MAGNETISM AND ELECTRICITY CH-11

CHAPTER END EXERCISES

A] Underline the most appropriate answer:
1. The strength of a magnet is stronger at its
(a)centre (b)one of the poles (c)both the poles (d)none of these

2. The geographic North Pole of Earth is near the

(a)magnetic south pole of Earth (b)magnetic north pole of Earth
(c)geographic South pole of Earth (d)equator of Earth

3. The direction of magnetic lines of force inside the magnet is

(a)from north pole to south pole (b)from south pole to north pole
(c)from centre to either of the poles (d)not fixed

4. The electric current supplied to our homes is

(a)alternating current (b)direct current
(c)soft current (d)hard current

5. A dynamo converts
(a)mechanical energy into electrical energy
(b)sound energy into mechanical energy
(c)electrical energy into mechanical energy
(d)mechanical energy into sound energy

B] Fill in the blanks:

1. Magnetic lines of force around a straight current-carrying conductor are in the form
of ____________ circles, with the _______________ at the centre.
2. In the right-hand thumb rule, the thumb points in the direction of the ___________.
3. The end of the solenoid in which the current flows in the _________ direction
behaves as the south pole of the solenoid.
4. An electric bell works on the principle of _____________.
5. An electric motor is a device that converts __________ energy into ________ energy.

C] State if the following statements are True or False. Correct the

statement if it is false:
1. The direction of the magnetic lines of force due to straight current-carrying
conductor does not change even when the direction of the current is reversed.
Ans.
 MAGNETISM AND ELECTRICITY CH-11

2. An electromagnet shows its magnetism even after the current through it has
been switched off.
Ans.

3. The current produced in a closed conducting coil when magnetic lines of force
within it rapidly change is called reduced current.
Ans.

4. A galvanometer is a sensitive device that helps determine only the direction of

an electric current.
Ans.

5. A transformer used to decrease the voltage of an electric supply is called a step-

up transformer.
Ans.

D] Match the columns:

Column A Column B
1.Bar magnet (a)increases alternating voltage
2.Magnetic force (b)magnetic effect of current
3.Magnetic north pole (c)artificial magnet
4.Electromagnet (d)geographical South Pole
5.Step-up transformer (e)non-concept
E] Answer the following in short: -
1. Why does a compass needle placed near a current-carrying conductor show
deflection?
Ans. The explanation is that the needle aligns itself with the direction of the magnetic field
lines. Since the lines are perpendicular to the direction of current, the needle will try
to align that way also. It is only deflected west because Earth's magnetic field is still
pulling the needle to point north

2. What do you understand by magnetic field?

Ans. The force exerted by a magnet is called magnetic force. It is a non-contact force, that
is, it acts from a distance. Depending on various factors, each magnet has a certain
region around it within which its magnetic force can be experienced. This region in
which the magnetic force of a magnet is felt by other magnets or magnetic materials
is called a magnetic field.

3. If a current is flowing downwards in a straight conductor, what is the direction

of the magnetic field?
 MAGNETISM AND ELECTRICITY CH-11

Ans. As the current is flowing in the downward direction, then as per the right hand screw rule, the
direction of magnetic field will be in clockwise direction.

4. Name two appliances that use electromagnets.

Ans. Electromagnets are widely used as components of other electrical devices, such as
motors, generators, relays, loudspeakers, hard disks, MRI machines, scientific
instruments, and magnetic separation equipment.

5. What is an alternating current?

Ans. The direction of the induced current in a solenoid changes if the magnetic lines
through it change direction, that is if the magnet is continuously moved. Such a
current that changes direction at fixed intervals of time is called alternating current
(AC).

F] Answer the following in short: -

1. What is the advantage of a horse-shoe magnet over a bar magnet?
Ans. Horse-shoe magnets are stronger than bar magnets. The U shape makes the magnet
stronger by pointing the poles in the same direction. It can be used to pick up metal
objects from out of reach places inside machines. For example, small horseshoes can
collect paper clips while industrial-sized horseshoe magnets are used in construction
and engineering to pick up large pieces of heavy metal. Horseshoe magnets are also
used at the bottom of pendulums.

2. How are natural magnets different from artificial magnets?

Ans. Natural magnets are the magnets formed in the nature. These have weak magnetic
properties. Artificial magnets are the magnets formed by artificial means like single
touch method, double touch method, induction method and electric method. These
are formed from Iron, Cobalt and Nickel.

3. What is a solenoid? How is it made?

Ans. Solenoid is a long-insulated copper wire closely wound around a cylindrical
cardboard or a plastic tube with a current passing through it. It behaves as a group of
circular loops adjacent to each other. The magnetic fields of all loops combined
together make the solenoid behave like a magnet.

4. What do you understand by electromagnetic induction?

Ans. When an induced current is produced because of voltage production (electromotive
force) due to a changing magnetic field, it is called Electromagnetic Induction. This
either happens when a conductor is placed in a moving magnetic field (when using ac
power source) or when a conductor is constantly moving in a stationary magnetic
field.

This phenomenon was discovered by Michael Faraday.

 MAGNETISM AND ELECTRICITY CH-11

5. Differentiate between an electric motor and a dynamo.

Ans.
Electric Motor Dynamo
 Electric motor is a device that  Electric Generator is a device that
converts electricity into mechanical converts mechanical energy into
energy. electricity.
 Working principle of electric motor:
Electric motor works on the principle  Working principle of electric generator:
that when an insulated conductor coil faraday laws of electromagnetic
is placed in a magnetic field and the induction (i.e., when magnetic flux is cut
current is passed through it, a force by conductor, Electro motive force is
acts on the coil which rotates induced. Or in other words If an
continuously. insulated electric conductor coil is
 The direction of the force acted on the relatively in motion with a magnetic
insulated electric conductor coil field Electro motive force is induced.) is
through which electric current is the working principle of electric
passing is determined by using generator
Fleming’s left hand rule
 The direction of the Induced electro
motive force in the insulated electric
conductor coil in which electric current
is induced is determined by using
Fleming’s right hand rule

G] Answer the following in detail: -

1. Why does a freely suspended magnet always rest in the north-south direction?
Ans.

2. Describe an electromagnet. How can eth strength of an electromagnet be

increased?
Ans.

3. Explain the construction and working of an electric bell with a labelled diagram.
Ans.

4. State the principle of an electric motor and describe its working with a diagram.
Ans.

5. How is alternating current different from direct current?

Ans.
 MAGNETISM AND ELECTRICITY CH-11

6. What is the principle of working of a dynamo? How does a dynamo work?

Ans.

7. What is the function of a transformer? Differentiate between the two types of

transformers.
Ans.