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KUMPULAN MATERI UN

LISTENING

Memahami SKL menjadi sangat penting dalam mengerjakan soal-saol UN (Ujian Nasional).
Dalam soal bahasa Inggris akan kita jumpai soal Listening yang berkaitan dengan
Pictures/Photographs. Bagaimana tips untuk mengerjakan soal Pictures/Photographs. Berikut
sedikit penjelasan poin-poin materi penting untuk mengerjakan soal listening dalam bahasa
Inggris bagian pertama tersebut.

1. Present Continuous/Progressive (kegiatan sedang berlangsung).

 Menentukan pernyataan lisan dengan tepat tentang kegiatan yang sedang


berlangsung di dalam ruangan (indoor)/di luar ruangan (outdoor) sesuai dengan
gambar.

Tenses Example Time signal


Present Progressive I am eating the dinner now, right now, at this moment,
today, Look……, Listen……
She is cleaning the room. (active) The room is being cleaned. (passive)

For example :

 Active : He is watering the plants. (Dia sedang menyiram tanaman)


 Passive : The plants are being watered. (Tanaman itu sedang disiram)
 Active : They’re having a meeting (Mereka sedang menyelenggrakan rapat)
 Passive : The meeting is being held. etc. (Rapat sedang diselenggarakan)
 Active : The woman is repairing her dress. (Wanita itu sedang memperbaiki
pakaiannya)
 Passive : The dress is being repaired. (Pakaian sedang diperbaiki)
 Active : The receptionist is serving the guests. (Resepsionis sedang melayani para
tamu)
 Passive : The guest is being served by the hotel staff. (Tamu sedang dilayani oleh staf
hotel)

2. Presposition / Kata depan (Lokasi benda)

 Menentukan pernyataan lisan dengan tepat tentang lokasi suatu benda/posisi


seseorang sesuai dengan gambar.

Hal penting memahami preposition adalah 1) macamnya dan artinya 2)penggunaannya.


Macamnya lihat table berikut :

 In = di/didalam  Of = dari
 Inside = di dalam  Before = sebelum
 Outside = di luarAt = di  After = setelah
 on = di/ di atas (menempel)  For = selama
 Obove/ over = di atas (tidak menempel)  Since = sejak
 To = ke  Like = seperti
 Into = ke/menuju  By = sekitar/mendekati
 Up = ke atas  Along = selama/sepanjang
 Down = ke bawah  from = dari
 Under = di bawah  During = selama
 Through = melalui  As : sebagai
 Round = di sekitar  Till/until = sampai
 Past = melalui  with = dengan
 Across = menyebrangi  without = tanpa
 Between = di antara (dua)  etc.
 Among + di antara (banyak)

Note : in front of, at the back, on the left side / on the right side

Preposition of place : in, on, and at

 Use preposition in for : continent, island, country, province, city, and town. ( in Asia,
in Bali, in Japan, in Central Java, in Bandung, in Purwokerto, etc.)
 except : in the house, in the classroom, in the office
 Use preposition on for : address ( on Jl Diponegoro, but at Jl Diponegora 9 )
 Use preposition at for : a point of place ( at school, home, at bus station, at airport.
etc.)

For example:

 The cab is being parked at the parking lot. (Taxi itu sedang diparkir di tempat parkir)
 Some books are arranged inside the bookshelf. (Beberapa buku diatur di rak buku)
 The picture is attaching on the wall. (Gambar itu sedang dipasang di dinding)
 The police officer is standing by the traffic light. (Polisi itu sedang berdiri di dekat
lampu lalu lintas)
 The receptionists are waiting the guests behind the desk. (Resepsionis itu sedang
menunggu tamu dibelakang meja)
 The boys is standing on river bank. (Anak-anak sedang berdiri di tepi sungai)

3. Physical Appearance : Describing People

 Menentukan pernyataan lisan dengan tepat tentang penampilan (ciri-ciri fisik)


seseorang/deskripsi benda sesuai dengan gambar.

Describing People – Appearance, physically


Hair : straight, wavy, curly, a crew cut, bald, receding (=moving back). long, middle, short. black, blonde, ginger
haired, red haired, grey.auburn hair (red-brown).

Face : thin-faced, round-faced, dark-skinned, freckles-face, chubby-face, a few wrinkle face, pointed nose, flat
nose. Big eyes, small eyes.

Height and build : tall man, short girl, a rather plump or stout man, a slim woman, obese man (very fat), over
weight, well-build man or muscular man, skinny woman (very thin).

