Diploma in Construction

& the Built Environment / Civil Engineering

YEAR 2017_18 QAN 500/7140/3 & 500/7137/3
(Btec Programmes: JW986 JW987 JW988)

ASSIGNMENT BOOKLET
UNIT 14
STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
Unit code: J/600/0228 Credit value: 10
This unit is internally assessed
In order to pass this unit, the evidence that the learner presents for assessment needs to demonstrate
that they can meet all of the learning outcomes for the unit. The criteria for a pass grade describe the
level of achievement required to pass this unit. Pass grade work is treated as formative assessment and
as such the student will receive feedback to enable a resubmission within one week to correct any errors
or omissions. Late work will only be accepted with a full completed mitigating circumstance form
attached.
Higher grade work is treated as summative assessment and hence may receive oral feedback in
tutorials but not once formally submitted. This means that there will be no resubmissions available
with higher grade work. Learners are expected to be largely autonomous when carrying out merit
grade work. The standard of English, grammar, sentence structure etc is expected to be synonymous
with the higher grade attempted. Higher Grade work will not be marked if it is submitted late.
No of Assignment: No. of in class test: No of Practicals / field visits:
9 3 0
SUMMARY OF SUBMISSION: Complete to keep track of your work
Criteria Date Submitted Assessor signature LEARNERS NAME (in capitals)
P1
P2 In class test Missing these test
In class test will be detrimental
P3 to your
achievement
P4
P5
P6
P7 ENSURE THAT THE CORRECT PART
In class test OF THIS ASSIGNMENT BOOKLET IS
P8
RETURNED WITH YOUR SUBMISSION.
P9 (e.g. for assignment 1 return sheet 3 to 6
M1
M2 THIS PAGE IS TO BE USED AS A
M3 RECORD/PROOF OF SUBMISSION.
D1 ENSURE EACH PIECE OF WORK
D2 SUBMITTED IS SIGNED FOR.
This assignment booklet is available on the authors Website: www.angelofilomeno.com.

Queries may be sent via email to: angelo.filomeno@cnwl.ac.uk (submissions will NOT be accepted
via this route)

1
UNIT 14: Structural Mechanics
TRACKING SHEET FOR ............................................................................
Initial when
Assig

HAND IN Dates when

No.

Criteria / Description DATE assessed Items to be submitted achieved

a - deflected shape, stress involved
b- deflected shape, stress involved
c- deflected shape, stress involved
d- deflected shape, stress involved
e- deflected shape, stress involved
P1. explain the behaviour of beams and f- deflected shape, stress involved
1 columns under load
g- deflected shape, stress involved
h- deflected shape, stress involved
i- sketch i, sketch ii, examples
j- sketch stress diagram: i,ii
j- iii, 4 deflected shapes
J - iv, explanation with sketches x 3 minimum
P2. determine reactive forces and plot a- i, ii, iii, iv, v
2 shear force and bending moment
diagrams for a simply supported beam
TEST
b- i, ii, iii, iv, v
P3. determine reactive forces and plot a- i, ii, iii, iv, v
3 shear force and bending moment
diagrams for a cantilever beam
TEST
b- i, ii, iii, iv, v
P4. determine the forces acting in a a - i, ii (table)
determinate frame using
4 Mathematical and graphical b - i, ii (table)
techniques
P5. determine the maximum stress in a a- i, ii, iii, iv, v
5 short column under axial and
eccentric loads b- i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi
a -timber post

P6. produce suitable section sizes for b -steel stanchion

6 axially loaded columns c -RC column
d - Limit state v Permissible stress design
P7. produce suitable section sizes for a - timber beam design
7 simply supported beams subject to
combined loading
b - RSJ design
c - RC slab design
P8. produce a suitable section for a mass
8 retaining wall that is safe in
overturning, sliding and settlement
TEST a - i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi

P9. explain the benefits of using computer

9 software in structural analysis and
Printout- Observation in class --Note early
submission date
design.

M1. explain the relationship between shear

force and bending moment and the
3 significance of the point of after P3 Differential Equations for bending
contraflexure
M2. explain how the effective length of a
5 column is determined under different after P5 column effective lengths
restraint conditions
M3. compare alternative methods of
7 designing structural members in terms after P7 Comparison of differing design methods
of British Standards
D1. compare numerical and graphical
4 methods of solving forces in after P4 Frame solutions
Frameworks
D2. evaluate alternative design methods in
7 terms of their application for a given after M3 Evaluation of differing design methods
design brief

