Randy P.

Gubaton
MNHS

Each question is copied verbatim from the test paper to preserve the originality of the item.
For the purpose of study, some questions are rephrased with the author’s comment in Note or COMMENT.

Trial Version

The accuracy of the answer in selected solutions (with Note)

is verified using The Geometer’s Sketchpad v. 3.10N and 4.06

1
 MTAP 2012 – Math 4
Detailed Solution
Randy P. Gubaton
Maloco NHS

Solve each item on scratch paper and write the answer on the blank. Give equation of
lines as ax  by  c  0 .

1. definition of function 2. domain, linear function

Which of the following is/are not What is the domain of y = 4 – 4x?
functions?
a. y = 5x – 3 b. y = x2 – 3x + 4 Solution:
c. x = y2 – 3y + 2
The domain is all permissible values of x.
Solution:
We can assign any real number as x and
a] is a linear a function. It takes the get a unique number y as a result.
form of the line ax  by  c  0 .
 The domain is R (all real numbers).
b] is a quadratic function. It takes the
general form ax 2  bx  c  0 . 3. range of linear equation
What is the range of y = 8x – 3?
c] is a quadratic relation. It is not a
function. Its graph is a parabola that opens Solution:
to the right. It fails as a function by the
vertical test. The range is the set of all resulting values
of y when x is used in a function.
d] is a radical function. Its graph is in
QI. In the equation y  8x  3 , when x is
assigned any real number, y gives a unique
Answer: a, b, and d. real number.

if n is an even integer, g ( x)  0 .  The range is R (all real numbers).

2x  3  0 4. composition of function
2x  3
If f(x) = 4x – 3 and g(x) = 4 x  1 , what
x 3
2 is (fog)(6)?

 The domain is x  32 . Solution:

2
Evaluate  f  g 6 given f x   4 x  3
y  y1  mx  x1 
and g  x   4x  1 .
y  5  3
5
x  3
 f  g 6  f g 6  3x  9 
5 y  5   5
 5 
Since 5 y  25  3x  9
3x  5 y  25  9  0
g 6   46   1  24  1  25  5
3x  5 y  34  0
therefore
6. form y = mx + b
f g 6  f 5  45  3  20  3  17 Write 7x – 3y = 21 in the form y = mx + b.

5. equation of line, parallel Solution:

Write an equation of the line through (3,– 7 x  3 y  21
5) and the parallel to the line 3x – 5y – 12
= 0. 7 x  21  3 y
y  73 x  21
3
Solution:
y  73 x  7
Since the required line is parallel to the
given line, their slopes are equal. Finding 7. distance between two points
the slope of the given line by rewriting it Find the length of the line segment joining
to the slope-intercept form of the line P( -7,8) & Q(5,-1).
y  mx  b .
Solution:
3 x  5 y  12  0
3 x  12  5 y The distance d between two points is
3
x  125  y
5
d x2  x1 2   y 2  y1 2
Since the resulting equation is of the form   7  52  8  12
y  mx  b where m is the slope, we can
easily see that m  53 .   12 2  92  81  144
 225  15 units
With point (3, –5) and slope m  53 , using
the point-slope form of the line, 8. inequality, absolute
Solve for x: |2x + 3| ≤ 9.

3
Solution: Rewrite into the standard form
E  b is equivalent to  b  E  b . y  ax  h   k by completing the
2

square.
Rewrite 2 x  3  9 in this form and solve y  2x 2  4x  3
for x.  
 2x 2  4x  3

2x  3  9  2x  2 x   3
2

 9  2x  3  9  2

 2 x 2  2 x   22   3  2 22 
2

 9  3  2x  3  3  9  3 
 2 x 2  2x  1  3  2 
 12  2 x  6 y  2x  1  5
2

6 x 3
11. vertex of parabola
9. y-intercept, parabola What is the vertex of the graph of y = 2x2 +
If y = x – 6x + c and the graph of the
2
4x – 3?
function passes through A(2,3), what is the
value of c? Solution:

Solution: Find the axis of symmetry first.