General appearance : smart, elegant, well-dressed, untidy-looking, good-looking. pretty, beautiful, gorgeous,
awesome, ugly.

Describing People – Character Intellectual ability : intelligent, bright, clever, smart, able, gifted, talented,
brainy.

Lacking ability : stupid, foolish, half witted, simple, silly, brainless, daft, dump.

Attitude : optimistic x pessimistic, extroverted x introverted, relaxed x tense. sociable, easy-going, even-
tempered, sincere, jealous, envious. stubborn, arrogant, aggressive, bossy, weird, odd, peculiar, eccentric,
permissive x strict, naive, sensible, courteous.
For example:

 The woman has long blonde hair. (Wanita itu memiliki rambut pirang yang panjang)
 The man is wearing the scarf around his neck. (Orang itu sedang mengenakan syal di
lehernya)
 Both men are wearing suits and ties. (Kedua laki-laki itu mengenakan jas dan dasi)
 Only one girl is wearing the headscarf. (Hanya satu gadis yang mengenakan jilbab)
 The man looks fat and bald. (Lelaki itu tampak gemuk dan botak)
 One of the boys is shorter than the girl. (Satu dari anak-anak itu lebih pendek dari
gadis itu)

Describing Things ( Place, sites and regions)

 Menentukan pernyataan lisan tentang keadaan/situasi di suatu


tempat/gedung/wilayah, sesuai dengan gambar.

For example:

 The road looks very crowded.(Jalan tampak sangat sibuk)


 The road winds around the hill. (Jalan berkelok-kelok di atas bukit)
 The building is still under construction. (Gedung itu masih dalam taraf pembangunan)
 The lawn is very clean and tidy. (Lapangan rumput itu sangat bersih dan rapi)
 The office looks vacant for its employees. (Kator itu tampak kosong dari para
karyawannya)
 The stadium is full of spectators. (Stadion itu penuh dengan para penonton)

1 USED TO

Salah satu indikator dalam ujian nasional bahasa Inggris menyebutkan penggunaan kebiasaan
di waktu lampau. Dalam bahasa Inggris biasanya ungkapan tersebut akan dinyatakan dengan
“Used to”. Untuk memahaminya silahkan anda simak penjelasan berikut.

Used to di gunakan untuk menunjukan : Sesuatu yang kerap dan pernah terjadi di masa
lampau atau kebenaran masa silam. Namun sekarang tidak pernah lagi dilakukan.

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, ” Used to” sering diterjemahkan menjadi “dulu sering” atau “dulu
pernah”. Rumus penggunaan “Used to” adalah setelah kata ini harus diikuti oleh “Verb 1″.
Perhatikan contoh berikut.

 I used to smoke a packet a day but I stopped two years ago.


 Ben used to travel a lot in his job but now, since his promotion, he doesn’t.
 I used to drive to work but now I take the bus.
 I didn’t used to go by car to school.
 Did you use to swim regularly when you was a child?

Kita juga bisa memakainya untuk sesuatu yang dulunya benar, namun tidak bertahan lama.

 There used to be a cinema in the town but now there isn’t.


 She used to have really long hair but she’s had it all cut off.
 I didn’t use to like him but now I do.
Memahami : Used to, Be Used to, Get Used to, Be Accustomed to

Sekarang mari kita bahas lebih jauh tentang penggunaan “Used to”, “be Used to”, “Get used
to” dan “be Accustomed to”.

Dalam bahasa Inggris biasanya menggunakan “used to”. Namun anda juga harus bisa
membedakan penggunaan “used to, be used to”, dan “get used to”. Silahkan anda simak
penjelasan berikut.

Used to

Used to di gunakan untuk menunjukan :

 Sesuatu yang kerap dan pernah terjadi di masa lampau atau kebenaran masa silam.
Namun sekarang tidak pernah lagi dilakukan.

Contoh:

 Dewi used to live in Malang.


 My sister used to exercise every Sunday morning, but since she had that traffic
accident she doesn’t exercise anymore.
 Why don’t you come and see me like you used to?

Bentuk penggunaan used to

Dalam bentuk kalimat interrogative, affirmative and negative penggunaan used to sebagai
berikut:

 Did you use to read novels every month?


 Yes, I used to read them at my bedroom before sleeping.
 No, I didn’t use to read detective novels.
 No, I never used to read detective novel.

