GLOBALIZATION || CHAPTER 18 || HISTORY AND CIVICS

Q1) What is the most visible disadvantage of globalization?

Ans) The most visible disadvantage is the great gap between the rich
and poor. Globalization leads to greater disparity between developed
and developing countries.
Q2) Mention one advantage enjoyed by multinational companies?
Ans) The multinational companies enjoy many advantages. E.g., they
can get cheap labour, which is readily available in the developing
countries and make enormous profits.
Q3) Why has the Indian toy industry suffered such a serious setback in
recent times?
Ans) The toy industry in India is facing stiff competition from the
Chinese toy industry that the market for Indian toys is fast
disappearing.
Q4) Why is terrorism no longer a regional problem?
Ans) The terrorist outfits operating in the world do not work in
isolation. Terrorism has assumed global proportions. Its tentacles
have spread all over the world and like a cancerous growth. It is
corrosive and consuming- threatening the very existence of
humankind today.
Q5) What do we need to do deal with terrorism at the international level?
Ans) Kidnapping, hijacking and explosions cause terror, fear and
devastation. It is just not story of Palestine, Kashmir or Sri Lanka- it
is the true and tragic story of our world today. There is need to
empathize, understand, cooperate and coordinate our efforts in
dealing with terrorism at the international level.
Q6) With reference to globalization, answer the following questions:
(a)What is meant by the term “globalization”? In what way has the
IT revolution impacted global business?
Ans) Globalization is the process of bringing the world economies
closer to one another. The IT revolution has changed the world. The
invention of the computer and internet facilities and the phenomenal
growth of the information technology sector has made global business
easy, quick, savvy, competitive and profitable.
(b)What are the features of globalization? Name two organizations
based on economic cooperation between different countries.
Ans) Globalization involves the removal of trade barriers and
restrictions, and encourages liberalization, privatization and free
market economies. The removal of trade barriers leads to free flow of
 GLOBALIZATION || CHAPTER 18 || HISTORY AND CIVICS

raw materials and goods across borders. It encourages healthy

competition for mutual benefit and promotes trade.
Globalization has lead to the formation of economic organization like
the European Union (EU) and the Association of South-East Asian
Nations(ASEAN)
(c)The 21st century is an age of interdependence and mutual benefit.
Explain.
Ans) The success of any economy will depend on the sharing of goods
and services and healthy competitive trade with other countries. The
days of ‘isolation’ are over. The path to progress and prosperity now
lies in globalization.
Q7) Globalization has been criticized and condemned by those who are
more concerned about its disadvantages than its advantages. In this
context answer the following questions:
(1) What are the visible and long-term disadvantages of
globalization?
Ans) The most visible disadvantage is the great gap between the rich
and poor. Globalization leads to greater disparity between developed
and developing countries.
(1) Explain with example its advantages?
Ans) The multinational companies enjoy many advantages. E.g., they
can get cheap labour, which is readily available in the developing
countries and make enormous profits.
(1) Is globalization a temporary phenomenon?
Ans) The fear may be real, but the fact is that globalization is here to
stay. It has brought the world closer together and with understanding,
cooperation and healthy competition, the vision of one world may be
realized someday.
Q8) With reference to terrorism answer the following questions?
(1) What is meant by the term “terrorism’? Give examples to show
that it is not a new phenomenon.
Ans) Terrorism is the use of terror or violence against governments,
individuals or the public to achieve certain objectives. The use of
violence to terrorize is not a new phenomenon. During the French
revolution, Robespierre unleashed a reign of terror through unbridled
violence against the enemies of the revolution. General Dyer
mercilessly fired into an unarmed, defenceless assembly of men,
women and children to strike terror in the hearts of the people so that
no one would dare agitate against the government.
GLOBALIZATION || CHAPTER 18 || HISTORY AND CIVICS

(1) What are the characteristics features of terrorism in the 21 st

century?
Ans) The 21st century terrorism however is an organised system of
violence and intimidation. It is increasingly being used to settle scores.
Terrorism is no longer a regional problem. The terrorist outfits
operating in the world do not work in isolation. Terrorism has
assumed global proportions. Its tentacles have spread all over the
world and like a cancerous growth. It is corrosive and consuming-
threatening the very existence of humankind today.
(1) In the context of terrorism what is the significance of the 11
September 2001? Mention any two examples of terrorist attacks
in recent times.
Ans) The 11th September 2001 attack on the World Trade Centre
towers and the Pentagon in the US transformed terrorism in to a
global issue overnight. The death of thousands of innocent victims in
this chilling crime humanity evoked global outrage and condemnation.
The terrorist attack on 16 December 2014 on an army -run school in
Peshawar in Pakistan which killed over 140 people, including 132
children was one of the deadliest attacks in Pakistan’s history.
The bomb blast at German Bakery in Pune in February 2010 and the
bomb blast in the holy city of Varanasi in December 2010.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Q9) Explain the following terms:
i) Globalization: It is the process of bringing world economies closer
to one another.
ii) Liberalization: It is the relaxation of government restrictions,
usually in areas of social or economic policy.
iii) Privatization: It is the transfer of ownership of business from the
public sector (government) to private sector.
iv) Free-market economy: It is a system in which the price of goods
and services is affected by supply and demand rather than
controlled by a government.
v) Multinational Companies: Companies that operate in several
different countries. These companies are large and powerful.
vi) Indigenous: It means belonging to a place rather than coming to it
from somewhere else.
vii) Terrorism: It is the use of terror or violence against governments,
individuals or the public to achieve certain objectives.
GLOBALIZATION || CHAPTER 18 || HISTORY AND CIVICS

Q10) Fill in the blanks:

i) Globalization involves removal of trade barriers. It allows free
flow of raw materials and goods across borders.
ii) Globalization encourages healthy competition for mutual benefit
and promotes trade.
iii) The most visible disadvantage is the great gap between the rich
and poor.
iv) There are many American and European companies that have
opened call centres in India and get their work outsourced here.
v) Terrorism is no longer a regional problem.
vi) The 21st century is an age of interdependence.
vii) The association of South-East Asian nations (ASEAN) is an
economic organization.