The parabola contains the point A(2, 3). b 4 4

x     1
Substitute these values to the given 2a 22 4
equation.
Substitute the result to the original
y  x 2  6x  c equation.
3  2 2  62   c
3  4  12  c y  2x 2  4x  3
 2 1  4 1  3
2
3  8  c
38c 243
11  c  5

10. standard form, quadratic  The vertex h, k    1,  5 .

Write y = 2x2 + 4x – 3 is the form y = a(x
– h)2 + k. 12. roots, quadratic
Solve for the roots of 2x2 – 9x – 5 = 0.
Solution:
Solution:

By factoring,
4
 2 x 2  9 x  5  2 x  1x  5  The y-intercept b is –2.
2x  1  0
x5  0 15. odd/even function
2 x  1
x5 Evaluate f(x)= 2x4 + 2x2 + 5 at x =  2.
x   12
From the result, can you say what kind of
function it is?
 The roots are  12 , 5.
Solution:
13. quadratic equation, given roots
Evaluate f 2 and f  2 .
Find a quadratic equation with integral
coefficient whose roots are 4 and –5/6.
 If f 2 ,
Solution:
f x   2 x 4  2 x 2  5
x   56 f 2  22   22   5
4 2
x4
6 x  5  216   24  5
x40
6x  5  0  32  8  5
Set the values as factors in an equation and  45
expand.
x  46 x  5  0  If f  2 ,

6 x 2  24 x  5 x  20  0
f x   2 x 4  2 x 2  5
6 x  19 x  20  0
2
f  2  2 2  2 2  5
4 2

14. y-intercept of line  216   24  5

What is the y-intercept of 2x – 3y = 6?  32  8  5
 45
Solution:
Since f x   f  x  , the function is even.
b is the y-intercept of the line y  mx  b .
16. synthetic division
Rewrite the given equation in the above
form. If the polynomial P(x) = x3 – 3x2 – x + 3 is
2x  3y  6 written in the form P(x) = Q(x)D(x)+R(x),
if D(x) = x+1, what is Q(x)?
2x  6  3y
2
3
x  63  y Solution:
2
3
x2 y

5
Dx   x  1 takes the general form  
f x   x  2 x  2 x  2 x  1 
Dx   x  r . It follows that f x   x  x  4 x  2 x  4
4 3 2

 r  1  r  1 Note: Answer Key says

Use this as divisor to Px  by synthetic

 
f x   x  2 x 2  2 x  1 .

division.
19. perfect square polynomial
 1 1  3 1 3 What polynomial of lowest degree must be
multiplied to 2x3 – 5x2 – 4x + 12 to make it
1 4 3
perfect square?
1 4 3 0
Solution:
 Qx   x  4 x  3 .
2
A polynomial is a perfect square
polynomials if its extreme terms, when
17. remainder theorem arranged, are perfect squares.
What is the remainder when 5x4 + 3x3 –
4x2 + 5x – 3 is divided by x + 1? The leftmost term is 2x 3 . The lowest
perfect term to it is 4x 4 . Finding the
Solution:
quotient of the two values,
 1 5 3 4 5 3
4x 4
5 2 2 7  2x
2x 3
5  2  2 7  10
The rightmost term is 12. Its nearest
 The remainder is –10. perfect square multiple is 36. Finding the
quotient of the two values,
18. equation, polynomial function
36
Find a polynomial function with integral 3
coefficients and of lowest degree whose 12
roots are -2, 2, 1.
The required factor is the sum of the two
Solution: values above.

The roots are  The factor is 2x  3 .

x1  2 x2  2 x3   2 x4  1

Setting this up in an equation,

6
20. simplifying exponential expr. Solution:
Simplify and express as a product of
By synthetic division,
powers (integral or fractional) of primes:
(24)1/4(32)(15)2/3
1 1  2 1 2
Solution: 1 1  2
 1 1 1  2 0
24 1 / 4   1 1 1
32 15  8  3 8  4 3  5 1 2
2/3
4 2 2

 3 1  1  3 1  2 1    2   2   2 1 2

  2  4   3 4  2  2   2  2   3 3   5  3   2
   
    1 0
3 3 2 1 2 2
 24  22  22  34  33 53
 The roots are –1, 1 and 2.
3 6 4 3 8 2
 24  24  24 3 12 3 12 53
23. simplifying exponential expr.
13 11 2
 24  3 12 53 Simplify (32)2/5.

