Easy Latin For Sight Read D'Ooge Bejanimin

GIFT OF
A
EASY LATIN FOR SIGHT READING
FOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS
SELECTIONS
FROM
RITCHIE'S FABULAE FACILES, LHOMOND'S

URBIS ROMAE VIRI INLUSTRES, AND
GELLIUS' NOCTES ATTICAE
EDITED, WITH INTRODUCTION, MODELS

FOR WRITTEN LESSONS, IDIOMS, AND ANNOTATIONS
BY
B. L. D'OOGE
MICHIGAN STATE NORMAL SCHOOL
GINN & COMPANY

BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO LONDON
COPYRIGHT, 1897
BY B. L. D'OOGE
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
III.5
GINN & COMPANY PRO-

PRIETORS BOSTON U.S.A.
PREFACE/W/
THIS little book is put forth with the hope that it will
lead to more sight reading in secondary schools. While
theoretically all agree that nothing is more helpful and
inspiring, practically but few give it the attention it de-
serves. When sight reading is made to mean loose guess-
ing and inexact interpretation of Latin as a refuge from
hard study and scholarly habits, nothing can be urged in
its defense but properly understood as a method by which
;
one may be safely and surely led to read and understand

Latin as Latin, to take in its thoughts easily in the order
in which they are presented, with no conscious appeal to
English, we must all acknowledge its primary importance.
Poor results in the study of Latin are largely due to mis-
directed energy. Students learn much about the language,
but do not learn the language itself. They get the form, but
not the substance. While no language can be learned with-
out knowing its grammar and syntax, the amount of such
knowledge that is necessary to one who seeks only the mean-
ing of the text is much smaller than is often supposed; and
however valuable close grammatical analysis may be for
other purposes,it
may, and no doubt often does, seriously
impede progress towards rapid reading and intelligent appre-
ciation. The man who parsed Milton's "Paradise Lost"
iv PREFACE.
from beginning to end can hardly have felt the poet's inspi-
ration, whatever he may have learned of formal grammar.
Students can never really enter the field of Latin literature
nor read it widely and appreciatively who cannot understand
it as it is written, without change of order and without
formal translation. We much, we read the
translate far too
original far too little. Students should be taught to read,

and understand as they read, without translation, from
to
the very beginning. The aim from the outset should be to
learn to read Latin. This
is not so difficult as it seems,
and pupils in
secondary schools can with proper instruction
acquire considerable facility in this direction.
Many of us have felt the lack of just the right kind of

reading-matter for beginners to grapple with. The ancients
did not write for babes and sucklings, and the Latin offered
for translation at sight is mostly meat too strong for young
beginners. Latin that is too hard is worse than useless,
and leads to nothing but discouragement and self-deprecia-
tion. Students must feel that they can conquer and are
conquering from day to day. It has seemed to me that for
a well-graded series of selections
secondary schools for
nothing better can be found than Ritchie's Fabulae Faciles,

Lhomond's Urbis Romae Viri Inlustres, and Gellius' Noctes
Atticae. The
selections have accordingly been made from
these three sources. The Fabulae Faciles may be used to
advantage during the latter half of the first year and the
first part of the second; the selections from Viri Romae
come next in difficulty, and then those from Gellius. It has
been my purpose to afford sufficient and suitable material
for the entire preparatory course. It is hoped that, far from
being an added burden to students already overworked, the
PREFACE. v
use of this book will greatly facilitate the progress through

the required work.
From considerable experience with classes in sight reading
and from the experience and publications of others, I have
compiled and formulated in a few introductory pages some
hints and suggestions that I have found most useful, practi-
teaching the art of reading Latin. These are fol-

cally, in
lowed by a few models for written lessons, which will be of
some use in fixing the foregoing suggestions. In these I
have followed, in the main, the method which Prof. W. G.
Hale describes in his well-known pamphlet, "The Art of
Reading Latin." While Professor Hale's method is admir-
able in many respects, it is possible for less skillful teachers
to overdo the science to the detriment of the art, />., to per-
plex the mind with unnecessary questions as to possible or

probable constructions that only delay the successful prog-
ress of the interpretation. I do not, therefore, think it well
to continue such close analysis by written work, after the
fundamental principles of Latin order and syntax have been
well mastered.
The text of the selections from Viri Romae is that of
Holzer's tenth edition (Stuttgart, 1889); Hertz (Leipsic,
1886) has been followed in those from Gellius. For the

material from Fabulae Faciles, I am indebted to Mr. F.
Ritchie, of Seven Oaks, England, who kindly placed his

excellent little book at my disposal. Barring a few simpli-
fications, and some modifications in orthography and punc-
tuation, the texts have been followed without variation.
As authority for quantities the last edition (1895) of Lewis'

Elementary Latin Dictionary has been followed, as the most
widely adopted, if not in all cases the best standard.
vi PREFACE.
The notes main of synonyms, antonyms,

consist in the
and Latin paraphrases and In these the words
definitions.
used are such as are common in Caesar, Cicero, and Vergil,
the aim being to increase the student's vocabulary and
thereby his ability to read those authors. English transla-

tions are given only where no happy and easy Latin equiva-
lent suggested itself.
It is suggested that teachers make frequent use of the
selections for oral reading. Our methods of teaching are
apt to neglect the ear, a most powerful instrument in the
interpretation of thought, and to train the eye only. Often
good students will fail to understand the simplest Latin
when it is read to them. These selections will be found of
about the right difficulty for this important discipline.
and grateful acknowledgment is made to all who
Full
have added to the value of these pages by their publications
in this field. Many helpful suggestions have been drawn
from these sources. Special thanks are due to Dr. John
Tetlow, head-master of the Boston Girls' High and Latin
Schools, for many valuable criticisms and to Principal
;
A. R. Crittenden, of the Ypsilanti High School, and to

Miss Helen B. Muir, assistant in ancient languages in this
institution, for assistance in reading the proof.
B. L. D'OOGE,
Michigan State Normal School.
NOVEMBER 20, 1896.
CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION i
MODELS FOR WRITTEN LESSONS 15

COMMON LATIN IDIOMS 20
SELECTIONS FROM RITCHIE'S FABULAE FACILES
I. PERSEUS
... 25
25
II. HERCULES . .
SELECTIONS FROM LHOMOND'S VIRI ROMAE

I. MARCUS ATILIUS REGULUS
.
.... 32
64
II. PUBLIUS CORNELIUS SCIPIO AFRICANUS
111. MARCUS PORCIUS CATO

... 64
69
88
IV. AEMILIUS PAULUS MACEDONICUS
SELECTIONS FROM GELLIUS' NOCTES ATTICAE
NO.
.... 97
106
no. The reply of Fabricius to the Samnite ambassadors 108 .
in. Why Socrates put up with his quarrelsome wife, and

what Varro says about the duty of husbands .109 .
112. The Sibylline books no

113. Who Papirius Praetextatus was, and why he was so
called 112
114. Theepitaphs of Naevius, Plautus, and Pacuvius .
.114
115. Socrates' endurance and temperance . . . . 1 1
5
1 1 6. What
divinity causes the earthquake . . .
117
117. Shaving among the Romans . . . . .
.119
118. A famous letter written to King Pyrrhus by the Roman
.120
119.
consuls .
Sudden death caused

. . . .
by. excessive joy ....

. . .
Fabricius favored Rufinus, an avaricious man, for

122
120. Why
the consulship 123
viii CONTENTS.
NO. PAGE
121. Alexander's horse, Bucephalas . . . .
.124
122. How Hannibal mocked Antiochus . . . . .126
123. How the mute son of Croesus regained the power of
speech . . . . . . . .
.127
124. A
story about Polus, the actor 129
125. The sanctity of an oath among the Romans . .
.130
126. Some famous ancient libraries 132
127. A letter of Philip to Aristotle
King . . .
-133
128. The largest rivers of the ancient world . . .
.134
129. Whythe Greeks and Romans wear the ring on next to
the smallest finger of the left hand . . . .
135
130. A
story about the Romans and the Carthaginians . .
136
131. The response of Romulus about the use of wine .
137
132. A memorable reconciliation between two distinguished
men . .
137
133. A conversation between Pacuvius and Accius .
-139
134. The strange death of Milo, the athlete . . .
.140
135. A
marvelous prediction of the battle of Pharsalia .
.141
136. Mithradates and Ennius as linguists . . .
.142
137. That it is worse to be coldly praised than to be too
harshly criticised 142
The number of Niobe's children
138. 143
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY OF GREEK AND LATIN PROPER
NAMES 144
FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS.
PERSEUS AND THE HEAD OF MEDUSA 25
HERCULES 32
ROMAN IN TOGA PRAETEXTA
THE ACROPOLIS OF ATHENS ...... c
64
106
OFTHE
UNIVERSITY
EASY LATIN FOR SIGHT READING.
INTRODUCTION.
I. What is Sight Reading?
By sight reading is meant the ability to read and un-
derstand Latin in the order in which it stands, without
formal translation and without slavish dependence upon
grammar and dictionary. If a translation be required, it
should come as a subsequent exercise in English after
the thought of the Latin is already clear. Sight reading
does not mean inexact and rapid skimming over of a
Latin text. In acquiring the power to read at sight, we
proceed at first slowly, afterwards with greater speed, to
an exact and accurate comprehension of the language.
II. What are the Difficulties?

The difficulties are not so great as is usually supposed.
Constant practice and persistent effort along right meth-
ods together with a thorough knowledge of the essentials
of Latin grammar are all that is required. The three
chief obstacles that hinder the student's progress through
a Latin sentence are his deficient vocabulary, his unfa-
and the unusual order of
miliarity with the constructions,
the words and clauses.
2 EASY LATIN FOR SIGHT READING.
III. Consideration of the Difficulties :
A. VOCABULARY.
The vocabularyactually necessary for reading ordinary

Latin not discouragingly large.
is A certain amount is,
however, indispensable. To build up a good vocabulary
words should be memorized systematically. The follow-
ing hints may be found helpful ,:
Learn as soon as possible the meanings of the prep-

a.
pronominal adverbs, and numerals.

ositions, conjunctions,
These recur very frequently and can neither be guessed
nor omitted.
b. Learn the force of the principal prefixes and suf-
fixes, and the most important rules for word formation
(H. pp. 152-178; Master all that is
A. pp. 140-162).
essential, omitting exceptions and minor points.
c. Memorize new words as you meet them, beginning
with the first or root meaning of words in their simplest
forms, e.g., learn duco before you try to remember con-
duco. Knowing the root meaning and the force of prefix
or suffix, you will be easily led, without using a dictionary,
to the meanings of derivatives and compounds.
In inferring the meaning of a prepositional com-
d.
pound, try the root meaning before you try to add the
force of the preposition. Many prepositional compounds
fail to show the force of the preposition in translation,
e.g., adiuvo differs but little from iuvo, and indigeo from
egeo. Often the particular force of a compound is made
clear by the context.
e. English derivatives, if used in the proper way, may
afford valuable aid in inferring meanings. A derivative
INTRODUCTION. 3
is, however, always open to suspicion, and should not

be trusted in most cases beyond a mere suggestion. In
the case of a new verb, the perfect participle will often
suggest some English derivative that will give the help

desired, e.g., subtractus through English subtract may
suggest the proper translation for subtraho.
/. Have a try at every word before you consult the
dictionary; but when you are compelled to do this, look

up the word in question so thoroughly that you will not
need to do so again. Students waste an incalculable
amount of time in looking up the same word a score of
times.
B. SYNTAX.
Happily the days are past when students were made

to swallow Latin grammar in toto before being allowed to
use any of it in practice. The victims of formal culture
so called have been many. The new teaching of Latin
differs radically from the old in that it seeks to apply
grammatical knowledge as fast as it is acquired and that

it excludes all non-essentials. In the study of syntax
practical utility is the aim of instruction. It should be

learned as it is needed. Much that the grammar con-
tains is never needed by students in secondary schools.
Many greatly overestimate the amount of syntax that is
indispensable to correct and facile interpretation, and in
trying to learn too much fail to learn the little well.
The essential little must be as well known as the English
alphabet.
practice, great facility can be acquired in recogniz-
By
ing and even anticipating constructions. Many of them
are preceded or accompanied by invariable signs that are

soon learned, if attention be called to them. Alertness
of mind and a little common sense, assisted by the con-
text, oftenlead one to the correct interpretation without
any special thought of the construction. To know the

name of a construction is no help in itself to the correct
interpretation. The more we read and the more easily
we do so, we consider constructions as such,
the less
though, of course, we of necessity give the proper force

to each case and mood in interpreting the thought.
Construing is, therefore, not an end in itself, but should

be merely the means to the end, namely, the interpreta-
tion of the Latin. When overdone and perfunctory, as it
often is, it retards rather than assists a pupil's progress
in reading Latin. Some special hints on construction
are given later on under a separate heading.
C. ORDER OF WORDS.
The appears most formidable to begin-

difficulty that
ners is strangeness of the Latin order.
the Perfect
familiarity with the Roman ways of constructing sen-

tences is, however, an absolute essential to easy reading.
The strangeness of the order is often more apparent than
real. Examples of the periodic structure and of inverted
order are not uncommon in English and are readily
understood, e.g., "Whom ye ignorantly worship, him

declare I unto you."
"
Up from the meadows rich with corn,
Clear in the cool September morn,
The clustered towers of Frederick stand."
INTRODUCTION. 5
One reason, and perhaps the principal one, why we

find sentences such as these so difficult in Latin is that
we try to get the Latin thought in fragments by reading
and translating bits of the sentence at a time, instead
of reading it all straight through and thus getting the

complete thought in one effort of the mind as we do in
English.
A peculiarity of Latin style that is often conspicuous,
and one that is of great assistance in interpretation, is
that the thoughts generally move by antitheses. These

contrasts are carefully marked by the order of the words
and by particles. By noticing these, you can anticipate
the course of the thought.
The following brief summary of important points on
order and style may be found helpful :
a. To read a language the words must be taken exactly
as they come.
b. Read a sentence straight through before you try to
translate any of it. As you read, carry along in thought
the meanings of the words, whether vague or definite to
your mind, and their probable office, so far as the prog-

ress of the sentence enables you to do so. Keep the
mind expectant until the close of the sentence settles all
doubtful points. Try to grasp the meaning of the sen-

tence as a whole. If you do not succeed the first time,
read it again and again until you think you get the
thought.
c. Latin aims to keep the same subject throughout a
complex sentence. When the subject is changed, that

fact is usually made plain by inserting it or a pronoun
referring to it.
d. The first word in a sentence is always conspicuous

in interest and importance. it is a noun, pro-
Very often
noun, or phrase referring to the preceding sentence or to
some part of it :
Id cum f rustra
saepe f ecisset, etc. Here id refers to
what has been described in the foregoing sentence.
e. The most important word or combination of words
is often taken out from a subordinate introductory

sentence and placed at the very beginning before the
connective introducing that sentence. This order is
especially common with cum clauses of time and cause.
The word or phrase thus made emphatic is often such as
has been described in d above :
Latlnus dum ad Tiberim descendit, sacerdos bovem

immolavit.
In quem postquam omnium or a conversa surit, ad
iTrmm omnes Scipionem in Hispania proconsulem
esse iusserunt
Quae res cum iuveni Pompeio cenanti nuntiata
esset, etc.
/. When a word serves as the common subject or

object of both a principal and subordinate clause, it
stands before them both. The same is true, if the same
word is subject of the principal clause and object (direct
or indirect) of the subordinate clause. Likewise if the
subject of the subordinate clause is the object (direct or
indirect) of the principal clause. (Cf. Menge's Repeti-
torium, 543.)
Ancus, priusquam eis bellum indiceret, legatum

misit, Ancus, before he declared war against them,
sent an ambassador.
INTRODUCTION. 7
Masinissam qui egregie rem Romanam adiuverat

aurea corona donavit, Masinissa, who had con-
spicuously assisted the Roman expedition, he gave a
golden crown.
g. Latin makes use of many words, commonly pronouns
and pronominal adverbs, to point forward to a following
explanatory sentence. We are thus led to anticipate and

prepare ourselves for what is to come. Watch for these
signs and make the most of them. They are very help-
ful.
Forte it a, incidit ut eo ipso tempore Hasdrubal ad
eundem portum appelleret, perchance it so happened
that at that very time Hasdrubal landed at the same
harbor.
Tarn longe aberam ut eum non viderem, / was so far
away that I did not see him.

