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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
1
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
2
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Copyright Materials
Course Description
Session 2: Introduction to Effective Seismic Design
February 12, 2018
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
3
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Learning Objectives
Rafael Sabelli, SE
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
4
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Course objectives
• Understand the principles of seismic design of
steel structures.
• Understand the application of those principles to
two common systems:
o Special Moment Frames
o Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames.
• Understand the application of design
requirements for those systems.
Resources
10
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Other resources
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Course outline
Part I: Concepts
1. Introduction to effective seismic design
2. Seismic design of moment frames
3. Seismic design of braced frames
4. Seismic design of buildings
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
6
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Course outline
Part II: Application
5.Planning the seismic design
6.Building analysis and diaphragm design
7.Design of the moment frames
8.Design of the of braced frames
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Session 2:
Seismic design of moment
frames
14
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
7
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Session topics
• Moment-frame behavior
• Analysis of moment frames
• Moment-frame connections and Northridge
lessons
• Beam-to-column connection design and
construction
• Prequalified connections
• Additional topics (time permitting)
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Moment-frame behavior
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
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Column shear
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Column moment
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Beam moment
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
10
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Beam shear
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Overturning
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
11
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Moment detail
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Shear detail
24
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Ductility concept
• Encourage
o Flexural hinging in
beams
• Avoid
o Flexural yielding of
columns
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Fuse concept
• Fuse
o Beam flexural plastic hinges
• Proportioning
o Derive seismic forces from
beam hinges for:
• Beam shear
• Column
o Shear
o Flexure
o Axial
o Panel zone shear
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Elastic analysis
• Sources of flexibility
o Axial deformations
• Columns at bay ends
o Flexural bending deformations
• Beams and columns
o Shear deformations
• Typically only significant at
connections
o Connections
• Panel-zone shear
• Special connections (RBS)
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Analysis
• Panel-zone shear
o High shear in column web at
connection
o Shear deformation allows
relative rotation of beam and
column
o Two ways of modeling
• Explicitly model flexibility
• Use extra beam and column
flexibility to represent panel-zone
flexibility (centerline model)
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Flexible panel
Rigid end zone element
Flexural
offset
length
Flexural • Accurate model
length • Accounts for
significant sources of
flexibility
• Requires significant
modeling effort
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dc
Scissor Elements Parallelogram Model
(approximate) (eight additional elements)
34
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Flexural
length
Rigid end
offset =0”
Flexural • Sufficiently accurate
length model
• Negligible error for
typical spans
• Requires little
modeling effort
• Recommended for
typical buildings
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
37
Vc
Vb(EQ) Vb(EQ)
Vc
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Vc Vc Vc
Vc Vc Vc
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Beam analysis
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Beam analysis
Demand at column face, Mf
(connection, panel zone)
Moment diagram
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Plastic-hinge moment
• Mpr = 1.1 Ry Fy Z (AISC 341-10 §E3.4a)
o Z = plastic section modulus
o Fy = specified minimum yield strength
o Ry = factor representing material overstrength
o Ry Fy = expected yield strength
o 1.1 = factor representing strain hardening
• Mpr = 1.15 Ry Fy Z (AISC 341-16 §E3.4a)
o Cpr = 1.15 given in AISC 358
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Beam analysis
sh Gravity
VE + Vgravity Vgravity
Vgravity
VE
Mf Seismic shear
VE = 2Mpr / Lh
Mpr Lh
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Column analysis
Column analysis
• Use beam capacity to
determine:
o Column flexure
o Panel-zone shear Column
flexure
• Requires determining
column shear
o Corresponding to
beam flexural strength
Panel-zone
shear
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Column analysis
• Portal frame
o Assume inflection points
• Beam mid-span
• Column mid-height
o Determine shears and moments
using free-body-diagrams
Seismic
column shear,
Vc Seismic beam
shear, VE
(from beam
analysis)
47
Refined
moment
diagram
Column mid-height
Vc
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Column shear
hc/2 hc/2
L/2 L/2
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Moment-frame connections
and Northridge lessons
50
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Northridge earthquake
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Flange Stress
Fy
Bolted connection
too flexible
Flexural stresses
concentrate in Mp
flange
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Vflange
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
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Current practice
• Beam hinge moved away from column face
• Welded beam web
• Improved weld access hole to relieve restraint
• Backing reinforced or removed
• Higher toughness welds
• Improved welding techniques
• Improved inspection
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Yielding
moved away
from column
face
Special access
CJP DCW hole per AWS
Remove D1.8, typ.
