ASSIGNMENT

Course Code ESC108A

Course Name Elements of Electrical Engineering
Programme B. Tech.
Department Electrical engineering
Faculty Faculty of Engineering & Technology

Name of the Student Pritam Das

Reg. No 17ETCS002130
Semester/Year 1st/2017
Mr. S. Nagaraj Rao, Mr. Sachin S. and
Course Leader/s
Mr. Veerabhadra

i
 Declaration Sheet
Student Name Pritam Das
Reg. No 17ETCS002130
Programme B. Tech. Semester/Year 1st/2017
Course Code ESC108A
Course Title Elements of Electrical Engineering
Course Date to
Course Leader Mr. S. Nagaraj Rao, Mr. Sachin S. and Mr. Veerabhadra

Declaration

The assignment submitted herewith is a result of my own investigations and that I have
conformed to the guidelines against plagiarism as laid out in the Student Handbook. All
sections of the text and results, which have been obtained from other sources, are fully
referenced. I understand that cheating and plagiarism constitute a breach of University
regulations and will be dealt with accordingly.

Signature of the
Date
Student
Submission date
stamp
(by Examination & Assessment
Section)
Signature of the Course Leader and date Signature of the Reviewer and date

ii
 Contents
____________________________________________________________________________

Declaration Sheet ...................................................................................................................................... ii

Contents .................................................................................................................................................... iii
List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................. iv
List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. v
List of Symbols .......................................................................................................................................... vi
Question No. A.1........................................................................................................................................ 7
A1.1 Discuss Norton’s and Superposition theorems with an example each ......................................... 7
Question No. B.1 ...................................................................................................................................... 10
B1.1 Value of the effective resistance between terminals A and B ..................................................... 10
B1.2 Value of ‘R x ’ for transfer of maximum power ............................................................................. 11
B1.3 Value of ‘R x ’ for transfer of maximum power ............................................................................. 11
Question No. B.2 ...................................................................................................................................... 12
B2.1 Calculate the value of the resistor using color code.................................................................... 12
B2.2 Draw the network configuration for the given circuits ............................................................... 12
B.3 Calculate the voltage drop across each resistor for the given circuits shown in........................... 12
B.4 Calculate the current drop across each resistor for the given circuits shown in figures 2 and 3. . 13
Question No. B.3 ...................................................................................................................................... 14
B3.1 Total connected load in kW ......................................................................................................... 14
B3.2 Maximum current drawn from the supply .................................................................................. 14
B3.3 Daily consumption of energy ....................................................................................................... 14
B3.4 Electricity bill for the month of September ................................................................................. 14
Question No. B.4 ...................................................................................................................................... 15
B4.1 Plot ‘V DC ’ vs ‘I DC ’ using Table 1. .................................................................................................... 15
B4.2 analyse the plot of ‘V DC ’ vs ‘I DC ’ and derive the mathematical equation. ................................... 16
B4.3 Verify the simulation results experimentally. .............................................................................. 16
B4.4 Interpret both simulation and experimental results. .................................................................. 17

<Subject Title> iii

 List of Tables
____________________________________________________________________________

Table No. Pg.No.

Table 4.1 15
Table 4.2 16

<Subject Title> iv
 List of Figures
____________________________________________________________________________

Figure No. Pg.No.

Figure 1.1 7
Figure 1.2 7
Figure 1.3 8
Figure 1.4 8
Figure 1.5 8
Figure 1.6 8
Figure 2.1 10
Figure 3.1 12
Figure 3.2 12
Figure 4.1 17
Figure 4.2 17

v
 List of Symbols
____________________________________________________________________________

Symbol Description Units

A Current Amp
g Acceleration due to gravity - 9.81 m/s2
V Voltage Volts
w Width mm

<Subject Title> vi
 Question No. A.1
Solution to Question No. A.1:

A1.1 Discuss Norton’s and Superposition theorems with an example each

Norton Theorem
An equivalent circuit containing of a single independent Current Source
IN and a Parallel Resistance RN can replace any Linear Electric Network or
complex circuit with Current and Voltage sources.
We can analyse Electric Circuits through Norton Theorem
Fig (1.1)
Example:
Find R N , I N , the current flowing through and Load Voltage across the load resistor in fig (1) by using Norton’s
Theorem.
Calculate / measure the Short Circuit Current. This is the Norton Current (I N ).
We have shorted the AB terminals to determine the Norton current, I N .
Therefore, the Total Resistance of the circuit to the Source is-
2Ω + (6Ω || 3Ω) … (|| = in parallel with).
R T = 2Ω + [(3Ω x 6Ω) / (3Ω + 6Ω)] → I T = 2Ω + 2Ω = 4Ω.
R T = 4Ω
I T = V / R T = 12V / 4Ω = 3A... Fig (1.2)

