Republic of the Philippines

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

College of Law

COURSE SYLLABUS OU TLINE IN LA BOR L AW 2

LABOR RELAn ONS (JDLL 321)
Wrepared by Atty. Carlos S. Cao J r., Professo r)
w ith Bar Examination Questions And Suggested Ans wers , 1994-2006)

BOO K FIVE· L ABOR RELATIONS

Title I- POLICY AND DE FINITION

Ch apt er I- POLICY
Art. 218, Declaration of Policy- Ove rview
1. Primacy of "free collective bargaining and negotia tions " (including voluntary arb itra tion , med iation , and
concili ation in settling disputes).
2. Free trade unionism and united labor movement to promote social jus tice .
3. Enlightenme nt of workers concerning their rights and obliqabons.
4 . Adequate adm inistrative machinery in settling laborl indu strial dispute .
5 Stable . dy namic, and j ust industria! pace ,
6 , Wo rkers' participation in decision and policy mak ing,
7 . Political dem ocracy in collective bargaining.

C h a p! er II- DEF INITIONS

Art . 219, Definitions
1 Em ployer-Emplo yee Relationship
i.] Brotherhood LlIborUnity Mo vement of the Phil vs. Zamora , G.R. No. 48645 (Jan. 7, 198 7).
2 "Employer" vis-a-vis "Employees"
i-J Faat! University vs. Bautista , GR. No , L· 21 278 (Dec. 27, 1966).
ii.) Associated Labor Union vs. Botromeo. 26 SCRA 88 ( 1968).
iii.) PA L vs. PAL EA 19 SCR A 4 83 ( 198 7).
3 Labor Org anization as Emp loyer
i.) Allied Free Workers Union vs. Cia. Maritime, 19 SCRA 258,2 71.
4 l abor Dispute
i.) San Miguel Corp. Employees Union-PTGWO, ef et. vs. n on. J G. Bersamira, as Presiding Judge
ot RTC Branch 166 and San Migue l c oporsion GR No. 8 7100 (J une 13, 1990).
5 Remedies in Labo r Disputes

Titl e n· NATIONAL LABOR RELAT IONS COMMISSiON

Ch a pt er I- CRE ATI ON AND CO MPOSITION

Art. 22 0 . National Labor Relations Commission
Art. 221 Headquarters, Branches and Prov incial Extension Units
1. NLRC: Natu re and Org anization
1 1. Administrative S upervision by the DOL E Sec retary
1.2. A Collegial Body with administrative or rule-makin g functions.
1.3. The NLRC Rules of Procedure
Art. 222, Appointm ent and Qualifications
Art. 223, Salaries, Benefits , and Other Emoluments

Ch a pter II- POWERS AND DUTIES

( (Part I. J URISDICTION)
Art. 224 Jurisdictio n of Labor Arbiters and the Commission
1 Compulsory Arbit ration By latx( Arbiters
i.) PAL vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 55159 (Dec. 22,1989) .
2, NLRC Appe llate Procee dings Not Part of Arbitration
3 Labor Arbi ter's Jurisdi ction , in General
i.} Hawaiian-Philippine Company VS, Gulmal/co, et ai" G.R. No. 106231 (Nov. 16, 1994).
ii.) San Miguel Corp Empl oye es Union· P TGWO vs Han Bersamira (Ibid.)
iii.} Almir es vs Infinite Loop Tech Corp.GR No , 162401 "(J an. 2 1, 2006)

4 Venue; Wo rker's Option; W aiver

i.) Dayag, elal, VS, csraeres. NLRC. G R No, 124 193 (March 6,1998) ,
ii.) PNB vs. Cabansa9. G.R. No. 1570 10 (June 21, 200 5).
iji) Phil/ranco sevce Emerons€s, Inc, \-'5, NLR C sn o Meva, GR No. 124100 (April 1,1998).
5. Jur isdiction Over Ul P Cases; Gross Violation of C6 A.
i.) National Union of Sank Err:pIoY'J es vs. .fUdge Alfredo uuer o. G.R. No. 5643 1 (Jan, 19, 199 6),
ii ) _. Manila Man darin Employees U'licon \I.'; NLRC G R No 76989 ( Sep 29, 198 7).
6. ounsotct'on Over Termination Disputes
i.) ;Jiill Miguel Corp, vs NLRC . GR. No 108001 (M&rch 15.1996).
 i. ) Austria \1$. NLRC &. Cebu Cty Central PhI. UniOn MISSion Corp . «r: Da y Adventists, G.R. No.
124382 (Aug. 16.1999).
6.1 Jurisd iction Over Intra-Corporate Dispute s Tra ns fe rred from SE C 10 RTC (RA 8799 passed on July
19.2000).
i-J Dy, et el \/'S. NLRC, G,R. No. 68544 (Oct. 27,1 985).
j -J Fottunft Cement Corp. vs . MRC. G.R. 79762 (Jan.2 4, 199 11-
iii-J Ma inland Construction Co. \1$. Mo ville. GR. No. 118088 (Nov. 23,1995).
iv.) Tabang II'S. NLRC, G.R. No . 12 1143 (Jan. 2 1, 1997).
'I.) NacpiI vs. Intemationa l Btoadcasting Corp., G.R No. 144767 ( March 21 ,2002).
vi.) f'nJde nb'a/ Ban k and Trost Co. 11$. Reyes. GR No. 141093 (Feb. 20,2001) .
7. Juris diction Over Money Claims
7.1. Only Money Claims Not Ari Sing from eBA
i.) san Jose II$. NLRC end Doea n Termine l5erWces, Inc. GR . No. 121227 ( Aug. 17, 1998).
7.2 . Mone y Claims Must Have Arisen from Employment
i.) San M;oU$f Corp, 11$, NLRC, G.R. No . 80744 (May 31 , 1988).
ii-J Pepsi-Cola Bottfing Co. 'Is. Maltinez, GR. No. L-5B877 (March 15,1982).
7.3. Money Claims of Coop Employees
i.) Perpe tual Help Crodit Coopera/ives, Inc. vs. Faburada. G.R. No. 12 1948 (OCt. 8, 2001),
8, Jurisdictiol'l Over Claims for Damages
i.) Suario vs. Bank of the Phil. Islands , G R. 50459 (Aug. 25,1989).
ii-J Prim ero 11$. In term ed iate Appel/ate Cou lt. G.R. No 72644 (Dec. 14, 1987).
iii-J Um 'Is. NLRC, G.R. No. 79907 (March Hi, 1989). /
iv-J Swe et Lin es 'Is . NLRC, G.R. No. 79975 (Marr;ll 16, 1989). /
v.) . Banez \/'S. Han. Valdevilla. G.R. No. 128024 (May 9.2000).
9. Jurisdiction Over Strikes and l ockouts
10. Jurisdiction Over OFW's Mon ey Claims or Dismissal
i-J PNB vs. Cabansaf1. GR. No. 157010 ( June 21, 2(05) .
ii-J ROY31 Crown International vs. NLRC, G.R. No, 78085 (OCt. 16, 1 98~).
10.1 . Preterm ination Under R.A. No. 8042
i) Marsaman Manning Agency, Inc. vs. NLR C, G,R No. 127195 (Aug. 25. 1999).
10.1(a) Section 10 Unconstitutiona l
i) Serrano VS, Galla nt Man"time &Jrvices. at aI., GR. No. 167614 (March 24, 2009).
ii.) SkiPpers United PacifIC VS. Do za, G.R. No. 175558 (Feb.8, 2012).
iii.) Semeer Overseas Placement Agency vs Bajaro, et al., G.R. No. 170029 (Nov, 21, 2012)
11. Jurisd ictio n Over Wag e Distortion
12. Jur isdiction O ..er Disputes Re-Comprcrmse Settleme nts

(Part 2. POWERS)
All 225. Powers of the Commission
1. R U~e-M 3king PO'NE!'
2. Power to Issue Compulsory Proce sses
3. Pow er to Inyestigate a nd Hear Disputes Within
4. Contempt Power
S. Power to Conduct OCular Inspection
6. AdJu(hcatory Power: Original
1. AdJUdicatory Power: Appellate
i.) Pandoc vs. NLRC, GR. No. 116347 (Oct 3.1996).
8. Power to Issue Injunction or Te mporary RestrainIng Order
i.) L'rbanes 11$. CA. ,SSS, GR. No. 117964 (March 2a,200 1).
if.) The Hongkong &. Shanghai Banking Cotp. Employee~ Union vs.. NLRC, G.R. No . 113 54 1 (Nov,
22,2001).
8.1. Injunction by labor Arbiter as "ancillary power removed in 2002 a nd 2005 NLRC Rules,
8,2 .lnjuflCbon from NlRC Not the Proper Re f1'lf'dy Aga inst Employee 's Dismissal
i.) PAL 11$. NLRC, G.R. No , 120567 (March 20, 1998).

Art 226 OCular Inspection

An 220. Compulsory Atbrtrators (rende red obsolete a fld repea led by Sec. 16 of BP Bldg. 130. approved on Aug
21,1981 ).

