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Angle of repose:
The angle the material pile will make to horizontal in a freely formed pile (in degrees). This
characteristic depends on the material and also the lump size and the shape of the lumps or
particles.
Angle of surcharge:
The angle to the horizontal the material pile will make on the belt (in degrees). This angle is
lower (5° to 15°) than the angle of repose, due to the movement of the belt. This
characteristic is important to calculate the loaded area on the belt and hence the capacity.
Material Size:
The material size is rated in the belt conveying design from A to E:
All materials in the industry can be transported from very fine A (cement), fine B (coarse
returns from separator), granular C (reject from vertical roller mill), lumpy D (clinker, raw
material after crusher), and irregular E (lumpy + some oversize material)
Abrasiveness:
Non abrasive (raw meal), abrasive (cement), very abrasive (rock, clinker), sharp (granulated
blast furnace slag) all can be transported by belt if properly loaded.
Miscellaneous:
Some characteristics need to be taken into account in design of individual parts or auxiliary
devices:
Standards: Respect of the material characteristics in the initial design or rectification works
Impact if not Improper working condition
correct: Reduced capacity
High maintenance cost
High housekeeping cost due to spillage and overflow
High environmental emissions
Actions: Review of design and rectification to fit the application
Unit Trainees to describe the characteristics of three main material transported in the plant
Completion:
See site specific unit for additional information, respective actions and applicable safety instructions.
Mate rial Bulk De ns ity Appro xim ate Ang le Max. Re c o m m e nde d
o f Re po s e Co nve ying Ang le
kg / dm 3 % De g re e %
Ce m e nt P ortla nd Bulk 1.20 - 1.36 10 12 21.5
Ae ra te d 0.80 - 1.20 -- 6 10.5
Clinke r 1.20 - 1.52 33 18 32.5
Cla y Crus he d 0.96 - 1.20 35 18 32.5
Coa l Crus he d 0.72 - 0.88 38 18 32.5
P ulve rize d 0.48 - 0.64 15 14 24.5
Ae ra te d 0.30 - 0.50 -- 8 14.0
G yps u m Crus
Crushehedd <50mm 1.28 - 1.44 40 18 32.5
Kiln Dus t 0.64 - 0.96 10 12 21.5
Lime s tone Crus he d 1.36 - 1.52 40 18 32.5
P yrite 2.00 - 2.40 40 18 32.5
Ra w Me a l 0.72 - 1.28 15 14 24.5
S a nd Dry 1.36 - 1.60 40 18 32.5
S ha le Crus he d 1.36 - 1.52 40 18 32.5
S la g Gra nula r 1.12 - 1.28 40 18 32.5