Here /fa and tarn point forward to the following ut
clauses.
h. A
modifying clause or phrase is usually put before
the thing modified, hence a clause of characteristic some-
times precedes the thing characterized :
Unde agger comportSrl posset, nihil erat reli-
quum, there was nothing left from which a mound

could be constructed.
i. Words strongly contrasted are often put next to each

other. When the subject and object are thus placed, it
is sometimes them until we come
difficult to distinguish
to the verb. With a verb taking two accusatives, the

subject often stands between them :
Me Albani ducem creaverunt, the Albans elected me

general.
j. Quidem always marks an

antithesis, expressed or
understood. Do
not always translate it by indeed, which
often means nothing at all. It is often untranslatable,
though its influence is always felt :
Bellum quid em nullum gessit, sed 11011 minus civitati

profuit quam Romulus, he waged no war, to be sure,
but he was of no less service to the state than
Romulus.
k. The antecedent of a relative pronoun often follows

it, and often it is not expressed at all :
Cum in Insidias venissent qui locus Furculae Caudi-

nae vocabatur, etc., when they had come to the am-
bush, a place which was called the Caudine Forks.
Pompeius enim, quod antea contigerat iiemini, pri-
221U221 ex Africa,, iterum exEuropa, tertio ex
Asia triumphavit, for Pompey triumphed first
over Africa, second over Europe, and third over
Asia, (a thing) which had happened to no one before.
Misit (sc. eds) qui sibi consulatum deposcerent, he
sent (men) to demand the consulship for himself.
L Adjectives that precede nouns are emphatic, unless

they are numeral adjectives or adjectives expressing
quantity.
m. An adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or other ad-
verb, and regularly precedes the word it modifies.

n. Cum often stands between an adjective and noun.
INTRODUCTION. 9
IV. Notes on Individual Words and Construc-

tions.
1. Latin expresses loosely by means of participles all
sorts of relations that are expressed in English by sub-

ordinate clauses. The particular relation must be deter-
mined by the context.
2. Expect to find many more cases of apposition
than in English. An appositive often takes the place
of:
a. A temporal clause.
Cicero puer Arplni vixit, Cicero, when he was a boy,
lived at Arpinum.
b. A concessive clause.
Labieno legato milites non parent, the soldiers do not
obey Labienus, although he is lieutenant.
c. A relative clause.
Externus timor, maximum concordiae vinculum,

etc., fear without, which is the strongest bond of
union.
3. Clauses capable of being used as the subject or the

object of a verb are :
I. Infinitive Clauses, or Indicative Clauses with

quod in statements of fact.
II. Indirect Questions.
III. Purpose Clauses.
IV. Result Clauses.
4. Cum is either a preposition or a conjunction. The

following word will usually determine its character. If
that be a noun in the ablative case, cum is a preposition.

Sometimes, however, a modifying genitive stands between

cum and its object. If cum be a conjunction, it may be
a mere connective, correlative with a following turn, or

it
may introduce a subordinate clause and mean since,
although, or when. If it introduces a subordinate clause
and means since or although,it is followed
by the sub-
junctive. If it means when, the following mood will
be indicative, the tense be present or future

in case ;
if the tense be past, the mood will probably be sub-
junctive.
5. Dum, donee, and quoad, in the sense of while or as
long as, take the indicative mood. In the sense of until,

when expressing purpose, doubt, <yc futurity, they take the
subjunctive.
6. Antequam and priusquam, when referring to an
anticipated or intended act which may or may not occur,

take the subjunctive. When they refer to the actual
occurrence of an event as a point beyond or back of which
the main event took place, they take the indicative :
Priusquam dimicarent, milites hortatus est, he ha-

rangued the soldiers before they fought.
Haec non intellexit antequam Genavam pervenit, he
did not perceive this before he arrived at Geneva.
7. Qum has the following principal uses :
, f a. Interrogative, why not?

I. Principal clauses, with J b.
. ~ , . . , ,
Corroborative, indeed,
the indicative.
nay, verily, etc.
-
Quln.
II. Subordinate clauses, f Used after negative sen-

with the subjunctive. 1 tences to express result.
INTRODUCTION. 11
8. Ut has the following principal uses :
i .
Time, when, as soon as.
'a. Interrogative,
As how? in what
I.
conjunctive ad-
verb, with the indie a- way?
tive.
2. Manner. {
b. Relative, as,
for example,
just as, since,
UtJ
considering.
'a. Concessive, although.
As
b. Purpose, that, in order
II. conjunction, with
that, in order that not
the subjunctive.
(after verbs of fearing).
c. Result, so that, that.
As a relative adverb ut is often followed by a noun in
apposition, or by an adjective.
9. Et has three uses: (i) as connecting two words or
expressions, and; (2) as the first of two et's, both . . .
and; (3) as bearing upon a single word, also, too, even.

10. Adeo in its commonest use means to such a degree,
and is followed by an ut clause of result.

11. Dubito, in the sense of doubt, and dubium pre-
ceded by a negative, are usually followed by quin and
the subjunctive. In the sense of hesitate dubito is regu-
larly followed by the infinitive.
12. A
pluperfect subjunctive is equal to a future per-
fect indicative from a past point of view.
13. Keep in mind:

a. That the gerund is a verbal noun, and may there-
fore stand either alone or with an object.
b. That the gerundive is a participle used

adjectively,
agreeing with a substantive in gender, number, and case.
c. That the gerundive with its substantive may be used
forany gerund with a substantive.
That the gerund with a direct object is commonly
d.
used only in the genitive and in the ablative without a

preposition. In other cases the gerundive is preferred.
14. Distinguish between plus, amplius, potius, and
magis.
plus refers to quantity.
amplius refers to extent of time or space.
potius expresses preference, and excludes the second of
two things compared.
magis expresses degree.
Predicate adjectives may be followed by the dative,
15.
by the objective genitive, or by the ablative of specifica-

tion to complete their meaning :
Hoc hostl optimum erat, this was best for the enemy.
Avidus laudis erat, he was eager for praise.
Claudus suitero pede est, he is lame in one foot.
1 6. THE CASES.
i . The Nominative.
An
introductory noun in the nominative case is the
subject of a verb either main or subordinate.
2. The Genitive.
a. In general the genitive of a noun may be possessive,

subjective, objective, partitive, or in apposition with
some other genitive. If modified by an adjective, it
may
be descriptive genitive.
INTRODUCTION. 13
b. The
genitive of a pronoun will be either possessive,
subjective, objective, partitive, or belong to some noun
as an adjective.
c. The genitive of an adjective expressing size or quan-
tity may agree with a noun or may express the value
of something.
d. The Latin genitive is used to express that to which
the action of a noun or an adjective is done (objective),

as well as that from which it springs (subjective).
e. Nouns expressing activity of the mind or heart are
usually followed by :
(1) The objective genitive of a noun.

(2) The objective genitive of a gerund or of a ger-
undive agreeing with a noun.
3. The Dative.
a. The dative of any word may designate the person
or thing indirectly concerned in an act or state expressed
by a noun, adjective, verb, or a group of words.

b. The dative of the name of a person, or of a word
referring to a person,may have the general sense of the
dative case, or may designate the apparent agent or the
possessor.
c. Words denoting persons deprived of a thing are
often put in the dative, the Latin regarding the act as
done to the persons.
d. If a form that may be either dative or ablative be the
name of a person or refer to a person, it is more likely to
be a dative than an ablative, since personal relations are
denoted more frequently by the former than by the latter.
4. The Accusative.
a. The name of a town or domus or rus, in the accusa-
tive without a preposition, probably designates the object

to which motion is directed.
b. The name word referring to per-
of a person, or a
sons, in the accusative case without a preposition, must

be either the object of a verb, the subject or predicate of
an infinitive, or in apposition with one of these.
c. As accusatives of specification are found most com-
monly the relative quod; the interrogative quid; hoc

:
and id with aetatis or temporis partem, vicem, and ;
genus with omne or a pronoun.

d. Accusatives of time and space are naturally limited
to such nouns as can convey such ideas, e.g., pedes,
menses, etc.
Cognate accusatives are possible only for nouns that

e.
repeat in substantive form the meaning of a verb, e.g.,

vita, somnium, etc.; and for neuter pronouns and adjec-
tives.
5. The Ablative.
a. The ablative case includes three ideas from which

all itsconstructions flow, viz. : the starting point (the true
ablative, from), the means (the instrumental, by), and the
place (the locative, in).
b. Nearly all ablatives can be absolute, or can
depend
on a comparative or on a special word like dignus or
utor. The meaning of the word is a great help in
suggesting the correct construction.
INTRODUCTION. 15
c. The ablative without a

preposition, referring to a
person, must be ablative absolute, ablative dependent on
a comparative or some special word like dlgnus or utor,
or ablative of source with some word like genitus, ortus,
or natus.
d. The ablative of a word referring to time naturally
expresses the time when.
MODELS FOR WRITTEN LESSONS.

To THE TEACHER.
The following exercises are intended to fix more firmly

in mind the preceding principles of order and syntax.
They should be used at convenient intervals and without
previous announcement or preparation. The passage for
translation should be written on the board, and each ques-
tion should be answered as it occurs before the pupil
goes farther. Do not write more of the sentence than

precedes the respective questions until they are answered.
Teachers may find it profitable to prepare additional
exercises on the models here presented.
I.
Virgines Sabinorum rapiuntur.
2 3 4
Multi 1 convenere studio videndae novae urbis, maxime
6
Sabmi cum5 Ubi spectaculi tempus
liberis et coniugibus.
8
venit eoque conversae mentes cum oculis erant, turn signo
7
9 10 u.
dato iuvenes Roman! discurrunt virgines rapiunt ,
1. What may be said of the first word in a sentence ?
2. What tense ? Give the other form.
3. What are the possible cases and constructions? What
constructions may follow studio? (See IV, 16, 2, e.)
4. Is this a gerund or a gerundive ?
5. What are the possible uses and meanings of cum?
6. What are the uses of et ?
7. eoque =et in eum locum.

8. Possible cases and constructions?
9. Construction? What relations may be expressed by
participles ?
10. What is the force of the prefix dis- ?
1 1 . Translate.
II.
De virtute Reguli.
Prlmo bello Punico 1 Regulus, dux Romanus captus a2

Poenls, de captivis commutandis Romam missus est. Is,
3
6
cum Carthagine 4 ablret, iuravit
5
se eo rediturum nisi sul
7 8
elves condiciones fecissent . At ille in senatu captives
non esse commutandos declaravit deinde, cum propin- :
9
qui et amici retinere conarentur, ex urbe decessit, quia
ad supplicium redlre maluit quam fidem host! datam
10 11
fallere .
1. What is the probable construction of this phrase?

2. What constructions follow a or ab ?
3. commute, cf. English commute = exchange.

4. Probable construction?
5. What kind of a clause may now be expected ?
6. eo = in eum locum.
7. What ^s the force of this tense ?
(See IV, 12.)
INTRODUCTION. 17
8. What are the possible constructions? (See IV, 16,

4,*0
9. propinqui = cognati, sanguine coniuncti.
i o . f allere = violare.
1 1 . Translate.
III.
Crudelitate virgo sponsum suum amittit.
Galli, qui audaciam maximi aestimabant 2 ferarum

1
,
cer-
taminibus3 multum delectabantur. Aliquando rex cum
magna caterva4 nobilium mulierumque clararum ludos5
6
sollemnes aspiciebat. Quaedam ex his, quae sponsi for-
titudinem temptare voluit, aureum torquem 7 deiecit in8
mediam harenam, qua leo ingens cum duobus tigribus
certamen acerrimum agebat. "Tu quidem 9," inquit, "si
10
quid in te residet amoris erga me, torquem mihi e feris
eripe." Statim iuvenis his verbls accensus in harenam
se praecipitavit ;
saltu
11
alacri torquem rapuit ;
tutus cum
praemio rediit. Turn ille, dum 12 omnes factum plaudunt,
cum risu ad pedes virginis crudelis torquem proiecit.
"
Tu quidem," inquit, " meam vitam minimi 13 habuisti ;
14 15
ego tuum amorem ."
1 . What are the possible cases and constructions ?

2. What does this word show as to the construction of
maximi? (See IV, 16, 2, c.)
3. Possible constructions ?
4. caterva = multitudine.
5. Probable construction?
6. Translate of her lover.
7. Translate necklace.
8. What case will follow ?
9. What is the force of this word? (See III, C, /)

10. What kind of a dative may this be ? (See IV, 1 6, 3, b.)
1 1. saltu, with a leap.
12. What are the meanings of this word, and what construc-
tions may follow it ?
13. Compare maximi above.

14. Sc. minimi habeo. habeo in this idiom equals aestimo
in sense.
15. Translate the whole.
IV.
Hannibalis duels astutia.
1
Hannibal, dux classis Punicae, e navi quae iam capie-
2 3
batur, in scapham saltu se demittens Romanorum manus
effugit. Veritus 4 autem ne in patria classis 5 amissae poe-
nas daret, civium odium astutia avertit nam ex ilia Infe- ;
pugna, priusquam cladis nuntius domum

6 7 8
lici quen- ,
dam ex amlcls Carthaginem misit. Qui postquam9 curiam

" " 10
intravit, Consulit," inquit, vos Hannibal, cum dux
Romanorum magnis copiis maritimis mstructls advenerit,
num 11 cum eo confligere debeat." Acclamavit universus
senatus non esse dubium 12 qum 13 oporteret
confligi
14
.
"
Turn ille
?
Confllxit," inquit, 'et superatus est." Ita non
15
potuerunt factum damnare quod ipsi fieri debuisse iudi-
caverant. 16
1. What force may the appositive have? (See IV, 2.)

2. Will the verb in this sentence be one denoting rest or
motion ?
3. What is the force of the prefix de- ?
4. What construction will follow ?

INTRODUCTION. 19
5. What variety of genitive may this word be ?
6. What moods follow this word ?

7. What construction ?
8. Supply a suitable verb in the proper mood and tense.
9. Account for the position of qui. (See III, C, d, and/.)
i o. consulit vos =
asks your advice.
1 1 . num = whether. What construction will follow ? Name
the different kinds of substantive clauses. (See IV, 3.)
12. What construction will follow? (See IV, n.)
13. Name the meanings and uses of quin. (See IV, 7.)
1 4. confligi oporteret = pugnandum esset.
15. What part of speech ?
1 6. Translate.
V.
Mors Servi Tulli, Romanorum regis sexti.
Qua re audita 1
Servius 2
dum ad 3 4
curiam contendit,
iussu Tarquini per gradus delectus et domum refugiens
5 6 7
Tullia 8 carpento vecta in Forum pro-

9 10
interfectus est.
11 12 13
peravit et coniugem e curia evocatum prlma regem
15 16
14
cuius iussu cum e turba ac tumultu decessisset
;
domumque rediret, viso patris corpore

17
mulionem 18 cunc-
tantem et frena inhibentem super ipsum corpus 19 carpen-
22
tum agere 20
. Unde 21 vicus ille sceleratus dictus
23
est. Servius Tullius regnavit annos quattuor et quadra-
24
ginta .
1. Why is this phrase placed first? (See III, C, d.)

2. What is the construction of Servius ?
3. Meanings and following constructions?

4. What are the meanings of ad, and what kind of a verb
will the sentence contain ?
5. Construction ?
6. per gradus delectus = was thrown down the steps.

7. Case and probable construction? (See IV, 16,4, a.)
8. Tullia filia regis erat.
9. Translate carriage, abl. of means.
10. What cases follow in, and what are its most usual
meanings ?
1 1 Case and probable construction
. ?
1 2. What case will follow ?
13. What is the force of the prefix e- ?
14. What verb can you suggest to govern regem and

coniugem and complete the sentence ?
15. To whom does cuius iussu refer, and why does it pre-
cede cum? (See III, C, e.)
1 6. Construction?
1 7. Construction ?
1 81 Translate the driver.