(Part 3. PROC EDURE)

Art 227 . T ecnecerRules Not Bind ing a nd Prior ReiOrt to Amicable Settlement
1 Proceedings Before l abor Arbiter nr the CommIssion
1. 1. Subs ta ntial Evidence as "Oua'lfum of Proof
I, Uicho, ela/. ,,,~ NLRC, G.R. No , 121434 (June 2. 1997J.
il.) Gefmaltlnduslnes (Pnil.) , Inc. vs. Leogaroo. GR. No , 70544 (Nov. 5. 1987).
1.2. Cardinal Rights in Quasi-Judicial Proceed ing s
i.) Ang Tibay'ls. GIR, 69 Phil.335 (Fe b. 27, 1940)
ii,) Columbia Dev . Corp . ~. Mmi$cerof LaIXV, GR. No. 5769 (Dec. 29, 1986).
iii.) Rural Bank of San Migue l (Bohol) . Inc vs NLR C. GR No 821 44 (March 8. 1989).
1 3. Ve rifica tion
i.) Pfizer, Inc . VS. Galan G.R. No. 143389 (May 25, 2001 ).

2
 Ii.) Food Terminal, Inc. vs. NLRC, GR No. 1433 52 (April 27, 200 1).
1.4. Prohibited Ple adings and Motion s
2. Man d atory Conciliation and Mediation Conference
2.1. Compromise Encou raged and the Binding Effe ct of Compromise Agree ment
i.) General Rubber and FoolWearCO/P. vs.Dn"lon, G.R. No, 76988 (January 31, 1989)
2.2. Quitclaim and W aivers
i.) Olacao, et al. vs. NLRC, Elt aI., G. R. No. 81390 (Aug. 29, 1989).

3. Motion to Dismiss
3. 1. "MotuProprio" Dis missa l of Complaint Based on Prescription
i.j Pepsi Cole Bottling Co. vs. Guanzon. at aI, G.R. No. 81162 (Apri/ 19.1989) ,
3.2. "Res Judicata' as Reas on to Dismiss Co mplaint
i.) Delfin, at al., vs. Inciong. G.R. No. 50661 (Dec. 10.1990).
3.3. No Dismis sa l of Complain t Despite Death
i.) Camara Shoos vs. Kapisanan ng mga Manggagawll sa Camara Shoes. GR. No. 63208-09 (May
5,1989).
4. Submission of Pos ition Pape rs and Reply
4 ,1. netermoatcn of Nece ssity of Hearing or Clarification contererce
i.) Coca-Cola Bottlers Phil. Inc. vs NLRC, GR. No, 78787 (Dec. 18. 1989).
4,2. Ro le of the labor Arbiter in Hea ring and ClariflCatory Co nfere nce
4.3 . Ncn-epppe erence of Part ies; Postpone ment of Hearing and Cl arificalory Con ferences
5. Submission of the Case for Dec ision
,
,
5.1. Position Papers as Bas is of Dec ision
;.) Gandara Mill Supply vs. NLRC. G.R. No 126703 (Dec. 29.1998).
5,2. Lack of Veri fication , Not Fata l
i.) Murillo vs. Sun Valley Realty, Inc., GR . No . 67272 (June 30,1988).
ii.) Preci!;ion El&ctronics Corp, vs. NLRC, GR No. 866 5 7 (Oct. 23,1989).
5.3. Due Process: O ppo,1u nity to be Hear d
i.) Rura/8ank of San Miguel (Bohol), Inc. vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 821 44 (March 8, 1989).
ii.) Marque z vs Secretary of Labor. GR. MJ. B0685 (Man;;h 16,1989).
iii.) Llora Motors, lnc. vs. Franklin Dn'/on, GR No. 82BSS (Nov. 7, 1989).
iv.) Almoire vs. Pacific Arcritects & Engineers, Inc. GR. No. 73680 (July 10,1986) .
v.) Singson vs. NLRC and PAL, G.R. No. 122389 (June 19,1997) ,
6. Su spension o f Proceedings
i.) Rubbe rworfd (Phil.), Inc. NLRG, GR No, 126773 (Apri/1 4,1999).
7. Filing and Se rvice of Plead ings and Dec ision s
7. 1. Serv ice of Notices and Resoluticns
7.2 , Proof and Completeness of Service
i.) Adamson Ozanam Educationa /lnstitution. Inc. vs. Adamson Unversity Faculty. G, R. No,86819
(Nov. 9, 1,989).
ii.) Pabon, et a/. , VS, NLF.C and Senior Marketing Corp., G.R No. 120457 (Sap. 2 4, 1998) .
iii) UERM Employees Union-FFW vs. Ministry of Labor, G.R. No. 7!iB3B (Aug . 3 1, 1989).
8. Resolut ion of Doubt in Law or Evide nce
i.) Prangan vs. NLRC, GRNo. 126529 (April 15. 1998).
ii.) NicariO vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 125340 (Sep 17, 199'3).
9. Decision of Labo r Ar biter
10, No M otions for Reconsidera tion and Petitions for Relief from Judg ment
Art, 228 . Appeara nces and Fee s
i.} Kanl aon Construction Ent. Co., Inc. vs. NLRC, G.R. No, 12 662 5 (Sep. 18,1997).
ii.} Bank of P./. Employees Union vs. NLRC, G.R. No, 697 46-47 (Marc/l31,1989) .
iii.} Cebu Institu!e<Jf Technology (CIT) vs. Ople.160 SCRA 503 (ApriI1S, 19S8),
i v.} Palacol vs. Ferrer-Calleja. 182 SCRA 710 ( 1990),
v.} Man"'o, at scvs. Gamilla. et ei; GR. No, 149 763 (July 20, 1982).

Chapter III- A PPEAL

A rt, 229 . Appea l
1. Grounds o f Appea l
2. No Motion for Reconsideration of Labo r -Arbiter's Decision
3 Pe riod to A ppeal fr om Labor Arbite r
31 . Ten Calendar Days
i.) _ Vir.Jen Shipping & Marine Services. Inc. vs. NLRC. eta/., G.R. No. [9011 -12 (July 20,1982),
ii.) Murillo vs Sun Valiey Realty, Inc" GR.No. 67272 lJune 30, 1988).
3,2, Under the 2005 NLRC Ru les of Procedure
3.3. Dale of Receipt by Ma il
i.) NIA Cons ult vs. NLRC. GR. No, 1082 78 (Jan. 2, 19~7)
3 .4 Fai lure to Give Copy o f Appea l 10 Adve rse Pa rty W ithin Ten Day s
i.) MOdem Fishing Gear Labor Union vs. Noriel. GR. No, 53907 (May 6, 1988).
3.5. No Extension of Period
3 .6 . Pe riods Generally Mandatory
i.) Lasam Trading, Inc, vs. Leogardo, Jr.. G.R. No, 73?-45 (Sep. 20, 1986).
iij Narag VS, NLRC, GR No. 69628 (Oct 28,1989)
4 Wh e re to File A ppeal