Now we have to find I SC = I N … Apply CDR… (Current Divider Rule)…

I SC = I N = 3A x [(6Ω / (3Ω + 6Ω)] = 2A.
I SC = I N = 2A.
We find the Norton Resistance (R N ) for the circuit .We can see that 3Ω resistor is in series with a parallel
combination of 6Ω resistor and 2Ω resistor. i.e.:
3Ω + (6Ω || 2Ω) … (|| = in parallel with)
R N = 3Ω + [(6Ω x 2Ω) / (6Ω + 2Ω)] = 3Ω + 1.5Ω = 4.5Ω
Load Current through Load Resistor…
I L = I N x [R N / (R N + R L )] = 2A x (4.5Ω /4.5Ω +1.5Ω)
I L = 1. 5A
In addition, the Load Voltage across Load Resistor…
V L = I L x R L = 1.5A x 1.5Ω
V L = 2.25V
Superposition Theorem
The superposition principle states that the voltage across (or current
through) an element in a linear circuit is the algebraic sum of the
voltages across (or currents through) that element due to each
independent source acting alone.
We can analyse Electric Circuits through Superposition Theorem
Example:
In the circuit below, find the current i by superposition
Turn off the 3A & 12V sources
4+8+4 −4 −20
( )( )
−4 4+3 0 Fig (1.3)

16𝑖𝑖2 − 4𝑖𝑖3 = −24

−4𝑖𝑖2 + 7𝑖𝑖3 = 0 ==> 𝑖𝑖3 = −1

Fig (1.4) Fig (1.5) Fig (1.6)

𝑖𝑖1 = 1 𝑖𝑖2 = 2 𝑖𝑖3 = −1

A1.2 Conditions for applying Norton’s and Superposition theorem
Conditions for Applying Superposition Theorem -

Discussing superposition hypothesis, it is material for both the straight and two-sided systems. The system
ought to have free sources and linier subordinate sources. It is not pertinent when the protection continues
changing with time and voltage.

States of Applying Norton's Theorem -

The given system ought to be all around characterized. The circuit esteems ought to be resolvable

A1.3 Suitability of Norton’s/ superposition theorem for power calculation

Superposition hypothesis is not appropriate for control computation. It relevant for the straight circuits.
The recipe of energy figuring is not straight. The equation is P = I2R. Norton's Theorem is material for
control estimation since we can change the circuit to Thevenin's identical circuit. At that point, we can
discover the power. In this manner, Norton's hypothesis is reasonable for control figuring.

A1.4 Justify your stance with conclusion

There are many motivations to incline toward Norton's hypothesis to Superposition hypothesis.
Superposition is material for linier circuits and not appropriate for control figuring. In an overwhelming
circuit, in the event that we utilize Superposition hypothesis then we need to ascertain the streams
applying one free source. From that point forward, again we need to on another autonomous source and

<Subject Title> 8
off the past source. In this way, we have measure the qualities one by one. At the last, we need to choose
the bearing of the present then in like manner that we need to subtract or expansion. Consequently, in
complex circuits there are many sources so it will be elusive the outcome. In the event of Norton's
hypothesis, it is considerably less demanding than Superposition. In Norton's hypothesis, it does not make
a difference how the perplexing circuit it is, finally, we will have a present circuit and a resistor in parallel.
In this way, the count will be simple. In Norton's hypothesis first we need to discover IN then the
proportionate protection of the circuit R N . In the wake of figuring these qualities, we need to locate the
current through the heap protection. Along these lines, it will be considerably less demanding from
superposition. Superposition is additionally not pertinent for non-direct circuits but rather it not the
situation in Norton's hypothesis. So it is generally utilized for complex circuits. Consequently, I suggest
Norton's hypothesis for complex circuits.

