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impact on Large Scale Structures
Chayan Chatterjee, P.G.II
Supervisors: Dr. Debasish Majumdar, SINP
and
Dr. Suchetana Chatterjee, Presidency University
What is Dark Matter?
➢
Unknown component of the universe.
➢
Presence discerned only through it’s gravitational
interactions.
➢
Nonluminous.
➢
All pervading across galaxies, clusters etc.
➢
Major constituent – stable, nonbaryonic, massive particles
interacting weakly with other particles.
PLANCK 2013 Results
➢
Baryonic Matter – 4.8%
➢
Dark Matter 26.5%
➢
Dark Energy 68.4%
All known (detected) components of the universe consist only 4.8% of
the total available matter content of the universe.
Evidences of Dark Matter
➢
Gravitational Lensing
➢
Galactic Rotation Curves
➢
Bullet Clusters
➢
Supernova
Direct detection experiments:
➢
CoGent
➢
CDMS II
➢
XENON
Indirect detection signals:
➢
Galactic centre gamma ray excess (GeV scale) by
FermiLAT data.
➢
Anomalous Xray emission line at 3.55 keV energy
by XMMNewton from 71 clusters. Vera Rubin (19282016)
Photo c.1970, physastro.sonoma.edu
Particle Dark Matter: Possible
candidates
c. Marc Schumann
Thermal WIMP Paradigm
➢
In the early universe, WIMPs
and the SM particles were
in thermal and chemical
equilibrium with each other.
➢
At very high temperature,
(T>>m),
Thermal WIMP Paradigm
➢
As, universe expands, T falls
below WIMP mass, and
➢
When expansion rate of the
universe exceeds interaction
rate of WIMPS
freeze out occurs and WIMPS
acquire relic abundance.
Thermal WIMP Paradigm
➢
Evolution of number density, n(t) is given by the
Boltzmann equation:
➢
The relic density is given by:
NonThermal WIMP Paradigm
➢
Interaction strength of DM particles
very less. So, never in thermal
equilibrium.
➢
As universe cooled down, they
formed mainly by decay of
heavier particles.
➢
Attains relic abundance via
‘freezein’ mechanism.
Freeze out and freeze in
➢
Possible candidate:
FIMP mechanism.
Hall et. al. (hepph) Dec 2009
axions, sterile neutrinoes.
ΛCDM Model
➢
Standard Model of
Big Bang Cosmology
➢
Describes cosmological
observations:
●
CMB Fluctuations
●
Large Scale Structures
●
Accelerated expansion
of the universe
●
Abundance of H, He, Li c. Wikipedia
➢
However evidences suggest that gravitational Nbody simulations using only CDM, while
extremely successful at large scales, do not reproduce the observed structure in galactic or
subgalactic scales.
Problems with ΛCDM Model
➢
Corecusp problem
Collisionless CDM
simulations predict
‘cuspy’ DM density at
small radii contrary
to observations.
➢
Such halos are well
c. ‘Dark matter self interactions
described by the NFW and small scale structures’, Tulin
profile and Yu (2017)
Problems with ΛCDM Model
➢ Too big to fail problem
MW’s brightest dSph galaxies (DM dominated at all radii) are
expected to live in the most massive subhalos.
But CDMonly simulations predict too high central densities to
host the observed satellites.
➢ Missing satellites problem
Numerical simulations predict that a MW sized halo should
have subhalo mass function that diverges at low masses as
Therefore, MW should have several 100 subhalos within it’s
virial radius. But only 11 discovered.
Dark Matter Self Interactions
➢
Self scattering leads to heat transfers that decrease density
contrasts in the centres of halos, turning cusps into cores.
➢
This lowering of halo concentration also changes the
subhalo abundance matching therefore taking care of the
‘too big to fail’ problem.
➢
Additional DM physics (e.g. warm or decaying DM) may
help alleviate the ‘missing sattelites’ problem.
Ref: A. A. Klypin, A. V. Kravtsov, O. Valenzuela, and F. Prada,
Where are the missing Galactic satellites?, Astrophys. J. 522
(1999) 82–92
Bullet Cluster and other evidences
➢
In merging galaxy clusters, like the Bullet Cluster (1E 0657
56) DM self interactions transfer momentum between the
two galaxy cluster DM haloes.
➢
This will cause them to lag
behind the collisionless
galaxies.
Our model
➢ We are considering a two component singlet scalar DM model (Φ1 and Φ2 ) to
simultaneously explain FermiLAT and 3.55 keV X-ray line
observations.
➢ Φ1 and Φ2 are a low mass WIMP and FIMP of mass ~10 GeV and ~7keV
respectively that couple among themselves and with the Standard
Model Higgs.
➢ A discrete Z2 x Z2’ symmetry is imposed to ensure the DM particles do
not interact with SM fermions.
➢
Ensuing calculations and solving of Boltzmann equation will be done.
➢ The broad goal is to establish a feasible model which can
simultaneously explain the aforementioned observations as well as
give a hint about it’s role in structure formation, which would be a
first work of it’s kind.
References
➢
The Dawn of FIMP Dark Matter A Review of Model and
Constraints Bernal et.al. (hepph: Sep2017)
➢
Non thermal two component dark matter model for
FermiLAT gamma ray excess and 3.55 keV Xray line
Anirban Biswas, Debasish Majumdar, Probir Roy (hepph:
May2015)
➢
Two component WIMPFIMP dark matter model with
singlet fermion, scalar and pseudo scalar Amit Dutta
Banik, Madhurima Pandey, Debasish Majumdar (hepph:
Dec 2016)
➢
Dark Matter Self Interactions and Small Scale Structure
Sean Tulin, Hai Bo Yu (hepph: Nov, 2017).