3
5. Requisites for Perfection of Ap~ C!a l
6. Frivolous Appeal
i.) Garcia vs. NLR C. ata/" G,R. No, 110494 (Nov. 18,1996)
7. Payment of Appeal Fees
i.) Acda vs. Minister of Labor, 136 s eRA 699 .
ii.) C W. Tan Mfg. vs. NLRC. G.R. No, 79596 (Feb. 10.1989).
8 . Appeal Bonel; Filing on Time; Exce ptions
i.J Cafubayvs. NLRC. GR. No. 119289 (Apri 12.2000).
ii.) Rosewood Processing. Inc. vs. NLRC. GR. No. 11547tMJ4 (May 21, 1998).
iii.) samee, Overseas Ptscemenl Age ncy, Inc. vs. Levantino, G.R. No . 153942 (Jun e 29 .20(5).
iv.) Boris Estate, at al. vs. Spouses R. Ballad and R. Ballad, GR. M~. 152550 (June 8.20(5).
v.) Stsr Angel Hand icraft vs. NLRC, GR. No. 108914 (Sep. 20,199 4) .
vi,) Computer Innovations Center, et a1, vs. NLRC, GR. No, 152410 (June 29, 2005) ,
vii.) Fernandez vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 105892 (J an. 28, 1998) .
viii.} UER M- Memorial Med ical Center VS . NL RC, GR. N" . f 10419 (March 3, 1997).
ix.} Pan Am Employees Assn. vs. NLRC, GR. No . 74273 (Oct. 12, 1986) .
9. Records and Transmittal
10. Effect of Appe al or Arbitets Decision
10.1. Execution Of Reinstatement Pending Appea l
10,2. Effect of Pel1ectJon of Appeal on Ex'!CUbOn
11. FrtvolOus or Dilatory Appeals of other Agencies
12. Appeals from Decision s of other Agencies I
13. Proceedings Before the CommissiOn
13 .1. 'ssueson ~l
i.) Roche Ph ilippine s vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 83335 (OCt. 5,1989).
13.2. Tech nical Rules Not Binding
i.) Clarion Print ing House, Inc. vs. NLRC , G.R. No 148372 (June 27,2005) ,
ii.) Precision Elec tronics Corp. vs. NLRe , G.R. No. 8665 7 (OCt. 23, 1989) .
ii i.) P TST Corp. vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 80600 (March 21,1990).
13 .3. CooeiliationJ Mediation
13 4. Consu ltation
13 5 Dissenbng Opinion
13,6. Inh ibition
14 Form of Deci sion, Resolution and Orde r
14 1 Reasoned Reversal
i.) Coca-Cola Sot/lers Phd., Inc, vs Hmgp,r, er fll., GR No 127238 (Aug, 25, 1998).
14 2. E),tended Meaning of "Appear under An iele 223,tILRC May Issue Writ of Certiorari
i.) Triad Security & Allied Services vs Ortega , et aI" G.R. No. 160871 (Feb. 6, 20 06) .
15, Certified Case s (from the Secretary of Labor or the President of the Philippines).
16 , Fina lity of Decision of the Commission and Entry (Of Judgmer.t: Mot:ons Icr Reco nsideration
i.) Jardin vs. NLRC and Goodma n Taxi, GR No. 119268 (Ff'b. 23,2000) .
if ) Fa vila vs. NLRC, G ,R. No 126768 (Jun e 16,1999).
iii.) Sadol vs. PiJipinas Kao, tnc, G.R. No. 8753 0 (June 13,1990).
17. ,A.ppeal from ee NatlOna!!.abQr Relations CommISSIOn
17 1. Review by "Certiorari "by the Court of Appeals ; the St. Martin case
i.) St. MartJn Funeral Hom6s vs. NLR C and B. Aricayas, G.R . No. 130866 (5ep. 16,19 98).
17 2. VVhen and Where to File PetrtiOn
i.) Unive rsal RotHna Ccxp. V.$. CA, G.P. No. 144978 (J an. 15.2002) .
ii.) LTS PM. Corp. vs. MaJima t, GR. No. 159024 (Jan . 14,2005).
iii.) OSM Shipping Phil " Inc. vs. NLRC, GR No . 138193 (March 3, 2(03) .
17.3. Effect on Nl-RC's Decision
(A ppeal shall not stay execution unles s a TRO is issued by the Court of Ap peals or the Supreme
Court) .
17 4 Appea l to Labor Secreta ry Abolished
17 5. Exhau stion of Administrative Remedies ; Motior for Reconssoerauon Required
i) NLU vs Secre tary o(Labor , GR. No 41459 (D~. 18. 1987).
ii.) Universily 01 Im maculate Conception vs secretary 01 Labor, G.R. No 143557 (June 25. 2004).
iii.) Manda Pearl C-orp, vs Manda Pearl Independent WOrlrers Union, G.R. NO. 14296 0 (April1 S,
20(5) .
18 C ertificate of Non-F orum Shopping
i.} Canute Jr. and De la Corte vs.NLPC and Coigafil Palmolwe Philippines ~ .• GR. N o 110914
(June 28,2001).
ii.} Santos vs.Court o ( Appeals and PepsI Cola Prcducts, GR No. 1419 47 (july 5, 2001)
19. D isposition by the Court of App.ilaiS
19 1. Rema nd
i.) Industria l Timbe r Gotp , vs NLRC. G RNa. 83616 (January 20,1989).
192, Dismissal of Appeal
iJ Ebngay vs. Marl inel , GR No, 77188 (March 14, 1988).
193 Findings of Facts Generally Final
i} M,wrigal Company , Inc VS, Za mora GR. No. 4 923 7 & Madrigal & Company vs Mlnisler of
Labor, G.R. No. 49023 (JlJTl(J 30, 1987)
ii.) Manda Maooann Employees Union vs NLRC, G.R ,,"0. 76989 (5ep . 2 1, 1987).

4
 iii.) Murillo, et al. vs. Sun Valley, et a/., G.R No. 67272 (June 3 0, 1988) ,
19.4. Exceptions
i.)/ nsular Lif9 Assurance co, Ltd , VS. c. A., G,R, No , 126850 (April 28. 2004 ).
ii.) Nica rio vs. NLR C, GR. No. 125340 (Se p. 17, 1998) .
iii.) Jose vs . NLR C, G.R. No. 725 88 (OCt 15. 198 6).
20. From CA to SC; Only Q uestion of Law, Ru le 45
i.) People of the Phil. vs. Han. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 156394 (Jan. 2 1, 2005).
ii.) Metro Tran sit Organization, Inc. vs. Court 01 Appeals. G.R. No. 142 133 (Nov. 19, 2002 ).

Art , 2 30 . Exec ution of Decisions, Orders, or Awa rds

t . Article 224 is Execu tion, Not Appeal, Proced ure
2. Exec ution upon Fina lity of Decision Of Order
3. General Rule: Regional Trial Court Cann ot Issue Injunction Aga inst NLRC (when no third..pa tty clai mant is
involved)
i-J Oe/ta ventufBS Rttsources vs. Han. FernandO Csbato. GR No . 118126 ( March 9, 2000).
Ii.) Yupangco Catron Mills, Inc. vs. ccet 01Appe als. GR No. 126322 (January 16. 200 2).
Att 231 Contem pt Powers ot me Secretary o f Labor

Title III· B UREAU OF LABOR RELATIO NS

Art. 23l . Bureau of Labor Relations

1. BLR Ju risdiction and Functions
2. Inter-Union and Intra-U nion Disputes: 0 ,0. No. 40-<13 ,."
2 .1. D,0. No.40 -o3
2.2. Effect of Pendency of interl intra-un ion and related labOr relations disp utes
2.3. Appea l
3. Extent of BLR Authority
i.) Litex Employees Assoc iation VS, Eduvala. 79 SeRA 88 (1977).
ii.) Kapisanan ng Manggagawang Pinagyakap (KMP) vs r rsje no, 134 SCRA 236 (19B5).

4 Ka ta rungang Pambarangay, Not App licable to I..atlor Disputes

i.} Montoya vs. Escayo, GR . Nos . 82211-12 (March 21,1 989).
Art. 23 3, Compromise Agr eements
Art. 228 . Indorsement of cases to labor Arbit ers (Repealed by Balas Pa mbansa Big , 230 )
Art. 234 tesc ance of Subpoenas
Art . 235. Appointment of Bureau Personnel
Art. 2 36 Reg istry of Un ions 2 nd File of Colledive Agreements
Art. 2 ;a7. Proh ibitio n on ce-urcatco ElectIOn r Con traet Bar" Rule)
Art. 2 38 Pn..ileged Commu niCation

Title IV· LABOR ORG ANIZATION

Ctl ap t er I· REGISTRATION AND CANCELLATION

Art , 2 39 Requirements of Registration Art -234- A 040 ) Chal1.eri'lg and Creation of a Loca l Chapter
AIt. :.!4 1 . Action on Applica tion
Art. 242. Den ial of Reg istration
Art . 2 4 3, Add itional Requirements fo r Federations or National Unions
1. Distinction between ' Collective Barga ining" and "Dealing with Employer"
2 . Registration Requirem ents
3. Collective Barga ining Unit (C BUl
4 . Con stitution, By-laws; and Regula tions
5. Provi sions Common 10 the Registration of Labor Organizations and Workers ' A ssoc iation
6. Affiliation
i.) Ada mson & Adamson, Inc. VS. C IR. , 127 SeRA 268 ( 19 84).
7. Orsernuauon
i.} Volkschel Labor Union vs. BLR, GR No L·45824 (June 19.1985).
ii.J Phil . Skyfanders vs. NU?C, G.R No 127374 (Jan 21, 2(04)
7.1 l oca l UniOn IS the Pnnclpal, Federa tion the Agent
i.) _ Eliset;Eliroi Labor Union (NAFLU) ~ , Mx~. GR. No. L-41 955 (D6C. 29, 19 77).
7.2. VVhen to Disafhlial e
i.) Tand uay DIstillery vs NLRC. 149 SCRA 4 70 ( 1987).
ii.} AssociatfK1 WOt1Iers Un.on- PTG~ vs. NLRC, G.R. Nos. 87256-59 (July 30,1990).
iii) Alliance 01 Na tiona list &Genuine Labor Organization (ANGLo-KMU) vs. Samahan ng mga
Manggag aweng Naglfalfaisa.sa M'a" Bay Spinning Mi/ls a t J P. Coats . G R. No 118562 (July 5.
19 96) .
7 .3 Disaffi!iahon Must be by Majonty Dacisiotl
i) Villar vs. Inciong, G.R. No. L·50283-B4 (April 20. 1983).
7.4 Disaffiliation: Effect on legal Status
i) Villa r vs. Incion g. (Ibid) .
7.5. Dise ffihation Effect on Union Dues
i) Ph i/. Fade ration of Petrole um Worlf~ vs C/, ;? :;7 SC RA 711

5
 if.) VOik schel Labor Union vs. BLR, GR No. L·4S824 (June 19, 1985).
7.6 . Disaffi liation : Effec t on Existing CBA; the "SUbstitutionary" Doct rine
i.) Assoc iated Worker.;; UniO/,- PTGWO vs. NLRC (Ibid).
6. Revocation of Charter
8.1 . Effect 01CallCellallOn of Registration or seoerauon or National Union on Loca ls! Chapters
9 . Merger or COl"solidation
10. Chan ge at Name
10.1. Effect of Ctlange of Name

