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∂σ /∂ + =. # +'
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&

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() { (ε ) } = (ε ) { (ε ) }
&
∆ ε + + #'

(ε )
∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂
ε + ε '' − ε' − ε ' =. # +'
∂ '∂ ' ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ' ∂ ∂ '
∆ε { (ε ) } (ε )
(

! ' "!
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* $

$ %
υ
σ = % ε+
− υ
(ε ) * ε=
+
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υ
σ =
+
ε +
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+
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∂ ∂ σ ∂ σ
ε = ( +ν ) −υ δ
∂ '∂ ' + ∂ '∂ ' ∂ '∂ '

( δ ! -*
@ - + (
- > ?(
+ # +' A * +

∂ ∂ ∂ σ
ε ' =− ( +ν ) +υ
∂ ∂ ' + ∂ ∂ ∂

+ + -

∂ σ ∂ σ '' ∂ ∂ ν ( +ν ) ∂
( +ν ) + + ( +ν ) + + δ =.
∂ '∂ ' ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ( −ν ) ∂
,

) + $ ++

{ (σ ) } + ( { }
&
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! #D' + E FG
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#D'

∂ σ ∂ σ ''
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1 )* G #2 ( ,2 ' 3
#2,2 '( +

( +ν ) ∂ σ +
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= ( +ν )
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∆σ =. #I'

! # ' & #1 !
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σ = % ε + υ /( − υ ) (ε ) *} !
+

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ε ''
ε

& J + 1

K & +
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∂ ∂ − ν ∂ ∂ ' %
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) + $ ++

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3 ! & ∆
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& ) ) $

L ( 818 = (7 ) !
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( 1 1 M
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= (7 ) (

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}
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0 O
σ #' − σ # '
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# 2 , '
; + 3 8<

∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂
ε + ε '' − ε' − ε ' =.
∂ '∂ ' ∂ ∂ (ε ) ∂ ∂ ' ∂ ∂ '
∆ε
{ (ε ) } (ε )
()ε

! ' 0 1 "!
) "! = -
> ?

ε =
+
{( + ν ) σ − υσ δ }

* 0 1 + -
+ !

∂ ∂ σ ∂ σ
ε = ( +ν ) −υ δ
∂ '∂ ' + ∂ '∂ ' ∂ '∂ '

( δ -*
+ ( - +
> ? !
> ?

( − ν )σ '' ( − ν )σ ( − ν )σ
ε '' = ( + ν )σ '' − υσ δ '' = = =
+ + + +

! ) 0'4 1 "A
-* +
∂ ( − ν ) ∂ σ ''
ε '' =
∂ ∂ + ∂ ∂

- + ( -
> ?(
+
∂ ∂ ∂ ∂σ' ∂ σ
ε'= {( + ν )σ ' − υσ δ '} = + ( +ν ) −υ δ'
∂ ∂ ' +∂ ∂ ' ∂ ∂ ' ∂ ∂ '

∂ ∂σ ' ∂ σ
= ( +ν ) −υ
+ ∂ ∂ ' ∂ ∂

! ' 0 1 "! -
+
∂σ ∂ ∂σ' ∂
(σ ) + =.→

+ = . PL
∂ ∂ '
=−

A * +
∂ ∂ ∂ σ
ε ' =− ( +ν ) +υ
∂ ∂ ' + ∂ ∂ ∂

+
∂ ∂ ∂ σ
ε ' =− ( +ν ) +υ
∂ ∂ ' + ∂ ∂ ∂

! +
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( +ν ) −υ δ +( − ν)
∂ '∂ ' ∂ '∂ ' ∂ ∂
∂ ∂ σ ∂ ∂ σ
+ ( +ν ) +υ + ( +ν ) +υ =.
∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂
∂ σ ∂ σ ∂ σ '' ∂ ∂
( +ν ) −υ δ + + ( +ν ) + =.
∂ '∂ ' ∂ '∂ ' ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂
(

! 1G #2 (,2 ' 3 +
& ( + =
,
∂ σ ∂ σ ∂ σ '' ∂ ∂ σ ( +ν ) ∂
( +ν ) −υ + + ( +ν ) =.→ =
∂ '∂ ' ∂ '∂ ' ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ' ∂ ' ( −ν ) ∂

! * + =
∂ σ ( +ν ) ∂
=
∂ ' ∂ ' ( −ν ) ∂

+ + -

∂ σ ∂ σ '' ∂ ∂ ν ( +ν ) ∂
( +ν ) + + ( +ν ) + + δ =.
∂ '∂ ' ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ( −ν ) ∂
) + $ ++

{ (σ ) } + ( { }
&
( +ν ) ∆σ + +ν ) + + *= .

& 2 3
! +
∂σ /∂ + =. ! > ?
-
σ = % {ε + ν /( − ν ) ε ''δ } ! +

∂ε ν ∂ε ''
+ + =.
∂ − ν ∂ %

! -
ε = ( ∂ /∂ +∂ /∂ )/
∂ ∂ ∂ ν ∂ ∂ '
+ + + =.
∂ ∂ ∂ − ν ∂ ∂ ' %
ε ''
ε

& J + 1
K
&
∂ ∂ ∂ ν ∂ ∂ '
+ + + =.
∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ − ν ∂ ∂ ' %
ε '' ε ''

+ -
!
∂ ∂ ∂ '
+ + =.
∂ ∂ − ν ∂ ∂ ' %
ε ''

) + $ ++

∆ + ( ) + =.
− ν %

3 ! & ∆
(

∆ = ( ) − ( )

−ν
( ) − ( ) =.
− ν

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