KALVIAMUTHU

 Jayabahratham 















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KALVIAMUTHU
 KALVIAMUTHU
 Jayabahratham 
g[tpapay;

1. ne;jpahtpd; gug;gst[ - 32,87,263 r.fp.kP

2. ne;jpahtpd; kf;fs;bjhif – (2011) Censes go – 1210 kpy;ypad;
3. ne;jpahtpd; FWf;Bf bry;Yk; flfBuif vt;tst[ ofphp rha;e;Js;sJ - 231/2 o
4. ne;jpahtpd; miktplk; - 8○,4’ tl mr;R Kjy; 37○
68○ fpHf;F bjw;F Kjy; 97○ 25 tiu
5. ne;jpahtpd; tlf;F bjw;F cs;s J]uk; (fh&;kPh; - fd;dpahFkhp) – 3214 fp.kP.
6. ne;jpahtpd; fpHf;F Bkw;F cs;s J]uk; (F$uhj; - mUzhr;ryk;) – 2933 fp.kP
7. ne;jpa flw;fiuapd; bkhj;j ePsk; - 7516 fp.kP (me;jkhd; - epf;Bfhgh; nyl;r jPt[fis Brh;j;J) nit
jtph;j;J - 6000 fp.kP
8. ne;jpah IBuhg;gpa ehLfSld; vjd; tHpahf thzpgk; bra;fpwJ. – Ra^; fhy;tha;
9. ne;jpah rPdh $g;ghd; kw;Wk; M^;jpBuypah vjd; tHpahf thzpgk; bra;fpwJ - kyhf;fh ePh;re;jp
10. Mrpahtpd; kpf bghpa ehL – rPdh 2tJ ehL ne;jpah.
11. cyfshtpa kpf bghpa ehL – nu&;ah, kpfr;rpwpa ehL – thofd;.
12. ne;jpa jpl;lBeuk; fphPd;tpr; 0○ jPh;f;f Beuj;ij vt;tst[ Beuk; Kd;djhf cs;sJ – 5.30 fp.
13. ne;jpa jpl;l Beuk; ve;j efuj;jpypUe;J fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ. (myfhghj; - c.gp)
14. fphPd;tpr;rpw;Fk; (nyz;ld;) ne;jpahtpd; myfhghj;jpw;Fk; nilBa cs;s jPh;f;f Buif tpj;jpahrk; - 82○,30’
15. ne;jpa jpl;l Beuk; ve;j Mz;oypUe;J ehk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ – 1947
16. ne;jpah – nyA;ifia gphpf;Fk; ePh;re;jp – ghf; ePh;re;jp
17. ne;jpahita[k; - kpahd;kiua[k; (gh;kh) gphpf;Fk; kiyj;bjhlh; - muf;Bfhahkh
18. ne;jpahtpd; cah;e;j gPlg{kp - ylhf;
19. cyfpByBa cah;e;j gPlg{kp - jpbgj;
20. ne;jpahtpd; cah;e;j rpfuk; - Bfl;Lh; (fhh;tpd; M^;od;)
21. cyfpByBa cah;e;j rpfuk; - vtbu^;l; (8848)
22. ne;jpahtpd; Bkw;fpYs;s mz;il ehL - ghfp^;jhd; (n^;yhkghj;)
23. ne;jpahtpw;F tl Bkw;fpYs;s ehL Mg;fhdp^;jhd; (fhg[y;)
24. ne;jpahtpw;F tl fpHf;fpYs;s ehL – Beghsk;, g{l;lhd;, rPdh
25. ne;jpahtpw;F fpHf;fpYs;s ehLfs; - tA;fhs Bjrk;, kpahd;kh;
26. ne;jpahtpw;F bjw;Bf cs;s ehL – nyA;if
27. ne;jpahtpd; fpHf;Bf  tA;fhs tphpFlh
ne;jpahtpd; Bkw;F  mugpf;fly;
ne;jpahtpd; bjw;F  ne;Jkh bgUA;fly;
ne;jpahtpd; tlf;Bf  nkakiy
28. tA;fhs tphpFlhtpy; fhzg;gLk; jPt[ - me;jkhd; epf;Bfhgh;
29. mugpf; flypy; cs;s jPt[ - nyl;rj; jPt[
30. cyfpByBa mjpf kiH bga;a[k; nlk; - rpug[q;rp
31. ne;jpahtpYs;s ghiytdj;jpd; bgah; - jhh; (nuh$^;jhd;)
32. Re;jutdf; fhLfs; fhzg;gLk; fhLfs; - Re;jhpfhL (Bkw;F tA;fhsk;) (khA;FBuht; fhLfs;)
33. ne;jpahtpy; 28 khepyk; 7 a{dpad; gpuBjrk;
Me;jpuh  (Ijuhghj;)
mUzhr;ry gpuBjrk;  nl;lhefh;
m^hk;  fp&;g{h;
gPfhh;  ghl;dh
rl;o^;fh;  uha;g{h;

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KALVIAMUTHU
 KALVIAMUTHU
 Jayabahratham 
Bfhth  gdh$;
F$uhj;  fhe;jpefh;
#hpahdh  rz;ofh;
nkhr;ryk;  rpk;yh
$k;K fh&;kPh;  $k;K, !efh;
$hh;fz;l;  nuhq;rp
fh;ehlfh  bgA;fS}h;
Bfush  jpUtde;jg[uk;
kj;jpa gpuBjrk;  Bghghy;
kfhuh&;ouk;  Kk;ig
kzpg;g{h;  nk;ghy;
Bkfyhah  rpy;yhA;
kpB^huhk;  I^;thy;
ehfyhe;J  Bfh#pkh
xorh  g[tBd^;th;
gq;rhg;  rz;ofh;
nuh$^;jhd;  b$a;g{h;
rpf;fpk;  fhe;jhj;
jkpH;ehL  brd;id
jphpg[uh  mfh;jyh
cj;jufhz;l;  BluhLd;
cj;jpugpuBjrk;  yf;Bdh
Bkw;F tA;fhsk;  bfhy;fj;jh
34. gug;gstpy; (ne;jpah) kpfg;bghpa khepyk; -nuh$^;jhd;
35. gug;gstpy; kpfr;rpwpa khepyk; - Bfhth
36. gug;gstpy; 2tJ kpfg;bghpa khepyk; - kj;jpagpuBjrk;
37. gug;gstpy; 2tJ kpfr;rpwpa khepyk; - kfhuh&;ouh
38. mjpf kf;fs; bjhif bfhz;l khepyk; - cj;jpugpuBjrk;
39. Fiwe;j kf;fs; bjhif bfhz;l khepyk; - rpf;fpk;
40. mjpf kf;fs; mlh;j;jp bfhz;l khepyk; - gPfhh; (1102/r.fp.kP)
41. Fiwe;j kf;fs; mlh;j;jp bfhz;l khepyk; - mUzhr;ry gpuBjrk;(17/r.fp.kP)
42. jkpH;ehl;od; kf;fs; mlh;j;jp – 555/r.fp.kP
43. jkpH;ehl;od; kf;fs; bjhif – 7,21,38,958
a{dpad; gpuBjrk; - 7
44. 1.bly;yp  bly;yp
2.me;jkhd; epf;Bfhgh;  Bghh;l; gpBsah;
3.rz;ofh;  rz;ofh;
4.jhjh;ehfh;#Btyp  rpy;thrh
5.lhkd; ila{  lhkd;
6.nyl;rj; jPt[  ftuj;jp
7.g[Jr;Brhp  g[Jr;Brhp
45. mjpf gug;gst[ bfhz;l a{dpad; gpuBjrk; - me;jkhd; epf;Bfhgh;
46. Fiwe;j gug;gst[ bfhz;l a{dpad; gpuBjrk; - nyl;rj;jPt[
47. mjpf kf;fs; bjhif a{dpad; gpuBjrk; - bly;yp
48. Fiwe;j kf;fs; bjhif a{dpad; gpuBjrk; - nyl;rj;jPt[
49. kf;fs; mlh;j;jp mjpfk; bfhz;l a{dpad; gpuBjrk; bly;yp - 11296/r.fp.kP

