Er. Milind S Patil et. al.

/ International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology

Vol. 2(8), 2010, 3503-3509

Performance Test of IC Engine Using Blends

of Ethanol and Kerosene with Diesel
Er. Milind S Patil1, Dr. R. S. Jahagirdar2, Er. Eknath R Deore3,
1. Sr. Lecturer in Mechanical Engineering 2. Principal 3. Asst Prof. Shri Shivaji Vidya Prasarak Sansthas Bapusaheb
Shivajirao Deore College of Engineering, Dhule (MS) India
 
ABSTRACT

3.75 kW diesel engine AV1 Single Cylinder water cooled, Kirloskar Make was used to test blends of diesel with
kerosene and Ethanol. Engine test setup was developed to carry the trials using these blends. This paper presents a
study report on the performance of IC engine using blends of kerosene and ethanol with diesel with various blending
ratio. The engine performance studies were conducted with rope break dynamometer setup. Parameters like speed of
engine, fuel consumption and torque were measured at different loads for pure diesel and various combination of
dual fuel. Break Power, BSFC, BTE and heat balance were calculated. Paper represents the test results for blends
5% to 20%

Keywords: IC Engine, Diesel, Blends, fuel properties, heat balance, engine performance
 
Introduction

Increase in petroleum prices, threat of global warming has generated an interest in developing alternative fuels for
engine. Technologies now focusing on development of plant based fuels, plant oils, plant fats as an alternative fuel.
Biodiesel is described as fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or
animal fats. Biodiesel and ethanol can be produced from feedstocks that are generally considered to be renewable.
Since the carbon in the biodiesel originated mostly from CO2 in the air, the full cycle CO2 emissions for biodiesel
contribute much less to global warming than fossil fuels. Although biodiesel cannot entirely replace petroleum-
based fuels, biofuels and diesel fuel blends can be used on existing engines to achieve both environmental and
energy benefits. Ethanol is a low cost oxygenate with high oxygen content (35%) that has been used in ethanol–
diesel fuel blends. The use of ethanol in diesel fuel can yield significant reduction of particulate matter (PM)
emissions for motor vehicles (Ahmed, 2001;Lu¨ et al., 2004; He et al., 2003; Zhang et al., 2004) However, there are
many technical barriers to the direct use of ethanol in diesel fuel due to the properties of ethanol, including low
cetane number of ethanol and poor solubility of ethanol in diesel fuel in cold weather. In fact, diesel engines cannot
operate normally on ethanol–diesel blend without special additives (McCormick and Parish, 2001; Gerdes and
Suppes, 2001).

Experimental Setup

Commercial diesel fuel used in India which was obtained locally is used as a base line fuel for this study. Ethanol
used in this study is anhydrous ethanol (99.7%) purity. Fuel and its blends density and heating value were measured
in a laboratory with hydrometer and bomb-calorimeter. Properties of test fuels were reported in Table – 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
ISSN: 0975-5462 3503
 Er. Milind S Patil et. al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology
Vol. 2(8), 2010, 3503-3509

% change in Heating
Sr. No Fuel Density CV
Value

1 Diesel 822 42188 -

2 5%K+ Diesel 821 42348.6 +0.38
3 10%K+ Diesel 820 42509.2 +0.76
4 15%K+ Diesel 819 42669.8 +1.14
5 20%K+ Diesel 818 42830.4 +1.52
6 5%E+ Diesel 822 41398.6 -1.87
7 10%E+ Diesel 821 40609.2 -3.74
8 15%E+ Diesel 820 39819.8 -5.61
9 20%E+ Diesel 819 39030.4 -7.49
Table – 1

All experiments were performed with Kirloskar make single cylinder diesel engine. Table 2 shows the engine
specifications. All experiments were performed after ensuring the full warm-up.

Engine Specifications
Make Kirloskar AV1
Number of Cylinder 1
Number of Stroke 4
Bore 85 mm
Stroke 110 mm
Power 3.75
Compression Ratio 25:1

Table – 2
The engine performance tests were conducted with a rope brake-diesel engine set up. The parameters like speed of
engine, fuel consumption and torque were measured at different loads for diesel and with various combinations of
dual fuel. Brake power, brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency was calculated using the
collected test data

 
 

 
ISSN: 0975-5462 3504
 Er. Milind S Patil et. al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology
Vol. 2(8), 2010, 3503-3509

Results and Discussion

Fuel Consumption

The influence of fuel consumption on break power for various blends of fuel is represented here under. It is
observed that the fuel consumption for low % of mixture of kerosene fuel consumption was higher than pure diesel.
Ethanol blend and the pure diesel are having the consumption which is almost same. It is observed that for 15 % and
20 % fuel blend (ethanol and diesel) fuel consumption was about 0.67 and 0.66 kg/hr. where as for kerosene and
diesel blend it is observed as 0.64 and 0.62 kg/hr. for a constant output of 2.138 kW. For pure diesel the
consumption was 0.62 kg/hr. which is lower than other fuel blends. However for a output of 00 to 1.614 kW ethanol
blend is having fuel consumption lower than pure diesel and that of kerosene blend.
 
