Liberalism

19th Century
“ISMS”
Political philosophy People
● John Locke
in which citizens ● Adam Smith
● David Ricardo
should be as free as ● Thomas Malthus
● Jeremy Bentham
possible from the
government and that Events/Ideas
civil liberties and ● Declaration of the Rights of
Man and the Citizen

A distinctive practice, system, or philosophy, rights should be ●

●
Abolitionists
Universal Education Supporters

typically a political ideology or an artistic

protected. ● Iron Law of Wages

movement.

Conservatism Romanticism
Political philosophy People Movement that served People
● Klemens von Metternich ● Edgar Allen Poe
based on tradition ● European Monarchs as a reaction to the ● Charles Dickens
● Russian Tsars ● Ludwig von Beethoven
and social Enlightenment. ● Mary Shelley

stability. Stressed Events/Ideas Emphasized feelings

obedience to ● Principle of Intervention and Events/Ideas
● Congress of Vienna ● Beethoven’s fifth symphony
political authority emotion/imagination ● Mary Shelley's Frankenstein

and organized over reason. Valued

religion. individualism, the
past, and nature.

Marxism Nationalism
Political theory in People Political movement People
● Karl Marx ● Otto von Bismarck
which the working ● Friedrich Engels in which people ● Louis-Philippe

class (proletariat) pushed for the

would overthrow the Events/Ideas national unity and Events/Ideas
● The Communist Manifesto ● French Revolution
industrialists ● Russian Revolution formation of their ● Revolutions of 1830 and 1848

(bourgeoisie) and own governments for

form a dictatorship their respective
to organize the nations.
means of production Anti-Conservatism
and a classless but closely linked
society. to Liberalism.
 Anti-Semitism Social Darwinism
Belief in which People Radical (INCORRECT) People
● Alfred Dreyfus ● Charles Darwin
there is interpretation of Charles ● Herbert Spencer
discrimination and Events/Ideas Darwin’s theories applied
violence against ● Pogroms to humans, stated that Events/Ideas
● Zionists ● European Colonization
Jews. ● Dreyfus Affair social progress was based ●● Nazi Racism
Eugenics Movement
on the survival of the
fittest vs. the weak.
Used to justify why poor
were poor & to support
racist ideas.

Social Darwinism
Radical (INCORRECT) People
● Charles Darwin
interpretation of Charles ● Herbert Spencer
Darwin’s theories applied
to humans, stated that Events/Ideas
● European Colonization
social progress was based ●● Nazi Racism
Eugenics Movement
on the survival of the
fittest vs. the weak.
Used to justify why poor
were poor & to support
racist ideas.