THIS SHEET TO BE KEPT UPDATED IN TUTORIALS

Latest Submission for higher grade work: 4:00pm - 22nd January 2016

2
Learner Name Learner Registration No. Assessor Name

Angelo Filomeno
Qualification and Programme Number Unit Number and Title
BTEC Level 3
Diploma in Construction & The Built Unit 14 Structural Mechanics
Environment/Civil Engineering 21099C
JW986 JW987 JW988
Assignment No & Title ASSIGNMENT 1------------------------------------Behaviour under load
Deadlines: If you do not meet the deadlines for handing in your assignments you may not have your work marked. This could result in you failing
the course unless there are exceptional circumstances which must be explained to your tutor and agreed by the Curriculum Manager. Your work
should be returned to you marked within 10 working days

Criteria Date Date Met? Assessor

Resubmission Date(s) (if necessary) / Feedback
Ref. No. Issued Submitted Sig./Date
Y/N

P1

 All decisions or grades are subject to internal and/ or external verification and may be modified.
 If you feel that an assessment decision is unjustified, you are entitled to appeal. Please refer to your course handbook or speak to your
teacher or tutor for details as to how to do this.
Assessor’s General Comments/Feedback/ Action Plan:

Learner Comments: (Ensure you read the assessment criteria and teacher’s comments)

Learner’s Declaration: I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged.
Learner signature:
Date:

Assessor signature Date

3
 Unit 14: Structural Mechanics in Construction Assignment 1-- Behaviour under load
To achieve a grade the
evidence must show that
the learner is able to
To be completed, ready xxxx/2017 (Behaviour under load sketches----P1) Assessor to
meet the following for submission by:- Indicate, sign &
Criteria: date when criteria
Aid to answering and achieved
These tasks must be completed to help you produce the evidence required:
assessment

Sketch the likely deflected shape for each of the following beams or cantilevers Behaviour of
under the loads shown and indicate the type of stresses involved:
structural elements:
a) Cantilever beams in bending and
shear; stresses and
P1.
b) Propped Cantilever deflection;
explain the
behaviour of learners must explain,
beams and c) Encastre Beram (fixed both ends) with the use of
columns under supportive sketches,

load. the general behaviour

d) Simply supported beam
of beams and columns
under load.
Evidence could be in
e) Contiuous Beam
the form of a written
report with supportive
diagrams.

4
 Sketch the likely deflected shape for each of the following structures and
indicate the type of members and stresses involved: Combined behaviour:

f) 3 Pin (or Hinge) Arch bracing of

frameworks for
stability;

g) Portal Frame (Rigid Joints)

P1.
(continued)
h) Framed Truss Load

Support Support
i) Explain the behaviour of piers and walls by sketching the following;

i. Sketch an example where external buttress walls are used to add stability to
a structure. use of walls for
ii. Sketch an example where internal walls are used to aid stability to a stability
structure.
Indicate, in both cases, examples of the type of structure where these walls occur.

5
j) Explain column behaviour by answering the following;

i. Sketch the deflection likely for the various differently restrained columns
shown below.
Load
Load
Load
Load

Free
Pinned Fixed
Pinned columns and struts
under direct load
and eccentric
load; effect of
Fixed Pinned Fixed
Fixed
restraint on
members in
compression

ii. Explain with the aid of sketches and give real examples of what the restraint
terms "fixed"," pinned" and and "free" actually mean to column/beam
connections.

iii. Sketch the stress diagram under a short column subjected to an axial load W

iv. Sketch the stress diagram if the load W moves to an eccentric position
within the middle third of the section.

6
Learner Name Learner Registration No. Assessor Name

Angelo Filomeno
Qualification and Programme Number Unit Number and Title
BTEC Level 3
Diploma in Construction & The Built Unit 14 Structural Mechanics
Environment/Civil Engineering 21099C
JW986 JW987 JW988
Assignment No & Title ASSIGNMENT 2-----------------------Structural Mechanics problems
Deadlines: If you do not meet the deadlines for handing in your assignments you may not have your work marked. This could result in you failing
the course unless there are exceptional circumstances which must be explained to your tutor and agreed by the Curriculum Manager. Your work
should be returned to you marked within 10 working days

Criteria Date Date Met? Assessor

Resubmission Date(s) (if necessary) / Feedback
Ref. No. Issued Submitted Sig./Date
Y/N

THIS WILL BE AN IN CLASS TEST

P2

 All decisions or grades are subject to internal and/ or external verification and may be modified.
 If you feel that an assessment decision is unjustified, you are entitled to appeal. Please refer to your course handbook or speak to your
teacher or tutor for details as to how to do this.
Assessor’s General Comments/Feedback/ Action Plan:

Learner Comments: (Ensure you read the assessment criteria and teacher’s comments)

Learner’s Declaration: I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged.
Learner signature:
Date:

Assessor signature Date

7
Unit 14: Structural Mechanics in Construction Assig. 2- structural mechanics problems
To achieve a grade the
evidence must show that To be completed, ready
Xxxx/ 2017
Assessor to
the learner is able to meet for submission by:- (Reactions SFD & BMD----Beams calcs ---P2) Indicate, sign
the following Criteria:
& date when
Tasks which will help you produce the evidence required: criteria
Aid to answering and achieved
THIS WILL BE AN IN CLASS TEST assessment
(Load values and configuration may change)
BEAMS:
Structural mechanics
problems: relating to
a) Determine reactive forces and plot shear force and bending moment diagrams for the beams;
simply supported beam, carrying combined load shown below.
Beams: point loads;
reactions; shear force
50kN 20kN 40kN 60k
values; bending moment
N
9m 10m 11m
values; simply supported
1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8m
beams without cantilever
P2. ends. relationship
between shear force and
explain the bending moment; point of
Support Support
behaviour of A contraflexure;
B
beams and Use the techniques of shear force and bending moment to analyse the
columns under effect of loading for the beam shown above. All working in finding
load. the reactions should be
i. Calculate the unknown reactions. clearly shown.
ii. Draw the shear force diagram for the beam. SFD should be drawn to
an appropriate scale and
iii. What is the maximum value of shear force? Where on the beam is this located? on proper graph paper.
iv. Draw the bending moment diagram for the beam. The supporting
calculations of bending
v. What is the maximum value of bending moment? Where on the beam is this moment at the plotted
located? points should be shown.

8
 Structural mechanics
b) Determine reactive forces and plot shear force and bending moment diagrams for
problems: relating to
the simply supported beam, carrying combined load shown below.
beams;
Beams: point loads;
50kN 40kN uniformly distributed
loads (UDLs); combined
UDL 10 kN/m loads; reactions; shear
1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8m 9m force values; bending
moment values; simply
Support A Support B supported beams with
cantilever ends;

All working in finding the

Use the techniques of shear force and bending moment to analyse the effect of loading reactions should be
for the beam shown above. clearly shown.

SFD should be drawn to

i. Calculate the unknown reactions. an appropriate scale and
ii. Draw the shear force diagram for the beam. on proper graph paper.
iii. What is the maximum value of shear force? Where on the beam is this located?
The supporting
iv. Draw the bending moment diagram for the beam. calculations of bending
v. What is the maximum value of bending moment? Where on the beam is this moment at the plotted
located? points should be shown.

9
Learner Name Learner Registration No. Assessor Name

Angelo Filomeno
Qualification and Programme Number Unit Number and Title
BTEC Level 3
Diploma in Construction & The Built Unit 14 Structural Mechanics
Environment/Civil Engineering 21099C
JW986 JW987 JW988
Assignment No & Title ASSIGNMENT 3------------------Structural Mechanics problems II
Deadlines: If you do not meet the deadlines for handing in your assignments you may not have your work marked. This could result in you failing
the course unless there are exceptional circumstances which must be explained to your tutor and agreed by the Curriculum Manager. Your work
should be returned to you marked within 10 working days

Criteria Date Date Met? Assessor

Resubmission Date(s) (if necessary) / Feedback
Ref. No. Issued Submitted Sig./Date
Y/N

THIS WILL BE AN IN CLASS TEST

P3

M1
 All decisions or grades are subject to internal and/ or external verification and may be modified.
 If you feel that an assessment decision is unjustified, you are entitled to appeal. Please refer to your course handbook or speak to your
teacher or tutor for details as to how to do this.
Assessor’s General Comments/Feedback/ Action Plan:

Learner Comments: (Ensure you read the assessment criteria and teacher’s comments)

Learner’s Declaration: I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged.
Learner signature:
Date:

Assessor signature Date

10
Unit 14: Structural Mechanics in Construction Assig. 3- Structural mechanics problems II
To achieve a grade the
evidence must show that the To be completed, ready for xxxx/2017 Assessor to
learner is able to meet the submission by:-
following Criteria: (Reactions SFD & BMD----Cantilevers ---P3) Indicate, sign
Tasks which will help you produce the evidence required: & date when
Aid to answering / criteria
THIS WILL BE AN IN CLASS TEST assessment achieved
(Load values and configuration may change)
All working in
CANTILEVERS: finding the
reactions should
determine a) Determine reactive forces and plot shear force and bending moment diagrams for the
be clearly shown.
P3. cantilever beam , carrying combined load shown below.
SFD should be
reactive forces and drawn to an
30kN 40kN 20kN appropriate scale
plot shear force
and on proper
and bending 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m
graph paper.

moment diagrams
for a cantilever
beam
Fixed Support A The supporting
calculations of
Use the techniques of shear force and bending moment to analyse the effect bending moment
of loading for the beam shown above. at the plotted
points should be
i. Calculate the unknown reactions. shown
ii. Draw the shear force diagram for the beam.
iii. What is the maximum value of shear force? Where on the beam is this located?
iv. Draw the bending moment diagram for the beam.
v. What is the maximum value of bending moment? Where on the beam is this located?

