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1. DNA replication
Page: 977 Difficulty: 2 Ans: C
The Meselson-Stahl experiment established that:
2. DNA replication
Page: 978 Difficulty: 2 Ans: D
When a DNA molecule is described as replicating bidirectionally, that means that it has two:
A) chains.
B) independently replicating segment.
C) origins.
D) replication forks.
E) termination points.
3. DNA replication
Page: 979 Difficulty: 2 Ans: D
An Okazaki fragment is a:
4. DNA replication
Pages: 979-984 Difficulty: 2 Ans: C
Which one of the following statements about enzymes that interact with DNA is true?
A) E. coli DNA polymerase I is unusual in that it possesses only a 5' 3' exonucleolytic
activity.
B) Endonucleases degrade circular but not linear DNA molecules.
C) Exonucleases degrade DNA at a free end.
D) Many DNA polymerases have a proofreading 5' 3' exonuclease.
E) Primases synthesize a short stretch of DNA to prime further synthesis.
5. DNA replication
Page: 982 Difficulty: 2 Ans: C
E. coli DNA polymerase III:
6. DNA replication
Page: 982 Difficulty: 2 Ans: D
The 5' 3' exonuclease activity of E. coli DNA polymerase I is involved in:
7. DNA replication
Pages: 982-983 Difficulty: 2 Ans: C
Prokaryotic DNA polymerase III:
9. DNA recombination
Page: 1012 Difficulty: 3 Ans: C
The bacteriophage can lysogenize after infecting a bacterium, i.e. integrate into the host
bacterial chromosome by site-specific recombination, and may reside there for many
generations before an excision event regenerates the viral genome in an infective form.
Which one of the following is not a component of these events?
Ans: The polarity of the strands indicates that the top strand is the template for lagging strand
synthesis, and the bottom strand is the template for leading strand synthesis. (See Fig. 25-4,
p. 979.)
Ans: During DNA replication, one strand is synthesized continuously and the other is
synthesized by a discontinuous mechanism. The daughter chain, which appears to be
growing in the 3' 5' direction (the “lagging strand”), is actually being synthesized by
continual initiation of new chains and their elongation in the 5' 3' direction.
To observe DNA synthesis on this substrate in vitro, what additional reaction components
must be added?
Ans: The top strand (the primer) has its 5' end to the left; the bottom (template) strand has
the opposite polarity. For DNA synthesis with this substrate in vitro, one would have to add
DNA polymerase, the four deoxynucleoside triphosphates, Mg2+, and a suitable buffer.
15. DNA replication
Pages: 981, 984 Difficulty: 2
All known DNA polymerases can only elongate a preexisting DNA chain (i.e., require a
primer), but cannot initiate a new DNA chain. Nevertheless, during semiconservative DNA
replication in the cell, entirely new daughter DNA chains are synthesized. Explain the
process that occurs in the cell that allows for the synthesis of daughter chains by DNA
polymerase.
Ans: In the cell, initiation of DNA chains occurs via the synthesis of an RNA primer by an
RNA polymerase type of enzyme (primase). This primer is elongated by DNA polymerase
to produce the daughter DNA chain. The RNA is removed by 5' exonucleolytic hydrolysis
before replication is completed.
Ans: (a) origin; (b) leading; (c) lagging; (d) Okazaki; (e) primase; (f) DNA pol I; (g) 5' 3'
exonuclease; (h) DNA ligase
Ans: The four classes are listed in Table 25-5 (p. 994), and consist of (1) mismatch repair,
(2) base-excision repair, (3) nucleotide-excision repair, and (4) direct repair.
Outline the four key features of the current model for homologous recombination during
meiosis in a eukaryotic cell.
Ans: (1) Homologous chromosomes are aligned. (2) A double-strand break is enlarged by an
exonuclease, leaving a single-strand extension with a free 3' hydroxyl end. (3) The exposed
3' ends invade the homologous intact duplex DNA, followed by branch migration to create a
Holliday junction. (4) Cleavage of the two crossover products creates the two recombinant
products. (See Fig. 25-33, p. 1006.)
Ans: The simple class called insertion sequences contains only the information needed for
transposition and the genes for proteins (transposases) that carry out the process. Those in
the class of complex transposons carry additional genes, such as those for antibiotic
resistance, a property they confer upon any host bacterium that harbors them.
Ans: The genes for immunoglobin polypeptide chains are divided into segments, with
multiple versions of each segment (which code for slightly different amino acid sequences).
Recombination results in the joining of individual versions of each segment to generate a
complete gene. Antibody diversity results from the very large number of different
combinations that are possible. (See Fig. 25-46, p. 1015.)