Used to, be Used to, Get Used to dan be Accustomed to

1. Used to digunakan untuk mengukapkan sesuatu yang kerap terjadi di masa lampau.

2. Be used to digunakan untuk mengunkapkan sesuatu yang normal maupun sesuatu yang
tidak bisasnya. Be use to akan di ikuti oleh Verb-ing (living, driving, getteing etc)

Contoh:

 I‘m used to living alone.


 Don’t worry, Andi is used to driving for long hours. He has worked as a taxi driver
for years.

3. Get used digunakan untuk mengungkapkan sesuatu dalam proses menjadi normal, atau kini
menjadi biasa.

Contoh:

 He doesn’t like that big town, but he‘ll get used to it.
 She found the heels is too risk, but she got used to them.
 I got used to working as a team in a big company.

4. Be Accustomed to juga digunakan untuk mengungkapan menjadi kebiasaan saat ini.


Contoh :

 The program director is accustomed to writing his own papers.


 George is accustomed to eating at 7.00 P.M. (is accustomed to = biasanya).
 We is accustomed to cooking our own food when we had to live alone.

Catatan : Be used to, get used to dan be accustomed to harus diikuti oleh unsur a noun
(kata benda) or a gerund (verbal noun).

Contoh :

 She’s used to the horror film.


 I get used to the steak in the restaurant.
 She’s accustomed to soft drink.

 He’s used to working in a team.


 I got used to jogging at early morning.
 We are accustomed to working late.

2. INVITATION AND OFFERING

dalam SKL listening bahasa Inggris ada indikator soal yang memuat tentang language
expressions yang akan dijadikan soal dalam ujian nasional yaitu “expression of invitation and
offering”. Marilah kita bahas beberapa language expressions tersebut.

Invitation, atau undangan kerap diucapkan ketika kita mengundang seseorang untuk datang
atau hadir dalam acara seperti makan siang, makan malam, pesta ulang tahun, baik secara
formal maupun informal. Berikut beberapa language expresions used for invitations dalam
bahasa Inggris.

Invitation expressions

 Could you come to my party ?


 Would you mind coming over on Saturday night ?
 Would you like to come to my birthday party on…… ?
 How about going out for lunch to gather this afternoon ?
 I’d like you to….. ?
 Can you…… ?
 How would you like to….. ?
 Would you like to come to my place for dinner tonight, please ?
 Why don’t you join me for lunch/ dinner ?
 I’d like to invite you to see our school/factory/office/ while you’re in Bali/etc?
 Would you come with me to the cinema tomorrow ?

Berikut beberapa language expressions digunakan untuk Offering, Accepting offering


dan Declining offering.

 Here. Have a Cooke.


 Would you like some pie?
 How about a glass of soft-drink?
 What will you have (to drink)?
 Would you like some mote cake?
 Can I get you some milk or something?
 Would you like a cup of coffee, Mrs. Maia.
 Should I get you a bottle of water?
 Could I offer you a glas of lemonade, Miss. Nora?
 Would you care for some salad, Sir?
 For informal ones you can say offering as follows:
 Want some?
 Have some?
 Chocolate?
 Grab some for yourself?
 What will you have?
 What can I get for you?
 Would you like to have a pancake?

Accepting offers

 Thanks
 Yes, please
 I like it very much
 That would be nice.
 Orange juice will be fine.
 Sure. It’s really good.
 Did you bake it yourself?
 Well, a glass of water would be okay.

Declining an offer

 No, thanks
 No, I really won’t. Thank you.
 No thank you. It looks delicious though.
 Not for me, thanks.
 No, thanks. I’m not hungry.
 Thanks, but I don’t drink (alcohol).

3. GIVING SUGGESTION

Dalam SKL Listening Part 2 : Question and Responses akan kita jumpai materi yang
berkaitan dengan Giving Suggestion/Advice dan Giving Opinion. Materi ini semestinya telah
anda pelajari dengan baik di kelas XI, untuk itu akan kita review kembali. Untuk itu, silahkan
anda pelajari dengan baik ungkapan-ungkapan yang berkaitan dengan Giving Suggestion dan
Openion berikut.

Giving Suggestion (Memberikan Saran)

Berikut beberapa language expression yang berkaitan dengan Giving Suggestion


(memberikan saran)

Common Giving Suggestions Common answers


 Shall we……Why don’t we……..  Yes, let’s …..
 Perhaps we should…….  That’s a good idea!
 You could always………  What a brilliant idea!
 Let’s…….  Why not?
leave the message.(V -
 Why not ……  Suit me, thanks.
1)
 You may/might want to……  Good idea
 Maybe we should …….  OK.
 What if you …….
 Shouldn’t you…….
 You should……  No, I haven’t yet
 If I were you, I would …….