19. Translate right over the very body.
20. Supply a suitable verb.
21 . unde = qua ex causa.
22 . vicus = pars urbis.
23. Probable construction ?
24. Translate.
COMMON LATIN IDIOMS.
The following idioms occur so frequently that it will be

of much subsequent advantage and a great saving of
time for the student to memorize them thoroughly early
in his course.
ad unum, to a man.
aequo animo, contentedly, resignedly, patiently.
aere alieno premi, to be heavily in debt.
INTRODUCTION. 21
agere gratias, to thank.

alius aliam in partem, one in one direction, another in
another.
amico aliquo uti, to be on terms of intimacy with some one.
animo tenus commoveri, to be moved to the heart.
annum quartum agens, in his fourth year.
annos quattuor natus, at the age of four.
ante annos, before the legal age.
apud regem, at the court of the king.
bellum inferre, to make war upon.
bene habet, it is well.
bono animo esse, to be well disposed.

bonum aiiimum habere, to be of good courage.
capitis damnatus, convicted of a capital crime, sentenced to

death.
causam dicere or agere, to state a case, to plead a case.
certior fieri, to be informed.
certiorem facere, to inform.
consilia inire, to make
plans.
consulere out for the interest of some one.
alicui, to look
consulere aliquem, to consult some one, to ask advice of
some one.
dare operam, to see to, give attention to, take pains.

diem dicere or edicere, to appoint a time, name a day.
dum haec geruntur, while this was going on.
eo magis, all the more.

extrema hieme, at the end of winter.
ex re publica, to the best interests of the state.
gerere magistratum, to hold an office.
gratias agere, to thank.

gratiam habere, to be grateful.
gratiam or gratias referre, to return a favor.
gratum facere, to do a favor.
idem qui, the same as.

idem sentire, to have the same opinion.
in dies, every day, daily.
in dubium vocari, to be called in question.
in fug am dare, to put to flight.
in gratiam redire, to be reconciled.
in mati imoiiium ducere, to marry.
in perpetuum, forever.
inter cenam, at table.
ius dicere, to pronounce judgment.
longum est, it would take long, it would be tedious,
mandare litteris, to commit to writing.

memoria tenere, to remember.
moleste ferre, to take it ill, to be grieved.
multum valere, to be very influential.
navem conscendere, to embark.

novae res, a revolution.
novus homo, an upstart, a parvenu, a self-made man.
orationem habere, to make a speech.

operam dare, to see to, to take pains.
opus est, it is necessary.
placuit senatui, the senate decided.
plurimum posse, to be most powerful, to be most influential.
prae si ferens, showing, exhibiting.
praeclare se habere, to be admirable.
pro amico habere, to regard as a friend.
pro contione, before the assembly, or in an address.
quae cum ita sint, since this is true, under these circum-
stances, this being the case.
quam primum, as soon as possible.
INTRODUCTION. 23
rationem reddere, to render an account, to give an explana-

tion.
res gestae, exploits, deeds.
salutem dicere, to salute, to greet.

satis constat, it is well established.
se conferre, betake oneself, go.
se gerere, conduct oneself, act.
sententia stat, it is resolved, they resolve.
stipendium merere, to perform military service.
terga vertere, to retreat.

unus atque alter, one or two.
veniam dare, to pardon.

ventum est, he or she came, he or she has come, they came,
they have come.
vereor ne, / fear that.
vereor ut, / fear that not.
vitam agere, to live.
ABBREVIATIONS.
ace., accusative. ind. disc., indirect discourse.
act., active. lit., literally.

abl., ablative. n., number or note.
adj., adjective. nom., nominative.

adv., adverb. obj., object.
ant.,antonym, a word of opposite or., simplified order.
meaning. par., paraphrase.
cf., confer, compare, pred., predicate.
dat., dative. sc., scilicet, supply.
e.g., exempli gratia, for instance. subj., subjunctive, or subject.
Eng., English, syn., synonym.
gen., genitive, v., vide, see.
i.e., id est, that is. voc., vocative.
N. B. A superior figure placed after a word refers to that word

alone.
A superior figure placed before a word refers to two or more of
the following words.
PERSEUS AND THE HEAD OF MEDUSA.
FABULAE FACILES.
i.
PERSEUS.
Acrisius, an ancient king of Argos, had been "warned by anoracle that
he would perish by the hand of his grandson. On discovering, therefore,
that his daughter Danae had given birth to a son, Acrisius endeavored to
escape his fate by casting both mother and child adrift on the sea. They
were saved, however, by the help of Jupiter ; and Perseus, the child, grew up
at the court of Polydectes, king of Seriphos, an island in the Aegean Sea.
On reaching manhood, Perseus was sent by Polydectes to fetch the head of
Medusa, one of the Gorgons. This dangerous task he accomplished with
the help of Apollo and Minerva, and on his way home he rescued Androm-
eda (daughter of Cepheus} from a sea monster. Perseus then married
Andromeda, aud lived some time in the country of Cepheus. At length,
however, he returned to Seriphos, and turned Polydectes to stone by showing
him the Gorgon 's head; he then went to the court of Acrisius, who fled in
terror at the news of his grandson's return. The oracle was duly fulfilled,
for Acrisius was accidentally killed by a quoit thrown by Perseus.
1. Perseus infans cum matre in area inclusus eat.
Haec narrantur a poetls de Perseo. Perseus filius erat
lovis, maximi deorum avus eius Acrisius appellatus est.

:
Acrisius volebat Perseum nepotem suum necare nam 1

;
2
propter oraculum puerum timebat. Comprehendit igitur
3
Perseum, adhuc mfantem, et cum matre in area lignea
inclusit. Turn arcam ipsam in mare coniecit. Danae,
I. oceldere, interJic ere. 2. cepit, corripuit.
3.
in a wooden box.
26 FABULAE FA GILES.
1
Persei mater, magnopere territa est tempestas enim :
magna mare turbabat. Perseus autem in sinu2 matris

dormiebat 3 .
I. valde^ vehementer. 2. gremio. 3. somnum capiebat.
2. Area ad insulam Seriphum appulsa, Perseus materque

5 a rege benlgne except! sunt.
luppiter tamen haec omnia vidit et filium suum servare

constituit. Fecit igitur mare tranquillum, et arâin ad
insulam Seriphum perduxit. Huius insulae Polydectes
1
turn rex erat. Postquam area ad litusappulsa est,
2
10 Danae in harena quietem capiebat. Post breve tempus
a piscatore 3 quodam reperta est4 et ad domum regis ,
Polydectis adducta est. Ille matrem et puerum benlgne
excepit, et sedem 5 tutam in fmibus suls dedit. At Danae

hoc donum libenter accepit, et pro tanto beneficio regi
6
15 gratias egit.
1. Ittus est terra adiacens mart. 4. inventa est, deprehensa est.
2. Par. in litore dormiebat. 5. domum.

3. fisherman. 6. See idioms.
3. Hex dimisit Perseum.
Perseus igitur 1 multos annos ibi habitabat, et cum matre

sua Vltam agebat beatam
3
At Polydectes Danaen ma-
.
4
gnopere amabat, atque earn in matrimonium ducere vole-
5
20 bat. Hoc tamen consilium Perseo minime gratum erat.
1. itaque. 3- felicem, laetam.
2. See idioms. 4- See idioms.
5. acceptum, iucundum, placitum.
PERSEUS. 27
Polydectes igitur Perseum dlmittere constituit. Turn

iuvenem ad se vocavit et haec 1 dixit " Turpe 2 est vitam :
hanc Ignavam3 agere 4

iamdudum tu adulescens es.
;
5
Quousque hie manebis ?
Tempus est arma capere et
virtutem praestare 6 . Hinc abl et caput Medusae mihi 5
7
refer.'
1 . as follows. 4. You have already for some

2. Ant. honestum, pulchrum, time been a man.
decora m. ~ 5. ad quod tempus.
3. i^tfitssam, lentam. Ant. 6. ostendere, exhibere, pro-
strenuam, /orient. bare.
4. Perseus profectus tandem Medusam invenit.
lyj->
Perseus, ubi haec audivit, ex msula discessit, et post-

quam ad continentem Medusam quaesivit. Giu
venit,
frustra quaerebat iminque
;
naturam loci ignorabat. Tan- 10
dem Apollo et Minerva viam demonstraverunt. Primum

ad Graias, sorores Medusae, pervenit. Ab his Halaria et
2
galeam magicam accepit. Apollo autem et Minerva fal-
cem et speculum dederunt. Turn postquam talaria pedi-
bus induit 8 in aera4 ascendit.
,
Diu per aera volabat :
15
tandem tamen ad eum locum venit ubi Medusa cum

5
ceterls Gorgonibus habitabat. Gorgones autem mon-
6 7
stra erant specie horribili: capita enim earum squamis
ornnino contecta 8 sunt: mantis etiarn ex aere 9 factae sunt.
1. sandals and a magic helmet. 5. reliquis, alits.

2. a curved dagger and a mir- 6. aspectii.
ror. 7. scales.
3. induxit, sflmpsit. 8. tecta, operta, vesttta.
4. ace. case of der, cf. Eng.atr. 9. abl. of aes = brass.

5. Caput Gorgonis.
Res erat difficillima abscidere caput Gorgonis eius ;
enim conspectu homines in saxum 1 vertebantur. Propter

hanc causam Minerva speculum el dederat. Perseus igi-
2
5 turtergum vertit, et in speculum mspiciebat hoc modo :
ad locum venit ubi Medusa dormiebat. Turn falce sua

caput eius uno Ictu abscldit. Ceterae Gorgones statim e
somno excitatae sunt, et, ubirem viderunt, Ira commotae
sunt. Arma rapuerunt, et Perseum occidere 3 volebant ;
10 ille autem, dum fugit, galeam magicam induit, et, ubi hoc
4
fecit, statim e conspectu earum evasit .
1. lapidem. 3. interficere.
2. Ant. faciem, voltum. 4. exiit^ aufugit, evoldvit.
6. Perseus in fines Aethiopum venit.
Post haec Perseus in fines Aethiopum venit ibi :
Cepheus quidam illo tempore regnabat. Hie Neptunum,

15 maris deum, olim 1 offenderat Neptunus autem monstrum
:
saevissimum 2 miserat. Hoc cottidie e mari veniebat et

homines devorabat. Ob hanc causam pavor3 animos
omnium occupaverat. Cepheus igitur oraculum dei
Ammonis consuluit atque a deo iussus est filiam mon-
20 stro tradere. (Eius autem filia, nomine Andromeda,
virgo formosissima4 erat.) Cepheus, ubi haec audivit,
5
magnum dolorem percepit. Volebat tamen elves suos e
tanto periculo extrahere ; atque ob earn causam constituit
6
imperata Ammonis facere.
1. aliquando, quondam. 4. pulcherrima.

2. crudelissimuni) immdnissimum. 5. maerorem, luctum.
3. timor. 6. iussa.
PERSEUS. 29
7. Moiistrum et Andromeda.
Turn rex Miem certain dixit et omnia paravit. Ubi ea

Andromeda ad litus deducta
dies venit, est et in con-
spectu omnium ad rupem adligata 2 (est). Omnes fatum

eius deplorabant nee lacrimas tenebant. At subito, dum 5
monstrum exspectant, Perseus accurrit ; et, ubi lacrimas

vidit, causam doloris quaerit. 111! rem totam exponunt3
et puellam demonstrant. Dum haec geruntur, fremitus
4 5
terribilis auditur,- simul monstrum horribili specie pro-

6
cul conspicitur Eius conspectus timorem maximum
.
J o
7
omnibus iniecit At monstrum magna celeritate ad litus
.
contendit 8 ,
9
iamque ad locum appropinquabat ubi puella
stabat.
1. See idioms. 6. videtur.

2. vincta, constricta. 7. immlsit.
3. ndrrant. 8. mdturdvit^ properdvit.

4. See idioms. 9. accedebat.
5. strepitus, sonitus.
8. Servat Andromedam Perseus.

2
gladium suum rapuit
1
At Perseus, ubi haec vidit, et, ; 15
3
postquam talaria induit, in ae'ra sublatus est Turn desu-.
4 5
per in monstrum impetum subito fecit, et gladio suo
collum eius graviter volneravit. Monstrum, ubi sensit
6
volnus, fremitum horribilem edidit et sine mora totum
corpus sub aquam immersit. Perseus, dum circum litus 20
volat, reditum eius exspectabat mare autem interea 7 ;
1.
ferrum, ensem. 4. e loco superiors.
2. cepit. 5- repente, celeriter.
3. From tollo ; se erexit, sur- 6. emisit.
rexit. 7- interim.
1 2
undique sanguine mficitur . Post breve tempus, belua
rursus caput sustulit5 mox6 tamen a Perseo Ictu gravi-
4
;
ore volnerata est. Turn iterum se sub 7undas mersit

neque postea visa est.
1. ex omm parte. 5. From tollo, syn. erexit.

2. tingitur, imbuitur. 6. post breve tempus, sine
3. monstrum. mord.
4. iterum. 7. aquds.
5 9. Hex Perseo Andromedam in matrimonium dedit.
Perseus, postquam in litus descendit, primum talaria

2
exuit 1 turn ad rupem venit ubi Andromeda vincta erat.
;
Ea autem omnem spem salutis

deposuerat
3
, et, ubi Per-
4
seus adiit, terrore paene exanimata est. Ille vincula
10 statim 5 solvit, et puellam patri reddidit. Cepheus ob
6
hanc rem maximo -gaudio affectus est : meritas gratias
pro tanto beneficio Perseo rettulit ; praeterea Androme-
dam ipsam ei in matrimonium dedit. Ille libenter hoc 7
donum accepit, et puellam uxorem duxit. Paucos annos

1
5 cum uxore sua in ea regione habitabat, et in magno honore
8
eratapud omnes Aethiopes. Magnopere tamen cupiebat
9
matrem suam rursus videre. Tandem igitur cum uxore
10
e regno Cephei discessit .
1. Ant. induit. 6. See idioms.

2. adligdta, constricta. 7. alacriter.
3. abiecerat, dtmiserat. 8. volebat.
4. mortua. 9. denique, ad extremum.

5. confestim, sine mord. 10. abiit, profectus est.
PERSEUS. 31
10. Polydectes in saxum versus est.
Postquam Perseus ad Insulam navem appulit, se ad

!
locum contulit ubi mater olim 2 habitaverat at domum ;
3
invenit vacuam et omnino desertam, Tres dies per
totam Insulam matrem quaerebat tandem* quarto die ;
5
ad templum Dianae pervenit. Hue Danae refugerat,

5 6
quod Polydectem timebat .
Perseus, ubi haec cognovit ,
Ira magna commotus est ;

ad regiam Polydectis sine
8
mora contendit, et, ubi eo 7 venit, statim in atrium inrupit .
9
Polydectes magno timore affectus est et fugere volebat. I0
AS
6um tamen ille fugit ? Perseus caput Medusae monstra-
10 n simul saxum versus
vit ;
ille autem, atque hoc vidit, in
est.
1. See idioms. 6. intellexit, audivit.
2. cf. p. 28, 1.
15. 7. in eum locum.
3. plane, funditus. 8. invdsit^ inruit.
4. demum, denique. 9. pavore.

5. metuebat. 10. ostendit.
n. ubi prlmum.
11. Perseus ad urbem Acrisi rediit, et occidit avum suum

ut fatis decretum erat. 15
Post haec Perseus cum uxore 1

sua ad urbem Acrisi
2
rediit . Ille ubi Perseum vidit, imagno terrore
aptem,
affectus est;nam_prbpter oraculumîstud nepotem suum
adhuc timebat. In TKessaliam igitur ad urbem Larissam
statim refugit : frustra tamen ;
non enim fatum suum 20
3
vltavit . Post paucos annos rex Larissae ludos magnos
4
fecit ;
nuntios in omnes partes dimlserat, et diem edixe-
4 See idioms.
i. coniuge. 2. revertit. 3. effugit.
rat. Multi ex omnibus urbibus Graeciae ad ludos conve-

2 1
nerunt :
ipse Perseus inter alios certamen discorum iniit.
At, dum discum conicit, avum suum casu occidit ;

Acri-
sius enim inter spectatores eius certaminis forte stabat.
i. contentionem. 2.
of the discus or quoits.
II.
HERCULES.
Hercules, a Greek hero celebrated for his great strength, "was pursued
throughout his life by the hatred ofJuno. While yet an infant, he strangled
some serpents sent by the goddess to destroy him. During his boyhood and
youth he performed various marvelous feats of strength ; and, on reaching
manhood, succeeded in delivering the Thebans from the oppression of the
Minyae. In a fit of madness, sent upon him by Juno, he slew his own
children, and, on consulting the Delphic oracle as to how he should cleanse
himself from this crime, he was ordered to submit himself for twelve years
toEurystheus, king of Tiryns, and to perform whatever tasks were appointed
him. Hercules obeyed the oracle, and during the twelve years of his ser-
vitude accomplished twelve extraordinary feats known as the Labors of
Hercules. His death was caused, unintentionally, by his wife Deianira.
Hercules had shot with his poisonedarrows a Centaur named Nessus, who
had insulted Deianira. Nessus, before he died, gave some of his blood to
Deianira, and told her it would act as a charm to secure her husband's love.
Some time after, Deianira, wishing to try the charm, soaked one of her hus-
band's garments in the blood, not knowing that it was poisoned. Hercules
put on the robe, and, after sufering terrible torments, died, or was carried
off by his father Jupiter.
12. Hercules infans.
Hercules, Alcmenae filius, olim in Graecia habitabat.

Hie dicitur omnium hominum validissimus fuisse. At
regina deorum, Alcmenam oderat et Herculem
1
luno,
I. Ant. amdbat.
HERCULES.
HERCULES. 33
adhuc infantem necare 1 voluit. Misit igitur duo ser-

2
pentes saevissimos hi, media nocte, in cubiculum Alc-
:
menae venerunt ubi Hercules cum fratre suo dormiebat.