21. quadratic equation Solution:

For what value of k will x–5 be a factor of 2

2
kx3 – 17x2 – 4kx + 5? 32  2/5
 32 5  2
5 
5  22  4

Solution: 24. domain, exponential function

x 5  x 5 What is the domain of the function f(x) =
2x+2?
By factor theorem,
Solution:
kx 3  17 x 2  4kx  5  0
k 5  175  4k 5  5  0
3 2 Test several values of x.

125 k  425  20 k  5  0 If x  3 ,
105 k  420  0 2 x  2  2 3 2  2 1  1
2
105 k  420
k 4 If x  2 ,
2 x2  2 22  2 0  1
22. roots, polynomial equation
Find the roots of x3 – 2x2 – x + 2 = 0. If x  0 ,
2 x  2  2 0 2  2 2  4
7
If x  1 , If x  4 ,
2 x2
2 1 2
2 83
2 43  21  2

5
4

-5 5 5

The graph shows the values of x are The graph shows the values of y are
continuous from negative infinity to continuous from above the x-axis to
positive infinity  ,   . positive infinity.

 The domain is R, or the set of all real  The range is y  0 .

numbers.
26. inverse of linear function
25. range, exponential function What is the inverse of f(x) = 5 – 3x?
What is the range of the function
f(x) = 2x–3? Solution:

1
Solution: Let y  f ( x) .

Test several values of x. Interchange y to x and solve for y.

If x  1 , f ( x)  5  3x x  5  3y
x 3 13 4 1 1
2 2 2  4   3y  x  5
2 16
y  5  3x x5
y
If x  0 ,  3
1 1 x  5  3y y   3 x  53
1

2 x 3  2 0 3  2  3  
23 8
1
f ( x )   13 x  53 .
If x  3 ,
2 33  2 0  1
8
27. domain, logarithm 30. exponential equation
What is the domain of y = logbx? Solve for x: 92x + 3 = 27x + 4.

Solution: Solution:
9 2 x 3  27 x  4
In exponential form,
3 2  2 x  3   3 3 x  4 
by  x 22 x  3  3x  4
4 x  6  3x  12
We cannot find a number x where x  0 . It x6
is always more than 0.
31. exponential
 The domain is x  0 .
The half-life of a radioactive substance is
28. exponential form 75 years. How much of a 100-g of the
substance remains after 300 years?
Write in the exponential form: log(0.001)
= -3 Solution:
Solution: t
 1  75
y  100 
In common logarithm, the base is 10, not 2
usually written.
After 300 years,
log 0.001  3
log 10 0.001  3 t 300
4
 1  75  1  75 1
10 3
 0.001 y  100   100   100 
2 2 2
29. exponential decay 1
 100   6.25
The price of a car depreciates at the rate of  16 
8% per year. Give the formula that will
give the value of a car that cost P600,000  6.25 grams remains after 300 years.
at the end of three years.
32. logarithmic expression
Solution: Simplify and express in terms of the
logarithms of the individual variables:
P t   A1  r 
t
logb[a(3mn) / p2]
P 3  600,000 1  0.08 
3

Solution:
P 3  600,000 0.92 
3

9
   
log b a 3 mn / p 2 log 3 x  2x  4  3
 1
 33  x  2x  4
 amn  3 
 log b 27  x 2  4 x  2 x  8
 p2 
  27  x 2  2 x  8
 
 log b amn  3   log b P 2
1
0  x 2  2 x  35
 
0  x  5x  7 
 log b a  3 log b m  log b n  2 log b P
1
x5  0 x70
x5 x  7
Note: Answer Key says
log b a  13 log b m  log b n Check each value of x.

33. logarithmic expression If x  5 , the result is true.

Express as single logarithm: 2log(x – 3) +
log(x+1) – log(x + 3) log 3 5  2  log 3 5  4  3
log 3 3  log 3 9  3
Solution:
log 3 31  log 3 3 2  3
2 log x  3  log  x  1  log  x  3
1 2  3
 log  x  3  log x  1  log x  3
2
33
 log
x  3x `1
x3 If, the result is false.