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KALVIAMUTHU
 KALVIAMUTHU
 Jayabahratham 
50. Fiwe;j kf;fs; mlh;j;jp bfhz;l a{dpad; gpuBjrk; - me;jkhd; epf;Bfhghh;.
51. cyfpByBa kpf cah;e;j kiy – nkakiy
52. gdpahy; K}oa kiy vd;W miHf;fg;gLk; kiy (gdp ciwtplk;)
53. nkakiy Bkw;F fpHf;fhf cs;s ePsk; - 2500 fp.kP (Bkw;Bf $k;K –mUzhr;ry gpuBjrk; tiu)
54. cyfpByBa nsikahd kiy – nkakiy
55. nkakiy kog;g[ kiyfshdJ.
56. cyfpByBa 2tJ cah;e;j rpfuk; - (fhh;tpd; M^;od;)
57. Bf 2 gy;Blhuh gdpahW ve;j kiy rpfuj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ – fhuBfhuk;
58. rpahrpd; fpshrpah; (gdpahW) ve;j kiyj;bjhlhpy; cs;sJ – fhuBfhuk;
59. cyfpYs;s kpfg; bghpa rpfukhd vtbu^;l; rpfuk; mike;Js;s kiyj;bjhlh; - nkhj;jphp
60. fA;Bfhj;hp - aBkhBdhj;jphp , fA;if kw;Wk; aKid Mwpd; gpwg;gplk; - nkhj;jphp kiyj;bjhlh;.
61. ne;jpahtpw;F ghfp^;jhdpw;Fk; nilBa cs;s fdtha; - ifgh;BghByh fdtha;.
62. fh&;kPh; - brh$pyh
nkhr;ry gpuBjrk; - &pg;fpyh
rpf;fpk; - ehJy;yh kw;Wk; $yg[y;yh (ne;jpah – rPdh)
63. Bfhil thHplA;fshd !efh; ghfy;fk;, Fy;khh;f;, Kbrshp, iedplhy; Bghd;w Bfhil thHplA;fspy;
fhzg;gLk; nkakiy (nkhr;ry; kiy (m) rpwpa nkakiy
64. g[dpj nlA;fshd mkh;ehj;, Bfjh;ehj;, gj;hpehj; kw;Wk; it&;ztpBjtp Bfhtpy; mike;Js;sJ.
65. Ld; gs;sj;jhf;Ffs; fhzg;gLk; kiyj;bjhlh; - rpthypf; kiyj;bjhlh;.
66. juha; fhLfs; fhzg;gLk; kiyj; bjhlh; - rpthypf;
67. giHa tz;ly; kz;zpd; bgah; - gA;fhh;
68. g[jpa tz;ly; kz;zpd; bgah; - fhlh; (m) fhjh;
69. ne;jpahtpByBa kpfg; gHikahd kiy – Muty;yp kiy (cyfpByBa kpf gHikahd kog;g[ kiy)
70. Y]dpahW fyf;Fkplk; - fl;r; tisFlh
71. nuh$^;jhdpy; fhzg;gLk; cg;g[ Vhp – rhk;ghh; Vhp (kpfg;bghpa Vhp)
72. ne;jpahtpd; kpf gue;j (tskhd) rkbtsp – fA;if rkbtsp
73. fA;iff;Fk; - aKidf;Fk; nilg;gl;l Mw;Wr;rkbtsp - Bjhthg; (Doab)
74. gPfhhpd; Jauk; vd;wiHf;fg;gLk; MW – Buhrp MW.
75. gpuk;kg[j;jpuh Mwpd; jpbgj;jpy; njd; bgah; - rhd;Bgh
76. jf;fhz gPlg{kpapd; totk; - Kf;Bfhz totk;.
77. mugpf; flypy; fyf;Fk; MWfs; - eh;kij, jgjp
78. kiH kiwt[ gpuBjrk; vd;wiHf;fg;gLtJ - jf;fhz gPlg{kp
79. tskhd fdpk tsA;fis bfhz;l gPlg{kp – Brhl;lh ehfg{hp gPlg{kp.
80. Muty;yp kiyapd; kpf cah;e;j rpfuk; - FWrpfh – 1722 kP (mg[kiyapy; mike;Js;sJ)
81. vq;rpa kiyf;F cjhuzk; - Muty;yp
82. tpe;jpa kiyj;bjhlUf;F nizahd gs;sjhf;F – eh;kij Mw;wpd; gs;sjhf;F.
83. eh;kij –jgjp MWfSf;fpilBa mike;Js;s kiyj;bjhlh; - rhj;g{uh
84. rhj;g{uh vd;gJ 7 kiyfis bfhz;l kiy bjhlh;.
85. Bkw;F bjhlh;r;rp kiyapd; ePsk; 1600 fp.kP (jgjp F$uhj;) – (jkpH;ehL Kjy; fd;dpahFkhp tiu)
86. B$hf; ePh;tPH;r;rpf;F mike;Js;s MW – rhuhtjp (fh;ehlfh) ne;jpahtpByBa kpf cah;e;j ePh;tPH;r;rp -B$hf;
87. Bkw;F bjhlh;r;rp kiyapy; fhzg;gLk; Kf;fpa fhy;tha; - jhy;fhl;, Bghh;fhl;, ghyf;fhl;
88. fpHf;F bjhlh;r;rp kiya[k; Bkw;F bjhlh;r;rp kiya[k; re;jpf;Fk; nlk; - ePyfphp (Blue Mountain)
89. ePyfhpapd; kpf cah;e;j rpfuk; - bjhl;lbgl;lh (2637kP)
90. bjd;dpe;jpahtpd; kpf cah;e;j rpfuk; - MidKo (2695kP)
91. Cl;o mike;Js;s kiy – ePyfphp

