A Critical Surwy of Fout Papcruon

Maritimc RcligiourRwirals

PafrickMcEvoy-flalston
9712576

Hlrltury 342
Prof. Baskenille
OsL nfn
 four esqaysby D'G Rell,
This paperwill attenrptto criticalty matyrsthe contritnrtionsof
tre rcligiousfn'iwls
Dariel coo&naq GcorgeRirvtylq ard Neil serple to understandirg
nineteenthcenhries'
anronggrural pcoplesin Caradaliom the lde eight€en&to earty
'sociologicat' of ttrc tI*! of religionin ft€ dct/€lopnrcnt
Dadel r3oo&nar conductsa
ffy
him concMing ftat fto
of a touvnslip.rfis focrn m stnrcur€, ild pafiscr, follows nrift
atteirtion'
dnrctopmentof ffreBaptistChurchin drc nineteenficerfiry de8enfog-morB
in cmpharizinglcsslhc
Rawlylq rrxr,fix;usc;son rhir p*i*|, bur tlirrcrgwfnrm crotxlwfub
iBelf'
of society,andmorethe prychologicalrealityof fie ritml of baptism
derrclopnrent
of dcmpts to
amsrrtion
Bcll orpards on frc inffucnccof Hcnry Allinc, trc taditional footlsof
And
the rcligioru rsvivalin Maritime (New Bnrnsntick& Nova Scotia)cmada"
unde,rstand
canadq br$ his mdn
finally, Neil Seinplecnlargesfie surveyto inchrdel-ower andUpper
wlros€lack
contibution is in offecingto readsg dctds of thc optionnot takeq Melhodisill,
otherprotestant
of dramaticsucc€sshetp trighlidf, andconfrm tre poputistappcalof tre

religionsin Canada.
hrmdredsa
DanietGoodmarinuoducesus to Yrnroutr county,in the late ssv€Nile€n
tovms
comty unitedby its disunity,peopledby recentrriwls from nedy twenty differcnt

md Corurecticrs.He rcldea fre stmy of a comnunity barelyworth s|tch

ftom lvlassachus€tb
'rociety' tnetlrbcffi(ftoec
divid€dinto two gtoupsof
a label,widr no shtredlife cxperiences,
'chuf,ch'menrberr,displeased
andffnu not unified
still tisd to fteir p,rwiogr churshes)and

lhougtrtghallow,forrnalirlic, and uni$Piring morginginlo

bshindrrligiogr lsrtsrr avatlarblc,
appeal
a unified wnununity aftsl.tlrearrivalof Henry Allino. Alline, by way of flre inunense
congpgationalleaders,whish
of his preaching,andthe scomdircct€dat him by established
'Creat Awakming"
he$cd dcfrre a distinctivcAlline morrcnre,nlboth he$ed crcatea
 -)-

wlrereuPoei
fcn the first time tluge numbcrof perryrfe
in Yannouilf shareda oomflron

religioruidctttity. Afiine's influsncc wasfdlowed cvmtudty wift thc dcrrclopmentof an

orgiltized religiun smrcnrc cr€afi€dby the Betist Chrrc,hwhich cmre to donrindefire

Gountyin fio cidffecn hrmdneds.

The Ba$ist Chrrch hebcd cenrqrta disciptine,andorderto

eocicty,lackfutgwilh Alline, while not thatenirg tlrc csenc€ of pcoplc'scrrangeficrfi*r'

Coo&rin hopesftat if ftis pattsrnof ffrerolc of rcfuion in Yarnrordr socictyholdstrue

for olhsr cruunlicqlhat lhe notion lhal lhs ar,rrcptcd

lhc;rirlhat lhc Nsw 511gkmd

YankeePtantersashiq/Eda collectiveidentityduringthe First Gred Aw*ening will haveto

bo rc-cvaluatcdwfth cmphasismorc propcrlyfocuscdon ffrc ninctc€nft ccnturywi*r thc

dcrrclopnrent
of the Baptistchurclr"
; 4 :

Brtr &e studyof structrc alonemny mistea4for beirg impefionat anddistur(,Rasrlyk '

heb$ by hrmranizirythe peoph of ficse ncwly oryN?dc,mnrnmitieq ffi/orilrg a clos€r

look at fte role of baptismin pcruonalhangfofination,raffrerlhan ffreBaptirt Chrnchin

societafcngnirilinn- Rawlyt'n cnsayexaminesdreimmensityof fire eryrerience

of baptisnr
dtrugh drc 'biogrryhical' bok d two lcadhg prcaclren,Jos€phCranda4anda peruoei
he
baptire4 Elijah Estabrooks.kr particularhe exanrinesfte inportanceof a drcam
of
Crandall'q a powcrfirl god giv€Nlvisim of savirrymuls afrift in wder, rtrat
convinceshim
dtat baflim wagnot a m€recmptyrianl but requiredfm enuanceinto hcarrcn.