Art, 24 4. Cance llat ion of Registrat ion: Appea l Art. 238-A (245) ::ffect of Petition for c anceaatcn
(Repealed by E.O . III, Dec. 2 4, 1986 ). of Registrat ion .
AA. 246 Grounds for Cancel lation of Union Registra tion Art. 239-A (247) Voluntary C ancel lation of Regi strativn .
Art 248, Equity of the Incumbent
C h.p t.r If - RIGHTS AND CONDITIONS OF MEMBERSH IP
Art 250. Rights and Conditions of Membership in a labor Organization
Nature of Relafionship Between Un ion and Its Membe rs
i.J Heir.;; ofTeodoro M. Cruz vs. C./.R., 30 SeRA 917.
1. Duty of Court to Pro tea l aborers from Unjus t Exploitation by Oppres sive I: mployers and Union l eaders
i.) Heirs of Teodoro M. Cruz vs. C./.R. (Ibid)
n.) Joh nson & Joh nson Lebar Union · FFW VS , Director of Labor Relations. G.R . No. 764 27 (Feb. 21,
1989).
2. Check-otfs and Assessments
3.1.Asses smen ts, like Dues , May also be Checked Off ,,
i.) V.ngco vs , Treja no, GR. N o , 7.4 53 (May 5, 1989).
ii.) Radio Communications of the Phil. Inc. vs. Secretary of Labor, GR. No. 77959 (Jan. 9, 198 9).
iii.) Ga/tadores vs. Traj ano, GR. No. 7006 7 (Sap . 15, 1986).
iv.) Pele ool VS , Pura FemTJr-Calleja, G.R. No. 85333 (Feb.26, 1990),
3 2. Three Requ isites to Collect Specia l Assessme nt
I.) ABS-CBN Supervisors Employees Union Members vs. AB 5-CBN Corp, GR. No 10651 8 (March
1 f . 199 9).
3.3. crece-oe of Agency Fee
3.4_ltIegal Check-Off Ground for cancellatIOn
3,5, Employer's Liabili ty in Check-Df: Arrangement
i.) HOly Cross 0' Daveo CoII9ge vs. Joaquin. G,R. No, ff007 (Oct. 18, 1996).
3,6, Jurisdiction Over Check-Off Disputes
i) PNCC vs. Ferrer- Callejs . 167 SeRA 294 (No v 11. 1988).

C h~ l#er III - RIGHT S OF LE GITIM ATE LAB OR ORGAN tZATJONS

Art 250 Rights of Legitimate La bor Org anizations
Art 242-A (2 5 1) R epol tor.al ReqJNeme nts

TIUa V· COVER AG E
Art . 252. Coverage and Employees' R ight to Self·O rganizationO
1. Right 10 Organize Canno t be Bargained Away
i.) SouthBm PhillppinBs Federation of Labo r (SPFL) vs. Calla/a. G.R No. BOB82 (April 24. 1989).
2 . Employees 01 Non prof~ Instrtution
i.) FEU-O r. N1canor R. ye s Medicel Foundaton. Inc. vs. TraJBfJO, GR. No. 76273 (j uly 31, 1987) .
3. Exception : Employee-Members of a Cooperative
i.J san Jose Electric service CooperatIVe . Inc. vs Ministry of Labor, GR. No . 77231 (May 31 . 1985)
4 . Exception to Exce ption: Assoc iation, Not Union
i.) Nueva EClja c op; Inc, (NEECO) Employees Assn. vs. NLRC, G.R No. 11606 (J8n.24,2ooo).
5. Exception ' Intern ational O rgan izations
i.J International CathOlic Migralicn Commission vs. lIon. Pura calleja, G.R. No , 85750and
KapiSananng mga Manggagawa at TAC Sa IRRI-oLALIA 'is. secretary of labor, G R. No. 893 3 1
(Sep. 28, 1990).
6. Ex cep tion Re ligious Objectors: • Iglesia ni Kr,sto" Mem::M!rs
i.) Vic1oria no V$ . E';zalde ~ Wooers- UnioP.. GR. No , L·25246 (Sep . 12,19 74).
ii.' Kapatiran sa Meat an d Canning DIVision (Tupas Loca ' Chapter No , 1027) vs Han. Pura Fe rre r-
CalJe/ a, GR. No. L·829 ~ 4 (June 29, 1988) ,
iii.) Associated Trade Unans (ATV) vs. Nodel, 88 seRA 96
Art . 253 Rig ht o f Employees in the Public servee
i.) Ariza/a. er at vs Court 01Appeals, GR No . L· 4363 J.3 4 (Sep. 14. 1990).
ii.) SSS vs Comrrussion on Audit. GR. No. 149240 (July 11, 2(00).
iii,) UnNersity of Life Foondationvs BLR, G R No 85050 (Apd 12,1989)
ivl TUCP vs. NHA, G.R. No 49677 (Ma y 4, 1989).
Art . 254 Inelig,billty of Managerial Employees to Join any Labor orqanu enon : RIghi of suceveory Emp loyees
1. Categorie s of Employees
U Zamboanga Wood Products . Inc vs NLRC, G,R. No , 82088 (Oct. 15. 1989).
2 Ineligibility o f Man agers
i.) UnIted Pepsi. Cola Supervis ory union \'S. Lagu esma an,: Pepsi-Cola Products, Phil., Inc., GR
No. 122226 (March 25 1998)

•
 H.) Bulletin PUblishing Co., Inc. vs. Hon , Aug usto Sa:, chez, 144 SCRA 428 (1986).
3, Evolution of Su pervisors' Right to Organize
3. 1 First Period : Under the Indu stria l Pea ce Act
i.) Filar/ Refinery Corp. vs. Fi/oj( Supe rvisory & Confide ntial Employees Assn. and C.I.R., 46 SeRA
522 (19 72),
ii) Caltex Filipino Managers and Supervisors Assn. vs. C I.R., 4 7 SCRA 112.
3.2 Second Pe riod : Under the Labo r COde Before Amendment by R.A. No. 6715
i.) Bulletin Publishing Co., Inc. vs. Sanctly, 144 SeRA 428 (1986).

3.3 Third Period : U nder the La bor Cod e Before Amend ment by RA6715
I) Pa gka ka isa ng mg<1 M:Jnggagawa sa Triumph lntJ vs Pura Ferre r- CalleJa GR No. 85915 (Jan.
17, 1990) .
4 . T est of Supervisory Status
4.1. rhe Power to Recommend
Art. 245-A (255) Effect of Inclusion a s Members of Employee s Out sid e the Barga ining Unit
i.) National Merch andising Corp. vs. CI.R. ,G R. No L-18710 (March 30. 1963).
4.2. Examples of Ineff ective or Clerical Recomme ndation
i.) Laguna Colleges vs. C.I.R., 25 SCRA 173
5. segregation of Ra nk-and-File a nd Supervisors
i) Toyota Motor Phil. Cotp. vs. Toyota Motor Ph il. Labor Union and lh£> Secre tary of Labor and
Employment, G.R. No. 12 1064 (Feb , 19,1997).
ii.) Dunlop Sfa zenge r (Phil)lnc . vs. Han . Secretary of Labor and Em pJoyment &. Du nlop Siaze nger
Sta fr ASSOCiatkm -A PSOTE U, GR. No, 131248(C6c. 11, 1998).
iii) San MIguel Cotp. ( Mand aue Packaging Product.! Plant) va. Mandaue Packing Product.! Pla nt
Monthlies Rank-and-File Union, G.R. No, 152356 (Aug. 16, 200 5).
iv) Negros Oriental ElectricCooperative I (NORECO I) vs. Secre tary of the Department of Labo r and
Emp loymenL G.R. No . 14361 5 (May 9. 2001).
v) T8g ayt ay Hig 'ands Intl Golf Club, Inc , vs. Tagaytay Hi7hlands Employees UniQn-PTG WO. GR.
No. 142000 (J an. 22, 200 3) .
vi.) Attas LitOQnJf'hic Service. Inc. vs Undersecretary Laguesma. GR. No. 96 5ti6 (Jan 6. 1992),
vii.) De La Salle University Med ical Cent er and College of Medicine vs. Lag uesmo , G.R. No , 10208 4
(Aug. 12, 1998),
6. Confidential Em ployee s
6.1. First Swing: Indusion Among Rank -and-File
i.) Southem Ph il. F9deration of Labor vs Calleja . G R. No. 80882 ( April 24. 1989).
6 ,2, Second SWIng Ex ClUSIOn from Rank-and-Fi le
i) Gok1en Fa rms . Inc . \IS . Calleja . G.R. No 787755 (July 19,1989) .
i.J PhilIpS Induslri31 oev. vs. NLRC, G.R No 88957 (June 25,1992).
6 3 Third Swing InclusiOn Among Supervisors
i.) Ph d. Ph<J:SPBte Fertilizer Co,-p. vs Torres and Phi1phOs MC1~rrJfmt fur Progress, '.,c..
G.R No.
98050 (Man;tJ 17, J994).
6.4 Fourttl Swing IncNSIOO Among Monthly Paid Ra nk -and -File
i.) GoIde,. Farms. Inc . vs Secretary of Labor, G.R. No . 102130 (July 26, 1994).
6 5.·Ooctn ne of Necessa ry Implication" (Limi ted ExclUSIOn)
i.J National Assoctation of Trade Unions (NA TU)- Republic Planters Ba nk SUperVIsors Chapter vs.
Han. Ruben Torre s. GR. No . 934 68 (Dec. 29.1994),
Ii) Pier of 8 Arra stnl vs. Con fesor and General Maritime and Stevedoring Union. GR. No . 110854
(Feb . 13. 1995).
iii.) MetroLab Industri6s Inc. vs Confessor and Metro Drug Corp. Employoo s Assn. - FFW, G R. No.
1088 55 (Feb. 28. 19':6)
iv.) Manila Electric Com,Jany vs. Hon. Secretary of Labor and Meralco Employees and Work ers
Ass oc iation (MEWA ), G.R. No, 12 759 8 (Jan. 27, 1999).
v) San Mig uel Corp Supe rvisors a nd Exem pt Union , et ai, vs. Laguesma, G.R. No . 1103 99 (Aug. 5.
1997).
7 Security Gu ard s Ma y Join Rank-a nd-File or Supervisors Union
Art , 256, Nonabridgment of Right to seu-omeoceuco