weld tabs
CJP
backing to
5/ col. flange
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CJP DCW
Remove
weld tabs
remove t+1/16
5/
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16 backing
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Beam-to-column connection
design and construction
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Doubler plates
increase capacity for:
Web local yielding
Web crippling
Panel-zone shear
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Mf
Moment at column face
(from beam analysis)
Decomposed into force
Mf / ho couple
ho
Pf =Mf / ho
Refinement: instead of Mf / ho , you may use
0.85Mf / ho for connections with welded webs for
local forces (WLY, WC, continuity plates).
AISC 341-16 63
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Continuity plates
One-sided Two-sided 2016 two-sided
connection: connection: connection:
½ beam tf Thicker beam tf ¾ thicker beam tf
CJP
Substantial clips
required per AWS
D1.8
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Mf
Moment at column face
(from beam analysis)
Decomposed into force
Mf / ho couple
ho
Vc
Subtract column shear
for net panel-zone
shear
Vpz =Mf / ho – Vc
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
ΣM pc*
> 1.0 ΣM*pc = ΣZc(Fyc – Puc/Ag) +Vc db/2
ΣM *pb
ΣM*pb = Σ[1.1RyFybZb+(sh+dc/2)(2Mpr/Lh ±Vg)]
1.15 in 341-16
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Proportioning (SC/WB)
Vc
Column shear from
portal-frame free-body Column mid-height
diagram
Required flexural strength
Centerline = ½ Mcl –Vc db/2
moment
diagram Virtual beam moment at column
Mcl centerline (from beam analysis)
Refined
moment Effective flexural strength
diagram = Mpc* +Vc db/2
Column mid-height
Vc
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Vc
Vc
θ
Vc
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Connection construction
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• Typical welded-
flange beam-to-
column connection
o Most SMF
connections now
require welded web
• Field welds made
from welding
platforms
74
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
• Inspection
o Ensures quality
• Joints experience high
strain
• Access conditions are
difficult
• Critical joints for lateral
resistance
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Conformance Demonstration
• Ordinary Moment • Special and
Frame (OMF [no testing Intermediate Moment
or prequalification]) Frames (SMF [E3.6c]
o Develop beam strength & IMF [E2.6c])
o Use high notch- o Use prequalified
toughness connection; or
o Provide special joint o Use tested connection
detailing at welded beam • Similar sizes to project
flanges and continuity • 4% rotation for SMF
plates • 2% rotation for IMF
84
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Prequalified connections
85
Prequalified connections
• AISC 341 requires • AISC 358
“conformance o AISC prequalification
demonstration” of standard
connections o Produced by AISC
o Qualification testing prequalification panel
• Limited extrapolation o Multiple connections
o “Prequalification” • Design methods
• Based on testing • Limits
• Applicability determined • Requirements
by expert panel
• Published standard
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
CONXL (ConXtech)
• Proprietary
• 2-way system
• Bolted collars
• 16” concrete-filled box columns
• RBS if required
o (to meet SC/WB)
• Beam expected to yield
o Capacity design
o Consideration of both axes
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Other Connections
• AISC 341 • Other entities may
o Allows prequalified also meet
connections requirements
o Defines o ICC-ES
prequalification
• Connections
• AISC CPRP meets o Slotted Web
requirements for • ICC-ES report
prequalification body o Free Flange
o Welded Haunch
94
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
47
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Additional topics
95
Stability bracing
Braced at defined
spacing
Brace outside of
hinge region
Moment diagram
Braced at column
96
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Stability bracing
97
Protected zones
~ ½d
~ ½d
Beam-to-column connections
98
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
49
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Beam-to-column
connections
Column Splices
Base plates
99
Summary
100
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
50
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Summary
• Moment frames provide inelastic drift through
beam hinging
• Proportioning moment frames to favor beam
hinging increases the inelastic drift capacity
• Highly-restrained welded joints at beam-to-
column connections require attention to detail to
allow beam yielding before rupture
• There are many prequalified connections have
been developed that provide reliable performance
101
End of session 2
Next:
Seismic design of
braced frames
102
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
51
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Additional resources
103
Question time
104
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
54
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
55
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
56
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
57
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
February 12, 2018 Session 2: Seismic Design of Moment Frames
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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