34. logarithmic equation log 3  7  2   log 3  7  4   3

Solve for x: log3(x – 2) + log3(x + 4) = 3. log 3  9   log 3  3  3

Solution: Since the logarithm of a negative number

Apply the logarithm of a product.
log 3 x  2  log 3 x  4  3
log 3 x  2x  4  3
does not exist, x  7 is not a solution.
 x  5.
Note: Answer Key says x  5 , x  7 .

Change to exponential form and solve for x. 35. logarithm of a product

If log2 = 0.3010 log3 = 0.4771 log7 =
0.8451, find log 42.

Solution:

10
Factor 42 into primes.  x  34 .

42  2  3  7
37. magnitude of arc
Apply the logarithm of a product. How many degrees is the angle formed by
a ray that makes 3 1/5 complete rotations
42  2  3  7 counterclockwise?
log 42  log 2  3  7  Solution:
log 42  log 2  log 3  log 7
1
In a circle, 1 rotation is 360°. 5
of a
Substitute the given values to the equation. rotation is
log 42  log 2  log 3  log 7 1
 360  72
 log 2  log 3  log 7
5

 0.3010  0.4771  0.8451  3 15 rotation is

log 42  1.6232
3360  72  1,080  72  1,152
36. coordinates of pt. on unit circle
If (x, 7/4) is on the unit circle, find the 38. clock problem
value of x in Q1. The minute hand of a clock is 12 cm long.
1 Find the length of the arc traced by the
7 /4
Solution: minute hand as it moved from its position
x
at 3:00 to 3:40.
Find x by Pythagorean 12
Theorem. Solution:

x2  y2  r 2 One rotation of the minute

2 hand of the clock is 360°.
 7
x  
2   12

 4  In 5 minutes, the minute hand traces
x 2  167  1 360  12  30
x 
2 16
16
 7
16
From 3:00 to 3:40, the hand has traced
x 
2 9
16

x 9
  34 30  8  240
16

Convert this to radians.

Since x is in the first quadrant, it is
positive.

11
  10  3  2  4   4 41. angle of elevation
240    
180 10  3  2  3 3 What is the height of a tree if 150 meters
from its base, its top is sighted at an angle
Find the length of the arc. of 300?

s  r Solution:
 43  12   16  50.22 cm

sin 30
39. function of an angle tan 30 
tan  
opp. cos 
If  is a real number representing an arc of adj. 1

length 28 /6, in which quadrant is the  2

h 3
terminal point of ? tan 30  2
150
1 3
150 tan 30  h  
Solution:
1500.5774   h
3 3
Divide the unit circle into 12 congruent 86.61 m  h 3

arcs. Starting from the initial point A going 3
counterclockwise around the circle,  0.5774
 
AB  16  , AC  62  , etc.  The tree is 86.51 meters high.

We continue going around until we stop at Note: Answer Key says 28.87 m.
the terminal point E with arclength 286  .
42. angle of depression
An observer is on top of a lighthouse, 60
 E is at quadrant II.
meters above sea level. The observer
sighted a ship at an angle of depression of
40. exact value of angles
300. How far is the ship from the
What is the exact value of (sin /3)(cos lighthouse?
lighthouse
/6)? 30
Solution:
60
Solution: ship 30
x
    3 3 3
 sin  cos     h
 3  6 2 2 4 30
150

12
 sin 30 Solve for b using the B
opp. tan 30 
tan   cos  cosine law. c = 15 60
adj. 1
a = 12
60  2
Note: Answer Key A
C
tan 30  3
b
x 2 says 3 31 cm .
60 1 3
x  
tan 30 3 3 b 2  a 2  c 2  2ac cos 

x
60 3 b 2  12 2  15 2  212 15cos 60
0.57735  
3 b 2  144  225  360  12 
103.92 m  x  0.5774
b 2  369  180  189
 The ship is 103.92 meters from the b  189  9  21  3 21 cm
lighthouse.
45. geometric mean
43. 30°-60°-90° triangle In ABC, AB = 13 cm, AC = 15 cm and
Triangle MNO has a right angle at N. If BC = 14 cm. Find the length of the altitude
MN = 15 cm and ∠O = 300, find the length from A to BC.
B
of NO. O x
Solution: D
2 3 30 13
Solution: 14 - x
M h
N In right triangle A C
In a 30°-60°-90° 1 15 ADB, 15
triangle, the ratio of the sides is
h 2  x 2  13 2
x : 3 : 2x
h 2  x 2  169 
Find ON by proportion. h 2   x 2  169

