CHAPTER

10 Functions

Section-A JEE Advanced/ IIT-JEE

A Fill in the Blanks B True / False
1. If f(x) = (a –xn)1/n where a > 0 and n is a positive integer, then
æ 2 ö f[f(x)] = x. (1983 - 1 Mark)
ç p ÷
1. The values of f ( x ) = 3 sinç - x 2 ÷ lie in the interval
ç 16 ÷ x 2 + 4 x + 30
è ø 2. The function f ( x) = is not one -to -one.
x 2 - 8 x + 18
................. (1983 - 1 Mark)
(1983 - 1 Mark)
x 3. If f 1(x) and f 2(x) are defined on domains D1 and D 2
2. For the function f ( x ) = , x¹0
1 + e1/ x respectively, then f1 (x) + f2 (x) is defined on D1 È D2.
=0 , x=0 (1988 - 1 Mark)
the derivative from the right, f '(0+) = ......................., and the
derivative from the left, f '(0–) = ............... (1983 - 2 Marks) C MCQs with One Correct Answer

x2 1. Let R be the set of real numbers. If f : R ® R is a function

3. The domain of the function f ( x) = sin -1 (log 2 ) is defined by f (x) = x2, then f is : (1979)
2
(a) Injective but not surjective
given by ................. (1984 - 2 Marks)
(b) Surjective but not injective
4. Let A be a set of n distinct elements. Then the total number
(c) Bijective
of distinct functions from A to A is ................. and out of
(d) None of these.
these ................. are onto functions. (1985 - 2 Marks)
2. The entire graphs of the equation y = x2 + kx – x + 9 is
æ 2 ö strictly above the x-axis if and only if (1979)
ç 4- x ÷
5. If f ( x ) = sin lnç ÷÷ , then domain of f(x) is .... and its (a) k < 7 (b) – 5 < k < 7
ç 1- x
è ø (c) k > – 5 (d) None of these.
range is ................. (1985 - 2 Marks) 3. Let f(x) = | x – 1 |. Then (1983 - 1 Mark)
6. There are exactly two distinct linear functions, ................., (a) f(x2) = (f(x))2 (b) f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y)
and ........... which map [– 1, 1] onto [0, 2]. (1989 - 2 Marks) (c) f(| x |) = | f(x) | (d) None of these
7. If f is an even function defined on the interval (-5, 5), then four 4. If x satisfies | x - 1 | + | x - 2 | + | x - 3 |³ 6 , then
æ x +1ö (1983 - 1 Mark)
real values of x satisfying the equation f ( x) = f ç
è x + 2 ÷ø (a) 0£ x£4 (b) x £ -2 or x ³ 4
are ................., ................., ................., and ........... (c) x £ 0 or x ³ 4 (d) None of these
(1996 - 1 Mark) 1é æ xö ù
8. If f(x) = sin 2 x + 5. If f ( x) = cos(ln x), then f ( x) f ( y ) - ê f çç ÷÷ + f ( xy)ú has
2 êë è y ø úû
æ pö æ pö æ 5ö the value (1983 - 1 Mark)