11
 All working in
b) Determine reactive forces and plot shear force and bending moment diagrams for the finding the
cantilever beam, carrying combined load shown below. reactions should
P3 continued be clearly shown.

SFD should be
20kN 40kN drawn to an
UDL 10kN/m appropriate scale
1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m
and on proper
graph paper.

Fixed Support A
The supporting
Use the techniques of shear force and bending moment to analyse the effect
calculations of
of loading for the beam shown above. bending moment
at the plotted
i. Calculate the unknown reactions. points should be
shown
ii. Draw the shear force diagram for the beam.
iii. What is the maximum value of shear force? Where on the beam is this located?
iv. Draw the bending moment diagram for the beam.
v. What is the maximum value of bending moment? Where on the beam is this located?

12
MERIT OPPORTUNITY:
To achieve a MERIT grade the
evidence must show that, in addition
to the pass criteria, the learner is
able to meet the following criteria:
Will not be assessed until all PASS criteria have been completed.
Assessor to
Completing the tasks below will help you meet the criteria: Higher grade work is treated as summative Indicate, sign &
assessment and hence may receive oral feedback in tutorials but not once formally submitted. This means that there will be date when criteria
no resubmissions available with higher grade work. Learners are expected to be largely autonomous when carrying out merit achieved
grade work. The standard of English, grammar, sentence structure etc is expected to be synonymous with the higher grade
attempted.

UDL W kN/m

M1. explain the x

relationship between shear
force and bending moment
and the significance of the
point of contraflexure.
RL RR
i. Find reactions RL and RR
ii. By evaluating the bending moment M at a point x metre from the left obtain an algebraic expression
for the bending moment at any point on the beam
iii. State the mathematical relationship between the expression for bending moment and the expression
for shear force on the beam.
iv. Hence show how it possible to obtain an algebraic expression for shear force.
v. Sketch the shear force diagram for the beam.
vi. At what position on the beam is the shear force equal to zero?
vii. Evaluate the bending moment at the point of zero shear. What is distinctive about the value of
bending moment at the point of zero shear?
viii. What is a point of "contraflexure"?
ix. For which common beam material is a point of contraflexure of special significance? Explain fully.

LATEST SUBMISSION DATE FOR HIGHER GRADE WORK IS NOON ON 1st June 2018

13
Learner Name Learner Registration No. Assessor Name

Angelo Filomeno
Qualification and Programme Number Unit Number and Title
BTEC Level 3
Diploma in Construction & The Built Unit 14 Structural Mechanics
Environment/Civil Engineering 21099C
JW986 JW987 JW988
Assignment No & Title ASSIGNMENT 4------------------Structural Mechanics problems III
Deadlines: If you do not meet the deadlines for handing in your assignments you may not have your work marked. This could result in you failing
the course unless there are exceptional circumstances which must be explained to your tutor and agreed by the Curriculum Manager. Your work
should be returned to you marked within 10 working days

Criteria Date Date Met? Assessor

Resubmission Date(s) (if necessary) / Feedback
Ref. No. Issued Submitted Sig./Date
Y/N

P4

D1

 All decisions or grades are subject to internal and/ or external verification and may be modified.
 If you feel that an assessment decision is unjustified, you are entitled to appeal. Please refer to your course handbook or speak to your
teacher or tutor for details as to how to do this.
Assessor’s General Comments/Feedback/ Action Plan:

Learner Comments: (Ensure you read the assessment criteria and teacher’s comments)

Learner’s Declaration: I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged.
Learner signature:
Date:

Assessor signature Date

14
 Unit 14: Structural Mechanics in Construction Assig. 4- structural mechanics problems III
To achieve a grade the
evidence must show that the To be completed, ready for xxxx/2018 (Frames ---P4) Assessor to
learner is able to meet the submission by:- Indicate, sign & date
following Criteria: when criteria
Aid to answering and achieved
Tasks which will help you produce the evidence required:
assessment

Frameworks: statically determinate; pin-jointed;

FRAMES: subject to dead loads and wind loads
10kN 20kN

B C

60° 60°
Copy and complete the following table:

P4. determine the E

A 60° 60° D
forces acting in a Member Force in member Strut or Tie
determinate frame RL 2.000m 2.000m RR AB
using Mathematical AE
and graphical a) The diagram shows a pin-jointed framework supported at its left and right CD
techniques hand ends. DE
i. Find the reactions RL and RR,
BE
ii. Use the method of resolution of forces to identify the size and nature of the BC

forces in each member of the frame CE

15
 b) The diagram shows a pin-jointed roof truss of 8.000m span subject to
loadings as shown.
Use the method of Bow's notation to identify the size and nature of the forces in
P4. continued each member of the frame.
i. Draw an accurate and well-presented scale diagram to represent the internal Frameworks: statically

forces in the frame. determinate; pin-

ii. Present the magnitude of the forces and type (strut or Tie) in each member in jointed; subject to dead

tabular form loads and wind loads

16
DISTINCTION OPPORTUNITY: Will not be assessed unless all MERIT criteria have been completed.
To achieve a DISTINCTION grade
Assessor to
Completing the tasks below will help you meet the criteria: Higher grade work is treated as summative
the evidence must show that, in Indicate, sign &
assessment and hence may receive oral feedback in tutorials but not once formally submitted. This means that there will be
addition to the MERIT criteria, the date when criteria
no resubmissions available with higher grade work. Learners are expected to be largely autonomous when carrying out merit
learner is able to meet the following achieved
criteria: grade work. The standard of English, grammar, sentence structure etc is expected to be synonymous with the higher grade
attempted.