 How about/What about


 Have you ever thought of leaving the message.(
 Try V-ing)

For example :

A : I feel boring this weekend. B : What about going to the movie?

A : I’m really exhausted with my work. B : Why don’t you take a rest?

A : I make a bad mistake with my classmate. B : You ought to apologize.

A : The day is raining all day long. B : If were you, I would stay at home

4. Expressing Opinions

Berikut beberapa ungkapan yang berkaitan dengan Expressing Opinions

Starting opinion How something affects you

 The reason why …  In my opinion….


 Because …  From my point of view, ….
 Well, personally, …
Personal Opinion  If I had my way, ….
 What I’m more concerned with is…
 In my opinion, …  In my case …
 I personally believe …
 I personally think … Correcting Yourself
 Not everyone agree with me, but …
 To my mind …  What I mean is …
 I don’t think I care for it.  What I mean was …
 I think it’s good/nice. terrific …  Let me put it another way,..
 I think that…  What I’m saying is
 What I have in my mind …  What I’m trying to say is …
 The way I see it is that ….  If I said that, I didn’t mean to …
 Let me rephrase what I said….
Continuing

 Because of that …
 That’s why …
 That’s the reason why …
 For this reason …

5. ASKING AND GIVING DIRECTION

Dalam SKL UN bahasa Inggris juga akan kita temui beberapa ungkapan bahasa Inggris yang
berkeaitan dengan Asking and Giving Directions. Untuk itu anda harus mempelajari dengan
baik beberapa ungkapan yang kerap digunakan
Here is some useful vocabulary for asking directions in English.

Asking for directions

 Could you show me the way to?


 How do I get to …?
 What’s the best way to …?
 What’s the quickest way of getting to your office?
 Where is the way to …?
 Where are you exactly?
 Can you tell me the best way of getting to your office?
 Could you tell me the way to ….?
 Could you direct me to the…?
 Can you direct me the way to….?
 Please tell me how I can get to….
 Which way is it to…..?
 I need direction to get to….
 I’d like to go to…
 Is this the way to…

Some Phrases to Show Direction

 Go straight on (until you come to …).


 Turn back./Go back.
 Turn left/right (into …-street).
 Go along ….
 Cross …
 signpost
 Opposite
 Near
 Between
 Next to …
 at the end (of)
 on/at the corner (of)
 across from
 traffic lights
 behind
 in front of, in back of, in the middle of
 Take the first/second road on the left/right
 It’s on the left/right.. / (to) (on) the right/left of
 (Just) around the corner

Getting information for directions

 “Will you be coming by car or by train?”


 “It’s much easier if you take the train.”
 “Which hotel are you staying at?”

Giving directions in English

 “We’re not far from…” or “We’re quite close to…”


 “It’s about a mile / kilometre / two blocks from…”
 “We’re opposite / next to / in front of / across the road from / round the corner from the
supermarket.”
 “Follow the signs to …”
 “There’s a one-way system in the centre of town.”
 “Go straight on / left / right at the lights / at the roundabout /at the junction of … and …”
 “Go past the mall.”
 “You’ll come to / see …”
 “It’s the first turning on the right after the bank.”
 “You’ll see a large sign / roundabout.”
 “On your left you’ll see an industrial centre / a hospital / the police station.”
 “Just after the level crossing / shopping centre (or mall).”
 “Go past the petrol station / the garage.”
6. AGEEING AND DISAGREEING

Agreeing dan Disagreeing, atau Agreement dan Disagreement adalah ungkapan untuk
menyatakan persetujuan dan ketidaksetujuan. Dalam indikator SKL ujian nasional SMK
materi ini senantiasa hadir setiap tahun sebagai salah satu soal pertanyaan dalam soal UN.
Untuk itu mempelajari unkapan Agreeing dan Disagreeing menjadi sangat penting pagi siswa
yang mau belajar terutam persiapan menjelang UN Bahasa Inggris. Mari anda simak table.

Agreeing Disagreeing

 I agree that/ with you  I disagree with you….


