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Abstract - According to the research on voltage stability of 1996, etc [1], [2]. As a result, the research of voltage stability
power system at home and abroad, the definition and classification has gradually entered the field of power industry and
of power system voltage stability are summarized and compared,
and then analyzed from two aspects of static and dynamic voltage academia. Before 1990s, the research of voltage stability
instability mechanism. In this paper, power system voltage stability mainly focused on static voltage stability. With the deepening
analysis methods are summarized as static voltage stability analysis of research, people gradually realize that the essence of
and dynamic voltage stability analysis, and the present research voltage stability is a dynamic problem, which is closely
situation of the two kinds of analysis methods is analyzed and
reviewed. Finally, the future development trend is prospected
related to the dynamic characteristics of many components in
power system.
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Although the dynamic nature of voltage stability has been The continuation power flow method has four basic steps:
recognized, the understanding of the mechanism of voltage prediction, correction, parameterization and step control. As
collapse is not completely unified. Some theories, including shown in Fig.3, through constant prediction and correction, the
energy function, central flow and bifurcation theory, have collapse point of voltage stability is obtained. In [16] author
some limitations in the explanation of the mechanism of has proposed an improved continuation power flow method
voltage collapse. Therefore,the research on the mechanism of that the PQ decomposition method is used to solve the power
voltage collapse still needs the efforts of scientific researchers flow, the prediction process is simulated by using the
and the research methods and theories will be further Lagrange two interpolation technique, and the local parameter
improved. method is used to solve the correction equation.
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weak point of the system voltage stability and evaluating the By analyzing the eigenvalues of the coefficient matrix J ,
stability of the system. However, for complex systems, the we can judge the small disturbance stability of the system.
linear characteristic of the sensitivity index is not good, and it
The influence of small disturbance voltage stability of the
can not reflect the critical state of the system. The continuous
power flow method can effectively calculate the critical system in the parameters of generator excitation system, shunt
capacitor bank and compensator (static var compensator,
voltage stability point, provide a useful theoretical support for
the research and the limit of voltage stability. But, in the face SVC) is studied by [20]. In [21] author has analyzed that the
influence of OLTC and load dynamic characteristics on the
of increasingly complex power system, continuous power flow
method has many shortcomings, such as large amount of small disturbance voltage stability of the system and it
calculation, high time consuming, not suitable for online presents the small disturbance voltage stability region in the
state space. It can be seen from the paper that the dynamic
application, etc.
characteristics of the integrated load have a very important
B. Dynamic Voltage Stability Analysis Method impact on the voltage stability of the system. Therefore,
accurate load models and parameters should be used in the
With the deepening of the research, the dynamic nature of actual system.
voltage stability is concerned. In order to explain the
mechanism of voltage instability fundamentally,the dynamic 2) Time Domain Simulation Method: Time domain
model of power system must be established. Studying on the simulation analysis is the most powerful method to study the
physical essence of voltage collapse by various dynamic dynamic mechanism and process of voltage stability and to
analysis methods. Only by mastering the correct theory of check the correctness of other voltage stability analysis
voltage instability mechanism, the system can avoid the methods.It is suitable for any power system dynamic model.
occurrence of voltage collapse accidents. At present, the At present, there are still some difficulties in the study of time
dynamic analysis methods of voltage stability mainly include domain simulation of voltage stability, including the
small signal analysis method, bifurcation analysis method and processing of time frame, the applicability of load model and
time domain simulation method, etc. the generalization of the conclusion. In [24] author has
proposed that based on the theory of network loss sensitivity, a
1) Small Signal Analysis Method: The small signal two order index (integrated network loss sensitivity index) is
analysis method is based on the linear differential equation, constructed. It can be applied to on-line analysis and control of
which is only suitable for the case of small disturbance. The voltage stability. The load modeling itself is one of the
main difficulty lies in the establishment of the main difficulties in the study of voltage stability. Different load
components of the system and correlation dynamic model. At models will get different conclusions in the simulation study.
present, the small signal analysis has been used study to the At present, researchers have put forward many models, but
influence of the voltage stability in on load tap changing there is still much controversy.It need to be further studied.
transformer (OLTC), generator and its excitation control
system and load model, etc. The differential algebraic 3) Bifurcation Analysis Method: Bifurcation theory is
equation of the system: widely used to describe the properties and changes of the
trajectory structure of a dynamic system with parameter
x =F ( x, y , p ) variations. When this change occurs, the bifurcation is called,
(1) and the parameter value is called the bifurcation value. Local
0=G ( x, y, p )
bifurcation theory can be used to determine the characteristics
In the formula: x is a system state variable; y is an of the static solution when the parameter changes, P-V and
algebraic variable; p is a parameter variable.