<Subject Title> 9
 Question No. B.1
Solution to Question No.B.1:
B1.1 Value of the effective resistance between terminals A and B

Fig (2.1)

For the above circuit,

R 2 and R 3 are parallel to each other,
6 ∗ 12
𝑅𝑅𝑃𝑃1 = 𝑅𝑅2 ||𝑅𝑅3 = = 4Ω
6 + 12
R 2 and R 3 are parallel to each other,
30 ∗ 6
𝑅𝑅𝑃𝑃2 = 𝑅𝑅4 ||𝑅𝑅5 = = 5Ω
30 + 6
R 7 and R 8 are in series to each other,
𝑅𝑅𝑆𝑆1 = 𝑅𝑅7 + 𝑅𝑅8 = 32 + 40 = 72Ω
R P1 and R P2 are in series to each other,
𝑅𝑅𝑆𝑆2 = 𝑅𝑅𝑃𝑃1 + 𝑅𝑅𝑃𝑃2 = 4 + 5 = 9Ω
R S1 and R S2 are in parallel to each other,
9 ∗ 72
𝑅𝑅𝑃𝑃3 = 𝑅𝑅𝑆𝑆1 ||𝑅𝑅𝑆𝑆2 = = 8Ω
9 + 72
R P3 and R 6 are in series to each other,
𝑅𝑅𝑆𝑆3 = 𝑅𝑅𝑃𝑃3 + 𝑅𝑅6 = 8 + 2 = 10Ω
R S3 and R 9 are in parallel to each other,
10 ∗ 15
𝑅𝑅𝑃𝑃4 = 𝑅𝑅𝑆𝑆3 ||𝑅𝑅9 = = 6Ω
10 + 15
R P4 and R 1 are in series to each other,
𝑅𝑅𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝑅𝑅𝑃𝑃4 + 𝑅𝑅1 = 6 + 4 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏Ω

Resistance between terminal A and terminal B is𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 Ω.

<Subject Title> 10
B1.2 Value of ‘Rx’ for transfer of maximum power
Maximum power transferred can be deduced by Thevenin’s Theorem.
Comparing the values with Thevenin’s Theorem,
𝑉𝑉𝑡𝑡ℎ = 𝑉𝑉1 = 30𝑉𝑉
𝑅𝑅𝑡𝑡ℎ = 𝑅𝑅𝑋𝑋 𝛺𝛺 + 25Ω
𝑅𝑅𝐿𝐿 = 10 𝛺𝛺
According to Thevenin’s Theorem, for maximum power transfer 𝑅𝑅𝑡𝑡ℎ should be equal to 𝑅𝑅𝐿𝐿
𝑅𝑅𝐿𝐿 = 𝑅𝑅𝑡𝑡ℎ
𝑅𝑅𝑋𝑋 𝛺𝛺 + 25Ω = 10 𝛺𝛺
𝑅𝑅𝑋𝑋 𝛺𝛺 = −15 𝛺𝛺

For maximum power transfer Rx is equal to−𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝜴𝜴.

B1.3 Value of ‘Rx’ for transfer of maximum power

From above sub question
2
𝑉𝑉𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇
𝑃𝑃(𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚) = − − − − − − − − − (1)
4𝑅𝑅𝐿𝐿
By using KCL in the above circuit,
2
𝑉𝑉𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 (30)2
𝑃𝑃(𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚) = = = 22.5 𝑊𝑊
4𝑅𝑅𝐿𝐿 4 ∗ 10
𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴 𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 𝟐𝟐. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝑾𝑾

<Subject Title> 11
 Question No. B.2
Solution to Question No. B.2:

B2.1 Calculate the value of the resistor using color code.

In the given question the color codes are --

R1 = Brown, Green, Red, Gold = 1*10 + 5 + 102 ± 5 % Ω = 1500 ± 5 % Ω

R2 = Yellow, Violet, Orange, Silver = 4*10 + 7 + 103 ± 10 % Ω = 47000 ± 10 % Ω

R3 = Red, Green, Red, Gold = 2*10 + 5 + 102 ± 5 % Ω = 2500 ± 5 % Ω

R4 = White, Black, Red, Silver = 9*10 + 0 + 102 ± 10 % Ω = 9000 ± 10 % Ω

B2.2 Draw the network configuration for the given circuits

R1
R1 R2
1500Ω
1500Ω 47000Ω 5%
5% 10%
V2
R3 R2 R3
60 V
V1 2500Ω 2500Ω
11 V
V1 47000Ω
5% 30 V 5%
10%

R4 R4

9000Ω 9000Ω
10% 10%
Fig (3.2) Fig (3.3)