 I couldn’t agree more  I couldn’t disagree more.
 I got along with that  I couldn’t disagree less.
 Yes I know exactly what I mean.  I don’t get along with that..
 Yes that sounds like me.  I agree with you, but …
 I thought so  I don’t see it quite like that.
 I suppose you’re right  I’m not sure,
 Just always I’ve always thought.  I don’t believe it
 Absolutely  No, definitely not!
 Yes, definitely  I don’t think that’s very fair.
 You are absolutely right  I don’t think so
 Are you pulling my leg?
 Yes, but don’t you think …
 Yes, but on the other hand …

Demand explanation Right or Wrong

 Can you explain why …  Correct!


 Do you mean to say …  That’s correct / (very) true
 I don’t understand why …  That’s absolutely right…
 Why is it that …  Right … / OK…
 How come …  Exactly …
 Does this mean …  I agree that/ with you
 Yes I know exactly what I mean.

Wrong

 No I’m afraid not …


 Not quite … You’re close
 I don’t know… / I’m not sure….
 I don’t think so…
7. TALKING ABOUT RESERVATION

Dalam SKL Ujian Nasional, materi yang perlu anda pelajari adalah Talking About
Reservation. Reservation bisa terjadi pada konteks pemesanan kamar hotel, tiket perjalanan,
dan restaurant. Berikut beberapa ungkapan penting dalam Reservations. Coba anda pelajari
dengan baik.

Expressions for Hotel Reservation

Front Desk Receptionist

 Purwosani Hotels, Tina speaking. How can I help you?


 How long will you be staying?
 May I have your name / What name is it for, please?
 Do you offer free breakfast?
 Is there a restaurant in the hotel?
 Do the rooms have refrigerators?
 Do you do group bookings?
 Is there an outdoor pool?
 Do you have any cheaper rooms?
 Can I reserve a table for three?
 Can I book a train seat for tomorrow afternoon?
 We would like it for two days starting from … ( Monday, 10th June, etc.)
 How much is it per day ?
 How much do you charge per day ?
 Please fill this form first
 How many adults will be in the room?
 When is it for?
 How many nights do you want the room for?
 How long will you stay?
 I am afraid we are full.
 I am so sorry we don’t have vacancies for tonight.
 I’m afraid we are booked that weekend.
 There are only a few vacancies left.
 We advise that you book in advance during peak season.
 Do you want a smoking or non-smoking room?
 The dining room is open from 4 pm until 10 pm.
 We have an indoor swimming pool and sauna.
 We serve a continental breakfast.
 Cable television is included, but the movie channel is extra.
 The rate I can give you is 99.54 with tax.

Guest

 I’d like to make a reservation for next week.


 Is it necessary to book ahead?
 Do you charge extra for two beds?
 I’d like to make a reservation for next week.
 Is it necessary to book ahead?
 Do you charge extra for two beds?
 How much is it for a cot?
 Do you offer free breakfast?
 Is there a restaurant in the hotel?
 Do the rooms have refrigerators?
 Do you do group bookings?
 Is there an outdoor pool?
 Do you have any cheaper rooms?
 Can I reserve a table for three?
 Can I book a train seat for tomorrow afternoon?
 We would like it for two days starting from … ( Monday, 10th June, etc.)
 How much is it per day ?
 How much do you charge per day ?

Expressions for Ticket and Restaurant Reservation

Customer

 Good morning. I want to book a ticket to Singapore


 Could I make a reservation for my travelling/ trip/ travelling to London?
 I would like to reserve a, single ticket (return ticket) to Sydney. Business class, please.
 May I book a table for next Monday?
 It’s for … ( tonight, next Wednesday )
 OK. Thank you. I’ll drop by in an hour and pick up the ticket.
 Please. How much is the fare?
 How much should I pay the tickets?
 Do you take a cridit card.

Front Desk Clerk

 What Can I do for you, Sir?


 May I help you, Madam?
 Good morning, madam. When do you want to travel?
And by which class, executive or business?
 Yes. Tickets are available. Shall I block your ticket?
 When will you take for the table, Sir?
 Just a minute ……. That will be Rs.24,000, madam
 Thank you. Have a nice travelling with me.
 What date are you looking for?
 Yes, we require a credit card number for a deposit.

8. QUESTION TAQ

Question Tag adalah pertanyaan pendek yang ada di akhir kalimat. Dalam bahasa Indonesia,
mungkin bisa kita terjemahkan kata “kan?” atau “bukan?”