3
Non tamen in cunis ,
sed in scuto 4 magno cubabant
5
.
6
Serpentes iam appropinquaverant et scutum movebant ;
itaque puerl e somno excitati sunt.
1. cf. p.
25, 1.
4. 3. cradle. 5. iacebant.
2. room. 4. shield. 6. accesserant.
13. Hercules et serpentes.
Iphicles, frater Herculis, magna voce exclamavit ;

at
1 2
Hercules ipse, puer fortissimus haudquaquam territus ,
est. Parvis manibus serpentes statim prehendit 3 et colla 10 ,
eorum magna vl compressit. Tali modo serpentes a

4
puero interfecti Alcmena autem, mater puerorum,
sunt.
clamorem audiverat, et marltum5 suum e somno excitave-
6
rat. Hie lumen accendit, et gladium suum rapuit turn ad ;
7
pueros properabat sed, ubi ad locum venit,
,
rem miram 15
vldit Hercules enim ridebat et serpentes mortuos mon-
:
strabat 8 .
1. Ant. tgndvissimus. 5. coniugem, virum.

2. minime omnium, omnino non. 6. prehendit, cepit.
3. cepit, rapuit. 7. mdturdbat, contendebat.

4. necdtt. 8. ostendebat, exhibuit.
14. Hercules musicam discit.
Hercules a puero corpus suum diligenter exercebat:

1 2
diel in palaestra consumebat didicit 20
magnam partem :
i. gymnasium. 2. Perfect of disco.

34 FABULAE FACILES.
etiam arcum intendere et tela conicere 1 . His exercita-

2
tionibus vires eius conflrmatae sunt. In musica etiam
a Lino Centauro erudiebatur3 (Centaur! autem equi :
erant,sed caput hominis habebant) huic tamen artl ;
5 minus diligenter studebat. Hie Linus Herculem olim

4 5
culpabat quod parum studiosus erat turn puer iratus
, ;
6
citharam subito rapuit, et summls viribus caput magistrl
7 8 9
infellcis percussit . Ille ictu
prostratus est, et paulo
10
post e vita excessit, neque quisquam postea id officium
J o
suscipere voluit.
1. iacere, impellere. 6. lyram.

2. powers. 7. miser i.
3. docebdtur, informdbdtur. 8. valde verberdvit.
4. vituperdbat. 9. soon after.
5. Ant. nimis. 10. mortuus est.
15. Hercules vincula et mortem effugit.
De Hercule haec etiam inter alia narrantur. Olim,

dum iter facit, in fines Aegyptiorum venit ;
ibi rex qui-
dam, nomine Busiris, illotempore regnabat ;
hie autem,
.15 vir crudelissimus, homines 1 immolare consueverat Her- :
culem igitur corripuit et in vincula coniecit. Turn nun-

tios dimisit et
2
diem sacrificio edixit. Mox ea dies appe-
3
tivit et omnia rite
4
parata sunt. Manus Herculis catenis 5
6
ferreis vinctae sunt et 7mola salsa in caput eius inspersa
8
20 est. (Mos enim erat apud antiques salem et far capiti-
1. sacrificdre solebat. 5.
vinculis.
2. See idioms. 6. adligdtae.
3. adfuit. 7. salted meal.
4. bene, recte, ex more. 8. molam.

HERCULES. 35
bus victimarum imponere.) lam victima ad aram 1 stabat ;
iam sacerdos cultrum sumpserat 2 Subito tamen Hercules .
3
magno conatu vincula perrupit turn Ictu sacerdotem :
4
prostravit ;
altero regem ipsum occidit.
1. altdria. 3. cf. Eng. rupture.

2. ceperat, prehenderat. 4. abl. of means, sc. ictu.
16. Hercules legatis Minyarum iniuriam facit. 5
Hercules, iam adulescens, urbemThebas incolebat.

Rex Thebarum, ignavus Creon vir
1
appellatus est. ,
Minyae, gens bellicosissima, Thebanis fmitimi 2 erant.

Legati autem a Minyls ad Thebanos quotannls mitte-
bantur: hi Thebas veniebant et centum boves postula- 10
bant 3 Thebani enim olim a Minyls superati erant

.
;
tributa igitur regl Minyarum quotannls pendebant 4 At .
Hercules elves suos hoc stipendio liberare constituit :
5
legatos igitur comprehendit atque aures eorum abscidit .
6
Legati autem apud omnes gentes sacri habentur .
15
1. Ant. fortis. 4. solvebant, remittebant.

2. proximt, victni. 5. amputdvit, resecuit.
3. poscebant, fldgitdbant. 6. iudicantur, existimantur.
17. Bellum in Minyas.
Erginus, rex Minyarum, ob haec vehementer iratus est,

et cum omnibus copiis in fines Thebanorum contendit 1 .
Creon adventum eius per explorateres cognovit ipse ;
tamen pugnare noluit, nam magno timore affectus est; 20
Thebani igitur Herculem imperatorem 2 creaverunt. Ille

3
nuntios in omnes partes dlmlsit et copias coegit ;
turn
I. mdturdvit, properdvit. 2. dttcem. 3. conlegit.

proximo die cum magno exercitu profectus est. Locum

idoneum 1 delegit et aciem mstruxit turn Thebanl e ;
superiore loco impetum in hostes fecerunt. Illl autem
impetum sustinere non potuerunt; itaque acies hostium

2
5 pulsa est atque in fugam conversa.
i. aptum, commodum. 2. cf. Eng. repulse.
18. Hercules demeiis liberos suos occidit.
Post hoc proelium Hercules copias suas ad urbem

reduxit. Omnes Thebanl propter victoriam maxime
1
gaudebant Creon autem magnis honoribus Herculem
.
10 decoravit, atque filiam suam el in matrimonium dedit.

Hercules cum uxore sua Vitam beatam agebat sed post ;
3
paucos annos subito in furorem incidit atque liberos suos
ipse sua manu occidit. Post breve tempus ad sanitatem
reductus est et propter hoc facinus 4 magno dolore affectus
15 est mox ex urbe effugit et in silvas se recepit. Nolebant
;
enim elves sermonem cum eo habere.

1. laetdbantur. 3. repente.
2. See idioms. 4. fldgitium, scelus.
19. Hercules ad oraculum Delphicum it.
Hercules magnopere 1 cupiebat tantum scelus expiare.

Constituit igitur ad oraculum Delphicum ire hoc enim ;
20 oraculum erat omnium celeberrimum. Ibi templum erat

ornatum hoc in templo sedebat
Apollinis, plurimls donls ;
femina quaedam, nomine Pythia, et consilium dabat els

qui ad oraculum veniebant. Haec autem femina ab ipso
i. valde, vehementer.
HERCULES. 37
1
Apolline docebatur et voluntatem dei hominibus enunti-
,
abat 2 Hercules igitur, qui Apollinem praecipue colebat3

.
,
hue venit. Turn rem totam exposuit neque scelus cela-

4
vit .
1. crudifbdtur, instituebdtur. 3. venerdbdtur.

2. nuntidbat, dicebat. 4. reticuit, texit.
20. Responsum oraculi. e
Ubi Hercules finem fecit, Pythia diu conticebat

1
;
tan-
dem2 tamen iussit eum ad urbem Tiryntha 3 ire, et Eury-
sthel regis omnia imperata4 facere. Hercules, ubi haec
audivit, ad urbem illam contendit et Eurystheo regi se in
servitutem tradidit. Duodecim annos in servitute Eury- 10
sthei tenebatur et duodecim labores quos ille imperaverat,

confecit hoc enim uno 5 modo tantum scelus expiari
;
potuit. De his laboribus plurima a poetis scripta sunt.

Multa tamen, quae poetae narrant, vix credibilia sunt.
1. nihil dicebat. 3. Tiryns, a city in Argolis.

2. Par. post longam moram, 4. iussa.
denique, ad extremum. 5. alone.
21. Labor primus : Hercules Nemaeum leonem occidit. 1

5
Prlmum ab Eurysthe5 iussus est Hercules leonem occi-
dere, qui illo tempore vallem Nemaeam J

reddebat Infes-
tam. In silvas igitur quas leo incolebat, statim se con-
tulit
2
. Mox feram 3 vidit et arcum quern secum attulerat 4 ,
intendit5 : eius tamen pellem6 quae densissima erat, trai-

20
1. Par. faciebat plenam peruutt. 4. gesserat.

2. From confero. See idioms. 5. cf. Eng. tension.
3. animal saevum. 6. cf. Eng. pelt, peltry.

cere non potuit. Turn clava 2 magna quam semper gere-

1
3
bat, leonem percussit frustra tamen, neque enim hoc :
modo eum occidere potuit. Turn demum 4 collum mon-

5 6
strl brachiis suis complexus est, et fauces eius summis
5 viribus compressit. Hoc modo leo brevi tempore exani-

matus est nulla enim respirandi facultas el dabatur.
;
Turn Hercules cadaver ad oppidum in umerls rettulit ;
et pellem, quam detraxerat, postea pro veste gerebat.

Omnes autem qul earn regionem incolebant ubi famam
10 de morte leonis acceperunt 7 vehementer gaudebant8 ,
et
Herculem magno honore habebant.
1.
trdnsflgere. 5. arms.
2. club. 6. Jaws.
3. cf. p. 34, 1. 8. 7. audlverunt.
4. tandem. 8. cf. p. 36, 1.
9.
22. Labor secundus Hercules Hydram 1 Lernaeam

: occidit.
Post haec iussus est ab Eurystheo Hydram necare :
haec autem monstrum erat cui novem erant capita. Her-

15 cules igitur cum amico lolao profectus est ad paludem
Lernaeam quam Hydra incolebat. Mox 2 monstrum inve-
nit, et, quamquam res magnl perlcull, collum eius

erat
laeva3 preEenStt: Turn dextra3 .capita novem abscidere 4
5
coepit ; quotiens tamen hoc fecerat, nova capita exorie-
20 bantur 6 . Diu frustra laborabat, tandem hoc conatu^deslk.
7
tit ;
constituit deinde arbores succidere et ignem accen-
dere. Hoc celeriter fecit, et, postquam ligna ignem
1. The Hydra was a huge 4. cf. p. 35, 1.
14.
serpent having nine heads. 5.

as often as.
2. cf. p. 30, 1. 2. 6. ndscebantur.
3. sc. manu. 7. abstinuit.

HERCULES. 39
2
comprehenderunt, âce ardente colla adussit unde capita
exoriebantur. Non tamen sine magno labore haec fecit ;
venit enim auxilio Hydrae cancer3 ingens, qui, dum Her-

cules capita abscldit, crura eius mordebat 4 .
Postquam
monstrum tali modo interfecit, sagittas suas sanguine
eius imbuit5 itaque mortiferas reddidit 6 .
1. with a
blazing brand he 4. volnerdbat, laedebat.
scorched the necks. 5. tinxit, madefecit.
2. ex quibus. 6. effecit.
3. crab.
23. Labor tertius : Hercules cervum 1 incredibili celeritate

capit.
Postquam Eurystheo caedes Hydrae nuntiata est, ma-

gnus timer animum eius occupavit. lussit igitur Herculem 10
cervum quendam ad se referre, noluit enim virum tantae
audaciae in urbe retinere. Hie autem cervus (cuius
cornua aurea fuisse traduntur 2) incredibili fuit celeritate.
Hercules igitur primum vestigia3 eius in silvis animad-

vertit deinde, ubi cervum ipsum vldit, summls vlribus 15
;
currere coepit. Usque ad vesperum currebat neque noc-

turnum tempus4 sibi ad quietem relinquebat. Frustra
5
tamen, nullo enim modo praedam consequl poterat.
6
Tandem, postquarn totum annum cucurrerat (ita tradi-
8
tur 7 ) cervum cursu exanimatum cepit et vivum ad Eury- 20
stheum rettulit.
1.
stag. 5.
Par. ad cervum pervenire.
2. dicuntur. 6. Pluperf. of curro.
3. tracks. 7. ndrrdtur.
4. obj. of relinquebat. 8. defessum y confectum.
24. Labor quartus : Hercules et aper 1 Erymanthius.
Post haec iussus est Hercules aprum quendam capere

2
qui illo tempore agros Erymanthios vastabat, et incolas
huius regionis magnopere terrebat. Hercules rem su-
5 scepit et in Arcadiam profectus est. Postquam in silvam
3 4
paulum progressus est, apro occurrit ;
illeautem, simul
atque Herculem vidit, statim refugit, et, timore perterri-
tus, in altam fossam se proiecit. Hercules igitur laque-
um5 quern attulerat, iniecit ;
et summa cum difficultate
10 aprum e fossa extraxit. Ille, etsi multum reluctabatur 6 ,
nullo modo se liberare potuit ;

et
7
ab Hercule ad Eury-
stheum vivus relatus est.
1. wild boar. 6. cf. Eng. reluctant.

2. cf. incolebat, p. 37, 1. 1 8. 7. cf. the last sentence of the
3. obviam iit.
previous passage, of which this
4. ubi prtmum. is the passive form.
25. Hercules ad regionem Centaurorum pervenit.
De quarto labore, quern supra narravimus, haec etiam

Hercules, dum iter in Arcadiam facit, ad
1
15 traduntur .
earn regionem venit quam Centaur! incolebant. Mox,

2 3
quod nox iam appetebat ad antrum devertit in quo Cen- ,
taurus quidam, nomine Pholus, habitabat.

4
Ille Herculem benigne excepit et cenam paravit. At
5
20 Hercules, postquam cenavit vinum a Pholo postulavit. ,
Erat autem in antro magna amphora 6 vino optimo repleta 7 ,
1. cf. p. 39, 1.
19. .
3. cave. 5.
cenam silmpsit.
2. appropinqudbat. 4. cibum. 6. wine jar.
7. plena.
HERCULES. 41
quam Centaur! ibi deposuerant. Pholus igitur hoc vinum

dare nolebat, quod reliquos Centauros timebat 1 nullum ;
"
tamen vinum praeter hoc in antro habebat. Hoc
"
vinum," inquit, mihi commissum est2 . Si igitur hoc
dabo, Centaurl me interficient" Hercules tamen eum
3 4
inrlsit et ipse cyathum vml ex amphora hausit.
1. metuebat. 3. dertsit. cf. Eng. deride, ridicule.

2. manddtum est. 4. poculum.
26. Proelium cum Centauris.
1
Simul atque amphora 2 aperta est, odor iucundissimus
undique vinum enim suavissimum 3 erat.
diffusus est ;
4
Centaurl notum odorem senserunt et omnes ad locum 10
convenerunt.
Ubi ad antrum pervenerunt, magnopere iratl sunt quod
Herculem bibentem 5 viderunt. Turn arma rapuerunt et
Pholum interficere volebant. Hercules tamen in aditu6
antrl constitit et impetum eorum fortissime sustinebat. 15
7
Faces ardentes in eos coniecit, multos etiam sagittis
suls volneravit. Hae autem sagittae eaedem erant quae
sanguine Hydrae
8
6lim imbutae erant. Omnes igitur
9 10
quos ille sagittis volneraverat, veneno statim absumpti
20
sunt :
reliqul autem, ubi hoc viderunt, "terga verterunt
et fuga salutem petierunt.
1. cf. p. 40, 1. 6. 6. ostio, limine.
2. Ant. clausa est. 7. cf. p. 39, 1. I.
dulcissimum. 8. Par. quondam tinctae erant.

3.
4. Ant. ignotum. 9. cf. Eng. venom.

cf. Eng. imbibe. 10. abldtt sunf, i.e. necati sunt.
5.
ii. See idioms.
27. Mors Pholl.
Postquam reliqui fugerunt, Pholus ex antro egressus 1

est et corpora spectabat eorum qui sagittis interfectl
2
erant. Magnopere autem miratus est quod tarn levi vol-
3
5 nere exanimati erant et causam eius rel quaerebat.
,
Adiit igitur locum ubi cadaver cuiusdam Centaur! iace-

bat, et sagittam e volnere traxit. Haec tamen, slve casu
sive consilio deorum, e manibus eius lapsa est et pedem
4
leviter volneravit. Ille extemplo dolorem gravem per
10 omnia membra sensit et post breve tempus vi veneni

exanimatus est. Mox Hercules, qui reliquos Centauros
secutus erat, ad antrum rediit et magno cum dolore Pho-
lum mortuum vidit. Multis cum lacrimis corpus amlci
5
ad sepulturam dedit ; turn, postquam alterum cyathum
6
15 vini hausit, somno se dedit.
1. cf. Eng. egress. 4. statim.