Ti tl e VI- U NFAIR L AB OR PRACTICES

Ch ap ter I- CONCEP T
Art 257. Concept of Unfa ir Labor" Pracnce and Procedure for Prc secu ton Thereof

Ch ap ter II- UNFAIR LABOR PRACTtcES OF EMPLOYERS

Art. 259. Un fa ir La bor Practices of Employ ers
1. CondltlOn$ Precedent to U.l-P. Charge
i-J Manana VS. Royallntarocean Lmes . GR. No L·1 242g (Feb . 27, 1961),
2 No ULP : Valid Exercise of Management Rights or Prercqa nve s
i.) Phllcom Employee s Union vs Phil. Globa l Comm unications. GR. No. 144315 (JUly 17, 20(6)
ii.) Rubberworld (Ph i s.), Inc. vs. N LRC . G,R, No 75 704 (July 19,1989)
d.) BuIJeUn Publishing Corp . vs. Sanchez , GR. No , 74425 (Oct 7,19 86).
iv-J Bondoc V$ , C,I,R., GR, No . 33955 (Jan, 26, 1969).

7
 v.) Enriquez vs.Zamorn, GR No. 51382 (Dec. 29. 1986j.
vi.) Wise and Co.. Inc. vs. WfS8 & Co. Inc, Employees Union, GR No. 87672 (OCt. 13, 1989).
vii.) ?hi1ippine Graphic Ms, Inc. vs. NLRC. GR. No. L-8(l131 (5ep. 29, 1988).
vii ) san Miguel Bntwety sales Force Union (PTGWO,l va. OpIe and S MC, G.R. No. 535 15 (Feb. 8,
1989).
3, Cases of ULP
3 ,1. mterterence (Art . 248 a)
3.2. "Ye llow Dog. Condibon (Art 248 b)
3.3 . Contracting O ut (Art. 248 c)
3.4 . Co mpany-do mination o f Union (Art . 248 d )
35, Discri m ina tion (A rt. 248 e) .
3.6 . DiSCfim ina tiofl Because of Tes timony (Art 248 f)
3.7. VIOlation of Itl e Duty to Ba rgain (Art 248 g )
3.8. Paid Negotiation (Art. 248 h)
3.9. V IOlatio n of the CM (Art. 248 i)
4 U .l. P . in a G iven Period Should Be Induded in Sir:gle Charge
i.) DIone la, er al. vs. c. 1.'~.. GR No . L- I 8334 (Aug . 31, 1963).

Ch a p te r m, UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES OF L A B OR OR GANIZATIONS

Art. 259 . Ur'ifair Labor Precoces of Labor OrganizatIOnS
1. Re straint Of Coercion by la bor Ofganilation; Int erference by Union is Not ULP
2. Un ion-Induced Discrimination /
3. R efusa l to B3~ ain
4, "Featherbedd ing' a nd "Ma ke-WoO<." A rran geme nts

Title VII- COLLECTIV E BAR G A ININ G A ND AD MI NISTRATION OF AG REEM ENT

(Part 1. COLLECT IV E BARGAINING CONCEPT A ND PR OCE DURE)

P-rt. 21;;0. Procedure in--eoll ective Ba rg aining

A rt. 261 . Duty to Bargain Collectively in the Absence o f Collective Ba rgai ning Ag reeme nts
Art 26 2 Meaning of Duty tc Bargain CoUectively
Art. 263 . Duty tv Eargain Co/IectIvely When There Exists a ccuecnve Barga ining Agreeme nt
t . Fou r Forms of ULP in Barg aining
1.1 First UL P in Barga ining ' Failure Of Refusal to Meet and Convene
i.) Capitol Medical Center vs. Trai ano, G.R. No. 155690 (June 3D, 2005).
ii.) National Union 01Ban.1f EmpIoYfttte VS. Ministe r olLaOO ~. 110 SCRA 274
1.2, Second U. l P. in Barga ining : Evading the M andatory SUbjucts
i.} ManiJ3 £~ Cc. vs. Han . S6crE>13ry of Lc. bor and t/.EWA, GR No . 121598 (.;an. 27, 1999)
1.3 Third UL? in Bargaining ' Bad Faith
i.) Hongkong and Shar,qha i Banki ng Corp , Employe€ s Union vs. NLR C G,R. No. 125038 (Nov.
15,1997).
ii-J Samahang Manggagawa sa Top Farm Mfg. - UM ed Worl<-ers of the Philippines (SMTFM·
UWP),G.R. No. 113855 (Sep.7.1998).
iii.) CoIegiO de San Juan de Letran vs ASSOCIation o( Employees and Faculty of Letran and
E.A mbas , G.R. N o. 14141 (Sep, 18,2000).
iv.} Standard Chartered Bank Emp loyees Union (NUflE) vs. Confesor, at a l. GR, No , 1149 74 (June
15,2004).
v .} Laka s ng Manggag<'lwang Makabaya n vs. Marce1c Enterprises, G.R. No. L-38258 & 382 60 (Nov.
19, 1982).
1.4 Fourth UlP in Ba rga ining: "Gross" VlOl;1bon 01 the Co ntract
2. Ra bfcation by the CBU: Mandatory Require me nts
3 Reg istra tion of CS A
Art. 264 -A. Terms of a Collective Bargaining Ag~eement
1. Du ration of a ceA
i.J San Miguel Cotp. Employees Umon·PTGWO vs. Confesor, San Miguel CorporatIOn. MagnOlia
Corp., and S8n Migue l Foods toc.. GR. No , 111252 (sep , 19.19 95) ,
2 , Effe ct iVity and RetroactIVIty of a CBA
i.) Mera ico vs. Quisumbing and MEWA, G.R. No, 127598 (Jan . 2 7, 1999).
il) Union of Filipino Employees vs tvLRC and Nsstle Phil. Inc. G.R No. 91025 (Dec. 19, 1990).
iii.) 51. Luke 's Medical Center, Inc. vs. Hon Rube n TOrres, G.R. No. 99395 (June 29,1993).
2.1 EffecUvrty of CSA Concluded After Six Mon ths trom Expiration of Old CSA
i.) Cru z, et 8/. vs. Han Calleia , G.R. No. 87332 (Aug. 13, 1990).
3 Ell;tension of Effectivity of CB A, When venc
3.1 Ten-)ear Suspension ofC SA
i) Rivera. et al vs. Espiritu, et et., GR No 135547 (Jan. 23, 2004)
Art. 26 5 InjunC!tOO Proh Ibited

B
 Title VII- COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND ADMINISTRATION OF AGREEMENT
(Part 2. EMPLOYEE PARTICIPAT ION AND REPRESENTATION)

Art. 266. Excl usive Bargaining Representation and 'Norkers' Participation in Policy and Declsion-Makinq
A rt. 21;1 7. Rep rese ntation Issue in Org anized Establishments
A rt. 2t!8. Petitions in Unorganized Esta blishments , .-
A rt. 269 When an Employer May File Petition Art. 258-A (270) Employer as "Bystander".
Art, 271. Appea l From Certification Election Orders
1. De termining the Bargaining Union: Ove rview of the Methods
1.1. Fj-st Method: Voluntary Recognition (V.R.) under D.O. No. 40-03
1.2. Seco nd Metl'lod: Certificatiori"Election (C ,E.)
i.} PAL Employees' Association vs. Calleja, G.R. No. 76673 (June 22, 1988) .
ii.); AssociattW Trade Unions (ATU) vs. Trajano, G.R. No. 75321 (June 20, 1988).
1-.3. Third Method": Consent Election
2. Direct Certification No Longer Allowed
i.) Colgate Palmolive Phil. Inc. vs. BJas Ople. G.R. No. 73681 (June 30,1988).
3. Conducting the C.E.
4, The Winner as Sole and Exclus ive Repres entative

Titlt! VII-A- GRIEVANCE MA CHINERY AND VOLUNTAR Y ARBITRATION

Art. 2 72 . G rievance Machinery and Voluntary Arbitration
Art.273 JurisdiCtion of-Vo luntary Arbitrators or Panel--of Voluntary Arbitrators
Art. ~74 . Jurisdiction Over Other Labor Disputes
Art. 2T5-A . Proced ures
Art. 276-B . Cos! o f Vo luntary Arbitration and Voluntary Arb itrator's Fee