sin 2 çè x + ÷ø + cos x cos çè x + ÷ø and g çè ÷ø =1, then (a) –1 (b) 1/2
3 3 4
(gof) (x) = ................. (1996 - 2 Marks) (c) – 2 (d) none of these
M-60 - MATHEMATICS
6. The domain of definition of the function 13. Let f : R ® R be any function. Define g : R ® R by
1 g(x) = |f(x)| for all x. Then g is (2000S)
y= + x + 2 is (1983 - 1 Mark) (a) onto if f is onto
log10 (1 - x)
(b) one-one if f is one-one
(a) (–3, –2) excluding – 2.5 (b) [0, 1] excluding 0.5 (c) continuous if f is continuous
(c) [–2, 1) excluding 0 (d) none of these (d) differentiable if f is differentiable.
7. Which of the following functions is periodic? 14. The domain of definition of the function f(x) given by the
(1983 - 1 Mark) equation 2x + 2y = 2 is (2000S)
(a) f(x) = x – [x] where [x] denotes the largest integer less (a) 0 < x £ 1 (b) 0 £ x £ 1
than or equal to the real number x (c) -¥ < x £ 0 (d) -¥ < x < 1
1
(b) f ( x) = sinfor x ¹ 0 , f (0) = 0 ì -1, x < 0
x ï
15. Let g(x) = 1 + x - [x] and f ( x ) = í 0, x = 0 . Then for all
(c) f(x) = x cosx
ï 1, x > 0
(d) none of these î
x, f(g(x)) is equal to (2001S)
8. Let f(x) = sinx and g(x) = ln | x |. If the ranges of the
(a) x (b) 1 (c) f(x) (d) g(x)
composition functions fog and gof are R 1 and R 2
respectively, then (1994 - 2 Marks) 1
16. If f:[1, ¥) ® [2, ¥) is given by f(x) = x + then f -1(x) equals
(a) R1 = {u : - 1 £ u < 1}, R2 = {v : - ¥ < v < 0} x
(b) R1 = {u : - ¥ < u < 0}, R2 = {v : - 1 £ v £ 0} (a) (x + x 2 - 4 )/2 (b) x/(1 + x2) (2001S)
(c) R1 = {u : - 1 < u < 1}, R2 = {v : - ¥ < v < 0} (c) (x - )
x2 - 4 / 2 (d) 1 + x2 - 4
(d) R1 = {u : - 1 £ u £ 1}, R2 = {v : - ¥ < v £ 0} log 2 (x + 3)
17. The domain of definition of f(x) = is
9. 2
Let f ( x ) = ( x + 1) - 1, x ³ -1 . Then the set x 2 + 3x + 2
(a) R \ {-1, -2} (b) (-2, ¥) (2001S)
{x : f ( x ) = f -1 ( x)} is (1995) (c) R \ {-1, -2, -3} (d) (-3, ¥) \ {-1, -2}
18. Let E = {1, 2, 3, 4} and F = {1, 2}. Then the number of onto
ïì -3 + i 3 -3 - i 3 üï functions from E to F is (2001S)
(a) í0, - 1, , ý
îï 2 2 ïþ (a) 14 (b) 16 (c) 12 (d) 8
(b) {0, 1, –1} ax
(c) {0, –1} 19. Let f(x) = , x ¹ -1. Then, for what value of a is f (f(x)) = x ?
(d) empty
x +1
(2001S)
10. The function f(x) = |px – q| + r | x |, x Î ( -¥, ¥) where
(a) 2 (b) - 2 (c) 1 (d) -1
p > 0, q > 0, r > 0 assumes its minimum value only on one
point if (1995) 20. Suppose f(x) = (x + 1) for x ³ -1 . If g(x) is the function
2