Q-V curves belong to the static analysis method. Bifurcation
indicates dynamic instability, and the description of
The formula (1) is linearized at the equilibrium point. bifurcation is an accurate method for describing bifurcation
points. At the bifurcation point, the system parameter changes
Δx =AΔx +BΔy
lead to instability. The existence and uniqueness of the
0=CΔx +DΔy (2) solution cannot be guaranteed when the bifurcation occurs.
The bifurcation theory of nonlinear dynamic analysis for
The algebraic variable Δy of the formula (2) is eliminated,and voltage stability is related to static stability and dynamic
the standard state equation can be obtained as follows: stability to a certain extent. There are many types of
Δx =J Δx bifurcation bifurcation theory, such as saddle node bifurcation,
J =A − BD −1C (3) Hopf bifurcation, etc [25]. In [27] author has summarized that
calculation and application of Hopf bifurcation in the power
system.
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4) Energy function Method: The energy function method the foundation for future research on dynamic voltage
uses the Lyapunov direct method to evaluate the stability of stability.
the system described by nonlinear differential equations. The
method provides a quantitative measure of the system voltage VI. CONCLUSIONS
stability by using an energy function, which clearly shows the Power system voltage stability has been one of the hot
distance between the current operating point of the system and issues in recent years. After a lot of research efforts, a lot of
the point of occurrence of the voltage collapse. In [28] author research results have been obtained. There are many methods
has constructed energy function, energy function method is to analyze the voltage stability, the researchers have studied
applied in voltage stability analysis, but in the system, load is the voltage stability from different angles, although many
simplified static model, without considering the dynamic progresses have been made, there are still many difficulties to
characteristics of the important role of load on voltage be solved. In this paper, summarizing the research results so
stability, its effectiveness remains to be tested. Since there are far, with the introduction of new mathematical tools and
many factors affecting the voltage stability problem, and the computational methods, the theory, model and analysis
description of the load dynamics, such as the dynamics of the methods of voltage stability will gradually mature.
load, is not perfect, so it is difficult to construct a proper
energy function. The problem of voltage stability is the basis of a subject
in the research field of the power system stability, The voltage
V. PROBLEMS IN VOLTAGE STABILITY STUDY instability is often not isolated. In the analysis of voltage
The static voltage stability research method is mainly stability, power angle stability and frequency stability are also
based on the power flow equation, which has made great considered. The whole theoretical system of the study of
progress. But no matter what kind of method,its physical power system stability has not been established, so the
essence is to limit the running state of power network research of stability power system is a long way to go.
transmission power as the critical point of voltage instability, With the development of voltage stability research, the
the difference lies in the different features to seize the criterion important role of dynamic characteristics of composite load in
limit of operation state as the system is running in the limit voltage instability has become a common consensus.
state. Although the static analysis method plays an important Composite load, due to complex, random variable,
role in obtaining the limit operation state of the power grid and geographical dispersion and nonlinear characteristics, often
guiding the production scheduling, it can not reveal the adopts approximate simplified model in the actual simulation,
physical essence and instability mechanism of voltage stability which greatly affects the reliability of voltage stability
problem. analysis results. Therefore, established accurate and practical
Voltage stability is essentially a dynamic problem, only load model will greatly promote the development of voltage
through dynamic analysis,the dynamic factors can reflect the stability analysis.
influence of dynamic factors on voltage stability. The ACKNOWLEDGMENT
difficulty of dynamic analysis is to establish a simple and
dynamic model including the main components of the system The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their
and the load model. The general trend of the research on very helpful comments and suggestions which have improved
dynamic voltage stability is to improve the accuracy of voltage the presentation of the paper. The work of Shaofeng Lv was
stability. Although a lot of progress has been achieved,it is not supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of
mature. Because of some description of influencing the China (50877053) and Tianjin Natural Science Foundation of
dynamic characteristics of the power system main components China (09JCYBJC07100).
are not completed, it makes the study of dynamic voltage
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