Tille VIII
STRIK ES AND LOCK OUT S AND FOREI GN INVO LVEM f:NT IN TRADE UNION ACTIVITIES

C hapter 1- STRIK ES AND LOC K OUT S

Part 1. REGUL ATIONS AND LIMI TS O F STRIKE AND LOCKOUT

Art 2 77. Strikes, PiCketing , and Lockouts

1. Co nstitutional guar£.ntee of right to strike unde r Article XIII, Sec . 3, ('If the 1987 Philippine Constitution,
2. A Valid Strike must be Based on a "l abor Dispute".
i.' National Uninn of Workers in Hotels vs. NLRC and PeninSula Hotel. GR·No. 125561 (March 5,
. 1996),
3 Factors In leg=~ity of Strike
3.1. First Factor: Statutory Prohibition
i.) - SSS Employees Association (SSSEA) vs. Court 01 Appe als. 1;'"5 SCRA 686 ( 1989)
ii.) Bangalisan. et al. vs. Court of Appeals. Tile Civil Service CommiSSIOn. and the Secretary of
DEC S, G.R. No. 124678 (July 31. 1997),
32. Second Factor: Proced ural Requirements
3.2.1. Notice of Strike
3.2,2. "Coo ling-off" Per iod
3.2.3 : Strike Vote
3,2.4 , Strike Vote Report
i.) National Federat ion of Sugar Workers (NFSW) vs Ovejeras, G.R. No. 59743 (May 3 1. 1982).
ii.) Gold City Integrated Port Service Inc. (/NPORT) vs. NLRC, et ai" G.R. No. 103560 (July 6, 1995).
iii.) Union of F ilipin o. er al. vs. Nestle Philippines. Inc., Sf al. G.R. Nos, 8870-13 (Dec. 19,1990).
iv.) Interphil Laboratories Employees Union-FFW vs. Inlerphil Laboratories Inc" et al., GR. No.
, 142824 (Dec 19.2001).
v.) Sukhola i Cuisine vs. C.A, et. AI.. G.R. No, 150437 (July 17, 2006).
33 T t>ird Facto r: Purpose; Econom ic and UL P Stnke
i.) San Miguel Corp vs. NLRC, SMCEUIP TGWO, GR . No, 99 266 (March 2. 1999).
ii.) Davao Free Workers Front vs. C.J.R., 60 SCRA 408.
iii.) Phil. Steam-Navigational Co vs Phil. Manne Offices Guild (PMOG). GR. Nos
L-20667 and L-20559 (Oct. 29. 1955),
iv.) Tin and Hayuhay vs NLRC and Republic Broadcasting System, GR No,
1232 76 (Aug. 18, 1997).
3.4 Fourth Factor: Means and Methods
i.) Phil. Marine Officflrs ' Guild vs Compania Mantima G,R. No L-20562 and L-20563 (March 9.
1968).
ii) United Seamen's Union vs Da vao Shipowners Association. GR No L-18778 (August 31 ,
1967).
iii.) Uberal Labor Union vs. Philippine Can Company. 91 PM 72.
35 Fifth Factor : Injuncti on
L) Union of Fifipro Employ'ees vs. NLR G. GR No 91025 (Dec. 19.1990),

9
 •

ii.) Phi/tread Work ers Unio n (P TWUj vs. Confesor, GR. No. 11715 9 (March 12,
199 7).
iii.) P$BA VS. Noriel, GR . No. 80648 (August 15, 1988), ~ .
iv.) Saulog TrarnJit Inc. vs. Lazaro, 128 SeR A 591 (1984).
v) UST vs. NLRC, US T Faculty Union , GR No. 89320 (OCt. 18, 1990).
3.6. Sixth F acto r: Agreem ent of the Parties
i.) ._ Philippine Metal Fou ndries, Inc. VS, G.I.R. , GR Nos . L-34948-49 (May 25, 1979).
ii.) GO P·CCP Workers Unio n vs. C.IR , GR No. L·33015 (5e p . 10, 1979).
4. Effects of Defiance of "Return to Work Order"
i.) UnivefSityof Sa n Agustin vs. e .A., at et., G.R. No . 16963 2 (Marr;h 28 , 2006).
ii.) Sarmiento vsrtuc o. GR. Nos. 752 71-73 (June 27, 1988),
iii.) Asian Transmission Corp. VS. NLRC, G.R. No. 77567 (June 2 7, 198 8).
iv.) Sf. Scholas fica's College VS. H en. R uben Torre s and Samaha n ng Manggaga wang Pang-
edukasyon s8 Sta. Escc lestice. G.R. No. 100158 (Jun e 29, 1952).
v) Bisayas Land Transportation Com pa ny. Inc. vs. C.I.R. era Philipp ine Marine Radio Officers
Association, 102 Phil. 438 .
vi.' Phil Federation of Petroleum Workers (PF PW) vs. C /R.. 37 SCRA 71 1 (19 71).
vii,) Bagong Bayan Corp. Rea/ity In ves tors & Developers vs. BJas F. Op la, G.R. No, 73334 (Dec, 8,
1986) .

Art. 278. Proh ibited Acti vi ties

A rt, 279, Im proved Off er Balloting
A ct. 280. Req uire ment for A rrest and Detention

.,. {Part 2- IlO lcketlng'& Other Co ncerte d Acti viti es )

1. Picketing as Phase of Freedom of Speech

i) ~ De Leon, at et. vs. National Labor Union (N LU) 100 Phil. 789,
ii.) Philippine Blooming Mill s Emp loyees Association vs. Phil ippine Blooming Hi lls 51 SCRA 189
( 19 73).
iii.) The Insular Li fe Assurance Co. Ltd Employ ees Assoc iation-NATU vs. The Insular Life Ass urance
Co. Ltd" No . L·25291 (J an uary 30, 19 71).
2. Pick eting of Neutra l Part ies or "Bysta nders"
i) Phil. Association o f Free Labor Union vs. Cloriboi. L·25878 (Alarch 28, 19 69).
ii,) Liwayway Publications, Inc. ItS Permanent Concrete Workers Union, GR No . L-25003 (Oc~, 23,
1981).
3. Other Con ce rted A cti vities
i) RepUblic Savings Bank, 31 s eRA 225. 232~23'4 ,
Ii) flaw at BukJod ng Manggagawa (IBM) vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 9 1980 (Jun e 2 7, 1991).
iii.) •Basc on. et .. 1. VS. CA, et 131., G.R. No , 14 489.~ (Feb, 5, 2(04).
iv.) Philipp ine Bloo ming Mills Employees Organization vs . Phil, Bloo ming Mills. G.R. L-31195 (June 5,
19 73).
v.) Toyota Motor Phils. Corp. Workers Association, et al. vs. NLR C, e t ai , GR. Nos. 15 8786 and
158789 (OCt 19, 2007).
4, Directive to Prosecutors
i.) Sarmiento vs. Judge Tuico, G.R. Nos. 75271-73 (J une 27,1988),
it} A sian Tran smission Corp , vs. NLR C, G,R , Nos, 75271-73 (June 27, 1988)

(Part 3. Conseq uences of Co nce rted Activities)

1. Strikers' Retention of Employme nt

i.) Bac us VS, GpJe, G.R. No . L-56 856 (Oct. 23, 19 84).
ii) Progressive Workers Union VS A g !J8 S. 150 SC RA 429 ( 19B7) .
iii) ES SO Philipp ines, Inc. VS, Ma/ayang Ma ngg ag'3wa sa ESSO, 75 SC RA 73 (1977).
2. Strikers' l o ss of E mployment
i.} Gold City Integra /ed Port Services . Inc. (INPORT) vs. NLRC, Adela EbilnB, et a/.,No. 103560
(July 6,1995).
ii.) ASSOCIation of troeoenaent Unions in the Phil. vs Cenapro Chemical Corp. , G,R No . 120505
(March 25, 1999)
liL) Great Pacific Life Employe es Unio n and R.P. Dela Rosa vs. Great Pacific Ufe Assurance Corp"
G.R. 126 717 (Feb. 11. 1999)
iv.) Chua vs. NLRC. GR. No, 105 775 (Feb. 8,1993).
v.) Cromwell Commercial Emp loyees and La bor Union (P T\1.? vs. C..IR., L·19 778 ( Sep . 30,19 64).
3. Who Declares ' l oss of Employment Status ?"
L} Gold City Integrated Port Services , Inc. (INPOR T) vs. NLRC (Ibid).
ii,} PNOC Dockyard and Engineering Corp . vs. NLR C, G.R. No. 118223 (J une 20,1998).
4. Employe r' s Righ t to Hire Replacements During Stnke
i.) Norton Harrison Co. & Jackbil/ Concrete Block s Co. La bor Union vs. Norton & Ham'son Co. &
Jackbift Concrete Blocks co.. L- 1846 1 (Feb, 10, 1967).
it.) Feati University vs. Bautista, ot 131., L-2 12 78 (Dec. 2 7, 1966).
iii.) Diwa ng PagkakaiStJ-PAFL U vs Filrex, No l -23960 (Feb 6, 1.0( 8) ,

10
 5. Damages
i.) National Federation of Labor, et al. vs NLRC and Permex Produce r an d Exporter com.. G.R No.
113466 (Dec. 15, 1997).

Ch ap/er 11- An ist anee to Labor Org anization s

Act. 281. Assistance by the Department of labor

Act 282. Ass istance by the InstiMe of labor and Manpower Stud ies (E.O. 126 of January 30,1967 abolished the IlMAS
and E.025 1 of July 15,1987 replaced it with the Instilute for labor Studies )

Ch apte r Ill- FOREIGN ACTIVITI ES

Act. 263. Prohibition Agains t Aliens; Exceptions,

Act. 284. Regulation of Foreign Assistance ,
Ac t. 285 , Applicability to Farm Tenants and Rural Workers.