(a) p ¹ q (b) r ¹ q whose graph is the reflection of the graph of f (x) with respect
to the line y = x, then g(x) equals (2002S)
(c) r ¹ p (d) p = q = r
11. Let f(x) be defined for all x > 0 and be continuous. Let f(x) (a) (b) 1
- x - 1, x ³ 0 , x > -1
æ xö
(x + 1)2
satisfy f ç ÷ = f(x) – f(y) for all x, y and f(e) = 1. Then
è yø (c) x + 1, x ³ -1 (d) x - 1, x ³ 0
(1995S) 21. Let function f : R ® R be defined by f(x) = 2x + sin x for
æ 1ö x Î R , then f is (2002S)
(a) f(x) is bounded (b) f ç ÷ ® 0 as x ® 0
xè ø (a) one-to-one and onto
(b) one-to-one but NOT onto
(c) x f(x) ® 1 as x ® 0 (d) f(x) = ln x
(c) onto but NOT one-to-one
12. If the function f: [1, ¥ ) ® [1, ¥ ) is defined by
(d) neither one-to-one nor onto
f(x) = 2x (x-1), then f–1 (x) is (1999 - 2 Marks)
x
x ( x-1) 22. If f :[0, ¥) ¾¾
®[0, ¥), and f ( x) = then f is
æ 1ö 1 1+ x
(a) çè ÷ø (b) (1 + 1 + 4log 2 x )
2 2 (a) one-one and onto (2003S)
(b) one-one but not onto
1 (c) onto but not one-one
(c) (1 - 1 + 4 log 2 x ) (d) not defined
2 (d) neither one-one nor onto
Functions 61
23. Domain of definition of the function 31. Let f, g and h be real-valued functions defined on the interval
2 2 2 2
p [0, 1] by f ( x) = e x + e - x , g ( x ) = xe x + e - x and
f ( x) = sin -1(2 x) + for real valued x, is (2003S)
6
2 2
h( x ) = x 2 e x + e - x . If a, b and c denote, respectively, the
é 1 1ù é 1 1ù æ 1 1ö é 1 1ù
(a) ê- 4 , 2 ú (b) ê- 2 , 2 ú (c) ç - 2 , 9 ÷ (d) ê- 4 , 4 ú absolute maximum of f, g and h on [0, 1], then (2010)
ë û ë û è ø ë û (a) a = b and c ¹ b (b) a = c and a ¹ b
x2 + x + 2 (c) a ¹ b and c ¹ b (d) a = b = c
24. Range of the function f ( x) = ; x Î R is (2003S) 32. Let f (x) = x2 and g(x) = sin x for all x Î R. Then the set of all
x2 + x + 1 x satisfying (f o g o g o f) (x) = (g o g o f) (x), where (f o g) (x)
(a) (1, ¥ ) (b) (1,11/7] (c) (1, 7/3] (d) (1, 7/5]
= f (g(x)), is (2011)
2
25. If f ( x ) = x + 2bx + 2c 2 and g ( x) = - x 2 - 2cx + b2 such
(a) ± np , n Î{0,1, 2,....}
that min f (x) > max g (x), then the relation between b and c,
is (2003S) (b) ± np , n Î{1, 2,....}
(a) no real value of b & c (b) 0<c<b 2 p
(c) + 2np, n Î{... - 2, -1, 0,1, 2....}
(c) c<b 2 (d) c>b 2 2
26. If f(x) = sin x + cos x, g (x) = x2 – 1, then g (f(x)) is invertible (d) 2np, n Î{... - 2, -1, 0,1, 2,....}
in the domain (2004S) 33. The function f : [0, 3] ® [1, 29], defined by
é pù é p pù é p pù f(x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x + 1, is (2012)
(a) ê0 , 2 ú
(b) ê- , ú (c) ê- , ú (d) [0, p] (a) one–one and onto (b) onto but not one–one
ë û ë 4 4 û ë 2 2û
(c) one–one but not onto(d) neither one–one nor onto
27. If the functions f(x) and g(x) are defined on R ® R such that
ì0,
f ( x) = í
x Î rational ì0, x Î irrational
; g ( x) = í D MCQs with One or More than One Correct
then
î x, x Î irrational î x, x Î rational
(f – g) (x) is (2005S) x+2
1. If y = f ( x) = then (1984 - 3 Marks)
(a) one-one & onto x -1
(b) neither one-one nor onto (a) x = f (y)
(c) one-one but not onto (b) f(1) = 3
(d) onto but not one-one (c) y increases with x for x < 1
28. X and Y are two sets and f : X ® Y. If {f(c) = y; c Ì X, (d) f is a rational function of x
y Ì Y} and {f –1(d) = x; d Ì Y, x Ì X}, then the true 2. Let g (x) be a function defined on [– 1, 1]. If the area of the
statement is (2005S) equilateral triangle with two of its vertices at (0,0) and
(a) f(f–1(b)) = b (b) f–1(f(a)) = a
(c) f(f–1(b)) = b, b Ì y (d) f –1(f(a)) = a, a Ì x 3
[x, g(x)] is , then the function g(x) is (1989 - 2 Marks)
4
2 2
æ æ xöö æ æ xö ö
29. If F ( x ) = ç f ç ÷ ÷ + ç g ç ÷ ÷ where f"(x) = –f(x) and (a) g(x) = + 1 - x 2 (b) g(x) = 1 - x 2
è è 2ø ø è è 2ø ø
g(x) = f '(x) and given that F(5) = 5, then F(10) is equal to (c) g(x) = – 1 - x 2 (d) g(x) = 1 + x2
(2006 - 3M, –1) 2
(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 0 (d) 15 3. If f(x) = cos[p ]x + cos [ -p 2 ]x, where [x] stands for the
greatest integer function, then (1991 - 2 Marks)
x
30. Let f ( x) = for n ³ 2 and æ pö
(1 + x n )1/ n (a) f ç ÷ = -1 (b) f (p) = 1
è 2ø