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KALVIAMUTHU
 KALVIAMUTHU
 Jayabahratham 
92. bfhilf;fhdy; mike;Js;s kiy – gHdp kiy
93. fpHf;F bjhlh;r;rp kiy – xhprhtpypUe;J, kfhejpapypUe;J jkpH;ehl;od; itif ejpf;F nilg;gl;l gFjp.
94. fpHf;F bjhlh;r;rp kiyapy; kpf cah;e;j rpfuk; - kBfe;jp fphp (1501kP)
95. fpHf;F flw;fiu rkbtspa[k;, Bkw;F flw;fiu rkbtspa[k; re;jpf;Fkplk; - fd;dpahFkhp
96. nuhzg; fl;r; - fd;dpahFkhp Bkw;F flw;fiu rkbtsp
97. Bfushtpd; kpfg;bghpa Vhp – Btk;gehL Vhp
98. khd;R{d; vd;w brhy; bksrpk; vd;w mBugpa brhy;ypypUe;J te;jJ.
99. ne;jpahtpy; gUtf;fhw;wpdhy; epyt[k; fhyepiy - btg;g kz;ly gUtfhw;W.
100. b$l;fhl; vd;gJ ne;jpahtpy; gUtfhw;wpd; bjhlf;f fhyj;ija[k; Kotila[k; fhyj;ija[k; Fwpg;gJ.
101. vy;ypBdh vd;gJ 5-10 tUlA;fSf;F xUKiw epfGk; thdpiy epfH;t[
102. vy;ypBdhthy; Vw;gLk; tpist[ - fLk; twl;rp, fLk; bts;sk;.
103. g[tpg;gug;gpypUe;J caBu bry;y 165 cm f;F 1 cm btg;gepiy Fiwa[k;. 1km – 6 c
104. ne;jpahtpd; Bfhil fhyk; khh;r; - Bk
105. bjd;Bkw;F gUtf;fhw;W tPRk; fhyk; - $Pd; - brg;lk;gh;
106. tlfpHf;F gUtf;fhw;W tPRk; fhyk; mf;Blhgh; - etk;gh;
107. Fsph;fhyk; ork;gh; - gpg;uthp
108. ne;jpahtpd; fhyepiy ehd;f epiyfshf gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
109. khq;rhuy; vd;gJ noa[ld; Toa kiH (Bfush, fh;ehlfh flw;fiu gFjpapy; khA;fha; tpiutpy; cjpUk;)
110. ehh;bt^;lh; vd;gJ tlfpHf;F ne;jpa gFjpapy; tPRk; jyf;fhw;W.
111. igrhfp khj; rPuHpt[ vd;wiHf;fg;gLk; jyf;fhw;W – ehh;bt^;lh;^;
112. jyf;fhw;why; ghjpf;fg;gLk; khepyk; - gq;rhg;
113. bjd;Bkw;F gUtfhw;why; mjpf kiH bgWk; gFjp – tl ne;jpah.
114. kiH kiwt[ gpuBjrk; vd;wiHf;fg;gLtJ - jf;fhz gPlg{kp
115. ne;jpahtpy; kpf mjpfkhf kiH bgWkplk; - bksd;rpuhk; (Bkfyhah)
116. tlfpHf;F gUtfhw;W kiHahy; mjpf kiH bgWk; gFjp – Me;jpuh, jkpH;ehL
117. ek; ehl;oy; 80% kiH bghHpit jUk; gUtfhw;W bjd;Bkw;F gUtfhw;W
118. mjpf kiH bghHpit jUk; gPlg{kp - &py;yhA; (ne;jpah) (1270cm/1 Mz;L)
119. ne;jpahtpy; kpf Fiwthf kiH bgWk; gFjp – jhh; ghiytdk; (25cm/1 Mz;L)
120. 300 cm mjpfkhd kiHia bgWk; gFjpfs;
nkakiyapd; bjw;F rhpt[
m^hk;
Bkw;F tA;fhsk;
bfhA;fd flw;fiu
kyghh;
121. ne;jpahtpy; Bkw;fj;jpa nila{W fhw;why; mjpf kiH bgWk; gFjp – gq;rhg;
122. bjd;Bkw;F gUtfhw;W jpirf;F nizahf mike;Js;s kiy – Muty;yp
123. Bfhil gUtj;jpy; ne;jpahtpd; tlBkw;F gFjpfspy; tPRk; btg;gfhw;W - Y]
124. 50cm Fiwthd kiH bgWk; gFjpfs;
1.fh&;kPh;
2.Bkw;F uh$^;jhd;
3.bjw;F gq;rhg;
4.jf;fhz gPlg{kp
125. g[Jgpf;f jf;f tsA;fs; - R{hpa xsp, fhw;W, jz;zPh;
126. g[Jg;gpf;f nayhj tsA;fs; - fdpkA;fs; (epyf;fhp, nUk;g[, fr;rh vz;bza;)
127. Ez; Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fs; - fe;jfk;, FByhhpd;, brk;g[, kf;dPrpak;, khypg;odpak;, Bghuhd;, nUk;g[, Bfhghy;l;,
Jj;jehfk;.