In right triangle ADC,

ON 15

3 1 h 2  14  x   15 2
2

ON  15 3 m h 2  196  28 x  x 2  225

44. cosine law h 2  x 2  28 x  29

Two sides of ABC are AB = 15 cm and h 2   x 2  28 x  29

BC= 12 cm. If ∠B = 600, how long is AC.
Give the answer as a simplified radical. Equate  and .

Solution:

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  x 2  28 x  29   x 2  169 But given the restriction 0    180 , the
permissible values are
28 x  29  169
28 x  169  29 {30°, 150°}.
28 x  140
47. projectile
x  140
28
An object is projected upward from the
x5 ground. After t seconds, its distance in feet
above the ground is s = 144t – 16t2. After
Substitute the result to . how many seconds will the object be 128
feet above ground in coming down?
h 2  x 2  13 2
h 2  5  13 2 Solution:
2

h 2  25  169 After t seconds, its distance from the

h  169  25
2 ground is 128 feet, or
h 2  144
s  144t  16t 2
h  144  12 cm 128  144t  16t 2

46. trigonometric equation Solve for t.

On 0° ≤  ≤ 180°, find all the values of 
for which 4 cos2 = 3. 128  144t  16t 2
8  9t  t 2
Solution:
t 2  9t  8  0
4 cos 2   3 t  8t  1  0
cos 2   3 t 80 t 1 0
4
t 8 t 1
cos 2    3
4

3 The object is 128 feet above ground going

cos    up after 1 second, and reaches the same
4 height after 8 seconds after launch going
3 down.
cos   
2
 The object will be 128 feet above
3
The values of  for which cos    are ground after 8 seconds after launch going
2 down.

{30°, 150°, 210°, 330°}.

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48. volume of cube 49. arithmetic series
The diagonal NQ of cube MNOPQRST The nth term of a series is 9n + 7. What is
measures 12 cm. What is the volume of the result of subtracting the kth term from
the cube? the (k + 1)th term?
S R
O Solution:
Solution: N

Let x be the length of x T Q Multiply k  1 by 9.

the cube. x
9  k  1  9k  9
M x P

Find MO by Pythagorean Theorem.

Add 7 to the result.
2
x  x  MQ
2 2
T Q 9k  9  7  9k  16
2
2 x  MQ
2
x
x 2
Subtract the nth term (in terms of k) from
2
2 x 2  MQ M x P the result.
x 2  MQ
 9k  16    9k  7   9k  16  9k  7  9
Solve for x in NMO by Pythagorean
Theorem. 50. sum of roots
Find k so that the sum of roots of 3x2 – (3k
 
x2  2 x
2
 12
2
N 12
+ 2)x + 18 = 0 is 6.

x  4 x  12
2 x Solution:
Q
x 2  4 x  12  0 M
2 x
x  6x  2  0 The given equation is in the general form
ax 2  bx  c  0 . Rewrite it in the form
x60 x20
x 2  ba x  ac  0 .
x  6 x2

We reject x  6 since it is negative. So, 3 x 2  3k  2 x  18  0

x2. 
3k  2 18
Find the volume using x  2 . x2  x 0
3 3
V  a3
We see that
V  2 3  8 cm 3

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 b 3k  2  b  b2  4ac  b  b2  4ac
 x1  x2  
a 3 2a 2a
 
b 3k  2  2b b
  x1  x2  
a 3 2a a

The roots of quadratic function are

Since the sum of the roots is 6, then,
equating  and ,
 b  b 2  4ac
x1 
2a 3k  2
6
3
and 3k  2  18
 b  b 2  4ac 3k  16
x2 
2a k  163
The sum of the roots of a quadratic
function is

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