiae and anemia)
syndrome) contra-
treponemes
indicated

Used in
combination
Inhibits
with amino- Many: pseudo-
microbial Topical, PO, Use with Allergy to
Clindamycin Lincosamide Gram positives B Y Y Not affected glycoside to menbranous
protein IV caution drug
offer both gram colits
syntheisis
pos and gram
neg coverage
Effective only for
Inhibits gram positive
synthesis of infectons due to S. Complicated Constipation,
Do not use
bacterial aureus, S. skin and skin Synergy with nausea,
Daptomycin Lipopeptide IV B N Y Use caution with "statin"
proteins, phogenes, structure gentamicin diarrhea, and
drugs
DNA, and Enterococcus infections vomiting
RNA faecalis, and Group
B strep

Bone marrow
Aerobic gram pos
Do not use suppression;
Inhibits bacteria, Staph,
with HTN when
protein strep, Use with Aerobic gram Avoid foods high
Linezolid Oxazolidinone PO; IV C Y Y SSRI,SNRI, used with
synthesis in enterococcus, caution pos bacteria in tyramine
tricyclics and adrenergics;
cells pneumonia (CAP
MAOIs pseuso-
and nosocomial)
membranous
colitis
Antimicrobials

Route of Pregnancy Use in Use in Older Renal Liver Contra-

Drug Class Action Use Indication Drug Interactions Side Effects
Admin Catagory Children Adults Impairment Impairment indication

Seizures,
Anaerobic gram
Anaerobic gram Alcohol causes paresthesias,
Inhibits neg rods, gram pos
neg rods, gram severe nausea and ataxia,
nucleic acid cocci, and protozoa
Safety and Reduce dosage pos cocci, and vomiting; confusion,
synthesis by that cause Monitor for
effacicy in by 50% in protozoa that Do not use phenytoin, dizziness,
Metronidazole Nitroimidazole disrupting amebiasis, IV; PO B Y symptoms of
children only hepatic cause with alcohol warfarin, headaches,
DNA of giardiasis, and toxicity
in amebiasis impairment amebiasis, phenobarbital, NVD, metalic
microbial trichomoniasis;
giardiasis, and lithium; IV taste;
cells pseudomembranou
trichomoniasis nitroglycerine darkness of
s colitis
urine
Tinidazole
PO; IV over
Inhibits cell
AT LEAST Many interactions Flushing, rash,
wall MSRA,
ONE HOUR; Useful for Hyper- with other drugs; hypotension;
synthesis Pseudomembranou Reduce
Vancomycin Glycopeptide infuse B Y Y MRSA and C. sensitivity; possible lactic RED MAN
(transpeptid s colitis (C. diff) , dosage
separately diff corn allergy acidosis with SYNDROME;
ase & PCN allergy
from other metformin oto-toxicity
autolysin)
drugs

Alcohol; Hepato-
Competetive toxicity and
Acute liver metabolism with peripheral
Inhibits cell PO 1 hour Caution with Use with
Treatment of latent Used in latent disease or INH carbamazepine, neuropathy
Isoniazid (INH) wall before C Y Y severe renal caution;
and active TB and active TB induced liver fluconazol, reversible
synthesis meals failure monitor LFTs
damage haloperidol, with V B6; N,
phenytoin and V,
vincristine constipation
Antimicrobials

Route of Pregnancy Use in Use in Older Renal Liver Contra-

Drug Class Action Use Indication Drug Interactions Side Effects
Admin Catagory Children Adults Impairment Impairment indication

GI upset, rash,
Treatment of TB;
Hx of liver hepatotox-
also used for gram Synergistic with
disease, icity, acute
Inhibits positive and gram Use with INH; may
Used in latent alcoholism or renal failure;
Rifampin Rifamycin synthesis of negative infections; PO; IV C Y Y caution; decrease
and active TB who are being produces red-
RNA also effective for monitor LFTs effectiveness of
treated for orange
leprosy and N. OCPs; warfarin
HIV discoloration
meningitidis
of body fluids

Use with Liver failure; Enhances

Pyrazinamide Mechanism Initial phase of tx in Initial phase of
PO C Y Y caution; hx of hepatotoxic Gout
(PZA) unknown active TB tx in active TB
monitor LFTs alcoholism effects of rifampin

Optic neuritis-
Inhibits Reduced Liver failure;
Initial phase of tx in Initial phase of decreases red-
Ethambutol synthesis of PO C Y Y dosage Caution hx of
active TB tx in active TB green
RNA required alcoholism
discrimination