D1. compare numerical

Solve the above two frames by alternate means to those already employed and compare and contrast
and graphical methods of
the methods used.
solving forces in
i.e. question a) by using graphical means
Frameworks
and question b) by using resolution of forces.
Compare and contrast the two methods of solution

LATEST SUBMISSION DATE FOR HIGHER GRADE WORK IS NOON ON 1st June 2018

17
Learner Name Learner Registration No. Assessor Name

Angelo Filomeno
Qualification and Programme Number Unit Number and Title
BTEC Level 3
Diploma in Construction & The Built Unit 14 Structural Mechanics
Environment/Civil Engineering 21099C
JW986 JW987 JW988
Assignment No & Title ASSIGNMENT 5------------------Structural Mechanics problems IV
Deadlines: If you do not meet the deadlines for handing in your assignments you may not have your work marked. This could result in you failing
the course unless there are exceptional circumstances which must be explained to your tutor and agreed by the Curriculum Manager. Your work
should be returned to you marked within 10 working days

Criteria Date Date Met? Assessor

Resubmission Date(s) (if necessary) / Feedback
Ref. No. Issued Submitted Sig./Date
Y/N

P5

M2

 All decisions or grades are subject to internal and/ or external verification and may be modified.
 If you feel that an assessment decision is unjustified, you are entitled to appeal. Please refer to your course handbook or speak to your
teacher or tutor for details as to how to do this.
Assessor’s General Comments/Feedback/ Action Plan:

Learner Comments: (Ensure you read the assessment criteria and teacher’s comments)

Learner’s Declaration: I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged.
Learner signature:
Date:

Assessor signature Date

18
 Unit 14: Structural Mechanics in Construction Assig. 5- structural mechanics problems IV
To achieve a grade the Assessor to
evidence must show that the To be completed, ready for xxxx/2018 (Short Columns ---P5) Indicate, sign &
learner is able to meet the submission by:- date when
following Criteria: criteria
Tasks which will help you produce the evidence required: achieved
COLUMNS: Aid to
Y answering and
225mm 225mm assessment

150mm
270kN
e
X X
P5. determine

150mm
Columns:
the maximum
axially loaded;
stress in a short a) The Diagram shows the cross-section through a rectangular brick column 300 mm by 450 mm. An
Y eccentrically
column under eccentric concentrated load of 270 kN is located on the Y-axis and at a variable distance 'e' from the loaded
axial and eccentric X-axis.

loads i. What is the maximum value of eccentricity 'e' consistent with there being no forces of tension within effective
the column? length;

ii. Calculate the value of the bending stress developed in the column with an eccentricity of 50 mm. maximum

iii. What is the value of the direct stress loading generated in the column by the action of the 270kN stress; short

load? columns; long

iv. Deduce the maximum and minimum values of stress developed within the column with the load at columns

this eccentricity.
v. Sketch a "stress indicator diagram" showing the progression of stress value across the section.

19
 Y
225mm 225mm
P5 continued A B

150mm
50mm
Beam Reaction:
X X
100 kN Dead load

150mm
50kN Live load

D C
Y

b) An isolated brick column is to support a single beam load, as shown in the diagram, with its centre of
bearing at an eccentricity of 50 mm on the major axis
i. Calculate the "design loading" on the column using:
Design Loading = 1.4 x Dead Load + 1.6 x Live Load
ii. What is the value of the direct stress generated in the column by the action of the design load?
iii. Calculate the value of the bending stress developed in the column by the moment associated with the
design load.
iv. Deduce the consequent maximum and minimum values of stress developed within the column.
v. Suppose that an inaccuracy in construction results in the centre of bearing of the beam load having a 20
mm eccentricity on the minor axis as well, directed towards D and C (that is a 'double eccentricity').
How would the stress at points A, B, C and D be affected?
vi. How would the design change if the column was made of steel and considered to be a long column.