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KALVIAMUTHU
 KALVIAMUTHU
 Jayabahratham 
128. bgUk; Cl;lr;rj;J – iel;u$d;, bghl;lhrpak;, gh^;Bgl;, gh^;gu^; (NPK)
129. ruiskz; fhzg;gLk; nlA;fs; - Bkw;F bjhlh;r;rp kiy, fpHf;F bjhlh;r;rp kiy, nkakiy mothuA;fspy;
fhzg;gLk;.
130. brk;kz; fhzg;gLk; nlA;fs; - jPgfw;g ne;jpahtpd; fpHf;F kw;Wk; bjw;F gFjp.
131. ghiytd kz; (kq;rs; epw kz;) – jhh; ghiytdk; (fe;jfj;jpd; mhpg;g[ Fiwtpdhy;)
132. fhpry; kz; fhzg;gLk; gFjp – jf;fhz gPlg{kpapd; tlBkw;F gFjp fUikahf nUf;f fhuzk;. mjpf
nUk;g[rj;J cs;sJ. (gUj;jp) nUk;g[, bghl;lhrpak;,mYkpdpak;, bkf;dPrpak;
133. g[jpa tz;ly; kz;zpd; bgah; - fhjh;
134. giHa tz;ly; kz;zpd; bgah; - ghA;fh;
135. tz;ly; kz;zpy; tpisaToa gaph; bey; fUk;g[, thiH, BfhJik
136. ne;jpahtpy; rzy; gaphpl Vw;w – fA;if gpuk;kg[j;jpuh, jhH;e;j Mw;W rkbtsp
137. bjd;dpe;jpahtpy; tz;ly; kz;zpd; tskhd gFjp - fhtphp bly;lh
138. ‘fhpry; kz;’ jPg;ghiwfs; rpijt[Wtjhy; cz;lhfpd;wd.
139. brk;kz; rptg;g[ epwkhf fhzg;gLk; fhuzk; nUk;g[ rj;J mjpfkhf fhzg;gLfpwJ.
140. Bjapiy cw;gj;jpapy; Kjyplk; bgWk; khepyk; mrhk;.
141. ne;jpahtpy; fhLfspd; bkhj;j gug;gst[ - 63.72 kp.r.fp.kP rjtPjj;jpy; 19.39%
142. gRik khwhf; fhLfs; fhzg;gLk; nlA;fs; 200 /cm /1 Mz;L Bky; mjpfkhf kiHbga;jhy; gRik khwhf;
fhLfs;.
143. btg;g kz;ly gUtfhw;W fhLfs; (niya[jph; fhLfs; fhzg;gLk; nlA;fs;) 70cm Kjy; 200cm tiu.
144. 75cm Fiwthf kiHbgWk; gFjpfspy; cs;s fhLfs; Kl;g[jh; fhLfs;, FWA;fhLfs;.
145. 25cm Fiwthf kiHbgWk; jhtuk; ghiytd jhtuk;.
146. khA;FBuht; fhLfs; fhzg;gLk; nlk; (Re;jutd fhLfs;) Bkw;FtA;fhsk;.
147. jkpH;ehl;oy; khA;FBuht; fhL fhzg;gLk; nlk; gpr;rhtuk; (flY]h; Dt)
148. Crpapiyf; fhLfs; nkakiyapd; bjw;F brhpt[ kw;Wk; tlfpHf;F ne;jpah. (3600 kPl;lUf;F Bky; tsUk;)
149. ePyfphpad; btg;g kz;ly fhLfis vt;thW miHf;fpwhh;fs; - Brhyhh;^;
150. ehl;od; vhprf;jp Bjitia fhLfs; vj;jid rjtPjk;
151. xJf;fg;gl;l fhLfs; (Reserve forest) bkhj;j gug;gpy; ghjpf;FBky; xJf;fg;gl;l fhLfs;
152. ghJfhg;g[ fhLfs; (Product forest) 3-y; xU gFjp
153. td ghJfhg;g[ rl;lk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l Mz;L – 1980
154. td ghJfhg;g[ rl;lk; jpUj;jg;gl;lJ – 1988
155. Bjrpa td bfhs;if Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l Mz;L – 1894
156. Kjy; jpUj;jk; 1952, 2tJ jpUj;jk; - 1988
157. Bjrpa tdgFjpapd; Kf;fpa Behf;fk; - 70% fhLfis 33% fhLfshf cah;j;Jjy;
158. cByhf fdpkk; vd;gJ nUk;g[ , brk;g[, kf;dPrpak;, ghf;irl;, jA;fk; Bghd;w cByhfA;fis bfhz;l J.
159. nUk;g[ rhh;e;j fdpkA;fs; - nUk;g[, kf;dPrpak;, epf;fy;, Bfhghy;l;, lA;^;ld;
160. nUk;g[ rhuhj fdpkk; - jA;fk;, bts;sp, brk;g[,ghf;irl;
161. cByhfk; my;yhj fdpkA;fs; - $pg;rk;, bghl;lhrpak;, epyf;fhp, bgl;Buhypak;
162. ehl;od; tsh;r;rpf;F Mjhukhf nUf;Fk; fdpkk; - nUk;g[
163. ehfhPfj;jpd; KJbfYk;g[ vd;wiHf;fg;gLk; fdpkk; - nUk;g[
164. cyfpYs;s bkhj;j nUk;g[j;jhJ nUg;gpd; ne;jpahtpd; rjtPjk; - 20%
165. nUk;g[ cw;gj;jpapy; Kjyplk; - u&;ah
166. kf;dPrpak; cw;gj;jpapy; ne;jpah 5tJ nlk; 20%
167. mYkpdpaj;jpd; jhJ – ghf;irl;
168. cyfpy; ikf;fh cw;gj;jpapy; Kjyplk; tfpf;Fk; ehL ne;jpah – 60%
169. kpd;flj;jh bghUs; bra;a gad;gLk; - ikf;fh