Question tag dalam bahasa Inggris, meliuputi :

 Positive Statement
 Negative Statement
 Imperative Statement

1. Positive Statement

Rumus:

(+) statement, (-) tag?

a. Dengan Kata Bantu (Auxiliary)


Contoh:

 You are the new secretary, aren’t you? (bukan are not you?)
 George can swim well, can’t he?
 I am going to go to the cinema with you, aren’t I? (bukan amn’t I)
 Susie has phoned you, hasn’t she?

Catatan penting:

 Jika kita dapat melihat adanya kata Bantu (is, am, are, was, were, do, does, did, has,
have, had, will, would, can, could, shall, should, may, might, atau must), maka
gunakan saja kata Bantu tersebut sebagai tagnya.
 Tag negative harus dibentuk dengan singkatan. Pengguaan not yang terpisah dari kata
bantunya tidak umum dalam Question tag.
 Jika subjek kalimatnya I, dan kata bantunya am, maka tagnya adalah aren’t I? bukan
“amn’t I” sebab penyingkatan ini tidak standard dalam bahasa Inggris.
 Berhati-hatilah dengan penyingkatan kata Bantu. Perhatikan contoh kalimat-kalimat
berikut ini:

 She’s afraid to stay alone, isn’t she?


 She’s called the police, hasn’t she?

Pada kalimat pertama, she’s = she is, sebab diikuti oleh kata sifat, sedangkan pada kalimat
kedua she’s = she has, sebab diikuti oleh kata kerja bentuk ke-3 (Present Perfect Tense)

b. Tanpa Kata Bantu (Auxiliary)

Contoh:

 They invited you to their party, didn’t they?


 She read the novel, didn’t she?
 She reads the novel, doesn’t she?
 Somebody knocked at the door, didn’t they?
 You think I will be fired, don’t you?
 I believe you will pass the exam, won’t you?

Catatan penting:

 Jika tidak ada auxiliary (kata Bantu) di dalam kalimat statement-nya, maka gunakan
do, does, atau did, tergantung dari tenses-nya.
 Berhati-hati dengan kata kerja Irregular Verbs, terutama yang memiliki bentuk yang
sama seperti contoh kalimat no. 2 dan 3 di atas.
 Somebody/someone, anybody/anyone, everybody/everyone, these/those dianggap
menjadi “they” dalam tagnya.
 Something, anything, everything, this/that dianggap menjadi “it” dalam tagnya.
 Jika statement-nya terdiri dari induk dan anak kalimat, maka tag-nya diambil dari
induk kalimatnya (contoh kalimat ke-5), kecuali jika induk kalimatnya dimulai
dengan I, maka tag-nya diambil dari anak kalimatnya (contoh kalimat ke-6). Hal ini
sangat masuk akal kita, kan tidak lucu kalau kita bertanya pada diri kita sendiri. (Saya
percaya kamu akan lulus ujian, ya kan? – tetapi ya kan-nya ditujukan pada diri
sendiri)

2. Negative Statement
Negative statement jauh lebih mudah dibandingkan dengan positive statement karena kita
sudah melihat adanya kata Bantu di dalam statement-nya. Kita tinggal memindahkan kata
Bantu tersebut ke dalam tagnya.

Negative statement biasanya sering dipakai untuk meminta tolong atau meminta informasi
tentang sesuatu/seseorang.

Rumus:

(-) Statement, (+) tag

Contoh:

 There isn’t any news, is there?


 My parents won’t go to Bali with you, will they?
 Nobody wants to go with you, do they?
 Everybody does not bring their homework, do they?
 You never come to her dormitory, do you?

Catatan penting:

 Nobody, nothing dianggap negative


 Nobody dianggap menjadi they dalam tagnya dan nothing dianggap menjadi it dalam
tagnya.
 Hati-hati jangan sampai terlena dengan kata Bantu yang nampak dalam statement-
nya. Perhatikan contoh kalimat no. 3 dan 4. Kata kerjanya seolah-olah adalah tunggal
dan seharusnya menggunakan does, namun mengapa tag-nya menggunakan do?
Sebab nobody dan everybody dianggap they dalam tag-nya.
 Never, seldom, barely, little, few, dll dianggap negative (contoh kalimat no. 5)
 Namun ingat, a few, dan a little dianggap positive.

3. Imperative Statement

Imperative statement biasanya digunakan untuk meminta dan menyuruh orang lain untuk
mengerjakan sesuatu. Ada juga yang berfungsi untuk melarang dan mengajak orang lain.