2. parvo. 5. cf. p. 41, 1. 6.
3. occtsi erant. 6. quievit, dormivit.
28. Labor quintus : Hercules stabulum Augeae 1 purgat.
Deinde Eurystheus Hercull laborem hunc graviorem

imposuit. Augeas quidam, qui illo tempore regnum in
Elide obtinebat, tria milia bourn habebat. Hi in stabulo
2
20 stabulum autem
ingentis magnitudinis includebantur ;
3 4
inluvie ac squalore obsitum erat, neque enim ad hoc
tempus umquam purgatum erat. Hoc iussus est Hercu-

les intra spatium unius die! purgare. Ille, etsi res erat
Augeas, king of Elis. His

I. 2. mdximae.
stables had not been cleaned for 3. filth.
thirty years. 4. squdlidum.

HERCULES. 43
multae operae, negotium suscepit. Prlmum magno

labore fossam duodeviginti pedum fecit, per quam flumi-
nisaquam de montibus ad murum stabuli perduxit. Turn,
postquam murum perrupit aquam in stabulum immlsit
1
,
2
et tall modo, contra opinionem omnium, opus confecit . 5
I. perfregit. 2. perfecit.
29. Labor sextus : aves Stymphali.
Post paucos dies Hercules ad oppidum Stymphalum

imperaverat enim el Eurystheus ut aves Stym-
iter fecit,
phalides necaret. Hae aves Rostra aenea habebant et

carne 2 hominum vescebantur3 Ille, postquam ad locum 10 .
pervenit, lacum vidit ;

in hoc autem lacu, qui non procul
4
erat ex oppido, aves habitabant. Nulla tamen dabatur
appropinquandl facultas, lacus enim non ex aqua sed e
llmo 5 constitit ;
Hercules igitur neque pedibus neque
6
lintre progredi potuit. 15
Ille, cum magnam partem die! frustra consumpsisset,

hoc conatu destitit et ad Volcanum7 se contulit, ut auxi-
lium ex e5 peteret. Volcanus (qui ab fabris 8 maxime
9 10
colebatur), crepundia quae ipse ex aere fabricatus erat,
Hercull dedit. His 11 Hercules tarn dirum crepitum 12 20
fecit ut aves perterritae avolarent ;

ille autem, dum avo-
lant, magnum numerum eorum sagittis transflxit.
1. beaks of brass. 6. cymbd, ndvl.

2. From card, cf. Eng. carnal. 7. Vulcan, the god of fire and
The abl. is governed by vesce- metal-working.
bantur. 8. artificibus.
3. edebant. 9. a rattle.
4. Par. non tamen appropin- 10. cf. p. 27, 1. 18.
qudre poterat. n. Refers to crepundia.
5.
mud. 12. sonitum^ strepitum.
30. Labor septimus : Hercules taurum ex Ci eta refert
Turn imperavit Herculi Eurystheus ut taurum quendam

ferocissimum 1 ex Insula Greta vivum referret. Ille igitur
2
navem conscendit et, cum ventus idoneus3 esset, statim
5 solvit
4
Cum tamen insulae iam appropinquaret, tanta
.
tempestas subito coorta est ut navis cursum tenere non

posset. Tantus autem timor animos nautarum occupavit
ut paene omnem spem salutis deponerent 5 Hercules, .
6 7
tamen, etsi navigandl imperitus erat, haudquaquam ter-
10 ritus est.
Post breve tempus summa tranquillitas consecuta est,
iam receperant, navem inco-
et nautae, qui se ex timore
8
lumem ad terram perduxerunt. Hercules e navl egres-
sus est et, cum ad regem Cretae venisset, causam veni-
15 endl docuit. Deinde, postquam omnia parata sunt, ad
earn regionem contendit quam taurus vastabat. Mox
taurum vidit et, quamquam res erat magni perlculi, cor-
nua eius prehendit9 Turn, cum ingenti labore mon-
.
strum ad navem traxisset, cum praeda in Graeciam rediit.
1. saevissimum. 5. dtmitterent, abicerent.

2. See idioms. 6. igndrus.
3. aptus, commodus, secundus. 7. nequdquam, minime om-
4. Lit. he loosed, referring to mum, non ommno.
casting off the ropes before 8. salvam, integrant.
sailing. 9. manibus cepit.
20 31. Labor octavus : Hercules et equi Diomedis.
Postquam ex Insula Creta rediit, Hercules ab Eury-

stheo in Thraciam missus est ut equos Diomedis reduce-
HERCULES. 45
ret. Hi equi ârne hominum vescebantur ; Diomedes

2
autem, vir crudelissimus, els proiciebat peregrines om-
nes qui in earn regionem venerant. Hercules igitur
magna celeritate in Thraciam contendit et ab Diomede
postulavit ut equi sibi traderentur. Cum tamen ille hoc 5
facere nollet, Hercules, Ira commotus, regem interfecit et

cadaver eius equls proici iussit.
Ita mira rerum commutatio facta est is enim qui :
antea multos cruciatu3 necaverat, ipse eodem sup-

cum
plicio necatus est. Cum haec nuntiata essent, omnes 10
4
qui earn regionem incolebant ,
maxima laetitia affecti
sunt et Her cull meritam 5gratiam referebant. Non modo
maximis honoribus et praemiis eum decoraverunt, sed
orabant6 etiam ut regnum ipse susciperet7 Ille tamen .
hoc facere nolebat, et, cum ad mare rediisset, navem occu- 15

8
pavit Ubi omnia ad navigandum parata sunt, equos in
.
navem collocavit 9 deinde, 10cum idoneam tempestatem

;
nactus sine mora e et

u
esset, portu solvit, paulo post
12
equos in litus Argolicum exposuit.
1. cf.29, n. 2. 8. conscendit.
2. Ant. cives. 9. posuit.
3. tormento, summo dolore. 10. Par. cum ventus idoneus

4. cf. p. 37, 1. 1 8. esse^ cf. p. 44, 1. 4.
5. See idioms. u. post breve tempus.

6. rogdbant. 12. cf. 2, n. i.
7. occupdret.
32. Labor nonus: Hercules iubetur balteum 1 Hippolytes, 20

Amazonum reginae, obtinere.
Gens Amazonum dicitur omnmo ex mulieribus consti-

tisse
2
. Hae summam scientiam rei militaris habebant
i. cf. belt. 2.
Eng. fuisse.
46 FABULAE FACILES.
et tantam virtutem praebebant 1 ut cum viris proelium

2
committere auderent Hippolyte, Amazonum regma, .
balteum habuit celeberrimum quern Mars el dederat.

Admeta autem, Eurysthei filia, famam de hoc balteo
5 acceperat et eum possidere vehementer cupiebat. Eury-
3 4
stheus igitur Herculi mandavit ut copias cogeret et bel-
lum Amazonibus Inferret. Ille nuntios in ornnes partes
dimisit cum magna multitude convenisset,
et, eos delegit5
qui maximum usum in re militari habebant.
1. exhibebant. 3. imperdvit.
2. Not audlrent. cf. auddx, 4. Par. mtlites conligeret.
auddcia. 5.
cf. Eng. delegate.
I0 33. Hippolyte balteum dare non volt.
His Hercules persuasit, postquam causam itineris

viris
exposuit, ut secum iter facerent. Turn cum els quibus

persuaserat tavern conscendit, et, cum ventus idoneus
esset, post paucos dies ad ostium fluminis Thermodontis
Postquam in fines Amazonum venit, nuntium
2
15 appulit .
ad Hippolytam misit qui causam veniendi doceret et bal-

teum posceret. Ipsa Hippolyte balteum tradere 3 volebat,
4 6
quod de Herculis virtute famam acceperat reliquae ;
6
tamen Amazones persuaserunt ut negaret. At Her-
el
20 cules, cum haec nuntiata essent, belli fortunam temptare

constituit.
Proximo igitur die, cum copias eduxisset, locum ido-
neum delegit et hostes ad pugnam evocavit. Amazones
1. cf. p. 44, 1. 4. 4. quiet) quoniam.
2. appropinqudvit. 5. ceterae.
3. dare. 6. i.e. Hippolyte.

HERCULES. 47
quoque copias suas ex castrls eduxerunt et J non magno

intervallo aciem mstruxerunt.
I. prope non procul.

y
34. Proelium cum Amazonibus.

1
Palus erat non magna inter duo exercitus neutrl ;
tamen initium transeundi facere volebant. Tandem Her- 5
cules signum dedit et, ubi paludem transiit, proelium

commlsit.
Amazones impetum virorum fortissime sustinuerunt et
contra oplnionem omnium tantam virtutem praestiterunt2
ut multos eorum occiderint, multos etiam in fugam con- I0
3
iecerint Viri enim novo genere pugnae perturbabantur,
.
nee solitam4 virtutem praestabant. Hercules autem, cum

haec videret, de suis fortunis desperare coepit. Milites
5
igitur vehementer cohortatus est ut pristinae virtutis
memoriam retinerent, neu 6 7
tantum dedecus admitterent, r
S
hostiumque impetum fortiter sustinerent quibus verbls ;
animos omnium ita erexit8 ut multi, etiam qui volneribus

confecti 9 essent, proelium sine mora redintegrarent 10 .
1.
aqua stdgndns. 7. Par. tantam mfdmiam fer-
2. exhibuerunt, ostenderunt. rent.
3. dederint. 8. excitdvit.
4. adsuetam. 9. debilitatl, infirmt.
5. cf.Eng. pristine. 10. renovdrent^

6. neu =
et ne.
35. Amazones vincuntur.

1
Diu et acriter pugnatum est ;
tandem tamen ad solis 20
i. pugno in the passive voice translate it literally: here, they

is always impersonal. Do not fought.
occasum tanta commutatio 1 rerum facta est ut mulieres

2
terga verterent et fuga salutem peterent. Multae autem
volneribus defessae dum fugiunt, captae sunt in quo
8
, ;
numero ipsa erat Hippolyte. Hercules summam clemen-

5 tiam 4 praestitit5 et, postquam balteum accepit, libertatem
omnibus captlvis dedit. Post haec socios ad mare reduxit
6
et, quod non multum aestatis supererat, in Graeciam
8
proficlsci maturavit
7
. Navem igitur conscendit et, tem-
9
pestatem idoneam nactus, statim solvit antequam :
10 tamen in Graeciam pervenit, ad urbem Troiam 10 navem

appellere constituit frumentum enim, quod secum habe-
;
11
bat, iam deficere coeperat.
1. cf.Eng. commutation: 7. contendit, festmdvit.

2. See idioms. 8. Par. cum ventus idoneus
3. confectae,defatigdtaejassae. esset. nactus is from nanciscor

4. humdnitdtem,bemgnitdtem. =forte invenio.
5. cf. p. 47, 1.
9. 9. cf. 30, n. 4.
6. multum aestdtis much of 10. ndvigdre.
the summer. n. cf. Eng. deficient ', deficit.
36. Laomedoii, rex Troiae, et moiistrum.
Laomedon quldamillo tempore regnum Troiae obtine-
15 bat ad hunc Neptunus et Apollo anno superiore vene-

;
rant et, cum Troia nondum moenia haberet, ad hoc opus

auxilium obtulerant 1 .
Postquam tamen horum auxilio
moenia confecta sunt, nolebat Laomedon praemium quod
2
proposuerat, persolvere .
3
20
Neptunus igitur et Apollo, ob hanc causam irati ,
mon-
4
strum quoddam miserunt specie horribili, quod cottldie e
1. From offero. 3. cf. Eng. irate, ire.

2. dare, pendere. 4. cf. p. 27, 1. 18.
HERCULES. 49
marl veniebat et homines pecudesque vorabat 1 Troiani .
2
igitur, timore perterritl, in urbe continebantur et pecora
omnia ex agrls intra muros compulerant. Laomedon,
his rebus commotus, oraculum consuluit; deus autem el
8 4
praecepit ut flliam Hesionem monstro obiceret . 5
i. cf. Eng. devour. 3. monuit> imperdvit.

z. animalia, bestids. 4. trdderet.
37. Hesione, filia regis, ab Hercule servatur.
Laomedon, cum hoc responsum renuntiatum esset,

1
magnum dolorem percepit sed tamen, ut elves suos ;
tanto periculo liberaret, oraculo parere constituit et 2 diem

sacrificio dixit. Sed, sive casu3 slve consilio deorum, 10
4
Hercules tempore opportunissimo Troiam attigit ; ipso
enim temporis puncto5 quo puella catenis vincta ad litus
6
deducebatur, ille navem appulit. Hercules, e navi egres-

7
8
sus, de rebus quae gerebantur certior factus est turn, :
Ira commotus, ad regem se coritulit et auxilium suum 15
obtulit
9
. Cum rex libenter el concessisset 10 ut, si posset,
puellam liberaret, Hercules monstrum interfecit et puel-

n
lam, quae jam omnem spem salutis deposuerat, inco-
lumem 12 ad patrem reduxit Laomedon magno cum
20
gaudio flliam suam accepit, et Herculi pro tanto beheficio
13
meritas gratias rettulit.
1. sensit, cf. p. 28, 1. 22. 8. See idiortis.
2. See idioms. 9. cf. p. 48, 1. 17.
3. by chance. 10. permisisset.
4. pervenit. n. cf. p. 30, 1. 8.
5. momenta.. 12. salvam.

6. cf. 2, n. i. 13. See idioms.
7. Par. in portum ndvigdvit.
50 FABULAE FACILES.
38. Labor decimus: boves Geryonis.
Post haec missus est Hercules ad insulam Erythiam ut

boves Geryonis arcesseret 1 Res erat summae difficultatis, .
2
quod boves a gigante Eurytione et a cane bicipite custo-
5 diebantur. Ipse autem Geryon speciem horribilem prae-
bebat3 ;
habebat enim tria corpora inter se coniuncta.
Hercules tamen, etsi intellegebat quantum perlculum

4
esset, negotium suscepit et postquam per rnultas terras
;
iter fecit, ad earn partem Libyae pervenit quae Europae

5
10 proxima est. Ibi in utraque parte fretl quod Europam
6
a Libya dividit, columnas constituit , quae postea Hercu-
lis Columnae appellatae sunt.
1. abduceret. 4. rem.
2. Etymology bi- 9 twice or 5.
strait,
double ; caput, head. 6. posuit.
3. exhibebat.
39. Hercules Geryonem interficit et obtinet boves.
Dum hie 1
moratur, Hercules magnum incommodum
2
3
15 ex calore solis accipiebat tandem igitur, Ira commotus, :
arcum suum intendit 4 et solem sagittis petiit5 Sol .
tamen audaciam virl tantum admiratus est ut lintrem 6

auream el dederit. Hercules hoc donum libentissime 7
accepit nullam enim navem in his regionibus invenire
;
20 potuerat. Turn lintrem deduxit 8 et, ventum nactus9 ido-

neum, post breve tempus ad insulam pervenit. Ubi ex
1. in hoc loco. 6. navem, cymbam.
2. molestiam. 7. Ant. invttissime.
3. drdore. 8. launched.
4. cf. p. 37, 1. 20. 9. cf. 35, n. 8.
5. aimed at.
HERCULES. 51
incolis cognovit quo in loco boves essent, in earn partem

1
statim profectus est et a rege Geryone postulavit ut
boves sibi traderentur. Cum tamen ille hoc facere nollet,
Hercules et regem ipsum et gigantem Eurytionem inter-
fecit. 5
I.
fldgitdvit, poposcit.
40. Proelium in Ligures et imber1 lapidum.
Turn Hercules boves per Hispaniam et Liguriam com-

2
pellere constituit postquam igitur omnia parata sunt,
:
boves ex insula ad continentem transportavit. Ligures

tamen, gens bellicosissima, dum ille per fines eorum iter 10
facit, magnls copiis convenerunt atque eum longius pro-
gredi prohibebant. Hercules magnam difficultatem habe-

bat; barbarl enim in locis superioribus constiterant et
saxa telaque in eum coniciebant. Ille quidem paene
3
omnem spem salutis deposuerat sed tempore opportunis- ; 15
simo luppiter imbrem lapidum ingentium 4 e caelo demisit.
Hi magnurn numerum Ligurum
tanta vl ceciderunt ut
5
occlderint; ipse tamen Hercules nihil incommodl cepit.
1. shower. 4. Stronger than mdgnorum.

2. agere. 5.
Par. nulla volnera.
3. cf. p. 30, 1. 8.
41. Transitus Alpium.

1
Postquam Ligures hoc modo superati sunt Hercules ,
20
quam celerrime progressus est et post paucos dies ad

Alpes pervenit. Necesse erat hos transire ut in Italiam
boves duceret res tamen summae erat difficultatis hi
;
:
enim montes qul Galliam ulteriorem 2 ab Italia dividunt,
i. victi sunt. 2. Ant. citeriorem.

nive 1 perenni2 teguntur

quam ob causam neque frumen-
;
tum neque pabulum3 in his regionibus invenin potest.

Hercules igitur, antequam ascendere coepit, magnam
4
copiam frumenti et pabull comparavit et boves oneravit .
5 Postquam in his rebus tres dies consumpserat, quarto die

profectus est et, contra omnium oplnionem, boves inco-
lumes6 in Italiam traduxit.
i. snow. 3. pabulum est cibus bestidrum.