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 Jayabahratham 
170. ne;jpahtpd; Kf;fpa vhprf;jp tsk; - epyf;fhp 67%
171. fUg;g[ jA;fk; vd;wiHf;fg;gLtJ – epyf;fhp
172. 3y; 2 gA;F epyf;fhp ne;jpahtpy; fhzg;gLk;.
khepyk;: $hh;fz;l;, kj;jpagpuBjrk;, rl;O^;fh;, xhprh.
173. ne;jpahtpy; bgl;Buhy; mjpfkhf fpilf;Fk; nlk; - Kk;ig
174. ne;jpahtpy; gad;gLj;Jk; naw;if vhptha[ - 23 gpy;ypad; fdkPl;lh; (me;jkhd; jPt[fspy; kl;Lk; 47.6
fdkPl;lh;)
175. ne;jpahtpd; bkhj;j kpd; cw;gj;jpapy; vt;tst[ rjtPjk; - mdy;kpd; epiyak; 70%
176. ePh;kpd; rf;jp K}yk; fpilf;Fk; kpd;rhuk; - 25%
177. ne;jpahtpd; Kjy; ePh;kpd; epiyak; - lhh;$pypA; 1897 (Bkw;F bgA;fhy;)
178. ne;jpahtpd; nuz;lhtJ ePh;kpd; epiyak; - rptrKj;jpuk; (fhtphp) (fh;ehlfh) 1902
179. a[Budpak;, Bjhhpak; fpilf;Fkplk; - Muty;yp kiy bjhlh;, $hh;fz;l;
180. Bfus flw;fiu kz;zpy; cs;s BkhBdhirl;ypUe;J fpilf;Fk; mZbghUs; - a[Budpak;
181. cyfpy; Bjhhpak; cw;gj;jpapy; ne;jpahtpd; rjtPjk; 50%
182. ne;jpahtpYs;s mDkpd; epiyaA;fs;:
jhuhg{h;  kfhuh&;ouh
fy;ghf;fk;  TlA;Fsk;
uhtj;gl;lh  Bfhl;lh
eBuhuh  cj;jpugpuBjrk;
fhf;ughuh  F$uhj;
iff;fh  fh;ehlfh
183. mDkpd; rf;jp K}yk; ne;jpah cw;gj;jp bra;a[k; kpd;rhuk; - 272 bkfhthl;.
184. R{hpa rf;jpapy; kpd;rf;jpahf khw;Wk; ikak; ne;jpahtpy; mike;Js;s nlk; - g{$; (F$uhj;)
185. R{hpa xspia Beuoahf kpd; rf;jpahf khw;Wk; bjhHpy;El;gk; - Bghl;Blh xy;lhapf; (xU rJu fpByhkPl;lh; 20
bkfh thl;)
186. fhw;W rf;jp kpd;rhuk; mjpfkhf jahhpf;fg;gLk; khepyk; - jkpH;ehL (1) F$uhj; (2tJ)
187. Xj rf;jp ne;jpah 8000 Kjy; 4000 bkfhthl; bfhz;lJ. (fhk;Bg tisFlh 7000 bkfhthl; fl;r; 1000
bkfhthl; (F$uhj;) Re;jutdk; 100 bkfhthl;
188. ne;jpah 40,000 bkfhthl; miy rf;jp K}yk; bgwyhk;.
189. ne;jpahtpy; miyrf;jp cw;gj;jp epiyak; - tpHpq; (150 bkfhthl;) (jpUtde;jg[uk;)(Bfush)
190. 2tJ miyrf;jp epWtg;gl cs;s nlk; - me;jkhd; epf;Bfhghh;
191. Mrhgpd; gHikahd Btshz;ik Kiw – $Pk;
192. Xorhtpd; kw;Wk; Me;jpuhtpd; gHikahd Btshz;ik Kiw – bghL
193. kj;jpagpuBjrj;jpd; gHikahd Btshz;ik Kiw - khrd;
194. Bfushtpd; gHikahd Btshz;ik Kiw – bghd;dk;
195. ne;jpa mhprp cw;gj;jpapy; jd;dpiwt[ mile;j Mz;L – 1977
196. bjd;dpe;jpahtpy; mhprp tpistpf;fg;gLk; gug;g[ - 44 kpy;ypad; Vf;Blh;.
197. jPtu Btshz;ik vd;gJ – tz;ly; kz; gFjpfspy; urhad cuA;fs; fyg;gpd tpij, vU,etPd ve;jpuA;fs;
ePh; ghrd trjpfis gad;gLj;jp mjpf tpisr;riy jUtJ.
198. Bjapiy cw;gj;jpapy; Kjyplk; tfpf;Fk; ehL ne;jpah
199. fhgp cw;gj;jpapy; Kjyplk; tfpf;Fk; ehL gpBurpy;
200. ne;jpahtpy; fhgp cw;gj;jpapy; Kjyplk; tfpf;Fk; khepyk; - fh;ehlfh
201. nug;gh; cw;gj;jpapy; Kjyplk; tfpf;Fk; ehL – kByrpah
202. ne;jpahtpy; ug;gh; cw;gj;jpapy; Kjyplk; tfpf;Fk; khepyk; - Bfush
203. fhhpg;gUtk; - $Pd; - etk;gh;

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 Jayabahratham 
204.fhhp (Fsph;fhyk;) gUt Kf;fpa gaph;fs; - bey;, Brhsk;, gUj;jp, rzy;, fUk;g[, fliy.
205. uhgpg; gaphpd; fhyk; - etk;gh; - khh;r;
206. Kf;fpa uhgpg; gaph; - BfhJik, g[ifapiy, fLF, gUg;g[ tif, jhdpaA;fs;.
207.iraj; gaph;fs; - khh;r; - $Pd;
208. iraj; Kf;fpa gaph;fs; - gHA;fs; (jz;zPh; gHA;fs;), fha;fwpfs;
209. ne;jpahtpd; Kf;fpa czt[ gaph; - bey;
210. cyfpy; bey; cw;gj;jpapy; Kjyplk; - rPdh -1, ne;jpah – 2tJ
211. ne;jpa tptrha Muha;r;rp fHfk; (ICAR) bjhlA;fg;gl;l Mz;L – 1929
212. jkpH;ehl;od; bew;fsq;rpak; - jq;rht{h;
213. jkpH;ehl;od; bey; Muha;r;rp Jiw – MLJiw
214. ne;jpa bey; Muha;r;rp epiyak; - fl;lhf;
215. rk;gh vd;gJ ePz;l fhy gaph; (5to 6 khjk;), FWit (3to 4 khjk;)
216. gRik g[ul;rp vd;gJ Btshz; cw;gj;jpia bgUf;FtJ.
217. btz;ik g[ul;rp – ghy; cw;gj;jp
218. bts;sp g[ul;rp (rhk;gy; g[ul;rp) – Kl;il & BfhHp
219. bghd; g[ul;rp – gHA;fs; bgUf;FtJ
220. kq;rs; g[ul;rp – vz;bza; tpj;Jf;fs;
221. ePyg;g[ul;rp - fly;rhh; cw;gj;jp bghUs; mjpfhpg;gJ (kPd;)
222. BfhJik mjpfk; cw;gj;jp bra;a[k; - gq;rhg;
223. mjpf gug;gpy; cw;gj;jp bra;a[k; - cj;jpugpuBj&;
224. jpid tiffs;, gUg;g[ tiffs; cw;gj;jp bra;a[k; khepyk; - kj;jpagpuBjrk;
225. rzy; cw;gj;jpapy; Kjyplk; tfpf;Fk; ehL – ne;jpah
226. ne;jpahtpy; rzy; cw;gj;jpapy; Kjyplk; tfpf;Fk; khepyk; - Bkw;F tA;fhsk;
227.fUk;g[ cw;gj;jpapy; Kjyplk; tfpf;Fk; ehL – ne;jpah , gpBurpy; - 2, u&;ah – 3
228. fUk;g[ cw;gj;jpapy; 4tJ -
229. ne;jpahtpy; Kjyplk; tfpf;Fk; khepyk; cj;jpugpuBjrk;.
230. Rf;Buh^; mjpfk; fpilf;Fk; khepyk; - jkpH;ehL
231. ne;jpahtpd; Kf;fpakhd niHg; gaph; - gUj;jp
232. gUj;jp tpisa[k; fhyepiy – btg;gk;, kpjbtg;g fhyepiy
233. gUj;jp cw;gj;jpapy; Kjyplk; tfpf;Fk; ehL – rPdh
234. ne;jpah – 4tJ nlk; kfhuh&;ouh
235. jA;f niH gaph; vd;gJ – rzy;
236. fUk;g[ tpisa[k; fhyepiy – mjpf btg;gk;, Nugjk; (btg;g kz;ly gaph;)
237.rzy; tpisa[k; fhyepiy – btg;gk;, Nugjk;
238. g[ifapiyia ne;jpahtpy; mwpKfg;gLj;jpath; - Bghh;j;JfPrpah; (1508)
239. g[ifapiy cw;gj;jpapy; Kjyplk; tfpf;Fk; ehL – rPdh
240.g[ifapiy cw;gj;jpapy; ne;jpah 3tJ nlk;
241. ne;jpahtpy; g[ifapiy cw;gj;jpapy; Kjyplk; tfpf;Fk; khepyk; (Fz;Lh;)
242. vz;bza; tpj;J cw;gj;jpapy; Kjyplk; tfpf;;Fk; khepyk; - F$uhj; (Bth;fliy)
243. Bjapiy tpisa[k; fhyepiy – brHpg;ghd kz;Zld; Toa btg;gkz;ly, Jiz btg;gkz;ly fhyepiy
(cauk; 3000-4000)
244.nug;gh; cw;gj;jpapy; ne;jpah – 5tJ nlk;
245. gHA;fs; kw;Wk; fha;fs; cw;gj;jpapy; 2tJ nlk; - ne;jpah (13%)
247.jhtu caph; El;gtpay; Bjrpa Muha;r;rpikak; bjhlA;fg;gl;l Mz;L – 1985
248.twl;rpapy; tpisa[k; gaph; - jpid tiffs;