20
MERIT OPPORTUNITY: Will not be assessed until all PASS criteria have been completed.
To achieve a MERIT grade the
evidence must show that, in
addition to the pass criteria, the
learner is able to meet the
following criteria:
M2. explain how the
effective length of a
column is determined
under different restraint
conditions
LATEST SUBMISSION DATE FOR HIGHER GRADE WORK IS NOON ON 1st June 2018
Completing the tasks below will help you meet the criteria: Higher grade work is treated as summative assessment Assessor to Indicate,
and hence may receive oral feedback in tutorials but not once formally submitted. This means that there will be no sign & date when
resubmissions available with higher grade work. Learners are expected to be largely autonomous when carrying out merit grade criteria achieved
work. The standard of English, grammar, sentence structure etc is expected to be synonymous with the higher grade attempted.
a) A steel section is being used as a column and is 3.0m in length. It is embedded for an extra 1.0m length
in the concrete foundations. Calculate the effective length under the following different first floor beam
connection configurations. Justify any assumptions:
i. First floor beam resting on top of the column
ii. First floor beam welded to the column and to welded on flange and web cleats.
iii. First floor beam connected with lower flange cleats only (bolted)
b) Recalculate the effective lengths if the bottom of the column is welded to a base plate and the base plate is
bolted with two bolts to the concrete foundation:
i. First floor beam resting on top of the column
ii. First floor beam welded to the column and to welded on flange and web cleats.
iii. First floor beam connected with lower flange cleats only (bolted)
iv. Sketch a better lower end arrangement which would make any restraint assumption more valid.
21
Learner Name Learner Registration No. Assessor Name

Angelo Filomeno
Qualification and Programme Number Unit Number and Title
BTEC Level 3
Diploma in Construction & The Built Unit 16 Structural Mechanics
Environment/Civil Engineering 21099C
JW986 JW987 JW988
Assignment No & Title ASSIGNMENT 6----------------------Design simple beams & columns
Deadlines: If you do not meet the deadlines for handing in your assignments you may not have your work marked. This could result in you failing
the course unless there are exceptional circumstances which must be explained to your tutor and agreed by the Curriculum Manager. Your work
should be returned to you marked within 10 working days

Criteria Date Date Met? Assessor

Resubmission Date(s) (if necessary) / Feedback
Ref. No. Issued Submitted Sig./Date
Y/N

P6

 All decisions or grades are subject to internal and/ or external verification and may be modified.
 If you feel that an assessment decision is unjustified, you are entitled to appeal. Please refer to your course handbook or speak to your
teacher or tutor for details as to how to do this.
Assessor’s General Comments/Feedback/ Action Plan:

Learner Comments: (Ensure you read the assessment criteria and teacher’s comments)

Learner’s Declaration: I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged.
Learner signature:
Date:

Assessor signature Date

22
 Unit 14: Structural Mechanics in Construction
To achieve a grade the
evidence must show that the
learner is able to meet the
following Criteria:
P6. produce
suitable section
sizes for axially
loaded columns
Assig. 6- Design simple beams and columns
Assessor to
To be completed, ready for xxxx/2018 (Short Columns ---P6) Indicate, sign
submission by:-
& date when
Aid to answering and criteria
Tasks which will help you produce the evidence required: achieved
assessment
a) Calculate the permissible axial load for a timber post of SC2 class timber with an effective Columns: axial
length of 3.45m and a nominal cross sectional size of 150mm x 150mm. load capacity (for
Ref to appendix A: Table 12.1 (adapted from BS 5268) steel, reinforced
concrete, timber);
b) A steel stanchion of grade 43 steel 4.75m in length and of UC in cross section is limit state design;
required to support a factored axial load of 2500 kN. The column is rigidly bolted at the British Standards
bottom to the foundations and bolted to a lightweight beam at the top. Design a suitable
section that could be used.
Ref to appendix A: Table 12.2,12.3 and 12.4 (adapted from BS 5985)
c) A 250mm square reinforced concrete column with an effective length of 3m contains four
25mm diameter steel longitudinal bars. Calculate the safe axial load for the column if the
permissible stress for concrete in direct compression is 5.3n/mm2 and the permissible
stress for the steel is 125n/mm2 . Base your design on permissible stress design.
d) Compare the above design to limit state design given in BS8110 -part 3 which contains
design charts.
23
Learner Name Learner Registration No. Assessor Name

Angelo Filomeno
Qualification and Programme Number Unit Number and Title
BTEC Level 3
Diploma in Construction & The Built Unit 14 Structural Mechanics
Environment/Civil Engineering 21099C
JW986 JW987 JW988
Assignment No & Title ASSIGNMENT 7------------------Design simple beams & columns II
Deadlines: If you do not meet the deadlines for handing in your assignments you may not have your work marked. This could result in you failing
the course unless there are exceptional circumstances which must be explained to your tutor and agreed by the Curriculum Manager. Your work
should be returned to you marked within 10 working days

Criteria Date Date Met? Assessor

Resubmission Date(s) (if necessary) / Feedback
Ref. No. Issued Submitted Sig./Date
Y/N