òx
n- 2 æ pö
g(x) = ( fofo ...of ) ( x ). Then g ( x )dx equals.
14243 (c) f ( -p) = 0 (d) f ç ÷ =1
f occurs n times è 4ø
(2007 -3 marks) 4. If f(x) = 3x – 5, then f–1(x) (1998 - 2 Marks)
1 1
1 1- 1 1-
1 (a) is given by
(a) (1 + nx n ) n + K (b) (1 + nx n ) n + K 3x - 5
n(n - 1) n -1 x+5
(b) is given by
1 1+
1 3
1 1+ 1
(c) (1 + nxn ) n + K (d) (1 + nx n ) n + K (c) does not exist because f is not one-one
n(n + 1) n +1
(d) does not exist because f is not onto.
M-62

5. If g (f(x)) = | sin x | and f (g(x)) = (sin x )2, then f ( x) p

(c) lim =
(a) f(x) = sin 2 x,
g(x) = x (1998 - 2 Marks) x ®0 g ( x ) 6
(b) f(x) = sin x, g(x) = | x| (d) There is an x Î R such that ( gof )( x ) = 1
(c) f(x) = x2, g(x) = sin x
(d) f and g cannot be determined. E Subjective Problems
b- x
6. Let f : (0, 1) ® R be defined by f (x) = , where b is a
1 - bx x
2
constant such that 0 < b < 1. Then 1. Find the domain and range of the function f (x) = 2
. Is
1+ x
(a) f is not invertible on (0, 1)
the function one-to-one? (1978)
1
(b) f ¹ f –1 on (0, 1) and f ¢(b) = f '(0) 2. Draw the graph of y = | x |1/2 for – 1 £ x £ 1. (1978)
3. If f (x) = x9 – 6x8 – 2x7 + 12x6 + x4 – 7x3 + 6x2 + x – 3, find f (6).
1 (1979)
(c) f = f –1 on (0, 1) and f ¢ (b) = f '(0)
4. Consider the following relations in the set of real numbers R.
(d) f –1 is differentiable (0, 1) R = {(x, y); x Î R, y Î R, x2 + y2 £ 25}
2 ì 4 2ü
7. Let f : (–1, 1) ® IR be such that f ( cos 4q ) = for
2 - sec 2 q R' = í( x, y ) : x Î R, y Î R, y ³ x ý
î 9 þ
æ pö æp pö Find the domain and range of R Ç R'. Is the relation R Ç R' a
q Î ç 0, ÷ È ç , ÷ . Then the value (s) of f æç 1 ö÷ is (are)
è 4ø è4 2ø function? (1979)
è3ø
5. Let A and B be two sets each with a finite number of elements.
3 3 2 2 Assume that there is an injective mapping from A to B and
(a) 1 - (b) 1 + (c) 1 - (d) 1 +
2 2 3 3 that there is an injective mapping from B to A. Prove that
8. The function f(x) = 2|x| + |x + 2| – | |x + 2| – 2 |x| | has a local there is a bijective mapping from A to B.
minimum or a local maximum at x = (JEE Adv. 2013) (1981 - 2 Marks)
6. Let f be a one-one function with domain {x, y, z} and range
-2 2
(a) – 2 (b) (c) 2 (d) {1, 2, 3}. It is given that exactly one of the following
3 3 statements is true and the remaining two are false
æ p pö f ( x ) = 1, f ( y ) ¹ 1, f ( z ) ¹ 2 determine f–1(1).
9. Let f : ç - , ÷ ® R be given by f (x) = (log(sec x + tan x))3.
è 2 2ø (1982 - 3 Marks)
Then (JEE Adv. 2014) 7. Let R be the set of real numbers and f : R ¾ ¾® R be such
(a) f (x) is an odd function that for all x and y in R | f (x) – f(y) | £ | x – y |3 . Prove that f(x)
(b) f (x) is one-one function
(c) f (x) is an onto function is a constant. (1988 - 2 Marks)
(d) f (x) is an even function 8. Find the natural number ‘a’ for which
n
10. Let a Î R and let f : R ® R be given by
f (x) = x5 – 5x + a. Then (JEE Adv. 2014)
å f (a + k ) = 16(2n - 1) , where the function ‘f’ satisfies
k =1
(a) f (x) has three real roots if a > 4 the relation f(x + y) = f (x) f (y) for all natural numbers x, y and
(b) f (x) has only real root if a > 4 further f(1) = 2. (1992 - 6 Marks)
(c) f (x) has three real roots if a < – 4 9. Let {x} and [x] denotes the fractional and integral part of a
(d) f (x) has three real roots if – 4 < a < 4 real number x respectively. Solve 4{x} = x + [x].
æp æp öö (1994 - 4 Marks)
p
11. Let f ( x) = sin ç sin ç sin x ÷ ÷ for all x Î R and g(x) = 10. A function f :IR ® IR, where IR is the set of real numbers,
è6 è2 øø 2
2
sin x for all x Î R. Let (fog)(x) denote f(g(x)) and (gof)(x) is defined by f ( x) = ax + 6 x - 8 . Find the interval of
denote g(f(x)). Then which of the following is (are) true? a + 6x - 8x2
(JEE Adv. 2015) values of a for which f is onto. Is the function one-to-one
for a = 3? Justify your answer. (1996 - 5 Marks)
é 1 1ù
(a) Range of f is ê - , 11. Let f(x) = Ax2 + Bx +C where A, B, C are real numbers. Prove
ë 2 2 úû that if f(x) is an integer whenever x is an integer, then the
é 1 1ù numbers 2A, A + B and C are all integers. Conversely, prove
(b) Range of fog is ê - , ú that if the numbers 2A, A+B and C are all integers then f(x) is
ë 2 2û an integer whenever x is an integer. (1998 - 8 Marks)