Head ache,
For use with
NVD; when
immuno-
Inhibits viral Reduced Heart failure, given IV may
Herpesviruses compromised
Acyclovir Antiviral DNA PO, IV B Y Y dosage renal disease, cause
(HSV, VZV, CMV) and immuno-
synthesis required lactation elevated LFTs
competent
and ARF: give
patients
slowly
Valacyclovir Antiviral Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same
Antimicrobials

Route of Pregnancy Use in Use in Older Renal Liver Contra-

Drug Class Action Use Indication Drug Interactions Side Effects
Admin Catagory Children Adults Impairment Impairment indication
Inhibits viral
Teratogenic;
RNA and Headache,
Respiratory Pregnant
DNA Respiratory fatigue,
syncycial women
synthesis syncycial virus(RSV) nausea,
Ribavirin Antiviral Inhaled X Y Y virus(RSV) in should not
which in infants and small anorexia,
infants and care for
inhibits children bronchospas
small children children using
protein m
ribavirin
synthesis
Dose
Blocks Dizzyness,
adjustment
Amantadine uncoating Do not use < Hyper- depression,
Adamantanes Influenza A PO C Y needed Influenza A
HCL and cell 1 year of age sensitivity anxiety, poor
according to
penetration concentration
Cr Cl
Dose
Prevents Probenecid,
adjustment
Oseltamivir Neuraminidase virus from Allergy to thrombocyto- NVD; may
Influenza A PO C Y Y needed Influenza A
phosphate inhibitor leaving the drug penia; breast take with food
according to
cell feeding
Cr Cl

Active hepatitis
Inhibits DNA Active hepatitis B B and active
> 2yo;
production and active Dose inflammation of
observe for
in HBV; inflammation of the adjustment the liver; In HIV
C pancreatitis Allergy to Pancreatitis in
Lamivudine Nucleoside analog inhibits liver; In HIV when PO Y needed when
(ribavirin X) and other drug children;
reverse antiretroviral tx according to antiretroviral tx
abcominal
transcriptase with multi drugs Cr Cl with multi
symptoms
in HIV are required drugs are
required
Antimicrobials

Route of Pregnancy Use in Use in Older Renal Liver Contra-

Drug Class Action Use Indication Drug Interactions Side Effects
Admin Catagory Children Adults Impairment Impairment indication
Binds to
reverse
transcriptase Allergy to Dizziness,
Non-nucleoside and blocks HIV infection drug; suicidal Fluconazole, headache,
HIV infection
Efavirenz reverse transcriptase RNA and PO D Y Y Do not use combinatin ideation, alcohol, rifampin, insomnia,
combinatin therapy
inhibitor DNA- therapy pregnancy, saquinavir nervouness,
dependent breastfeeding depression
polymerase
activities

Hypertnesion,
Congenital or hypotension,
acquired chest pain,
Prevents
> 16 years prolonged QT Ketoconazol, backpain,
cleavageor
(others in interval, AV ritonavir, depression,
viral PO; Take Use with HIV infection
Saquinavir HIV infection class can be block hepatic rifampin, suicidal
Protease inhibitor polyproteins with high B care in older combinatin
mesylate combinatin therapy used in impairment, phentyoin, ideation rash
to prevent fat meal adults therapy
younger refractory phenobarbital, eczema bone
maturation
children hypokalemia, dexamethasone marrow
of DNA
hypo- depression
magnesemia elevation of
LFTs

HIV infection
HIV infection
combinatin
combinatin therapy Do not use in NVD,
Decreases therapy in Proton pump
in "treatment treatment abdominal
Integrase strand viral load by 2 years or Caution "treatment inhibitors,
Raltegravir experienced" PO C Y naïve or pain,
transfer inhibitor blocking HIV- older needed experienced" rifampin,
patients with breastfeeding rhabdomyolys
1 integrase patients with efavirenz
resistance to other women is
resistance to
HIV drugs
other HIV drugs
Antimicrobials

Route of Pregnancy Use in Use in Older Renal Liver Contra-

Drug Class Action Use Indication Drug Interactions Side Effects
Admin Catagory Children Adults Impairment Impairment indication
Prevents
Fever, rash,
interaction
URI with
of HIV-1 and Drugs
cough,
CCR 5 Do not use if metabolized in
HIV infection vasuclar
preventing HIV infection > 16 years CrCl < 30 Use with the liver, rifampin,
Maraviroc CCR 5 Antagonist PO C Y combinatin hypertension,
attachement combinatin therapy old ml/min or caurion phenytoin,
therapy CNS
and with ESRD phenobarbital,
depression,
entrance of efavirenz
anxiety, and
virus into
depression
the cell