Chapter IV. PENALTIES FOR VIOL ATION

Act . ~6 . Penalties

Title IX
SPECIA L PROVISIONS
Act 287. Study of labor Management Relations
Act. 288. Visitoria l Power
Act. 459 . Tripartism.and Tripartite Conf.erences
Act. ~ gO . Government Employees
Act. 29 1. Miscellaneous Provisions
B o ok Shl
POST EMPLOYM fNT
Title I
'rermmancn of Emp loym en t
~.rt 1, Int roduct ion: Employ er's Secu rity of Tenu re )

Act. 292 . Cove~age

Ac t . 293. Secunty of Tenure
1 con snnnonet Guarantees of Tenure
i.) Rance vs. NLRC. G.R. No, 68147 (June 30.1988).
ii.) Escareal vs. NLRC, G.R. No 99359 (Sap, 2, 1992).
iii.) -- PNB vs. Cabansag, GR No . 157010 (Ju ne 21 , ZOOS).

(Part 2. Kind s of Emplo yment)

Act 294 Reg ular arid Casual Employment
1 Regular Emp loyment
i) De Leon vs. NLRC, G.R No 70 70 5 (Au g 21, 1969J-
ii.) A.M. Oreta &. Co" Inc . vs NLRC , GR No. 74()()4 (Aug. ~0. 1 989J
:ii.) Wack Wack Golf &. Country Club vs NLRC, et a l., G.R. No 1 ~ 9793 (April 15, 2(05).
2. casual Employee
i.} Phil, Geothermal, Inc. vs. NLRC, GR. NO , 82643-47 (Aug. 30, 1990J
i/.) Capule vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 90653 (Nov 12, 1990J-
iv.) Phil. American Management Association vs. C.i.R. , G ,R. No. 37206 (Apn115 , 1988 ),
3. Projec t Employment
i.) Sandoval S9ipping, tnc . vs. /'JLRC, 136 SCRA 674,
ii.) , Phil National Construction Corp, vs. NLRC, GR. NO.85323 (June 20,1989),.
iii.) ALU-TUCP ,et al. vs. NLRC and Nstone t Steel Corp" G R No , 109902 (Aug. 2. 1994).
iv-J _ Mercado Sr. vs NLRC. GR, No . 79869 ( Sep 5.199 1).
4 "Pnncipal Test'
i.) Hilario Rada vs.. NLRC. GR No 95078 (J anuary 9,1992)
ii) VlOJeta vs NLRC . G R No. 119523 (OCt 10,1997).
iii) Ferna ndez vfNlRC and OM Gansonj;. Inc;.. GR. No. 106090 (Feb. 28. (994).
5. -s eascner EmplOyment f Reg ula, Seaso nal" A fte r O ne Sea so n)
i.) Mercado Hotel Co v,s_CI.R. , GR No L- 18875 ( Sep . 30,1963)
Ii.) Hllcl6nda Fatim a vs National Federa !lOn of Sugar Can l;! Workers, G R No. 149440 (January
28.2003).
iii .) Visayan Stevedore Tran s Co. vs c rR. , GR No. L-2 1696 (Feb 25, 19(7).
6 "F ixed - Period " Employment
i.) Bre nt SdJooI, Inc . vs. Zamora . GR. No4 8494 (Feb. 5, 19QO).
ii-J Cis lo vs. NLRC. G R. No 78693 (January 2 8. 1991).
Act. 295. Probationary Empkl yment
1 I be Need for ProbabOfl
i.) International Calho/ic MigratJOfl Comm-ssion vs NLRC GR No. 72222 (Jan. 30. 198 9)
II.) Mera/CD vs NLR C. G R No 83 75 1 1St.v 2ii.198~)

11
 2. Rights of Proba tiona ry Em ployee Termination Only for Cause)
i.) Cielo vs. NiRC, 193 S CRA 4 10 (1 991)
;;.) Clarion Printing House, Inc . vs. NLRC, GR . No. 148372 (June 27, 20(5).
iii.} A.M. OnJta do cc., Inc. vs. NlRC , GR. No. 74004 (Aug. 10,1989).
W.) Mani a Hotel Corporation vs. NLRe, GR. No. L·534,5,)(January 22. 1966) .
3. Exte nsion of Proba tion
i.) . Marlwasa Manufacturing, Inc , vs. Leog:udo. Jr. GR. No. 74246 (J an. 26. 1989).
4. Last d ay of Probatio n
i.) CALS Po ultry vs. Roco, GR. No, 150660 (Jul y 30 ,2002).
ii.) Alcira vs. NLRC and Middleby, GR.No, 149859 (June 9 200 4).
iii.) Mifsub ish i Motors Phil . Corp. vs. Chrysler Phil. Labor Union, GR No. 148 73 8 (June 29.2004) .
5. Probationary Period for Teachers
i.) U$ Tvs. NLRC, GR No. 85519 (Feb 15. 1990) ,

(Part 3. Managem ent Rights and th e Just Ca uses of Tennination )

Act 296. Tennination By '::mployef

1. T he Right lO DiSCipline
i.) san Migu.' Cotp. vs. NLRC, GR. No 8 72 77 (May 12, 1989).
ii.) Shoems rt. Inc . vs. NiRC, G.R . No. 74299) (Aug, 11, 1989).
iii.) Yuco Ch emica1lndustne s vs. Ministry of La bor, G.R No. 75656 (May 2B, 1990) .
w .) Mers lco vs. NLRC. GR. No. 78763 (JUly 12, 1989).
v.) Rance , et al. vs NLRC. GR. No , 68147 (June 30, 1988). ,
2. Just Causes: serious Misconduct
i.) Piedad vs. Lanao De l Norte Elect ric Coop. Inc" GR. No, 73 735 (Aug, 31, 1987).
ii.) As ian CMsign & Mfg . Corp . vs. Han. Deputy Minister of Labor , G.R. No. 70552 (May 12, 1986).
iii.) Luzo n Stevedoring Corp . vs CJR., L·18683 (D ec . 31,19(5).
3. Just Cause: Willful Disobedience
i.) Soco vs. Merca ntile Cotp. GR. No, 53364- 65 (Map;h 16, 1987).
ii.) Cebu cry Integrated Port Services , Inc. vs NLRC, G,R. No, 86000 (5ep. 2 1. 1Si90).
Iii) EscobkJ , er al. vs. NLRC, PeftoJ<. Integrated $ervio'Js. Inc. (PISI). GR No. 118159 (April 15.
1998).
4 Just Ca use: DishonEosty. Loss of Confidence
I.) san Miguel Corp, vs. GR. No. 82467 (Ju ne 29, 1989).
ii.) FirfI :Jtone rllll & Ruboer Co. ofrhe Phil vs . LariOStJ. G R No . 70479 (F eb. 2 7. 1987)
iii ) Mabeza vs NLRC and Hot el Supreme . GR NO.1 18506 (April 18. 1997).
iv.) Midas Touch Food com vs. NLRC and Iris Fe lsa ae, GR. No. 1 f 1639 (July 29, 1996).
5. Just cause: Commissionof a Crime or Off ense
i) Staride Plastic Industriai Cotporation vs NLRC. GR No . 78491 (March 16,1989).
ii.) Mffi;Uly Drug com. vs. IJLRC. GR. No . 7st62 ($p.p. 15. 1980) .
6. Jus! Cause: Analogous Causes
i.) Nadura vs. 8fJnguet Canso/idatRd, Inc.,GR n o. L-17780 (Aug. 24,19(2).

(Part 4 . Authorized Causes of Tennination )

Art. 297. Closure of Establishment ::nd Redu ct io n of Personnel

M. 298. Disea se as Grou nd for Term ination
1. Authorized Causes in Ge ne ra!
i.) ShOPPers GaIn Supermart vs NLRC. GR. No . 110731 (July 26. 1996) .
ii.' AHS Philippines. GR No. 73721 ( Ma"-J l 30. 1987).
iii.) Inlem a rlOOBl Hardw are . Inc. vs NLRC. GR No. 80770 (Au g , 10. 1989).
2. IntroductIOn of La cor- Savin g Device s
i.) Phil . Sheet Metal W()ri(ers ' UniOn vs C IR. , 83 Phil. 453.
3. Redundancy
i-J Solid Unes Corp. vs NLRC, GR No 74 482 (Nov. 5,1986).
,i".} Wiltsh ire File Co.,Ioe, vs . NLRC. G R No, 82249 (Feb 7.1991 )
iii.) Esc9real vs. N LRC. GR. No. 99359 (Sep 2. 1992)
iv.) Serrano vs NLRC, GR. No . 117040 (Jan. 27.2000).
4. Retrenchmen t
i.) Columbia Dev. Corp. vs. Minister of Labor and Emp loy mfln t, G.R. No. 57769 (Dec, 29, 1986).
ii.) Mayon Engineenng WOr/(ers ' Unio n vs Mayon Engineering & Machin e Shop, C.IR. , No. 150-V
(Oct. 28 ,19 48).
iii) Union of Phil. Education Employee s vs. Phil. Education Co., G.R. No. 1-716 1 ( May 19,1955)
"tv.) Asian Alcohof Corp . vs NLRC. 305 SCR A 416 ( 1999)
v) Lopez Sugar Corp. vs. FFW, GR No. 75700-01 (Aug 30,1990).
vi) SBbuguero vs , NLRC . GR No 115394 (Se P. 27. 1995 ).
5, Closure of Business
i.) CataliSta vs. NLRC and ViClona s MIlling CO_. Inc . G R No. 102422 (Aug J. 1995).
ii-J NOIfh Davao Milling Corp. vs NLRC. GR No 112546 (March 13,1996 ).
6 Sale In e cce Faith
i.) san FelIpe Nen School of Mand aluyon g . Inc. vs NL RC ,GR No . 7B350 ($ep 1 f.1991 ).
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,
ii-J Manlimos vs. NLRC, GR. No. 113337 (Ma rch 2, 1995).
7. Merger & Consolidation
i.) Filipinas Port services, Inc. vs. NLRC , G.R. No. 97237 (August 16,1991).
a. Ailment or Disease
i.) ceca Royal Plant (San Miguel COrp.jV5, Deputy Minister of Labor, GR No, 58639
(Aug .f 2,1987),