Tag yang digunakan adalah:

 Will you, won’t you, would you, could you, can you, dll yang sejenis. Penggunaannya
tergantung dari situasi kalimatnya dan tingkat kesopanan statement yang disampaikan.
Misalnya kalau meminta orang lain untuk mengerjakan sesuatu, lebih baik gunakan
would you atau sejenisnya, dan menyuruh seseorang dengan nada marah, maka can
you akan lebih cocok digunakan daripada would you.
 Sedangkan untuk let’s, tag yang digunakan adalah shall we?

Contoh:

 Sit down, would you?


 Let’s do it again, shall we?
 Don’t disturb me, can’t you?
Catatan penting:

Penggunaan tag di atas sama penggunaanya dan dapat digantikan dengan please.

Contoh:

 Sit down, please?


 Let’s do it again, please?
 Don’t disturb me, please?

Ellipsis Question Tag

Berhati-hatilah dengan penggunaan Question tag, khususnya jika kita tidak dapat melihat
adanya subjek kalimat dalam statement-nya. Untuk itu, kita perlu memahami dan mencermati
bahwa subjek kalimat statement-nya sebenarnya ada, namun hilang (ellipsis). Perhatikan
contoh kalimat-kalimat berikut ini:

 Nice day, isn’t it?


 Difficult, aren’t they?
 Talking about me, aren’t you?
 Fine, aren’t you?

9. Preposition

Prepositions adalah kata depan atau preposisi yang letaknya selalu di depan noun (nomina)
atau pronoun (pronomina), dan digunakan untuk menjelaskan hubungan antar kata dalam
kalimat. Preposisi tidak dapat diikuti verba. Tetapi jika akan menggunakan verba sebagai
preposisi, maka verba tersebut harus menggunakan bentuk -ing (gerund). Dan nomina atau
pronomina yang mengikuti preposisi di sebut objek preposisi.

Berikut ini adalah preposisi yang sering digunakan:


about, above, across, after, against, along, amid, around, as, at, before, behind, below,
beneath, beside, between, beyond, but, by, despite, down, during, except, for, from, in, inside,
into, like, near, of, off, on, onto, opposite, out, outside, over, past, since, through, toward,
under, underneath, until, upon, with, within.

Contoh penggunaan preposisi dalam kalimat:


- She knew a lot about food.
– Z comes after Y in the alphabet.
- Don’t come near me.
- He set the tray upon the table.
- The town has been under attack by rebel groups for a week now.

Dalam kalimat, preposisi dapat berfungsi sebagai prepositions of time (preposisi waktu),
prepositions of place (preposisi tempat), dan prepositions of movement (preposisi
pergerakan).

Prepostion of Place

Prepositions of place adalah kata depan atau preposisi yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan
suatu letak, tempat atau posisi suatu nomina. Preposisi yang sering dipakai adalah at, in, dan
on.
Prepositions of place (at, in, on):
– at untuk menunjukkan posisi, letak, alamat yang jelas (point)
– in untuk menunjukkan tempat (dalam ruang), nama kota, negara dsb. (enclosed space)
– on untuk menunjukkan tempat di atas permukaan atau nama jalan (surface)

at (point): at the corner, at the door, at the the top of the page, at the entrance, at the
crossroads, at 123 Majapahit Road in Surabaya etc.

in (enclosed space): in Surabaya, in the garden, in a box, in my pocket, in a building etc.

on (surface): on the wall, on the door, on the cover, on the menu, on a page, on Majapahit
Road etc.

Contoh prepositions of place dalam kalimat:


- Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop.
– My plane stopped at Dubai and Hanoi and arrived in Bangkok two hours late.
- When will you arrive at the office?
- Do you work in an office?
- I have a meeting in New York.
- The author’s name is on the cover of the book.
- There are no prices on this menu.
- I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London.

Berikut di bawah ini frase preposisi at, in, on yang menunjukkan lokasi (prepositions of
locations) yang sering digunakan.
at: at home, at work, at school, at university, at the top, at reception, at class, at the office
etc.
in: in a car, in a lift, in the newspaper, in the sky, in a row, in Oxford street, in bed, in the
bedroom, in (the) class, in the library etc.
on: on a bus, on a train, on a bicycle, on a horse, on the radio, on television, on the left, on
the way, on the plane etc.

Preposition of Time

Prepositions of time adalah kata depan atau preposisi yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan
waktu. Preposisi yang sering dipakai adalah at, in, dan on.