B.3 Calculate the voltage drop across each resistor for the given circuits shown in
For Figure 2,
Firstly, we need to find the equivalent resistance for the figure 2 viz.
𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 1500 + 47000 + 2500 + 9000 = 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 Ω
Secondly, we will find the Current in the equivalent circuit for figure 2 viz.
𝑉𝑉 30
𝐼𝐼 = = = 𝟓𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏−𝟒𝟒 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨
𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 60000
Now the voltage drop across each resistors are as follows –
𝑉𝑉1 = 𝐼𝐼 ∗ 𝑅𝑅1 = 5 ∗ 10 −4 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ∗ 1500 Ω = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝑽𝑽
𝑉𝑉2 = 𝐼𝐼 ∗ 𝑅𝑅2 = 5 ∗ 10−4 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ∗ 47000 Ω = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟓𝟓 𝑽𝑽
𝑉𝑉3 = 𝐼𝐼 ∗ 𝑅𝑅3 = 5 ∗ 10−4 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ∗ 2500 Ω = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝑽𝑽
𝑉𝑉4 = 𝐼𝐼 ∗ 𝑅𝑅4 = 5 ∗ 10−4 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ∗ 9000 Ω = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟓𝟓 𝑽𝑽
For Figure 3,
Firstly, we need to find the equivalent resistance for the figure 3 viz.
(1500 ∗ 47000)
𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = � � + 2500 + 9000 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 Ω
(1500 + 47000)
Secondly, we will find the Current in the equivalent circuit for figure 3 viz.
𝑉𝑉 90
𝐼𝐼 = = = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏−𝟑𝟑 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨
𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 12953.60
Now the voltage drop across each resistors are as follows –

<Subject Title> 12
As R1 and R2 are parallel, we need to find the equivalent first. Then both the Voltages will be same –

(1500 ∗ 47000)
𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑞𝑞 ′ = � � = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 Ω
(1500 + 47000)
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉’ = 𝐼𝐼 ∗ 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅’ = 6.9478 ∗ 10−3 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ∗ 1453.608247 Ω = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑽𝑽
Therefore the value of V1 and V2 are
𝑉𝑉1 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑽𝑽
𝑉𝑉2 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑽𝑽
In addition, the value of remaining resistance is
𝑉𝑉3 = 𝐼𝐼 ∗ 𝑅𝑅3 = 6.9478 ∗ 10−3 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ∗ 2500 Ω = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝑽𝑽
𝑉𝑉4 = 𝐼𝐼 ∗ 𝑅𝑅4 = 6.9478 ∗ 10−3 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ∗ 9000 Ω = 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 𝑽𝑽

B.4 Calculate the current drop across each resistor for the given circuits shown in figures 2 and 3.
For Figure 2,
Firstly, we need to find the equivalent resistance for the figure 2 viz.
𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 1500 + 47000 + 2500 + 9000 = 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 Ω
Secondly, we will find the Current in the equivalent circuit for figure 2 viz.
𝑉𝑉 30
𝐼𝐼 = = = 𝟓𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏−𝟒𝟒 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨
𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 60000
Now the current drop across each resistors are as follows –
Since all resistor are in series so the current for each resistor will be equal to current of equivalent circuit
𝐼𝐼1 = 𝟓𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏−𝟒𝟒 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨
𝐼𝐼2 = 𝟓𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏−𝟒𝟒 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨
𝐼𝐼3 = 𝟓𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏−𝟒𝟒 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨
𝐼𝐼4 = 𝟓𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏−𝟒𝟒 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨
For Figure 3,
Firstly, we need to find the equivalent resistance for the figure 3 viz.
(1500 ∗ 47000)
𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = � � + 2500 + 9000 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 Ω
(1500 + 47000)
Secondly, we will find the Current in the equivalent circuit for figure 3 viz.
𝑉𝑉 90
𝐼𝐼 = = = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏−𝟑𝟑 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨
𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 12953.60
Now the current drop across each resistors are as follows –
As R1 and R2 are parallel, we need to find the equivalent first. Then both the Voltages will be same –

(1500 ∗ 47000)
𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑞𝑞 ′ = � � = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 Ω
(1500 + 47000)
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉’ = 𝐼𝐼 ∗ 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅’ = 6.9478 ∗ 10−3 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ∗ 1453.608247 Ω = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑽𝑽
Therefore the value of I1 and I2 are
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑞𝑞 ′ 10.0994
𝐼𝐼1 = = = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏−𝟑𝟑 𝑨𝑨
𝑅𝑅1 1500
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑞𝑞 ′ 10.0994
𝐼𝐼2 = = = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏−𝟒𝟒 𝑨𝑨
𝑅𝑅2 47000
And the value of remaining resistance is
𝐼𝐼3 = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏−𝟑𝟑 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨
𝐼𝐼4 = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏−𝟑𝟑 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨

<Subject Title> 13
 Question No. B.3
Solution to Question No. B.3:
Firstly, we need to find the output value of 380W water pump of 80% efficiency running for two
hours a day viz.
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸(%) =
𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
80 380
=
100 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
380
𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒
0.8
B3.1 Total connected load in kW
According to the above given data,
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 = (16 ∗ 15) + (4 ∗ 75) + (1 ∗ 750) + (1 ∗ 100) + (1 ∗ 475) = 1865 𝑊𝑊 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲

B3.2 Maximum current drawn from the supply

We know that,𝑷𝑷 = 𝑽𝑽 ∗ 𝑰𝑰, 𝑽𝑽 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
So Maximum current drawn,
𝑷𝑷
𝑰𝑰 =
𝑽𝑽
(16 ∗ 15) + (4 ∗ 75) + (1 ∗ 750) + (1 ∗ 100) + (1 ∗ 475)
𝑰𝑰 =
230 𝑉𝑉
𝑰𝑰 = 𝟖𝟖. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨

3.3 Daily consumption of energy

According to the given data the daily consumption of energy is –
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾ℎ
(16 ∗ 15 ∗ 5) + (4 ∗ 75 ∗ 10) + (1 ∗ 750 ∗ 1) + (1 ∗ 100 ∗ 6) + (1 ∗ 475 ∗ 2)
=
1000
= 𝟔𝟔. 𝟓𝟓 𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲

B3.4 Electricity bill for the month of September

As we know, the number of days in September is 30 days. We need to calculate electricity bill for
the month of September. As per BESCOM.org, I will follow the rate per KW for above 50 KWH for
tariff plan LT-3 (i) as 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖. 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 ₹𝟖𝟖. 𝟓𝟓 (Approved as per Tariff Order 2017)
(16∗15∗5)+(4∗75∗10)+(1∗750∗1)+(1∗100∗6)+(1∗475∗2)
𝑇𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = � � ∗ 30 ∗ ₹ 8.5 = ₹1657.5
1000
According to the question, the rent of the energy meter is ₹ 20 so we need to add this amount to the above
amount viz.
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = ₹1657.5 + ₹20 = ₹𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟓𝟓

<Subject Title> 14
 Question No. B.4
Solution to Question No. B.4:
According to the question, I have taken the resistance as 2Ω in series with voltage
V DC (Volts) I DC (Amps)

0 0

1 0.48

2 0.98

3 1.46

4 1.96

5 2.5

6 3

7 3.47

8 3.96

9 4.45

10 4.99

Table (4.1)

B4.1 Plot ‘VDC’ vs ‘IDC’ using Table 1.

Fig (1.10)

<Subject Title> 15
B4.2 analyse the plot of ‘VDC’ vs ‘IDC’ and derive the mathematical equation.
The nature of the above graph is linear. Since we can see that when we increase the voltage the current also
increases linearly. The Ohm law states that” Whenever, we apply a potential difference i.e. voltage across a
resistor of a closed electric circuit, current starts flowing through it. The current (I) is directly proportional to
the applied voltage (V), provided temperature and all other factors remain constant.” The above statement
can be written as –
𝐼𝐼 𝛼𝛼 𝑉𝑉
𝑉𝑉 = 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼
𝑤𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒, 𝑅𝑅 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
𝑅𝑅 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅

B4.3 Verify the simulation results experimentally.

The simulation done experimentally gives the results as per follows for taking resistance as 2Ω.

V DC (Volts) I DC (Amps)(Theoritical) I DC (Amps)(Practical)

0 0 0

1 0.5 0.485

2 1 0.988

3 1.25 1.47

4 2 1.964

5 2.5 2.52

6 3 3

7 3.5 3.48

8 4 3.96

9 4.5 4.44

10 5 4.99

Table (4.2)

<Subject Title> 16
B4.4 Interpret both simulation and experimental results.
Ammeter Ammeter
R1 + - R1 + -
A 4.500 A
3.000
2Ω 2Ω

V1 V1

6V 9V

Fig (4.1) Fig (4.2)

For the above two simulated diagram we can overview that the value which we get from the
simulated diagram is nearly equal to the value we have find out practically.
V DC (Volts) I DC (Amps)(Theoritical) I DC (Amps)(Practical)
6 3 3
9 4.5 4.44

Fig (4.3)

<Subject Title> 17