P7

M3

D2
 All decisions or grades are subject to internal and/ or external verification and may be modified.
 If you feel that an assessment decision is unjustified, you are entitled to appeal. Please refer to your course handbook or speak to your
teacher or tutor for details as to how to do this.
Assessor’s General Comments/Feedback/ Action Plan:

Learner Comments: (Ensure you read the assessment criteria and teacher’s comments)

Learner’s Declaration: I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged.
Learner signature:
Date:

Assessor signature Date

24
 Unit 14: Structural Mechanics in Construction
To achieve a grade the
evidence must show that the
learner is able to meet the
following Criteria:
P7. produce
suitable section sizes
for simply supported
beams subject to
combined loading
Assig. 7- Design simple beams and columns II
To be completed, ready for Assessor to
submission by:- xxxxx/2018 (Beam designs ---P7) Indicate, sign &
date when criteria
Aid to answering achieved
Tasks which will help you produce the evidence required:
and assessment
a ) Check the stresses and the deflection in the lower roof beam and ridge beam for the
conversion sketched below. Beams: safe
Use the following parameters:
Snow Load = 0.75KN/m2 loading (for steel,
Dead load = 0.7 kN/m2 reinforced
Allow for a live point load (maintenance access) at the centre of the span of 1.5kN
concrete, timber);
Lower roof beam = 300mm x 75mm structural grade (C27) timber section shear; bending;
Ridge beam = 300 x 100 mm structural grade (C27) timber section
limit state design;
Permissible stress: British Standards
Modification Factor for snow load = 1.25
Grade Bending Stress for timber beams used (C27) = 10.0 N/mm2
Maximum Permissible Deflection = 0.003 of the span
Formulae:
𝑤𝐿3
Mmax =
8
𝑃𝐿
Mmax =
4

5 𝑊𝐿3
Deflection = x
384 𝐸𝐼

𝑏𝑑2 𝑏𝑑3
Z= , I=
6 12

25
 b ) What size RSJ could be used for the lower roof beam instead of the timber section
designed above . Justify your answer with full design calculations.

c ) Calculate the steel mesh reinforcement required in the suspended floor slab for the
residential building sketched below. Make justified assumptions as necessary.

You may assume the following:

depth of slab is 150mm

concrete cover is 20mm
15 mm finishing screed on the slab

Ref to Appendix
P7 continued B for design
tables

26
MERIT OPPORTUNITY: Will not be assessed until all PASS criteria have been completed.
To achieve a MERIT grade the Completing the tasks below will help you meet the criteria: Higher grade work is treated as summative
evidence must show that, in addition assessment and hence may receive oral feedback in tutorials but not once formally submitted. This means that there Assessor to Indicate, sign
to the pass criteria, the learner is
able to meet the following criteria:
will be no resubmissions available with higher grade work. Learners are expected to be largely autonomous when & date when criteria
carrying out merit grade work. The standard of English, grammar, sentence structure etc is expected to be synonymous achieved
with the higher grade attempted.

M3. compare alternative With respect to the design work completed in assignment 7, research and then compare alternative
methods of designing methods of designing the structural members in terms of British Standards.
structural members in
terms of British Guidance: List and Compare British Standards codes of design with the newer Eurocodes
Standards.
LATEST SUBMISSION DATE FOR HIGHER GRADE WORK IS NOON ON 1st June 2018

DISTINCTION OPPORTUNITY: Will not be assessed unless all MERIT criteria have been completed.
To achieve a DISTINCTION grade Completing the tasks below will help you meet the criteria: Higher grade work is treated as summative
the evidence must show that, in assessment and hence may receive oral feedback in tutorials but not once formally submitted. This means that there Assessor to Indicate, sign
addition to the MERIT criteria, the
learner is able to meet the following
will be no resubmissions available with higher grade work. Learners are expected to be largely autonomous when & date when criteria
criteria: carrying out merit grade work. The standard of English, grammar, sentence structure etc is expected to be synonymous achieved
with the higher grade attempted.

D2. evaluate alternative

With respect to the work completed for assignment 7 and the research carried out for assignment M3
design methods in terms evaluate the various design methods available for structural elements and discuss their applications to
of their application for a the design briefs for a project.
given design brief
Guidance: You need to compare the older elastic method of analysis with the newer probability based
limit state designs. Compare calculation based design with tabular and chart methods.
LATEST SUBMISSION DATE FOR HIGHER GRADE WORK IS NOON ON 1st June 2018

27
Learner Name Learner Registration No. Assessor Name

Angelo Filomeno
Qualification and Programme Number Unit Number and Title
BTEC Level 3
Diploma in Construction & The Built Unit 14 Structural Mechanics
Environment/Civil Engineering 21099C
JW986 JW987 JW988
Assignment No & Title ASSIGNMENT 8------------------Design mass retaining walls
Deadlines: If you do not meet the deadlines for handing in your assignments you may not have your work marked. This could result in you failing
the course unless there are exceptional circumstances which must be explained to your tutor and agreed by the Curriculum Manager. Your work
should be returned to you marked within 10 working days