   
0.800
0.800
0.700
Fuel Consumption (kg/hr)

0.700

Fuel Consumption (kg/hr)

0.600
0.600
0.500
0.500
0.400
0.400
0.300
0.300
0.200 0.200
0.100 0.100
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138 0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138

5%K+D 5%E+D D Brake Power(kW)

10%K+D 10%E+D D
 
0.800  
0.700
0.700
Fuel Consumption (kg/hr)
Fuel Consumption (kg/hr)

0.600
0.600
0.500
0.500
0.400
0.400 0.300

0.300 0.200

0.200 0.100

0.000
0.100
0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138
0.000
Brake Power(kW)
0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138
20%K+D 20%E+D D
Brake Power(kW)
15%K+D 15%E+D D  
 

 
ISSN: 0975-5462 3505
 Er. Milind S Patil et. al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology
Vol. 2(8), 2010, 3503-3509

Break Thermal Efficiency

The effect of break thermal efficiency is represented here. It is observed that the break thermal efficiency of pure
diesel is almost higher than any other blend upto 15 % of mixture. (both for ethanol and kerosene) Also BTE for
ethanol with 20 % mixture in diesel is more than that of pure diesel for a given break power.
 
35.00
35.00
30.00
30.00
25.00
25.00
BTE(%)

20.00

BTE(%)
20.00
15.00 15.00
10.00 10.00

5.00 5.00

0.00 0.00
0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138 0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138

Brake Power (kW) Brake Power (kW)

5%K+D 5%E+D D 10%K+D 10%E+D D

         
  
35.00
35.00
30.00
30.00
25.00
25.00
BTE(%)

20.00
BTE(%)

20.00

15.00 15.00

10.00 10.00

5.00 5.00

0.00 0.00
0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138 0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138

Brake Power (kW) Brake Power (kW)

15%K+D 15%E+D D 20%K+D 20%E+D D

         

Volumetric Efficiency

Volumetric efficiency of ethanol and diesel blend is higher for any % mixture compare with pure diesel or kerosene
blend except for 5 % mixture for which it is almost same for all blends. For 20 % ethanol blend volumetric
efficiency decreases from 73 % to 68.44 % which is quiet better than diesel which varies from 71.58 % to 67.34 %
for a given output

 
ISSN: 0975-5462 3506
 Er. Milind S Patil et. al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology
Vol. 2(8), 2010, 3503-3509

72.00

71.00

70.00 73.00
72.00
η Vol (%)

69.00 71.00
70.00

η Vol (%)
68.00 69.00
68.00
67.00
67.00
66.00 66.00
65.00
65.00 64.00
0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138 0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138
Brake Power (kW) Brake Power (kW)
5%K+D 5%E+D D
10%K+D 10%E+D D
           
 

74.00
73.00 74.00
73.00
72.00
72.00
71.00 71.00
η Vol (%)

70.00 70.00
η Vol (%)

69.00 69.00
68.00 68.00
67.00 67.00
66.00 66.00
65.00 65.00
64.00
64.00
0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138
0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138
Brake Power (kW)
Brake Power (kW)
20%K+D 20%E+D D
15%K+D 15%E+D D
           
Exhaust Gas Temperature

Exhaust gas temperature for kerosene blend from 5 % to 20 % was observed as highest compare with any of the
other blends. Highest gas temperature for all fuel blends were recorded as in the range of 200 to 225 Degree Celsius.
Minimum exhaust gas temperature were observed for pure diesel

 
ISSN: 0975-5462 3507
 Er. Milind S Patil et. al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology
Vol. 2(8), 2010, 3503-3509

250

Exhaust Gas Tempreture ( 0C )

250
Exhaust Gas Tempreture ( 0C )

200
200

150
150

100
100

50
50

0 0
0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138 0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138

Brake Power (kW) Brake Power (kW)

5%K+D 5%E+D D 10%K+D 10%E+D D
            
 

250
Exhaust Gas Tempreture ( 0C )

250
Exhaust Gas Tempreture ( 0C )
200

200
150
150
100
100
50
50

0
0
0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138
0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138
Brake Power (kW)
Brake Power (kW)
15%K+D 15%E+D D 20%K+D 20%E+D D
             
Conclusion

For all fuel sample tested it is observed that with the loading of the engine at 2.138 kW (@57 %) BTE of pure diesel
and blend of diesel and ethanol was almost same. That of kerosene BTE was low compare with diesel and ethanol
blend. For 20 % mixture of ethanol blend with diesel has a very good efficiency compared with pure diesel and
blend of kerosene. Also it is observed that the 20 % ethanol blend is having higher volumetric efficiency compare
with diesel and kerosene blend. Exhaust gas temperature for ethanol blend has not shown any substantial increase
compare with pure diesel. Hence blending of ethanol at about 20 % can lead to a better performance of engine
compare with pure diesel.

References

[1] Investigation on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine with Jatropha Biodiesel and Its
Blends, D Ramesh and Sampathrajan, Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR journal. Manuscript EE
07 013 Vol X March 2008.
[2] A study of some fuel Properties of Local Ethanol Blended with Diesel fuel, Ajav, E. A. and O. A. Akingbehin
Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR journal. Manuscript EE 01 003 Vol IV March 2002.

 
ISSN: 0975-5462 3508
 Er. Milind S Patil et. al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology
Vol. 2(8), 2010, 3503-3509

[3] Experimental Study of DI Diesel Engine Performance Using Three Different Biodiesel Fuels, J. Patterson, M.
G. Hassan, A. Clarke, K Hellgardt and R Chen, 2006-01-0234, Department of Aeronautical and Automotive
Engineering Loughborough University UK
[4] Exhaust analysis and Performance of a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Run on Dual Fuels, V. P. Sethi, K. S.
Salariya, IE (I) Journal – MC, Vol 85 April 2004

 
ISSN: 0975-5462 3509