(Part 5. P roced ure to Ter minate Employmen t)

Due Process Requisites (Substantive & Procedural Due Proce ss )

i-J Maneja vs. NLRC and ManiJa-Midtown Hotel. GR. No. 124013 (June 5, 1998).
ii.) MeG Marine Services. Inc. vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 114313 (July 29.1996).
2."Two-Notice" Requirement
i.) _ Tingson Jr. vs. NLRC. 185 SeRA 498 (1990).
if.) National Services Corp. vs. NLRC, 168 seRA 122 (1988).
iii.) Ruffy vS.NLRC, 182 seRA 365 ( 1990),
3, Preventive Suspension
!.; Globe- Mackay Cable & Radio Corp . vs. NLRC , G.R. No. 82511 (March 3, 1992) .

(Part 6, CONSeQ UENCES OF TERMINATION )

1, Unde r Present Law; Four Kinds of Separation Pay

1.1. First Kind of Seeeration Pay: AS'9 St atutory Req uire me nt for Authorize d Cau ses Un der Art. 283 and
2a4 .
i.) - Planters Products , Inc. vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 78524 (Jan.20, 1989),
1,2. Second Kind of Separation Pay: As Fina nc ial Assistance in Lega l Dismissal.
L) PLOT vs. NLRC and M, Abucay . G.R. No, 80609 (Aug. 23, 1988).
1.3, Th ird Kine of Separation Pay : As Substitute fo r Reinstatement in Illeg al Dismissal Cases.
i,) Pedroso, at al. vs Cas tro, G.R. No. 70361 (Jan. 30, 1986).
14 Fou rth Kind of Sep arat ion Pay: As Emp loyme nt Benefit from Emp loye r.
i.) Phil . oversees- Dr 'lling & Oil o ev. Corp . vs Ministry of Labor, GR. No , 55 703 (Nov. 27, 1986),
2. Bec kwaqe s
i.) torao vs. Leoga rdo. G.R. No, 77205 (May 2 7.19 91),
ii.) Lim vs. NLRC , G.R. No. 79907 (March 16. 1989).
iii.) Sweet Lines, Inc. vs. NLR C, G.R. No , 79975 (March 16, 1989).
3. Bas is of Co mputation of Backwages: T he Rule Before R ,A. 67 15; The "Merc ury Drug Ru le"; The ' Pines Cit y"
Ruling; and the ' Bustama nte Latest Ru ling",
i.) _ Mercury Drug Co. Inc. vs. C.I.R., 56 SCRA 894 ( 19 74).
ii.) Pines City Educational Cente r vs. NLRC , G.R. No, 96779 (Nov. 10,1993).
Iii.) Osm alik Bustamante vs. NLRC and E\lorg;e en Farms , G,R. No. 111651 (Nov, 28, 1996).
4, msrmssat tor Cau se But Without Due Process; The "We nphil" Doctrine : The "Serrano' Ru ling ; T he "Agabon"
Rule
i.) Wenphll Corp, vs. NLRC , G.R. No. 80587 (Fe b. 8,1989).
ii.) " Seml no VS, NLRC and IsetBnn Dept. Store , O.R. No. 117040 (January 27,2000)
iii.) Agabon vs. NL RC, G.R. No 15fl693 (Nov, 17,2004).

-,' 5. Reinstatement
i.) Sant os vs NLRC, G.R. No, 7672 1 (Sap. 2 1, 1987).
ii.) Meralco vs. NLRC , G.R. No. 78 763 (July 12, 1£189).
iii.) Pepsi-Cola Bottling Co. vs. NLRC , GR No, 1C1900 (Juna 23,1992)
iv.) , Esmalin vs. NLRC, GR No. 67880 (Sep . 15,1989).
v.j Globe-Mackay Gable & Ra dio Corp \IS N LRC & Sala zar, GR No. 825 11 (March 3, 1952).
vi.) D. V. Quijano vs. Mercury Drug Corp . and NLRC, G.R. No. 12656 1 (July 8, 1958).
6, Damages
i.) Suario VS, Bank of P.lnc, GR. No. 50459 (Apri: 25, 1989)
7. Attorne y's Fees
;.) Lopez VS. NfRC, Letran College" Manila. el a l.. G.R. No. 124548 (Oct. 8,1998).

(Part 7. TERMINATI ON BY EMP L OYEE AND SUSPEN SION OF OPERATION )

Art 299 , T ermin ation by Employee

Art. 300 . Wh en Em ployment Not Deem ed Te rm inated

Title 11- RETI REMENT FROM THE SERV ICE

Art 301, Retirement
1. Retirement Defined
i.) Brion vs. South Phil, Union Mission of the Seven th Day Ad ventist Church. GR. No, 135 138 (May
19. 1999).
2. The Previous Law and Amend ments by R A No . 764 1 (1983) and R.A No, 8558 (1998).

13
• , ,.
i.) Uora Motors. Inc. vs. Onion, GR No. 82895 (Nov. 7, 1989).
ii.) Oro En terprises VS. NLRC and Loreta Cecilia, GR No. 110861 (Nov. 14, 199 4).
3 Coverage (Handbook of Workers ' St at utory M on et ary Be nefits Pu bli s h ed b y DOLE Bure au of Work ing
Co nditlons..2006,pp.44--46).
4. Cond itions for Entrtlement to Retirement
i.) ", Brion V$ . South Phil Union Mission of the Sevent.'l Day Adventist Church (Ibid ).
5. Two Kinds..ofRetirement '
i.) Capilivs. NLRC, G.R . No. 120802 (June 17,19 97).
ii.) M8rtirez vs. NLRC, GMCR, Inc. and MA. Javier, G.R. No . 118743 (OCt. 12,1998),
6. Employer'S Option
i.) PAL vs. Airline Pilots Ass ociatio n of the Phil., G.R. No . 14386 (J an. 15,2002).
ii.) Pantronco North Express vs. NLRC and V.Suniga. G.R. No. 95940 (July 24,1996).
iii.) Progressive Development Corp . V$, NLRC , G.R. No. 138826 (OCt. 30,2000).
i v.) Cainta Catholic School and Msgr. Mariano T. Balbage vs. Cainta Catholic School Emplo'j8es
Union. GR. No. 151021 (May 4,2006).
7. New Retirement Law Give n Retroactive Effect
i.) Oro Enterprises, Inc. vs. NLRC (Ibid) ,
8. Am ount of Retirement Pay
i.) . PA L vs. Airline Pilots Association of the Phil. (Ibid).
9. Retirement Benefits Aside from Separation Pay; Distinction
i.) Un;versityof lhe East vs. UE Faculty Association, G.R. No . 74007 (July 31,1 987).
ii.) Aquino, et al. V5. NLRC, G.R. No. 87653 (Feb. 11,1992),
iii.) Solomon, er a/. vs. Assocnuon of Interna tional Shipping w'nes, Inc., G.R. No, 15631 7 (April
26,2005).
10. Unjustified Denial of Retirement Benefit
i.) E Re zon, Jr. vs. NLRC. GR. No , 80502 (May 7, "; 992).
11. Sepa ration Disguised as Retirement
u S. Vi/ana vs. NLRC and BL TB, GR. No, 90664 (.c ob. 7.1991).
12, D ismissal to Avoid Retirem ent Benef its
i.) Reyes vs. PhilippinrJ Dup licators, Inc., 109 SCRA 489 (198 1).
13. Exten sion-ot Service of Retiree
i.) UST Fac ulty Union vs NLR C. UST, G.R No , 89885 (Aug. 6,1990) ,

BOOK SEVEN- TRAN SITORY AND FINAL PROVISI ONS

Title 1- PENAL PROVISIONS AND LI ABI LITIES

Art, 302 . Pena lties

Art 303. Who are Liable When Committed by Other than Natural Person

Title II- PRESCRIP TION Of OFFEN SES AN~ CL.~IMS

Art , 304. Offenses

Art, 305. Money Claims
Art 306. Institution of Money Claims

Tit le 111- TRANSI TORY AND FINAL PROVISIONS

Art. 307. Application of Law Enacted Prior to this Code

Art. 308. Secretary of Labor to Initiate Integration of Matern ity Leave Benefits
Art. 309. Funding of u-e Overseas Employment Developmen t Board and the National Seamen Board
Art. 3 10 , Term ination of the Workmen 's Compensation Program
Art. 3 11 . Conti nuation of Insurance Policies and Indem nity Bonds
Art. 3 12. Dispos ition of Pending Cases
Art, 3.13. Personnel Whos e Serv ices are Term inated
Art. 3 14. Separab ility Provisions
Art, 3 15 . Repea ling Claus e

14