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 Jayabahratham 
249.Bjapiy, fhgp mjpfkhf tpisa[k; nlk; - kiyr;rhpt[ (3000 -4000mo)
250.Mg;gps; cw;gj;jpapy; Kjyplk; tfpf;Fk; khepyk; - nkhr;ry gpuBj&;
251.ne;jpahtpd; gHikahd bjhHpyfk; - gUj;jp (fhl;ld; nd;l^;l;hP^;)
252.ne;jpahtpd; khd;br^;lh; vd;wiHf;fg;gLtJ – Kk;ig
253.bjd;dpe;jpahtpd; khd;br^;lh; vd;wiHf;fg;gLtJ – Bfhak;g[j;J]h;
254.nuz;lhtJ kpf bghpa bjhHpy; - rh;f;fiu Miy (ne;jpah)
255.cyfpy; gUj;jp Mil cw;gj;jpapy; ne;jpah 3tJ nlk;
256.gUj;jp Mil tzpfj;jpy; 2tJ nlk; - ne;jpah
257.ne;jpahtpd; kpfbghpa bjhHpy; - gUj;jp
258.nUk;g[, v@F bjhHpyfk; mike;Js;s gPlg{kp – Brhlh ehfg[hp
259.(o^;Bfh) lhlh nUk;g[ v@F bjhHpyfk; - $hk;b&l;g{h; 1907
260.(IISCO) ne;jpa mad; ^;Oy; com – gh;d;g{h; 1919
261.1972 Bjrpa kakhf;fg;gl;lJ.
262.tp^;Bt^;ua;ah nUk;g[ v@F epWtdk; (VJSL) (ikR{h; v@F epWtdk;) Bjhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l
Mz;L 1923 – nlk; fh;ehlfk; rpBkhfh, khtj;jpy;, gj;uhtjp.
263. ne;J^;jhd; v@F epWtdk; (HSL) (Jh;f; Dt) – gpyha;(rl;o^;fh; - 1959)
264. fg;gy; fl;l Bjitahd v@F jfLfs; jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;
265. U}h;Bfyh nUk;g[ v@F epWtdk; - xhprh (1965) (Re;jh;fhh;f Dt) – xhprh
266. Jh;fhg{h; nUk;g[ v@F epwtdk; - Bkw;F tA;fhsk; (1959) (th;j;jkhd; DT)
267. bghf;fhBuh nUk;g[ v@F epWtdk; - $hh;fz;l; khepyk; mrhhpghf; khtl;lk; 1972
268. Bryk; nUk;g[ v@F nUk;g[ v@F epWtdk; - jkpH;ehL
269. tprhfg;gl;ozk; nUk;g[, v@F epWtdk; (flw;fiu Xuj;jpy; mikf;fg;gl;l Kjy; Miy 1992)
270. ne;J^;jhd; Bkhl;lhh; epWtdk; epWtg;gl;l Mz;L – 1948
271. Kjy; thfd bjhHpyfk; epWtg;gl;l nlk; - Kk;ig Fh;yh - 1947
272. ne;jpa bjhiyBgrp epWtdk; mike;Js;s nlk; - bgA;fS}h; 1950
273. kpd;dpay; bghUs;fis jahhpg;gjpy; Kjyplk; tfpf;Fk; khepyk; (bgA;fS}h; - fh;ehlfh)
kpd;dpay; jiyefuk;, vyf;l;hpf; rpl;o
274. xU kdpjd; ruhrhpahf xU ehisf;F vj;jid Kiw Rthrpf;fpwhd; - 2200 Kiw
275. kdpjd; 1 ehSf;F vt;tst[ fhw;iw cs;spGf;fpwhd; - 16Kg
276. fhw;W khriljYf;F mjpfk; fhuzkhf nUg;gJ thfdk; - 70%
277. Bghghy; tp&tha[ frpt[ epfH;e;j Mz;L – 1984. btspahd tha[ - kPj;Bjd; i#BrhiraidL
278. XBrhd; glyj;jhy; jLf;fg;gLk; fjph; - g[wCjhf; fjph;.
279. XBrhd; glyj;ij Brjg;gLj;Jk; tha[ - CFC (FBshBuh g[BshBuh fhh;gd;)
280. gRika[s;s tha[f;fs; - co2, kPj;Bjd;, CH4 ePuhtp,CFC
281. mkpy kiH fz;lwpag;gl;l Mz;L – 1852
282. mkpy kiHf;F fhuzkhd tha[f;fs; - fe;jf –il- Mf;i^L iel;u$d;
283. mkpy kiHahy; ghjpf;Fk; fly; caphp - gpshA;ld;
284. FBshBuh g[BshBuh fhh;gd; gad;ghl;oid Fiwj;J XBrhd; glyj;ij ghJfhf;f ele;j
khehL khd;ohpad; ele;j nlk; tpal;ehk;.
285. er;Rg[if vd;gJ g[ifa[k; K}Lgdpa[k; fye;j fyit (Smoke)
286. er;Rg;g[ifahy; Vw;gLk; Beha;fs; - EiuaPuy; Beha;, epBkhdpah
287. thrid jputpak; mjpfk; cw;gj;jp bra;a[k; khepyk; Bfush.
288. ne;jpa Vw;Wkjp bra;aToa bghUs;fspd; vz;zpf;if – 7,500 (190 ehLfs; Vw;Wkjp)
289. nwf;Fkjp bra;a[k; bghUl;fspd; vz;zpf;if – 140 ehLfs;
290. ne;jpa rhiy Bghf;Ftuj;J J]uk; - 3314 kpy;ypad; fp.kP

