MODALS

1- Complete the sentences using a suitable form of must, have (got) to or need to
a) All students …………………………register with the faculty before 15 September
b) When he gets home fro work, he …………………………just sit and chill out for half an hour.
c) Food …………………………be consumed in the library
d) I should be free that day, but I …………………………check in my diary to make sure.
e) The report isn’t urgent and …………………………be completed until next week.
f) I can’t find my key. I …………………………left it at home.
g) It was very kind of you to clean the flat for me, but you …………………………done it because we
have a cleaning lady.

2- Complete the sentences using a suitable form of should, ought to or must

a) It’s a lovely little town. You really …………………………go there!
b) …………………………I tell the police what I saw?
c) You really …………………………drink so much. It’s bad for you.
d) You were very silly to leave the car unlocked. You …………………………locked it.
e) You …………………………tell your tutor if you’re falling behind with your work.
f) Do you think we …………………………take some drinks with us?

3- Complete the sentences using a suitable form of can, could or be able to

a) I looked for you book, but I …………………………find it.
b) After a lot of effort, we …………………………hook the bag out of the water
c) If I had known that you need some extra bags, …………………………lent you one.
d) Next week, I’ll have more time so ………………………… get started on this work.
e) I’ve been trying to phone Jim all morning, but I …………………………get hold of him.
f) I’m afraid, I …………………………come to the party this evening.
g) When I was younger I …………………………run around for hours without getting tired.
h) I’ve been practicing like mad, and I …………………………juggle now.

4- Complete the sentences by choosing the correct modal

a) The temperature can/could reach 40 degrees tomorrow
b) We might/should go to Italy this summer, but it’s not definite yet.
c) He’s not answering his phone. I suppose he might have/can have popped out of the office.
d) These animals must/can grow to over two metres long.
e) We’re leaving at ten o’clock, so as long as the traffic isn’t too bad, we should/would be
there by 12.
f) It look fairly straightforward, so there can’t/shouldn’t be any problems.

5- Clauses + questions words: complete the sentences wit a suitable word from the list
Who what where when which why how

a) I can’t decide …………………………to use the money I won.

b) I know he’s off work at the moment, and I’m not sure …………………………he’ll be back.
c) Scientists don’t understand …………………………some people are more likely to suffer from
diseases than others.
d) Can you remember …………………………you left your bag?
e) I think you should tell the police …………………………you known.
f) I know I`ve got to phone someone, but I’ve forgotten …………………………it is.

6- Complete with a correct question word

a) …………………………she said it was very interesting.
b) …………………………these animals behave in the way they do is still a mystery.
c) …………………………I choose to spend my evening with is my own business!
d) …………………………you treat your children when they are you will affect the way they develop
into adults.
e) …………………………you know isa more important than …………………………you know.

7-Underline one or both options in these sentences

a) If/whether I go to the party or not depends on what time I get back from work.
b) I’m in such a rush I don’t know if/whether I’m coming or going.
c) The question is not if/whether he did it but when he did it.
d) We can’t agree on of/whether to move house or not.
e) I’m not sure if/whether I want to go to France on holiday.
f) I’ve see a great car! I have to decide if/whether to buy it or not.
g) I can’t make out if/whether she is trustworthy or not.
h) I’m going out if/whether you like it or not.

8- to-infinitive and –ing clauses: complete the text by pitting the verbs into the correct form
…………………………(grow up) in a big family can be tough. The most difficult thing is
…………………………(keep) your independence. Sometimes it’s impossible
…………………………(assert) yourself when you have so many brothers and sisters. But for me,
…………………………(criticise)my family would be unfair. I am pleased …………………………(say) they
have always been great. …………………………(go) away to university was a big thing for me. I was
proud …………………………(be) independent, but also proud of …………………………(have) my
supportive family behind me.

9- Rewrite the following sentences using TO-INF clauses, starting with the words given.
a) Discussing problems with a friend can be helpful.
It…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) He aims to become a top chef by the age of 30.
His aim…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Tom wants us to meet Mary. He’s really keen.
Tom’s really keen …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) We have to cut costs. It’s the only way the company can survive.
The only way …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
e) Human beings can solve problems. This is one of the definitions of intelligence.
The ability …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
f) Younger siblings want to establish their own identity. That’s their main priority.
The main priority of …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10- Starting a sentence with TO-INF clause is more common in formal, written English. In
everyday language, starting with introductory IT or an –ING clause is preferred, Rewrite these
sentences in two ways.

1) To meet the Dalai Lamas would be a great honour.

a) It …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Meeting …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2- To spend time on your own is very important

a) It …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Spending …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3- To find out his true identity would be very hard.

a) It…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Finding …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4- To say that the company is nit interested in making money is ridiculous.

a) It …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Saying …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

CONDITIONALS
1- Put the verbs in the suitable tense
a) Imagine you ………………………………(walk) in the mountain and there …………………………(be)
suddenly a thunderstorm- ………………………………(you know) what to do and how to avoid being
struck by lightning?
b) As long as you ………………………………(can see) lightning and hear thunder, you
………………………………(be) at risk.
c) Lightning strikes are rare, but you ………………………………(have) a much better chance of
survival if you ………………………………(crouch) down.
d) The last person to be killed by lightning was standing under a tree. It’s possible that if he
………………………………(not stand) under a tree, he ………………………………(survive).
e) Another recent victim probably ………………………………(not injure) if he
………………………………(not carry) an umbrella.