2..
Etymology per, through- 4. cf. Eng. onerous,
out ; anmts, the year. 5. cf. p. 49, 1. 18.
42. Cacus, gigas quidam, boves aufert.
Post breve tempus ad flumen Tiberim venit, illo tamen

10 tempore nulla erat urbs in eo loco Roma enim nondum ;
condita Hercules, itinere fessus, constituit ibi pau-

est.
cos dies morarl ut se ex laboribus recrearet. Haud pro-

cul ex valle ubi boves pascebantur, antrum 1 erat in quo
gigas quidam, nomine Cacus, turn habitabat. Hie spe-
15 ciem terribilem praebebat, non modo quod ingenti ma-
gnitudine corporis erat, sed quod ignem ex ore exspirabat.
2
Cacus autem de adventu Herculis famam acceperat :
3
noctu igitur venit, et, dum
Hercules dormit, quattuor
pulcherrimorum bourn abripuit. Hos caudls4 in antrum
5
20 traxit, ne Hercules vestigiis animadvertere posset quo
in loco celatl essent.
1. cf. p. 40, 1.
17. 4. by their tails.
2. Par. rumorem audiverat. 5. abl. of means.

3. nocturno tempore.
HERCULES. 53
43. Hercules boves amissos undique 1 quaerit.
2
Postero die, simul atque e somno excitatus est, Her-
3
cules furtum animadvertit et boves amissos undique quae-
rebat. Hos tamen nusquam reperire poterat ;
non modo
quod loci naturam ignorabat, sed quod vestigiis falsis 5
deceptus est. Tandem, cum magnam partem diel frustra

consumpsisset, cum reliquis bobus progred! constituit.
At, dum proficisci parat, unus e bobus quos secum habuit,
4 5
mugire coepit. Extemplo el qul in antro inclusl erant,
6
mugitum reddiderunt, et hoc modo Herculem certiorem 10
7
fecerunt quo in loco celati essent. Ille, vehementer Ira-
8 9
tus, ad speluncam quam celerrime se contulit ut praedam
reciperet. At Cacus saxum ingens ita deiecerat ut aditus
speluncae omnino obstrueretur.

1. cf. p. 30, 1. i.
5. statim.
2. cf. p. 31, 1. 12. 6. See idioms.
3. theft, cf. furtive. 7. cf. p. 52, 1. 20.
4. to low. 8. antrum.
9. See idioms.
44. Bobus repertis, Cacus necatur. 15
2
Hercules, cum nullum alium introitum reperire posset,
1
hoc saxum amovere conatus est sed propter eius magni- ;
tudinem res erat difficillima. Diu frustra laborabat neque

quidquam efficere poterat tandem tamen magno conatu :
saxum amovit et speluncam3 patefecit4 Ibi amissos boves .

20
5
magno cum gaudio conspexit ;
sed Cacum ipsum vix
1. aditum. 3. cf. 43, n. 8.
2. invemre. 4. aperuit.
5.
vldit.
cernere 1 potuit, quod spelunca repleta erat fumo 2 quern

3
'
ille more suo evomebat.

Hercules, inusitata specie tur-
batus, breve tempus haesitabat mox tamen in speluncam ;
4 5
inrupit et collum monstrl bracchils 6 complexus est 7 .
8
5 Ille, etsi multum reluctatus est, nullo modo se llberare 9
potuit ; et, cum nulla facultas respirandi daretur, mox,

quod necesse fuit, exanimatus est 10 .
1. videre, conspicere. 7. comprehendit.

2. smoke, cf.
Eng. fumes. 8. Par. vehementer repugnd-
3. Par. inusitdto aspectu com- vit> summd vt restitit.
motus. 9. e rip ere.
4. inruit, invdsit. 10. animd prtvdtus est, necdtus
5. cf. p. 39, 1. i. est.
6. arms.
45. Labor undecimus : aurea poma 1 Hesperidum.
Eurystheus, postquam boves Geryonis accepit, laborem

10 undecimum Herculi imposuit, graviorem quam quos 2 supra
narravimus. Mandavit3 enim ei ut aurea poma ex horto
Hesperidum Hesperides autem nymphae erant
auferret.
4 5
quaedam forma praestantissima quae in terra longinqua ,
habitabant, et quibus aurea quaedam poma a lunone com-

15 missa erant. Multl homines, auri cupiditate induct!, haec
poma auferre iam antea conatl erant: tamen ^difficil-
res
lima erat ; namque hortus in quo poma erant, muro ingentl
6 7
undique circumdatus est praeterea draco quldam, cui
;
centum erant capita, portam horti diligenter custodiebat.
i. apples. 4. pulcherrimd.
2.. The antecedent of quos is 5. remotd.
labores understood. 6. serpens.
3. imperdvit. 7. The dative of possessor.
HERCULES. 55
1
Opus igitur quod Eurystheus Herculi imperaverat, erat
summae difficultatis, non modo ob causas quas memora-
vimus 2 sed quod Hercules
,
omnmo Ignorabat quo in loco
3
hortus ille situs esset.
I. labor. 2. ndrrdvimus. 3. positus.
46. Hercules Atlantem visit. 5
Hercules, quamquam quietem vehementer cupiebat,

2
constituit tamen ûrystheo parere et simul ac iussa ;
eius accepit, proficisci maturavit 3 multis mercato- . A

ribus 4 quaesiverat quo in loco Hesperides habitarent ;
nihil tamen certum reperire potuerat. Frustra per multas 10

tandem, cum in
terras iter fecit et multa pericula subiit :
totum annum consumpsisset, ad extremam

his itineribus
partem orbis quae proxima erat Oceano, pervenit. Hie

stabat vir quidam, nomine Atlas, ingenti magnitudine
5
corporis, qui caelum (ita tradunt ) umeris suis sustinebat 15
ne in terram decideret6 Hercules tantum laborem ma-
.
gnopere miratus, post paulo in conloquium cum Atlante

7
venit, et, cum causam itineris docuisset, auxilium eius

petiit.
1. Par. iussa Eurysthei facere. 4. merchants.

2. simul atque ubi prlmum , .
5. ndrrant^ dlcunt.
3. contendit, festmdvit. 6. Not decideret.
7. mox, post breve tempus.
47. Hercules, Atlante absente, caelum sustiiiet. 20
1
Atlas autem potuit Herculi maxime prodesse ;
ille
enim, cum ipse esset pater Hesperidum, bene scivit quo

I. iuvdre with ace., auxilium dare.
in loco esset hortus. Postquam igitur audlvit quam ob

1 " "
causam Hercules Ipse," in quit ad hortum
venisset, ,
2
ibo, et flliabus meis persuadebo ut poma sua sponte tra-
dant." cum haec audlret, magnopere gavisus
Hercules,
5 est
8
;
enim vim adhibere4 si res aliter5 fieri posset
noluit ,
:
6
constituit igitur oblatum auxilium accipere. Atlas tamen
postulavit ut, dum ipse abesset, Hercules caelum umerls

sustineret. Hoc igitur negotium 7 Hercules libenter sus-
cepit ; et, quamquam res erat summl laboris, totum pon-
10 dus caell continues complures 8 dies solus sustinebat.
1. ait, duit. 4. adferre.
2. libenter, niillo cogente. e 5. alio mode.
3. The perfect of gaudeo. cf. 6. Participle from offero.
laetdtus est. 7. Par. opus, laborem.
8. permultos.
48. Hercules poma ab Atlante accipit.
1
Atlas interea abierat et ad hortum Hesperidum, qul
pauca mllia passuum aberat, se quam celerrime contulerat.
Eo 2 cum venisset, causam veniendl exposuit, et fllias suas
15 vehementer hortatus est ut poma traderent. Illae diu
haerebant 3 nolebant enim hoc facere, quod ab ipsa
;
lunone (de qua ante dictum est) hoc munus 4 acceperant.

Atlas tamen, post multa verba, els persuasit ut sibi pare-
6
rent 5 et , poma ad Herculem rettulit Hercules interea,
.
20 cum plures dies exspectavisset neque ullam famam de

reditu Atlantis accepisset, hac mora graviter commotus
est. Tandem quinto die Atlantem vldit redeuntem et
1. interim. 4. donum.
2. illuc, in eum locum. 5.
cf. p. 55, 1.
7.
3. dubitdbant, haesitdbant. 6. reportdvit.

HERCULES. 57
mox magno cum gaudio poma accepit turn postquam ;
^ratias pro tanto beneficio egit, ad Graeciam proficiscl

maturavit.
i. See idioms.
49. Labor duodecimus: canis Cerberus.
Postquam aurea poma ad Eurystheum relata sunt, unus 5
modo 1 relinquebatur e duodecim laboribus quos Pythia

2
3
Herculi praeceperat Eurystheus autem, cum Herculem
.
magnopere timeret, volebat eum in aliquem locum mittere

unde 4 numquam redire posset. Negotium 5 igitur el dedit
6
ut canem Cerberum ex Oreo in lucem traheret. Hoc 10
opus omnium difficillimum erat, nemo enim umquam ex

Oreo redierat. Praeterea Cerberus iste monstrum erat
horribili specie, cui tria erant capita serpentibus saevis
circumvoluta. Antequam tamen hunc laborem narramus,
7
non alienum videtur, quoniam de Oreo mentionem feci- 1 5
8
mus, pauca de ista regione proponere .
1. tantum^ solum. 6. Orcus is the abode of the

2. cf. 19. dead, Hades.
3. imperdverat, iusserat. 7. /'/ does not seem out of
4. ex quo. place.
5. cf. p.
56, 1. 8. 8. ndrrdre.
50. Orcus.
De Oreo, qui idem

1
Hades dicebatur2 haec traduntur3 , .
5 6
discesserat, manes eius ad Orcum,
4
Ut quisque e vita
1. quoque, etiam. 3. feruntur, ndrrantur,

2. nomindbdtur, appelldbdtur, 4. whenever,
vocdbdtur. S- * v * f& discedere = mori.
6. ghost, shade.
sedem mortuorum, a deo Mercuric deducebantur. Huius

regionis, quae sub terra fuisse dicitur, rex erat Pluto, cui
uxor erat Proserpina, lovis et Cereris filia. Manes igitur,
a Mercurio deduct!, prlmum ad ripam veniebant Stygis 1
2
5 fluminis,quo continetur regnum Plutonis. Hoc transire
necesse erat, antequam in Orcum venire possent. Cum
tamen hoc flumen nullo ponte iunctum esset, manes trans-
vehebantur a Charonte quodam qui cum parva scapha 3
ad ripam exspectabat. Charon pro hoc officio 4 merce-
10 dem postulabat, neque volebat quemquam, nisi hoc
5
praemium prius dedisset, transvehere. Ob hanc causam

6
mos erat apud antiques nummum 7

in ore mortul ponere
eo consilio, ut, cum ille ad Stygem venisset, pretium tra-

8
iectus solvere posset. Ei autem qui post mortem in
9
15 terra non sepultl erant, Stygem transire non potuerunt,
sed in litore per centum annos errare 10 coacti sunt : turn
demum licuit Orcum intrare
11
.
1. The Styx was a river of 5. pretium.

the infernal regions, across which 6. mercedem.
Charon ferried the souls of the 7. sestertium, a coin worth
dead. about five cents.
2. cingitur, circumfluitur. 8. trdnseundl.
3. lintre. cf. p. 50, 1.

17. 9. cf. Eng. sepulture.
4. munere. 10. vagdri, obambuldre.
II. imret ingredi.
51. Regnum Plutonis.
Postquam manes Stygem hoc modo transierant, ad alte-

20 rum veniebant flumen quod Lethe appellatum est. Ex hoc 1
2
flumine aquam bibere cogebantur quod cum fecissent, :
I. Lethe means forgetfulness. 2. Object of fecissent.

HERCULES. 59
resomnes in vita gestas 1 e memoria deponebant. Deni-

2
que ad sedem ipsam Plutonis veniebant, cuius introitus a
cane Cerbero custodiebatur. Ibi Pluto, nigro vestitu in-
dutus 3 ,
cum uxore Proserpina in solio
4
sedebat. Stabant
etiam non procul ex eo loco tria alia solia in quibus sede- 5
bant Minos, Rhadamanthus, et Aeacus, iudices inferorum.

5
Hi mortuis ius dicebant et praemia poenasque constitue-
bant :
boni^
enim in Campos Elysios, sedem beatorum,
6
veniebant ; improbi autem in Tartarum mittebantur et
multis variisque suppliciis 7 ibi excruciabantur8 .
J o
1. dctds. 6. Ant. bom.

2. aditus. 7. poems.
3. amictuS) circumdatus. 8. cf. Eng. excruciating ; tor-
4. selld regatt. menta ferebant.

5. See idioms.
52. Cymba 1 Charontis.
Hercules postquam imperia2 Eurysthei accepit, in Laco-

niam ad Taenarum statim se contulit ibi enim spelunca3 :
erat ingenti magnitudine, per quam (ut tradebatur4) homi-

nes ad Orcum descendebant. Eo 5 cum venisset, ex incolis 15
6
quaesivit quo in loco spelunca esset
ilia sita :
quod cum
cognovisset, sine mora descendere constituit. Non tamen
solus hoc iter faciebat, Mercurius enim et Minerva se
socios ei adiunxerant. Ubi ad ripam Stygis venit, Her-
cules scapham Charontis conscendit ut ad ulteriorem 20
ripam transiret. Cum tamen Hercules vir esset ingenti
1. scapha, linter. 4. cf. p. 57, 1. 17.

2. mssa, manddta. 5. cf. p. 56, 1.
14.
3. cf. p. 53, 1. 12. 6. cf. p. 55, 1. 4.

1
magnitudine corporis, Charon solvere nolebat magno- ;
2
pere enim verebatur ne scapha sua, tanto pondere onerata,
in medio flumine mergeretur 3 Tandem tamen, minis 4 .
Herculis territus, Charon scapham solvit, et eum incolu-

5 mem ad ulteriorem rlpam perduxit.
1. cf. 30, n. 4. 3. cf. Eng. immerse, submerge.
2. See idioms. 4. verbis trdtis.
53. Hercules Cerberum ex Oreo ad urbem Eurysthei

trahit.
Postquam flumen Stygem tali modo transiit, Hercules

in sedem ipsius Plutonis venit et, postquam causam ;
10 veniendl docuit, ab eo petivit ut Cerberum auferre sibi

liceret. Pluto, qul de Hercule famam acceperat, eum
1
benigne excepit, et facultatem quam ille petebat libenter
dedit. tamen ut Hercules, postquam iussa
Postulavit
2
Eurysthei explevisset Cerberum in Orcum rursus redu-
,
15 ceret. Hercules haec pollicitus

est, et Cerberum, quern
3
non sine
magno periculo manibus prehenderat summo ,
cum labore ex Oreo in lucem et ad urbem Eurysthei

5
traxit. Eo4 cum venisset, tantus pavor animum Eury-
6
sthei occupavit ut ex atrio statim refugerit cum autem :
recepisset, multls cum lacrimls

7
20 paulum se ex timore
obsecravit 8 Herculem ut monstrum sine mora in Orcum
reduceret. Sic, contra omnium opinionem, duodecim
ill! labores quos Pythia praeceperat, intra duodecim
1. veniam, licentiam. 6. The atrium was the prin-
2. exsecutus esset. cipal room of a Roman house.
3. ceperat. 7. parum. Ant. multum,
4. Adv. mdgnopere.
5. timer. 8. precdtus est, obtestdtus est.
HERCULES. 61
annos confecti sunt 1 :

2
quae cum ita essent, Hercules,
servitute tandem llberatus, magno cum gaudio Thebas
rediit.
i. perdctl sunt. 2. See idioms.
54. Hercules et Nessus, Centaurus.
Post haec Hercules multa alia praeclara 1 perfecit quae 5
nunc perscrlbere 2longum est :

8
tandem, iam aetate pro-
vectus, Deianlram Oenei filiam in matrimonium duxit :
post tamen tres annos accidit ut puerum quendam,

nomine Eunomum, casu occideret. Cum autem mos
esset ut, si quis hommem casu occidisset, in exsilium 10
iret, Hercules cum uxore sua e flnibus eius civitatis exire
maturavit. Dum tamen iter faciunt, ad flumen quoddam

pervenerunt quod nullo ponte iunctum erat, et, dum quae-
4 5
runt quonam modo flumen traiciant ,
accurrit Centaurus
quidam, nomine Nessus, qui auxilium viatoribus obtulit. 15

Hercules igitur uxorem suam in tergum Nessi imposuit :
6
turn ipse flumen nando traiecit. At Nessus, paulum in
7 8
aquam progressus ad ripam ,
subito reversus est et
Deianlram auferre conabatur9 .

Quod cum animadver-
10
tisset Hercules, Ira graviter commotus, arcum intendit et 20
pectus Nessi sagitta transfixit.
1.
egregia, eximia. The adj. 5. trSnseant.
is used substantively. by swimming, abl. of the
6.
2. See idioms. gerund expressing means.

3. senex, aetdte progressus. 7. profectus.
4. quonam : the enclitic -nam 8. rediit.
makes quo emphatic. 9. temptdbat.