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 Jayabahratham 
291. NH7 – jkpH;ehl;ila[k;, Bfushita[k; nizf;Fk; Bjrpa beLq;rhiy
292. NH7- cj;jpugpuBjrk; (thudhrp) – fd;dpahFkhp (TN) -2369 K.m
293. kpf Fiwthd Bjrpa beLq;rhiy – NH47
294. vy;iyBahur; rhiyfs; mikf;fg;gl;l Mz;L – 1960
295. cyfpByBa caukhd nlj;jpy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s rhiy – khdhyp, nkhr;rygpuBjrk; - By
fh&;kPh; - 4273kP
296. ne;jpahtpy; Kjd;Kjypy; nuapy; Bghf;Ftuj;J bjhlA;fg;gl;l Mz;L – 1853
297. nuapy;Bt Bjrpa kakhf;fg;gl;l Mz;L – 1951
298. Kjy; Kjypy; nuapy;ghij mikf;fg;gl;l nlk; - Kk;ig – jhBd – 34.K.m
299. ne;jpahtpd; mjptpiut[ nuapy; -rjhg;jp – 150 km 1hour
300. ne;jpa nuapy; Bghf;Ftuj;J 17 kz;lyA;fshf gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

t.vz; kz;lyA;fs; jiyikaplA;fs;

1. kj;jpa uapy;Bt Kk;ig
2. fpHf;F bfhy;fj;jh
3. fpHf;F kj;jpa uapy;Bt ghl;dh
4. fpHf;F flw;fiu g[tBd^;th;
5. bfhA;fd; uapy;Bt etpKk;ig
6. tlf;F bly;yp
7. tlBkw;F uapy;Bt b$a;g;g{h;
8. tlf;F kj;jpa uapy;Bt myfhghj;
9. tlfpHf;F Bfhuf;g{h;
10. tlfpHf;F vy;iyBahu uapy;Bt khypfhd;
11. bjw;F brd;id
12. bjw;F kj;jpa uapy;Bt brfe;jpuhghj;
13. bjd;fpHf;F bfhy;fj;jh
14. bjd;fpHf;F kj;jpa uapy;Bt gpyh^;g{h;
15. bjd; Bkw;F uapy;Bt #Pg;sp
16. Bkw;F uapy;Bt Kk;ig
17. Bkw;F kj;jpa uapy;Bt $gy;g{h;

301. ne;jpa flw;fiuapd; bkhj;j ePsk; 7516 fp.kP

302. ne;jpahtpy; mike;Js;s kpf bghpa JiwKfA;fspd; vz;zpf;if – 13
303. Bkw;F flw;fiuapy; mike;Js;s JiwKfk; (mugpf;fly;) fhd;lyh, Kk;ig, $t#h;yhy;
BeU, kh;kBfhth g[J kA;fS}h;, bfhr;rp
304. fpHf;F flw;fiuapy; (tA;fhs tphpFlh) mike;Js;s JiwKfk; - J]j;Jf;Fo, bey;Y]h;,
brd;id, tprhfg;gl;ozk;, ghujPg;, fhy;oah, bfhy;fj;jh.
305. ne;jpa fg;gy; fl;Lk; Jiwapy; Mrpahtpy; 2tJ nlk; cyfstpy; 16 tJ nlk;
306. ne;J^;jhd; fg;gy; fl;Lk; jsk; cs;s nlk; tprhfg;gl;ozk;
307. fhh;ld; hPr; bjhHpw;rhiy – bfhy;bfhj;jh
308. krfhd; lf; - Kk;ig

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 Jayabahratham 
309. bfhr;rpd; - fg;gy; fl;Lk; jsk;
310. ne;jpahtpy; Kjy; thd;tHp Bghf;Ftuj;J bjhlA;fg;gl;l Mz;L – 1911
311. lhlh Vh;iyd;^; - 1932 bjhlA;fpath; J.R.O. TATA
312. thd;tHp Bghf;Ftuj;J Bjrpa kakhf;fg;gl;l Mz;L 1953
313. Vh; ne;jpah vd;gJ btspehl;L tpkhd Brit.
314. ne;jpad; Vh;iyd;^; cs;ehl;L
315. ne;jpahtpy; 17 gd;dhl;L tpkhd epiyak; cs;sd.
316. ne;jpa mq;ry; Brit bjhlA;fg;gl;l Mz;L – 1857
317. ne;jpa thbdhyp bjhlA;fg;gl;l Mz;L – 1927
318. mfpy ne;jpah thbdhyp bgah; khw;wk; bra;ag;gl;l Mz;L – 1936
319. Mfhrthdp vd;W bgah; khw;wk; bra;ag;gl;l Mz;L - 1957

Foikapay;
1. gq;rrPy bfhs;if cUthf;fg;gl;l Mz;L – 1955, nlk; - ghz;LA;
2. mZ Ma[j jil xg;ge;jk; cUthf;fg;gl;l Mz;L – 1963
3. bey;rd; kz;Blyh vj;jid Mz;Lfs; rpiwapy; nUe;jhh; - 27
4. ndxJf;fy; (bjd; Mg;hpf;fh) bfhs;if Kot[f;F te;j Mz;L – 1990
5. bey;rd; kz;Blyh FoauR jiytuhf (bjd; Mg;gphpf;fh) Bjh;e;bjLf;fg;gl;l Mz;L – 1994
rhh;f; (SAARC) Bjhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l Mz;L – 198
6. rhh;f; ehLfs; - ne;jpah, nyA;if, ghfp^;jhd;, Beghsk 5 (SARRC – South Asiam agreement and regional co-
operation)
bjw;fhrpa ehLfspd; gpuhe;jpa Tl;likg;g[;, g{l;lhd;, tA;fhs Bjrk;, khyj;jPt[, Mg;fhdp^;jhd;
7. bly;yp –yhTh; nilBa BgUe;J Bghf;Ftuj;J bjhlA;fg;gl;l Mz;L – 1999 Mar 14 (th$;gha;)
8. rPdh Foaurhdij Kjypy; mDkjpj;j ehL – ne;jpah 1949
9. tA;fhsk; ghfp^;jhdpypUe;J gphpe;j Mz;L – 1971
10. R{a^; fhy;thia Bjrpa kakhf;fg;gl;l Mz;L (vfpg;J mjpgh; ehrh;)
11. mZ Ma[j Fiwg;g[ I.eh. rigapy; ne;jpah bfhz;L te;j Mz;L – 1956
12. rhh;f; mikg;gpd; Kjy; bghJ brayhsh; - M&hd;.