Batisilt cannotbe disilniss€{t

asonly a kind ofrcligious fad in a time of religiou fadq

strggcslu
R"wbb nor sanil *rlob bc rux&nst{rod
ar'rlaling poinl frn qgtrni1;rdch'rruh

eficrcaclument
in flre livttsof lvlruitimeruasonemiglrt conchrdeafter rgadfuBGoodruin.

Ranttykin enphasizingflre inportanceof baptismin waterasan rurforgettable

eryerience,
the definingmomentin a life, whercthe prron baptizedfelt ahnost
onewith tre divine,
 - 3-

ilrA dreItr{rrrtffco of trryrlinnrtr} Maritim€nf,silf be mdmstondby nnt ignoringthe

$rrggcsts

obvious,ffte pcnond ftarsf,omdion it otr€redto a higtrcrstatcof *indRawlyk,,too,

wih its poychological

sugeetsfre imporfarccof brytim in creding a comnnunit5l, rcjectbn

of the wodd md irl hcb in dcfuitg a nsw ons. It waspcrrmat hil alsopublic he sa5ns.
But

he docsnot learrcilr irpmeim of a poopb in a conscndive, cuudiddiry moo( foistcad,

Rawlyk'sncwly orgmA cumunity of fvluitimcrg rccm ryirinn[y liberdcd urd upliftcd.

Rawbk'r crpharir rn @fum'c rycal asa ril$alpn ilr sodueliwbkrrrling of lhe

temporalandthe cosftris,a rxlre sffisrrus, andperhapocon incfuigmomentof comrcnsiorq

ftfft ftc inncr comrcrsionadrrccocdby Hcnry Allinc, nonc-ftc-lcss,bringsrn backto thc

originsof religiornre;riwl, wift the prcachiagofHe,lrry Alline. Uke Rawtyk'gbrytigm,

Hemy Allinc h'ougltt pcoptec'l6cr to fte divineb€in& prcaching'spirihralmemings' in

cotloquialluguryo, with fiE nrid uscof sog andwift a pcrfornranccffrtffi m

-. ;-i-.ie

minist€ragChrist-likc. Bell'g cssaysGwEsasa closcbo} at lhin mm, rvho scNrrcd

aslhe
l,J",u*f 1,'J.tl-*
pime movcr of a grcafircligirnrsawakeningmdh defrningtim€ frr Mritime society,

Bell beginstV nnveryingthc ltfaritirncsbcforc Alline's ilrivat The raadcris r€mindcd

lhd mary offrre s€ffi€ffiwctt ahsadyNew Ught @ andffnu is not suryiscd

wlrentsell suggBsbffratHenry Allin€ wasnlcc€sffiil &rc to hb chrismdic preachinestylc..

Bttt Bcll'r descripionsdo sryprite wifr hb dctaitsof Alline's "unordtodor(confirsionof the

'inual
r\
of gaff€d,ands€cultrrp#'which soffi
dgmarcatim hierarchies
of
I
ags,gcnda, and atlrsnlim"l Bdl dcgsrbcga rtyh of pruar,hiagwhish mim[l ftxnlwin's

doscrbdm of an initialty cqttanyconftd Novr Sootietffinship. Perlrye ddstoo, waepart

of his 4eeal' a key to under*arding his inftEnc€. Ifis unordrodoxyccrtdnty erylairu the

oeposifionto A[lnc' wftich Bell crylainswasfirll of anarchicpossfrilfticqepcialty thc

 -Lf-

antinomiannotirn of oncccnrnterte4onecouldne\rcrfafl ftom grrco. And Rell offers a fmr

cxmplcs offsrpdby fu New@ rvtos€ qf,eessbrcudntpeopleht€r into flre

tblds of a mur cong€ndive,CahdnblbBaeftt tiild"

BGllexmines scvEfiel
treories of ftG lnportancc of thc corffict betlyomthc British md

the Americancolonicl, wift tte lfiritimes tics to bodt eachnrygcsthgfrat Allinc offcrcd an

idsntity (aeGoo&rin clumicled) for a comne4 depnesEpd

rqion, Bcll rscmsto favor

Rawlyk't ruggsslftn lhal.lhe lvfuitimst idr;ndnd fttmudrm prxitiwly, nrycrfonlo lhrxc in

.+
lheir prwbus Ne,wEngfandhornshnd" Brs in Bcll's closcloofHenry Alline, a qu*ion

oomc$to frc rcadsr. Is it stffcicnt to look at ffrotroublcdtimsssrrygcs0od

by thc coincidsnoc

of timlng wift lhe AmedcaoRwoMon, m d the dinmified nanrc of societyasdctailedby

Coo&vin, to mderrstandAllinc's ryeaf?