Prepositions of time (at, in, on):


– at untuk menunjukkan waktu tertentu yang pasti atau tepat (precise time), misalnya: at 3
0’clock, at 10.30 am, at sunset, at noon, at the moment etc.
– in untuk menyatakan bulan, tahun, abad, atau satuan waktu yang panjang (months, years,
centuries, and long periods), misalnya: in June, in summer, in 1998, in the past/future, in the
Dark Age etc.
– on untuk hari dan tanggal (days and dates), misalnya: on Sunday, on Friday, on 30 April,
on Independence Day, on her birthday etc.

Contoh prepositions of time dalam kalimat:


- I have a meeting at 9 am.
- The shop closes at midnight.
- There should be a lot of progress in the next century.
- Do you work on Mondays?
- Her birthday is on 30 April.

Berikut ini frase preposisi at, in, on yang sering digunakan.


at: at night, at the weekend, at the same time, at present, at Christmas, at Lebaran.
in: in the morning, in the mornings, in the afternoon(s), in the evening(s).
on: on Tuesday morning, on Saturday mornings, on Sunday afternoons, on Monday evening.

At, in, on tidak digunakan bersama dengan last, next, every, dan this.
– I went to Jakarta last April. (bukan in last April)
– He’s coming back next Friday. (bukan on next Friday)
– I go home every Lebaran. (bukan at every Lebaran)
– We’ll call you this morning. (bukan in this morning)

Selain preposisi at, in, dan on, preposisi for dan since juga digunakan untuk menunjukkan
jangka waktu tertentu.

Prepositions of time (for and since):


– for untuk menyatakan ukuran waktu atau seberapa lama suatu aktivitas dilakukan
– since dipakai untuk ukuran waktu yang menyatakan sejak kapan suatu aktivitas dilakukan.

Contoh preposisi for dan since dalam kalimat:


- He held his breath for seven minutes.
– She’s lived there for seven years.
- He’s worked here since 1970.
- She’s been sitting in the waiting room since two-thirty.

Preposition of Movement

Prepositions of movement adalah kata depan atau preposisi yang dipakai untuk menunjukkan
suatu aktivitas atau gerakan yang mengarah pada suatu benda atau tempat. Kata depan yang
biasa digunakan adalah to dan towards atau toward.

Contoh:
- They were driving to work together.
– She’s going to the dentist’s office this morning.
- We’re moving towards the light.
- This is a big step towards the project’s completion.

Preposisi tidak digunakan pada home, downtown, uptown, inside, outside, downstairs,
upstairs. Kata-kata ini biasa disebut dengan istilah no preposition.
- I walked upstairs and unlocked my front door.
– Grandpa went home.
- They both went outside.

10. GERUND

Gerunds (verbal nouns). Gerund adalah kata kerja yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda. Apa
ciri khas Gerund? Gerund akan berbentuk Verb + Ing. Sebagai contoh : go menjadi going,
visit menjadi visiting, dive menjadi diving dan seterusnya. Dalam bahasa Inggris ada
beberapa jenis gerund. Silahkan anda simak materi berikut :

1. Gerund as subject. Subject atau subyek sebuah kalimat dapat berbentuk kata kerja,
maka jika subject berbentuk kata kerja harus berubah dalam gerund.

For example:

 Swimming is my interest lately.


 Smoking is dangerous for human healthy.
 Having a trip to Bali is very exciting
2. Gerund as Object : Bila objek kalimat dalam bentuk kata kerja, maka harus dalam
bentuk benda dalam hal ini berbentuk Gerund.

For example:

 We have delayed staying longer in this hotel.


 She will enjoy seeing the reality show on TV program.

The verbs that must be followed by gerund are: appreciate, admit, avoid, consider, delay,
like, discuss, enjoy, finish, mind, miss, postpone, quit, risk, regret, suggest.

3. Gerund as Object of Preposition. Bila ada preposisi dan diikuti kata kerja maka kata
kerjanya harus berbentuk benda atau Gerund.

For example:

 The committee will talk about solving the recent problem.


 Their preparation for traveling abroad is ready.
 After listening the radio, he started to eat dinner.

Preposition in English such as : about, after, at, before, by, during, for, in, of, on , with,
without etc.

4. Gerund as Predicative complement. Jika object complement dalam bentuk kata


kerja maka berbentuk Gerund.

For example:

 My main interest is seeing the art gallery.


 His hobby is fishing on the sea.

5. Prefer ing form to ing form : Bila kalimat prefer diikuti kata kerja maka juga harus
berbentuk Gerund

For example:

 I prefer going to the cinema to watching TV programs.


 She prefers dancing with me.

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