10. vidisset, intellexisset.
55. Nessus moriens aliquid cruoris sui Deianirae dat.
Nessus igitur, sagitta Herculis transflxus, moriens

huml 1 iacebat2 at, 3 ne occasionem ;
sui ulclscendi dlmit-
" 4
teret, ita locutus est :
Tu, Deianlra, verba morientis
5 audi : si vis
5
amorem mariti 6 tui conservare, aliquid san-
guinis huius, qul e pectore meo effunditur, sume ac

7
repone ; turn, si umquam mentem tuam susplcio in
venerit, vestem mariti hoc sanguine Inficies 8 ." Haec

locutus Nessus 9 animam efflavit Deianlra autem nihil ;
10 mall suspicata, imperata 10 fecit. Post breve tempus Her-

cules bellum contra Eurytum, regem Oechaliae, suscepit,
et, cum regem ipsum cum fllils interfecisset, lolen, flliam
Eurytl, captlvam reduxit. Antequam tamen domum

11
venit, navem ad Cenaeum promunturium appulit et, ,
15 in terram egressus, aram constituit ut lovl sacrificaret.

Dum tamen sacrificium parat, Licham comitem suum
domum mlsit qul vestem albam referretmos enim erat
:
apud antiques, dum sacrificia faciebant, vestem albam

12
gerere. At Deianlra ne Hercules amorem erga verita
20 lolen haberet, vestem,
priusquam Lichae dedit, sanguine
Nessi Infecit.
1. Locative case, on the 7. reconde, servd.
groitnd, 8. imbues, tinges, cf. p. 39,
2. Not iaciebat. 1. 6.
3. lest he should lose the op- 9. mortuus est.
portunity of avenging himself . 10. manddta, iussa.
4. sc. met. ii. cf. p. 48, 1. ii.
5. From void. 12. Translate as a present

6. virty coniugis. participle.
HERCULES. 63
56. Mors Herculis.
Hercules nihil mall suspicatus, vestem, quam Lichas
attulit, statim induit: post tamen breve tempus dolorem
per omnia membra sensit, et quae causa esset eius rel
magnopere mirabatur. Dolore paene exanimatus, vestem 5

2
detrahere 1 conatus est: ilia tamen in corpore haesit ,
3
neque ullo modo dlvelli potuit. Turn demum Hercules,
4
quasi furore impulsus, in montem Oetam se contulit, et
6
rogum quern summa
5
in celeritate exstruxit ,
se imposuit.
Hoc cum fecisset, eos qui circumstabant oravit ut rogum 10
7 8
quam celerrime accenderent omnes diu recusabant : :
tandem tamen pastor quidam, ad misericordiam inductus,

Turn, dum omnia fumo obscurantur,
9
ignem subdidit.
10
Hercules, densa nube velatus a love in Olympum abrep-
,
11
tus est. 15
1. divellere. 7. mflammdrent.
2. adfixa est. 8. negdbant.
3. detraht. 9. cf. p. 54, 1. I.
4. See idioms. 10. tectus.
5. pyram. II. abldtus.
6. eduxit. Ant. destruxit, cf.
Eng. destruction.
VIRI ROMAE.
I.
MARCUS ATILIUS REGULUS.

256 B.C.
The events here recorded took place during the First Punic War (264-
241 B.C.). Regulus was celebrated not only for his heroism but also for the
simplicity and the frugality of his life. Subsequent ages loved to point to
him as a typical Roman.
57. Hanno, quasi de pace acturus, ad Regulum venit.
2
Marcus Regulus cum Poenos magna clade 1 adfecisset ,
Hanno Carthaginiensis ad eum venit quasi de pace actu-

3 4
rus, re vera ut tempus extraheret donee novae copiae
5 ex Africa advenlrent. Is ubi ad consulem accessit 6 exor- ,
6
tus est militum clamor auditaque vox, 7
idem huic8 facien-
dum quod paucis ante annis Cornelio consul! a
esse
Poenis factum esset. Cornelius enim velut9 in conlo-
10
quium per fraudem evocatus a Poenis comprehensus erat
10 et in vincula coniectus. lam Hanno timere incipiebat,
1. caedes, inter necio, calami- 6. coepit, incepit.
tds. 7. idem . . .
factum esset,
2. aliquem cldde adfi-

mdgnd ind. disc, after vox audtta est*
cere =
aliquem devincere. which suggests a verb of saying.
3. produceret, extenderet. 8. to him.
4. dum. 9. quasi.
5. adiit, appropinqudvit. 10. captus erat.
ROMAN IN TOGA PRAETEXTA.
MARCUS ATILIUS REGULUS. 65
" 2
sed periculum astuto 1 response avertit : H6c vero,"
inquit, "si feceritis, nihilo eritis Afrls meliores." Consul
tacere iussit eos qui par pan referrl 8 volebant, et conve-
"
niens 4 gravitati Romanae responsum dedit Isto te :
metu, Hanno, fides Romana

pace, liberal." De quia 5
5
neque Poenus serio agebat et consul victoriam quam
6
pacem malebat, non convenit.
1. sagdci, sapiente. 3. reddl.
2. hoc vero feceritis,
Or. St 4. aptum.
nihilo meliores eritis Afris. 5. Adv. cf. re verd.
6. pactum est.
58. Regulus deinde in Africam traiecit, ubi, trecentis ca-
stellis expugnatis, ingentem serpentem occidit.
Regulus deinde in Africam primus Romanorum ducum 10
traiecit. Clypeam urbem et trecenta castella expugnavit,
neque cum hominibus tantum sed etiam cum monstrls

1
,
dlmicavit
2
Nam cum ad flumen Bagradam castra habe-
.
3 4
ret,anguis mira magnitudine exercitum Romanorum
vexabat multos milites ingenti ore corripuit
; plures ; 15
caudae 5 verbere 6 ellsit

7
;
nonnullos ipso pestilentis hali-
tus 8 adflatu exanimavit9 .
Neque is telorum ictu perforari
10 11 12
poterat, durissima squamarum lorlca omnia tela facile
repellente. Confugiendum fuit ad machinas advectisque
1. Adv. solum. 7. fregit.
2. pugndvit. 8. splritus.
3. serpens. 9. animd privdvit, necdvit.

4. egregid, singular?. 10. firmissimd.
5. cf. Eng. caudal, and p. 52, n. of the scales.
1.
19. 12. lorica est munlmentum
6. pldgd, tctu. c or poris.
66 VIRI ROMAE.
1
ballistis et catapultis, velut arx quaedam munita, deicien-
dus hostis fuit. Tandem saxorum pondere oppressus
iacuit,sed cruore suo flumen corporisque pestifero 2 adflatu
vicina loca Infecit Romanesque castra inde submovere
coegit. Corium 3 beluae4 centum ,

et vigintl oedes longum,
Romam misit Regulus.
1.
quidam is the nearest ap- 3. pellis. cf. Eng. pelt.
proach to the English indefinite 4. Belua est animal ingens et
article. formiddbile.
2. pernicioso, exitioso.
59. Senatus imperium Reguli in annum proximum pro-

1
rogavit et alimenta coniugi liberisque eius dedit.
Huic ob res bene gestas 2 imperium in annum proximum

10 prorogatum Quod est. ubi cognovit Regulus, scripsit
3
senatui vilicumsuum in agello 4 quern septem iugerum 5 ,
6
habebat, mortuum esse et servum occasionem nactum
7 8
aufugisse ablato mstrumento rustico, ideoque petere se
ut sibi successor in Africam mitteretur, ne, deserto agro,
15 non esset unde uxor et liberi alerentur. Senatus acceptls
9
litterls res quas Regulus amiserat publica pecunia redimi
10
iussit, agellum colendum locavit ,
alimenta coniugi ac
11
llberls praebuit .
1. prodiixit, extendit. 6. Par. occdsione fortulto in-
2. factds. ventd.
3. vtlicus est praefectus villae 7. From ab-fero.

cui tota rerum rusticdrum cura 8. et ob hanc rem.
commissa est. 9. recipi, reddt, repom.
4. parvo agro. 10. let, lease.
5. gen. of measure. A iuge- n. dedit, trddidit.

rum isabout f of an acre.
MARCUS ATILIUS REGULUS. 67
60. Carthaginienses, duris pacis condicionibus impositis,

a Lacedaemoniis auxilium petierunt.
Regulus deinde multls proeliis Carthaginiensium opes

1
contudit eosque pacem petere coegit. Quam cum Regu-
lus nollet nisi durissimls condicionibus dare, a Lacedae- 5
moniis illl auxilium petierunt.

i. Ant. auxit.
61. Regulus a Xanthippe victus et captus est.
Lacedaemonii Xanthippum, virum belli peritissimum,
Carthaginiensibus miserunt, a quo Regulus victus est

ultima pernicie; nam duo tantum 1 milia hominum ex 10
omni Romano exercitu refugerunt et Regulus ipse captus

et in carcerem coniectus est.
i. solum.
62. Inde Romam de permutandis captivis missus est.
Inde Romam de permutandis captivis missus est dato

iureiurando ut, si non impetrasset 1 ,
redlret ipse Carthagi- 15
nem. QuI cum Romam venisset, inductus in senatum
2
mandata exposuit sententiam ne diceret recusavit3
; ;
quam diu iureiurando hostium teneretur, se non esse

senatorem. lussus tamen sententiam dicere, 4negavit
esse utile captives Poenos reddl, illos enim adulescentes 20
5
esse et bonos duces, se iam confectum senectute. Cuius
1 .
exordssety precibus obtinu- idea of saying in this verb gov-
isset perjecisset.
t
erns the ind. disc, of the following
2. Translate as if sententiam sentence.
dicere. 4. dixit non esse.
3. detrectavit, noluit. The 5. debilitdtum.

68 VIRI ROMAE.
cum 1
auctoritas, captlvi retenti sunt, ipse, cum
valuisset
retineretur a propinquls et amicis, tamen Carthaginem
rediit; neque vero tune Ignorabat se ad crudelissimum

2 3
hostem et ad exquisita supplicia proficlsci, sed iusiuran-
5 dum conservandum 4 putavit.

1. plus potuisset, mcisset. 3. poends.
2. eximia, singuldria. 4. sc. esse.
63. Regulus Carthaginem revertit et summo supplicio

occisus est.
Reversum 1 Carthaginienses omm cruciatu2 necave-

runt3 4 5
palpebrls enim resectls diu eum in loco tenebri-
;
10 coso 6 tenuerunt ; deinde, cum sol esset ardentissimus, eum

7
repente eductum intueri caelum coegerunt postremo in ;
arcam 8 ligneam undique clavls 9 praeacutls horrentem 10 et

tam angustam ut erectus perpetuo man ere cogeretur, eum
incluserunt. Ita dum fessum 11
corpus, quocunque incll-
12
15 nabat, stimulis ferrels confoditur vigilils et dolore con- ,
13
tinuo interemptus est Hie fuit Atlll Regull exitus 14
.
,
ipsa vita clarior et inlustrior.

1. Reversum agrees with eum 7. denique, tandem, ad extre-
understood, object of necdve- mum.

runt. 8. cistam. cf. ark, chest.
2. tormento, dolore. 9. nails.
3. occiderunt, interfecerunt. 10. horridam, asperam.

4. eyelids. n. defessum, fatlgdtum.
5. rescissls,amputdtis. \2. pungitur, volnerdtur.
6. obscuro, sine lumine. 1
3. necdtus est.
14. finis vitae, mors.

PUBLIUS CORNELIUS SCIPIO AFRICANUS. 69
II.
PUBLIUS CORNELIUS SCIPIO AFRICANUS.

218-183 B.C.
This Scipio, known as Africanus Major to distinguish him from Afri-

canus Minor, the hero of the Third Punic War, -was of a noble line of ances-
tors. He first distinguished himself in 218 B.C., when but sixteen years of
age, by saving his father's life in battle. It was his supreme glory to con-
quer Hannibal and bring the Second Punic War to a successful conclusion.
64. Pueritia Scipionis.
Publius Cornelius Scipio, nondum annos pueritiae egres-

sus patrem singular! virtute servavit; qui cum, pugna
apud Tlclnum contra Hannibalem commissa, graviter vol-

neratus in hostium manus iam iam venturus esset, filius, 5
1
interiecto corpore, Poenls inruentibus se opposuit et pa-
trem perlculo liberavit.
i. invddentibus, impetum facientibus.
65. Aedilis creatus.
Quae pietas Sclpioni postea aedilitatem petenti f avorem

popull conciliavit
1
Cum obsisterent tribuni plebis, 2ne- 10
.
gantes rationem eius esse habendam quod nondum ad

"
petendum legitima aetas esset, Si me/' inquit Scipio,
"
omnes Quirites aedllem facere volunt, satis annorum
3
habeo." Tanto inde favore ad suffragia itum est ut tri-
buni incepto 4 desisterent. X

5
1. compardvit.
attulit, 3. cf. suffrage.
2. saying that he ought not to 4. consilio.
be considered.
70 VIRI ROMAE.
66. Post calamitatem Cannensem summa imperi ad eum

delata est*. Coegit nobiles quosdam iuvenes iurare
ipsos rem publicam 11011 deserturos esse.
Post cladem Cannensem Roman! exercitus reliquiae

5 Canusium perfugerant cumque2 ibi tribuni militum quat-
;
tuor essent, tamen omnium consensu ad Publium Scipi-

onem admodum3 adulescentem summa imperi delata est
1
.
Quibus consultantibus nuntiat Publius Furius Philus,

consularis viri filius, nobiles quosdam iuvenes propter
4
10 desperationem consilium de Italia deserenda inlre Sta- .
5
tim in hospitium Metelli, qul coniurationis erat prlnceps,
se contulit Scipio ;
et cum concilium ibi iuvenum, de qui-
bus adlatum erat 6 invenisset, ,
7
stricto super capita con-
"
sultantium lurate," inquit, "vos neque ipsos
gladio,
15 rem publicam populi Roman! deserturos neque alium
8
civem Romanum deserere passuros qul non iuraverit, ;
9
in se hunc gladium strictum esse sciat." Haud secus
10
pavidi quam si vlctorem Hannibalem cernerent iurant ,
11
omnes, custodiendosque semet ipsos Scipioni tradunt.
1. tributa est. 7. stricto gladio^ drawing his
2. Concessive. sword.
3. valde. 8. permissuros, concessiiros.

4. capere. 9. Par. non aliter timidt.
5. domum. 10. viderent.
6. nuntidtum erat. II. tuendos, defendendos.
20 67. In Hispaniam Scipionem Roman! mittunt.
Cum Roman! duas clades 1 in Hispania accepissent

duoque ibi summi imperatores 2 intra dies triginta cecidis-
i. damna, calamitdtes. 2. duces.

1 2 3
sent , placuit exercitum auger! eoque proconsulem mitti ;
4
nee tamen quern mitterent, satis constabat . Ea de re
6
indicta sunt comitia.Primo 6 populus exspectabat ut,
qui se tanto dignos imperio crederent, nomina profite-
rentur 7 sed nemo audebat illud imperium suscipere.
; 5
Maesta8 igitur civitas ac 9prope inops consili comitiorum

die in campum descendit. Subito P. Cornelius Scipio,
10 11
quattuor et viginti ferme annos natus professus ^se,
petere, in superiore, unde 13 conspici posset, loco constitit.
In quern postquam ora conversa sunt, 14 ad unum

omnium 10
omnes Scipionem in Hispania proconsulem esse iusserunt.

At postquam animorum impetus resedit 15 populum Roma- ,
num coepit
16
fact!
paenitere
17
aetati Scipionis maxime
;
diffldebant. Quod ubi animadvertit Scipio, advocata

18
contione ita magno elatoque animo de bello quod geren- 1
5
dum esset disseruit

19
ut homines cura liberaret speque
certissima impleret.
1.
interfectt essent, mortui es- n. old. See idioms.
sent. 12. that he was a candidate.
2. optimum msum est. The 13. ex quo.
subject is the following infini- 14. Par. ne uno quidem ex-
tive clause. cepto. See idioms.
3. et in ilium locum. 15. requievit.
4. Par. manifestum erat. 16. incepit. It is used imper-

5. a general assembly was sonally here.
called. 17. repent. Remember that
6. at first. this verb takes the accusative of
7. Par. publice confiterentur. the person and the genitive of
8. tristis. the thing.
9. Par. paene sine consilio. 18. alto, excelso.
10. paene, prope. 19. dtxit, locutus est.