bghUshjhuk;

1. ne;jpah xU tsUk; ehL

2. jyh tUkhdk; vd;gJ xU ehl;od; tUkhdj;ij me;ehl;od; bkhj;j kf;fs; bjhifapy; tFf;f fpilf;Fk;
Nt[.
3. bkhj;j ehl;L cw;gj;jp vd;gJ xU ehl;oy; cw;gj;jp bra;ag;gLk; bghUl;fspd; kjpg;g[ kw;Wk; gzpfspd;
kjpg;g[ MFk;. (G.D.P) bkhj;j ehl;L cw;gj;jp
4. GNP bkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp Gross National Product
5. bkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp vd;gJ xU ehl;od; g[tpapay; vy;iyf;Fs; cw;gj;jp bra;ag;gl;l bghUl;fs; kw;Wk;
gzpfspd; kjpg;g[.
6. epfu ehl;L cw;gj;jp = bkhj;j ehl;L cw;gj;jp (-) Bja;khdk; bryt[
7. jyh tUkhdk; mjpfk; cs;s $g;ghd; 47490 lhyh;
8. ehl;od; tUkhdj;ij fzf;fpl vj;jid Kiw – K}d;W
9. fUg;g[ gzk; vd;gJ – fzf;fpy; fhl;lg;glhj gzk; rl;lj;jpw;F Kuzhf bgwg;gl;l tUkhdk;.
10. Kjd;ik Jiw Btshz;ik, tdj;Jiw, kPd; gpoj;jy; kw;Wk; RuA;fA;fs;.
11. nuz;lhk; Jiw cw;gj;jp, kpd;rhuk;
12. gzpfs; Bghf;Ftuj;J tA;fp bjhiybjhlh;g[ tzpfk;, fhg;gPl;Lj; Jiw

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 KALVIAMUTHU
 Jayabahratham 
13. ne;jpa ehl;L tUkhdj;jpy; ve;j Jiwapd; gA;fspg;g[ mjpfk; gzpfs; Jiw 58.4%
14. murpd; jiyaplh bfhs;if (Laissez – faire) vd;gJ muR bghUshjhu bray;fspy; NLglhky; nUg;gJ.
15. ne;jpahtpd; jyh tUkhdk; - 950 lhyh;
16. ne;jpahtpy; Btshz;ikia ek;gpapUf;Fk; kf;fspd; bjhif 70%
17. ne;jpahtpd; Kf;fpa bjhHpy; $t[sp bjhHpy;
fhspf;Bfh Jzpfs; - tA;fhsk;
gl;L  bgdhuh^;
ifj;jwp  jkpH;ehL
rhy;it  fh&;kPh;
kubghUl;fs;  gq;rhg;
18. Ie;jhz;L jpl;lj;jpy; ne;jpahtpy; bfhz;L te;jth; - BeU.
19. fyg;g[ bghUshjhuj;ij mwpKfg;gLj;jpath; - BeU
20. fyg;g[ bghUshjhuk; vd;gJ bghJ Jiwa[k;, jdpahh; Jiwa[k; nize;J bray;gLtJ.
21. g{kpjhd naf;fj;ij bjhlA;fpath; - tpBdhghgBt
22. tpBdhghgBt ahUila rPld; - fhe;jp
23. gRik g[ul;rp vd;gJ BfhJik kw;Wk mhprp cw;gj;jpia bgUf;FtJ
24. Kjy; 5 Mz;L jpl;lk; (51-56) – fduf bjhHpw;rhiy
25. 2tJ 5 Mz;L jpl;lk; (56-61)
26. 3tJ5 Mz;L jpl;lk; (61-65) Btshz;ik + fduf bjhHpw;rhiy
27. cyfkakhjy;, jdpahh;kakhjy;, jhuhskakhjy; ne;jpahtpy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l Mz;L – 1991
28. jhuhskakhjy; vd;gJ bghJJiwfis jdpahh;
29. cyfkakhjy; vd;gJ xU ehl;od; mA;fhoia gd;dhl;L mA;fhoa[ld; bjhlh;g[gLj;JtJ.
30. ne;jpahtpy; cs;s mZkpd; epiyaA;fspd; vz;zpf;if – 17
31. Mhpagl;lh braw;ifBfhs; - ne;jpahtpy; Kjy; Kjypy; Vtg;gl;lJ Mz;L – 1974
32. re;jpuhad; tpz;fyk; Vtg;gl;l Mz;L – 2008
33. 2001 –k; Mz;L kf;fs; bjhif fzf;bfLg;gpd; go ne;jpahtpy; vGj;jwpt[ bgw;wthpd; rjtPjk; - 64.8%
Mz;fs; - 75.25% bgz;fs; - 53.67% (560.68 kpy;ypad;)
34. ne;jpahtpy; mjpf fy;tp mwpt[ bgw;w khepyk; - Bfush 90%
35. ne;jpahtpy; Fiwe;j fy;tp mwpt[ bgw;w khepyk; - gPfhh; 47%
36. jkpH;ehl;oy; vGj;jwpt[ bgw;Bwhh; rjtPjk; - 73.5%
37. nytr fl;lhaf; fy;tp rl;lk; bfhz;L tug;gl;l Mz;L (14 tajpw;Fl;gl;lth;) - 2009
38. nilepiy fy;tp Bkk;ghl;ow;fhf bfhz;Ltug;gl;l jpl;lk; (RMSA Rastriya Matheric Sikshachiyan)
39. cah;fy;tp tHA;Ftjpy; rPdh – 1, mbkhpf;fh – 2, ne;jpah – 3
40. bjhlf;f fy;tp Kd;Bdw;wj;jpw;F khepy muR, ika muRld; nize;J bray;gLk; jpl;lk; - SSA
41. jkpH;ehl;oy; cs;s (DIET) Mrphpah; fy;tpfspd; vz;zpf;if – 30
42. jkpH;ehl;oy; fhw;W K}yk; kpd;rhuk; bgWk; nlA;fs; faj;jhW – jpUbey;Btyp, Muy;tha;bkhHp –
fd;dpahFkhp
43. Bjrpa mdy;kpd; fHfKk;, jkpH;ehL kpd;rhu thhpaKk; Tl;L Kaw;rpapy; mdy; kpd; epiyak; mikf;Fkplk;
- jpUts;S}h;
44. jkpH;ehl;oy; kpfg;bghpa JiwKfA;fs; - brd;id, vd;D]h;, J]j;JFo
45. ne;jpa bghUshjhuj;jpy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j Mz;L – 1991
46. braw;ifBfhs; kw;Wk; bjhiy bjhlh;g[ Jiw Muha;r;rpf;F bghWg;g[ tfpf;Fk; Jiw - ISRO

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KALVIAMUTHU