PROPOSED EXPANSION DESIGN OF ENGINEERING

LABORATORY BUILDING IN SLSU LUCBAN, QUEZON

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

The engineering laboratory building is located at the rear of Marcelo H. Del Pilar

(MHDP) building that is situated at the Southern Luzon State University (SLSU). The second

and third floor extension of engineering laboratory building will be designed using concrete-

filled H section method and post-tensioning of beams.

The expansion will increase the building height from 3.50 meters to a height of 11.50

meters above finished grade. The unique design supports the entire addition on the existing

structure by locating additional columns outside the building that will support the additional

floors. Vertical expansion refers to a process by which a building is built to a certain height with

the intention of possibly expanding it upwards in the future; if such an expansion never occurs,

the original building can stand by itself as a fully functioning structure.

It is most usual that extensions to the buildings are required to be carried out in view of

necessity of more area requirement in the building. The limit of additional floors depends upon

the strength of columns mainly. Sometimes columns are erected very near to the building and

additional floors are provided.

According to James Ambrose,” Reinforced concrete (RC) frame is consists of horizontal

elements (beams) and vertical elements (columns) connected by rigid joints. These structures are

cast monolithically - that is, beams and columns are cast in a single operation in order to act in

unison. RC frames provide resistance to both gravity and lateral loads through bending in beams

and columns.”
 In an RCC framed structure, the load is transferred from a slab to the beams then to the

columns and further to lower columns and finally to the foundation which in turn transfers it to

the soil. The walls in such structures are constructed after the frame is ready.

Steel-concrete composite systems for buildings are composed of concrete components

that interact with structural steel components within the same system. By their integral

behaviour, these components give the required attributes of strength, stiffness and stability to the

overall system. Composite members, as individual elements of a system, have been in use for a

considerable number of years. They consist of composite beams or trusses, encased or filled

composite columns, and steel deck reinforced composite slabs.

Composite columns may consist of either: (1) Concrete encased structural steel shapes; or

(2) Concrete filled tubular steel sections.

Concrete encased steel columns are common. The concrete encasement has often been

considered as only fire and corrosion protection for the steel. However, in recent years, lateral

and sometimes longitudinal reinforcement has been added to the concrete encasement, and the

resultant strength of the steel and concrete interacting has been used for structural purposes. A

steel shape, encased in concrete, may be thought of as reinforcement for the concrete.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Southern Luzon State University (SLSU) is located at Brgy. Kulapi Lucban, Quezon. The

Municipality of Lucban is a second-class municipality located at the foot of Mount Banahaw in

the province of Quezon, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 51,475

people.
 Code requirements related to design and detailing of RC frame buildings in seismic zones

were significantly changed in the early 1970s. Earlier codes focused on the strength

requirements—that is, on providing adequate strength in structural members to resist the lateral

seismic forces. However, based on research evidence and lessons learned from earthquakes in

the early 1970s, code requirements have become more focused on the proportioning and

detailing of beams, columns, and joints with the objective to achieve a certain amount of

ductility in addition to the required strength. Ductility is one of the key features required for

desirable seismic behavior of building structures. It can be defined as the ability of a material to

stretch (deform) significantly before failure. Steel (and some other metals) exhibit ductile

behavior.

Concrete framed buildings are ideal for construction of school buildings and other

buildings when on a budget. Concrete requires no additional fireproofing treatments to meet

stringent fire codes, and performs well during both natural and manmade disasters. Because of

concrete’s inherent heaviness, mass, and strength, buildings constructed withcast-in-place

reinforced concrete can resist winds of more than 200 miles per hour and perform well even

under the impact of flying debris.

With proper design, engineering, and construction, the seemingly rigid structures built

with concrete can exhibit increased ductility - a must in areas prone to seismic activity. However,

according to the Skokie, IL-based Portland Cement Association (PCA), the performance of any

building during an earthquake is largely a function of design rather than the material used in

construction.
OBJECTIVES

The objectives of the proponent in studying this research is to provide the university

officials an idea about the construction of the expansion of the engineering laboratory.

The researchers aim to achieve the following objectives:

1. To design the expansion of the engineering laboratory in SLSU Lucban, Quezon.

2. To estimate the cost of the proposed project.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is for the construction of the expansion of the engineering laboratory as an

educational facility. This study would be a great help for the engineers who were planning to

build such infrastructure for them to be able to meet the specific standards. This study also serves

as a guide and reference for the future researchers who are planning to pursue similar

investigation. This study will also be beneficial to the engineering students and faculty. For the

researchers, information and experience that will be acquired through the conduct in this study

will help them apply their knowledge and skills in the field of civil engineering especially,

Reinforced Concrete Design.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The main focus of this study was to design the expansion of the engineering laboratory

building covering the structural and technical aspects on design and construction of the proposed

building. It will provide the architectural and structural plans and the total estimated costs of the

proposed project. The building is primarily consists of laboratory rooms, multipurpose hall and

comfort rooms. It also includes the computation of technical requirements based on the ultimate
strength design (USD), ACI and NSCP 2010. This study was delimited to the structural analysis

involving reinforced concrete slabs, beams, columns, etc… This includes the computation of

load distributions, plan details, and cost estimates. Cost estimates covered only the construction

materials that were needed in the design of the building.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Beam – is bigger than a joist, which is often supported by beams and laid out in repetitive

patterns.

Column- transmits through compression, the weight of the structure above the other structural

elements below.

Concrete-frame Construction – is a construction in which the structural supporting elements

consist of combinations of steel beams, steel girders, and steel columns, joined together at their

intersections

Dead Loads - the downwards force on the building coming from the weight of the building

itself, including the structural elements, walls, facades, and the like.

Live Loads - the downwards force on the building coming from the expected weight of the

occupants and their possessions, including furniture, books, and so on.

Purlin – is any longitudinal, horizontal, structural member in a roof except a type of framing

with what is called crown plate.

Rafter – is one of a series of sloped structural members (beams) that extend from the ridge or

hip to wall plate, downslope perimeter or eave, and that are designed to support the roof deck

and its associated load.