Multiple
organ failure,
IV, oral
Changes cell Severe, cardiac arrest,
suspension, Y; requires
permiability; progressive, Azole antifungals, respiratory
topical; Y; Monitor monitoring Other Severe,
Fungicidal or potentially fatal antibiotics, arrest, NV, GI
premedicat magnesium for renal polyenes are progressive, Breastfeed-
fungistatic systemic fungal Use with aminoglycosides,c bleeding,
Amphotericin B Polyene e with B because of toxicity, available for potentially fatal ing, drug
depending infections; caution ardiac glycosides, renal failure,
acetaminop Mg++ hypokalemia use in renal systemic fungal allergy
upon tissue cutaneous steroids, skeletal azotemia,
hen and wasting and drug failure infections
concentra- candidiasis, oral muscle relaxants lukopenia;
diphenhydr reactions
tion candidiasis thrombophleb
amine
itis;
hypokalemia

Liver toxicity,
NVD,
systemic or topical constipation;
yeast infections; PO (take allergy; gynecomastia,
interferes rifampin, herbs,
yeast, tinea pedis, with acidic Monitor for meningitis; low sperm
Ketaconazole Azoles with cell wall > 2 years old with caution antacids, PPIs, H2
corporis, cruris; foods); LFT changes onchomycosis counts,
synthesis antagonists
coccidioidomycosis; topical ; alcoholism decreased
histoplasmosis libido,
menstrual
irregularities
Antimicrobials

Route of Pregnancy Use in Use in Older Renal Liver Contra-

Drug Class Action Use Indication Drug Interactions Side Effects
Admin Catagory Children Adults Impairment Impairment indication
Safety not Cyclosporine,
Inhibits the Fever,
Invasive established No Reduce dose Invasive Hyper- antiseizure
synthesis of headache,
Caspofungin Echinocandin aspergillosis, IV D in children Y adjustment with hepatic aspergillosis, sensitivity to medications, HIV
the fungal nausea, skin
candidiasis than 3 mo of needed compromise candidiasis drug antivirals,
cell wall rash, diarrhea
age rifampin
Dizziness,
fatigue,
Binds to
headache,
keratin
Should not use Dermatophy- Estrogen, confusion,
making cells Dermatophytosis Pregnancy
Griseofulvin Benzofuran PO C > 2 years Y with hepatic tosis (skin, nails, bartiturates, erythema,
resistant to (skin, nails, hair) and lactation
impairment hair) rifampin urticaria,
fungal
photosensitivi
infections
ty, NV,
proteinuria

NVD, GI
Serious
Replaces bleeding,
infections
cytosine in Serious infections bone marrow
caused by
DNA caused by Candida, depression,
Reduce Monitor for Candida, Pregnancy
Flucytosine Pryimidine analog consturction Cryptococcus; use PO C Y Y hepato-
dosage toxicity Cryptococcus; and lactation
; fungal cell as an adjunct with toxicity, rash,
use as an
division is amphotericin B photosensi-
adjunct with
interrupted tivity, itching,
amphotericin B
urticaria
Antimicrobials

Route of Pregnancy Use in Use in Older Renal Liver Contra-

Drug Class Action Use Indication Drug Interactions Side Effects
Admin Catagory Children Adults Impairment Impairment indication

Inhibits
conversion
of toxic Give four hours
Few with low
heme to Young beore or after
malaria; dose; in high
Hydroxy- nontoxic Y based children with food; magnesium
Antimalarial rheumatoid PO Y With caution doses, GI sx
chloroquine heme - this upon weight G6PD and aluminum
arthritis; SLE and visual
form kills deficiency absorption; lemon
symptoms
Plasmodium juice
(protozoan)
in RBCs
Primaquine,
quinine
Blocks Used to treat NVD,
Used to treat
glucose worms headaches,
worms (pinworms, Do not use in Metronidazole,
uptake and (pinworms, seizures,
Mabendazole Antihelmintic roundworms, PO C > 2 years Y Caution first trimester anti-malalarials,
uses up roundworms, transient
whipworms, of pregnancy antiseizure meds
stored whipworms, abdominal
hookworms)
glycogen hookworms) pain