Criteria Date Date Met? Assessor

Resubmission Date(s) (if necessary) / Feedback
Ref. No. Issued Submitted Sig./Date
Y/N

THIS WILL BE AN IN CLASS TEST

P8

 All decisions or grades are subject to internal and/ or external verification and may be modified.
 If you feel that an assessment decision is unjustified, you are entitled to appeal. Please refer to your course handbook or speak to your
teacher or tutor for details as to how to do this.
Assessor’s General Comments/Feedback/ Action Plan:

Learner Comments: (Ensure you read the assessment criteria and teacher’s comments)

Learner’s Declaration: I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged.
Learner signature:
Date:

Assessor signature Date

28
 Unit 14: Structural Mechanics in Construction Assig. 8- Design mass retaining walls
To achieve a grade the
evidence must show that the To be completed, ready for
learner is able to meet the submission by:- xxxxx/2018 (Mass retaining wall ---P8) Assessor to Indicate,
following Criteria:
Tasks which will help you produce the evidence required: sign & date when
criteria achieved
THIS WILL BE AN IN CLASS TEST
(Load values and configuration may change)

1.2 m 1.0 m Mass retaining walls:

Design Data: forces (soils, level
surcharge, liquid);
 The concrete used in the wall weighs 24 kN/m3 self-weight; stability;
factors of safety eg
 The wall retains soil on its vertical face weighing
1.8 m

sliding, overturning,
Retained Soil 15 kN/m3 ground bearing
P8. produce a capacity, middle third
 The depth of the retained soil is 3.300 m rule
suitable section for
 The angle of repose of the soil is 30°
a mass retaining  The coefficient of friction at the base of the wall
wall that is safe in is 0.7
1.5 m

overturning,
sliding and
settlement A B
The diagram shows a section through a concrete retaining wall:
i Find the weight per metre run of wall.
ii Find the position of the centroid of the section.
iii Find the thrust exerted on the wall by the retained soil and the location of the centre of pressure.
iv What is the factor of safety against sliding?
v What is the factor of safety against overturning?
vi Find the pressures under the wall at the toe A and heel B.

29
Learner Name Learner Registration No. Assessor Name

Angelo Filomeno
Qualification and Programme Number Unit Number and Title
BTEC Level 3
Diploma in Construction & The Built Unit 14 Structural Mechanics
Environment/Civil Engineering 21099C
JW986 JW987 JW988
Assignment No & Title ASSIGNMENT 9----------------------------Use of software in analysis
Deadlines: If you do not meet the deadlines for handing in your assignments you may not have your work marked. This could result in you failing
the course unless there are exceptional circumstances which must be explained to your tutor and agreed by the Curriculum Manager. Your work
should be returned to you marked within 10 working days

Criteria Date Date Met? Assessor

Resubmission Date(s) (if necessary) / Feedback
Ref. No. Issued Submitted Sig./Date
Y/N

P9

 All decisions or grades are subject to internal and/ or external verification and may be modified.
 If you feel that an assessment decision is unjustified, you are entitled to appeal. Please refer to your course handbook or speak to your
teacher or tutor for details as to how to do this.
Assessor’s General Comments/Feedback/ Action Plan:

Learner Comments: (Ensure you read the assessment criteria and teacher’s comments)

Learner’s Declaration: I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged.
Learner signature:
Date:

Assessor signature Date

30
 Unit 14: Structural Mechanics in Construction Assig. 9- Use of Software in analysis
To achieve a grade the
evidence must show that the To be completed, ready for
learner is able to meet the submission by:- xxxxx/2018 -- (Software printouts --P9) Assessor to Indicate,
sign & date when
following Criteria:
criteria achieved
Tasks which will help you produce the evidence required: Aid to answering and assessment

P9. explain the

benefits of using Types: spreadsheets; design
Discuss the benefits of using computer software you have used or
packages eg STAAD.pro
computer software researched to facilitate structural analysis and designing structural Advantages: automated loading of
elements. You should supply printouts/ screenshots to support your
in structural structures; integration of CAD
argument.
drawings; inter-operability; section
analysis and choices
design.

Recommended reading:

Structures for Architects, Gauld, Bryan J. B., Pearson, 1995, ISBN-13:978-0-582-23658-5

Structural Mechanics, Durka et al, Longman, 1989, ISBN-0-582-01851-X

Structural Elements Design Manual, Draycott, Trevor, Newnes, 1990, ISBN-0-7506-03135

Extracts from British Standards for students of Structural Design, BSI

Relevant BS and Eurocodes

31
Appendix A:

32
33
34
Appendix B

35
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