Bell's (mfnaccormtof llcruy Allinc hashim obccsscdwift pcrsmal sin, asdid Ranrlyk's

dercdptionof &urdall, md ftis msy hnvchadnodriqgto do wiill thc natureof the dnros,but

a slc/.e.
of mind pflhqtc $ar€d try mary olhcffi,rcprcnnedbril wmting recnlrilinn. Inner

cofiversionallowr for grrcc, forgiwnceq andpcrhapstlre coflvincing chrismatic galeof lhig

to a ple wift a fte finG of mind to Allin€, war at epealitg asaily auwcr fiey sougfutfor

ala*of comnnmalifui&y. Pedlrys fuh uncertainenviurnrcnt wassdnehowa gift, an

qgeommity!o rc-imaginelt€mrch,Esmd fteh ryfuinnl polendat Bcll might wcll agrpe,

l; r' r*'*';-ar'

arydry Alline'scmtinucdepcal hto ffretwcnli€ftccntry asChisim wih€ss.Cluist's

mcilsryEof firgirrcntarehts h.d an appcallsolftg a&nrrt tffl nnillgrnignraml pcrhrys lhc

ttttittat ofits memoryto a pcoplewlro lud for a time foryofen 4 erylairu mgch of fts

lduitime refuiorn Nwivat

Smple offerutre readerUf a chnonicleof a rcligion rvhichdid not offor salvdionby faith
 -5-

aloc, nm cmpilrairedtlrccdnxiasm fu baUimrcncolraepdby dtcB4lisb, dd drc

clnonicleb a Hcakoc frrthoelliry fv{cftodirmfribd b fr.ct fotm€rNcwEr4fand

a lac,tof indvgnd
a rfiiot nord oodG,
Conglgadm.tlts. ThEyurgedrfrirt afurchnnc, in

r.dicll pottricsard a dinppruwl ofuncdolbd €ffiudas ad cmotlnal rwiwl $tt ises.

Theroryonseis rccddedby Rob€dCoor€t, a prrominoot wttosil,ot€

Wedeyo missionary,
+
"thopoouliuidcsof llcthodircr rrp rdcr did.sbfitl to manypcoplc". Scryh rqgoenrothm
Britfuhaodllnrrico lvlefrodfor tte poc ttcod of
reacorrlilrctis inotr dirputerbc&eccn

itnemryprcac.ten,ad theroote&rego
dib leadeddpin fr awayBrilrin, hr lvictrodigm's

sdbusocssandhce of moionat acal war pcrhaprib gcacrt dcficiencfos

hbltt$rc4

wtcncoaparcdwilr d'd.ilFof lltry dinc'r mdlhcBSbt'r 4pcd toth omcpoople.

Thh pqrerho1lcdto brirg f{r{r md crinhalycoqrrc rcvcfiNl

rlodiesof rcligirurrevinlr

in thclfiritimoe tring ttc ciglsocift od ninc0ocdcctuicl WlrcilrcrHwy Allincb the

ood iryortad a$jgot d tbcq ar r prilrc movEr,or rdc, &c. ryrfi,e dotdopmcotof ,.
th6BrptiscClnncto,drcorgilirc.l univEnelrc spmmo4is a ioDiG'ftvclr
s!rylo snidcnce
bV

tb rcadng for gecmem on oitllcfrklo. R rErydoftc altds confadbtcaohotror,rds d'

di$gtcctn€ilblt uaully orrcrrvtd flrQioctoryht to bc cryhadreA Togctber,fu! fl**

oo'..,
tr unflhnrzl w;h oilnr prxilhg r mrrnrtcxltlrltl qFecir&ra of m iqxnlant sliw of

lirncfor lvfaritimoCanada
 -G-

NorEs

Dor,,LlC, Go"d-."r' frora Diso",\ +. Intrl.alr;:

Er;nq3llcol Lliq,-, eJ S.src$l ,; Yri'o.rttt, lJ-'e "h1L
lTOl' lgSO )?. tq7
ro Thcl Pl.:r{.JQ.!1,.eJ, fl.CooreJ

t R..-?k )tt t T\e Q-r<,fr.D,ff i,,t', l:rcrL

Gen.gc.
Cro'.dqll,E trph fg*nl,to.heo,oJ8.f,"va: B+i^
,?i'l- l?oo')-Ir'*;-*lc R.hf,Us . el . 14',Cr0,rvr.t?2t+l

D.G. [rlllr ,
crtAFhs("
Ncil Sc-rplc. Tle L;. Po*'.r..i^ r4 Hi
fl .fr-[J-T

U^J,a^'U,,tlt ,r\fl.o . I t ?'?

 -?-

BtBtro6RAPlfy

BrllrD.(a, [fenfl All,hc,oadf{.i,*i-,c R.tiqioa) CHtrt

Ht s{o"icJ Bo'ktaffst 2 lt13 .

Cnodtr n) Do.,il C.'* F.or.'D:so;.f,,+"I^ktdroa:

qnd
Etor,lclrcil EelLQroh Yf:46r. l\ltro-
f:.i{i"
S-*,L,lT;l-l?7o' .J.
f't. Con.nd.

ilr,.-lyfr;Go.qs . *'Th- Rcqc,S".Dlpp ig', .TosepL

'""dtol,i,ras
'
i,or^or^il,Elriql €i*l,f,Dahe Byl,s'.
l Zq+-tiogt . eo).
14.G", ,od.

S'-rk1 lleil ,
'&'w'd^ !ti$s'F