72 VIRI ROMAE.
68. Profectus in Hispaiiiam, Carthaginem Novam expugna-

vit et dementia in Celtiberorum principem adulescen-
tem, earn gentem Romanis coniunxit.
Profectus igitur in Hispaniam Sclpio Carthaginem

2
5 Novam, *quo die venit, expugnavit. E6 congestae erant
omnes paene Africae et Hispaniae opes3 ibi arma, ibi ,
pecunia, ibi totlus Hispaniae obsides erant quibus om- ;
nibus potltus est 4 Sclpio. Inter captives ad eum adducta

5
est eximiae formae adulta virgo. Quam ubi comperit 6
10 inlustrl loco inter Celtiberos natam 7 prmcipique eius gentis
8 9
adulescentl desponsam esse, arcessitlsparentibus et
sponso
10
,
earn reddidit. Parentes virginis, qui u ad earn
redimendam satis magnum auri pondus attulerant, Scipi-
onem orabant ut id a se donum acciperet. Sclpio aurum
15 ante pedes pom iussit vocatoque ad se virginis sponso,
"Super
12
dotem 13,'' inquit, "quam accepturus a socero
14
es, haec tibi a me

dona accedent 15," aurumque
dotalia
Ille domum reversus 17ad
16
tollere ac sibi habere iussit.
referendam Scipioni gratiam Celtiberos Romanis concili-
20 avit.
1. eo die quo venit. II. to ransom her.
2. in id oppidum. 12. in addition to.
3. dwitiae, opulentia. 13. Dos est id quod datur

4. potior takes the ablative. puellae quae in mdtrimonium
5. egregiae, praestantis. datur.
6. invenit. 14. father-in-law.
7. ortam. 15. addentur.

8. in mdtrimonium promts- 16. Par. de terrd levdre.
sam. 17. to requite the favor to
9. ad se vocdtls. Scipio. See idioms.

10. her betrothed.
69. Scipio Hasdrubalem expellit; captives partim dimit-

tit partim vendit. Narratio de Massiva, captivo regio.
Deinde Scipio Hasdrubalem victum ex Hispania expu-

Castris hostium potitus omnem praedam militibus
1
lit.
concessit captlvos Hispanos sine pretio domum dimisit

2
, ; 5
Afros vero vend! iussit. Erat inter eos puer adultus regii
generis, forma Inslgnl 3 quern cum percontaretur 4 Scipio
,
5 6
quis et cuias esset, et cur id aetatis in castrls fuisset,
" " 7
Numida sum," inquit puer, Massivam populares
vocant orbus 8 a patre relictus, apud avum maternum,
;
10
Numidiae regem, educatus sum. Cum avunculo9 Masi-

10
nissa, qui nuper subsidio Carthaginiensibus venit, in
Hispaniam traieci ; prohibitus propter aetatem a Masi-
11
nissanumquam ante proelium inii. E6 die quo pugna-
tum est cum Romanis, mscio 12 avunculo, clam 13 armis 15
14
equoque sumpto in aciem exii ibi prolapso equo cap-
, ;
15
tus sum a Romanis." Scipio eum interrogat velletne
ad avunculum revertl ? Cum effusis gaudio lacrimls id
16
vero se cupere puer dlceret, turn Scipio puero anulum
17
aureum equumque ornatum donat datlsque qui tuto 20
18
deducerent equitibus ,
dimisit.
1. spolia. 10. lately.
2. dedit. 11. An adverb.
3. eximid. 12. nescio, ignorante.
4. interrogdret. 13. occulte, ant. palam.

5. unde, ex quo loco. 14. capto.
6. at that time of life ; see In- 15. percontdtur.
troduction IV, 1 6, 4, c. 1 6. ring.
7. elves met. 17. An adverb = sine peri-
8. sine parentibus. culo.
9. maternal uncle. 1 8. abl. abs. with datts.

74 VIRI ROMAE.
70. Scipio regis appellationem per magnitudinem animi

denegat.
Cum Publius Cornelius Scipio se erga Hispanos cle-

menter gessisset 1 circumfusa multitude eum regem in-
,
2
5 genti consensu appellavit at Scipio silentio per prae-
;
conem3 facto,
tf
N6men imperatoris," inquit, "quo me
mei mllites appellarunt, mihi maximum est regium :
4
nomen, alibi magnum, Romae intolerable est. Si id
5 6
amplissimum iudicatis quod regale est, vobls licet exi-
10 stimare regalem in me esse 7
animum; sed oro vos ut a
regis appellatione abstineatis." Sensere 8 etiam barbari
magnitudinem animi qua Scipio id aspernabatur 9 quod
ceterl mortales admirantur et concupiscunt 10 .
1. se gerere. See idioms. 6. putdtis, existimdlis.

2. immense, mdximo. 7. peto, rogo.
3. herald. 8. mdertint, intellexerunt.
4. alto in loco. 9. reiciebat.
5. cldrissimum. 10. vehementer cupiunt.
71. Scipio, recepta Hispania, in Africam legatum cum

15 donis misit qui amicitiam Syphacis, Mamorum regis,
conciliaret.
Scipio, recepta Hispania, cum iam bellum in ipsam Afri-

cam transferre meditaretur, conciliandos prius regum et
gentium animos exlstimavit. Syphacem, Maurorum re-

20 gem, opulentissimum totlus Africae regem, quern magno
2
usul sibi fore 1 speraret, primum temptare statuit .
Itaque
legatum cum donis ad eum misit C. Laelium, quocum
intima familiaritate vivebat. Syphax amicitiam Roma-
I. futurum esse. 2. decrevit.
1
norum se accipere adnuit sed fidem nee dare nee acci-
2
pere nisi cum ipso coram duce Romano voluit.
i. adsensit, adfirmdvit. 2.
face to face.
72. Scipio ipse in Africam traiecit et ibi Hasdrubalem

hostem forte invenit.
Scipio igitur in Africam traiecit. Forte ita incidit ut eo 5
ipso tempore Hasdrubal, pulsus ex Hispania, ad eundem .
1 2
portum appelleret Syphacis amicitiam pariter petlturus
,
.
3 4
Uterque a rege in hospitiiim invitatus Cenatum simul .
5
apud regem est, eodem etiam lecto Scipio atque Has-
drubal accubuerunt 6 Tanta autem inerat comitas 7 in
.
10
Scipione ut non Syphaceip modo sed etiam hostem Infe-

9
stissimum 8 Hasdrubalem sibi conciliaret. Scipio foedere
icto cum Syphace in Hispaniam ad exercitum rediit.
1. admoveret, put in, bring to 5. couch,
land; sc. ndvem. cf. p. 48, 1. II. 6. reclined.

2. Expresses purpose. 7. bemgnitds^ adfdbilitds.
3. sc est. 8. inimicissimum.
4. They dined together with 9. Par. amuitid confirm did.
the king.
73. Masinissa, amicitiam cum Scipione iungere cupiens, in

conloquium cum eo veiiit. Scipio eum in societatem 15
recepit.
Masinissa quoque amicitiam cum Scipione iungere Ham

dudum cupiebat. Qua re ad eum tres Numidarum prin-
2
cipes mlsit ad tempus locumque conloquio statuendum .
Duos pro obsidibus retinerl a Scipione iubet; remisso 20

i. had long desired. 2. praescrlbendum, adstgnandum.
76 VIRI ROMAE.
tertio qui Masinissam ad locum constitutum adduceret,

Scipio et cum paucis in conloquium venerunt.
Masinissa
Ceperat iam ante 1
Numidam ex fama 2 rerum gestarum
admiratio viri, sed maior praesentis 3 veneratio cepit erat ;
5
enim in voltu 4 maiestas summa ;
accedebat 5 6
promissa
7 8
caesaries habitusque corporis, non cultus munditils, sed
virilis vere ac mllitaris et florens iuventa. Prope attoni-
9
tus ipso congressu Numida gratias de fllio fratris remisso
agit: adflrmat se ex eo tempore earn quaesivisse occa-

10 11
10 sionem, quam tandem oblatam non omiserit cupere ;
et populo Romano operam navare.

12
se ill! Laetus eum
Scipio audlvit atque in societatem recepit.
1. An adverb. 7. forma, figura^ species.
2. rumore. 8. orndtus elegantid.
3. sc. virf. 9. grdtids . . .
agit. See
4. facie. idioms.
5.
addebdtur. 10. datam.
6. longhair. n. praetermiserit.
12. auxilium dare.
74. Scipio Romam rediit et consul factus in Sicilian!

proviiiciam suam traiecit. Nanatur quo modo sine
1
15 publica impensa Scipio suos equites paraverit.
Scipio deinde Romam rediit et ante annos consul

2
factus est. Sicilia el provincia decreta est permissum-

3 4
que ut in African! inde traiceret. Qul cum vellet ex
fortissimis peditibus Romanis trecentorum equitum nume-
20 rum complere nee posset illos subito armis et equis in-
struere
5
,
id prudent! consilio perfecit. Namque ex omm
1. cf. expense. 3. sc. est.
2. sc. iustos. See idioms. 4. i.e. ex Sicilia.
5. ado mare.
Sicilia trecentos iuvenes nobilissimos et ditissimos, l qul

2
equls mllitarent et secum in Africam traicerent, legit
3
diemque els edixit qua equls armisque instruct! atque
4 5
ornati adessent. Gravis ea militia procul domo, terra
,
manque multos labores, magna pericula adlatura vide- 5

6
batur neque ipsos modo, sed parentes cognatosque
;
7
eorum ea cura angebat Ubi dies quae dicta erat adve-
.
nit, arma equosque ostenderunt

8
sed 9omnes fere 10 lon-
,
11
ginquum et grave bellum horrere apparebat. Tune
12
Scipio militiam els se remissurum ait si arma et equos ,
10
militibus Romanis voluissent tradere. Laetl condicionem
acceperunt iuvenes Siculi. Ita Scipio sine publica im-
pensa suos Instruxit ornavitque equites.

1. to serve as cavalry. 7. vexabat, sollicitos reddebat.
2. elegit. cf. elect. 8. monstrdverunt.
3. pardti. 9. omnes . . . horrere is sub-
4. ace. plural agreeing with ject of appdrebat.
labores. 10. paene, prope.
5. bellum. ii. vehementer timere.
6. coniunctos sanguine. 12. dtxit.
75. Scipio ex Sicilia in Africam magno militum ardore

profectus, castra in proximis tumulis posuit. Specula- 15
tores hostium in castris captos non solum sine sup-
plicio dimisit, sed etiam totum exercituni ostendit.
Tune Scipio ex Sicilia in Africam vento secundo pro-

fectus est tanto militum ardore, ut non ad bellum duel
viderentur, sed ad certa victoriae praemia. Celeriter 20

naves e conspectu Siciliae ablatae sunt ônspectaque brevi
i. Or. et brem (tempore) Africae litora conspecta (sunt).

78 VIRI ROMAE.
tempore Africae litora. Sclpio cum 1

egrediens ad terrain e
2
navi prolapsus esset et ob hoc attonitos 3 milites cerneret,
id quod trepidationem adferebat in hortationem conver-
"
tens, "Africam oppress! V inquit 5
,
milites !
"
7
6
Expositis
5 copils in proximis tumulis castra metatus est Ibi spe- .
culatores hostium in castris deprehensos et ad se per-

ductos nee supplicio affecit nee de consilils ac vlribus 8
9 10
Poenorum percontatus est ,
sed circa omnes Roman!
exercitus manipulos curavit deducendos ;
deinde interro-
10 gatos num
ea satis considerassent quae specular! 12 erant
11
13
iussi, prandio dato incolumes 14 dimlsit.
1. exiens. 7. posuit.
2. cecidisset. 8. copits.
3. metu permotos. 9. interrogdvit.
4. A pun : the word being 10. Par. dedit manddta ut

used in the sense of press
'
circa totum Romdnum exercitum
' '
against or upon or of conquer, deducerentur.

or subdue? 1 1 . whether.
5. dtxit, ait. 12. mspicere,explordre.

6. Par. copits e ndvibus di- 13. cibo.
missis. 14. salvos, integros.
76. Masinissa se Scipioni coniuiixit, sed Syphax, qui ad

Poenos defecerat, victus Homam missus est.
Scipioni in Africam advenienti Masinissa se coniunxit

15 cum parva equitum turma 1 .
Syphax vero a Romanls ad
Poenos defecerat. Hasdrubal, Poenorum dux, Syphax-
que Scipioni se opposuerunt, qui utrlusque castra una
2
nocte perrupit et incendit. Syphax ipse captus et vlvus
I. manu. 2. penetrdvit, vi ingressus est.

PUBLIUS CORNELIUS SCIPIO AFR1CANUS. 79
1
ad Scipionem pertractus est .
^Syphacem in castra ad-
duci cum
esset nuntiatum, omnis velut ad spectaculum
3
triumphl multitude effusa est praecedebat ipse vinctus ,
;
4 5
sequebatur grex nobilium Maurorum. Movebat omnes
fortiina viri cuius amlcitiam olim Scipio petierat. Regem 5
aliosque captivos Romam Masinissam qui

misit Scipio;
egregie
6
rem Romanam adiuverat 7 aurea corona donavit
1. deductus est. 4. multitude.

2. Or. cum nuntiatum esset Or. fortiina viri cuius ami-
5.
Syphdcem in castra adduci, om- citiam Scipio olim petierat^ omnes

nis multitude, etc. move bat.
3. in vinculis. 6. eximie, excellenter.
7. auxilium dederat, with the dative.
77. Hannibal ex Italia ad defendendam patriam revo-

catur.
1
Haec et aliae quae sequebantur clades Carthaginien- ,
10
sibus tantum terroris intulerunt ut Hannibalem ex Italia

2
ad tuendam patriam revocarent. Frendens gemensque
3
ac vix lacrimis temperans is dicitur legatorum verba
4
audlsse mandatisque paruisse Respexit saepe Italiae .
lltora, semet accusans quod non victorem exercitum sta- 15

tim ab Cannensi pugna Romam duxisset.
1. calamitdtes. 3. abstinens, parcens.

2. gnashing his teeth and 4. to have obeyed, with the
groaning. dative.
78. Hannibal et Scipio ad conloquium conveniunt, sed

pace non facta pugnatum est et Hannibal victus fugit.
Zamam venerat Hannibal, quae urbs quinque dierum

iter a Carthagine abest, et nuntium ad Scipionem misit 20
80 VIRI ROMAE.
ut conloquendi secum potestatem faceret. Scipio cum

1
conloquium haud abnuisset dies locusque constituitur.
,
2 3
Itaque congress! sunt duo clarissimi suae aetatis duces.
4
Steterunt aliquam diu tacit! mutuaque admiratione defixi.
5 Cum vero de condicionibus pacis 5inter eos non convenis-
6 7
set, ad suos se receperunt renuntiantes armis decernen-
dum8 esse. Commisso deinde proelio, Hannibal vlctus
9
cum quattuor equitibus fugit. Ceterum constat utrum-
10
que de altero confessum esse nec melius instrui aciem
10 nee acrius potuisse pugnari.
1. reiecisset, recusdvisset. 8. decidendum,depugnandum.
2. convenerunt. 9. Par. sed firma opinio om-
3. temp oris, saeculi. nium est.
4. for some time. 10. that the battle-line could
5.
non consensissent. not have beenbetter arranged
6. reverterunt, redierunt. nor the battle more bravely fought.

7. referentes, decldrantes.
79. Scipio victis Carthaginiensibus leges imposuit et

Eomam revertit ubi Africaiius ab gratulantibus civibus
appellatus est.
1
Carthaginienses metu perculsi ad petendam pacem
2
15 oratores mittunt, trlginta clvitatis principes. Qui ubi
3
in castra Romana
venerunt, veniam civitati petebant,
non culpam purgantes4 sed initium culpae in Hannibalem
transferentes. Victis leges imposuit Scipio. Legati, cum
nullas condiciones recusarent
5
,
Romam profecti sunt, ut,
6
20 quae a Scipione pacta essent ea patrum ac populi aucto-
,
1. impulsi, permotl. 4. excusantes.

2. legdtos. 5. reicerent.
3. remissionem. 6. constituta essent.

ritate confirmarentur. Ita pace terra marlque parta 1 Scl-
pio exercitu in naves imposito Romam revertit. Ad

2
quern advenientem concursus ingens factus est: effusa
non ex urbibus modo, sed etiam ex agris multitude viam
obsidebat3 .
Scipio inter gratulantium plausus triumpho 5
4
omnium clarissimo urbem est invectus 5 primusque no-
mine victae a se gentis est nobilitatus Africanusque
appellatus.
1.
factd. 5. primusque . . .
nobilitatus^
2. immensus. and he was the first to be made
3. occupdbat. famous.
4. Par. in urbem ductus est.
80. Opinio populi de Scipione quae confirmata diet is

eius factisque est. 10
1
Ex his rebus gestls virum eum esse virtutis divmae
2 3
volgo creditum est. Id etiam dicere baud piget quod
4
scrlptores de eo litteris mandaverunt Sclpionem consue-
,
5 6 7
visse , priusquam dilucesceret, in Capitolium ventitare
ac iubere aperiri cellam lovis atque ibi solum diu demo- 15
ran8 quasi consultantem de re publica cum love aedi-
,
:
9 10
tuosque eius tempi! saepe esse miratos, quod eum id
temporis Capitolium ingredientem canes, semper in

in
13
alios saevientes
11
non latrarent 12 ,
Has volgl de Scl- .
1. tractts, dctis. 9. custodes.

2. Adv. = ab omnibus. 10. eo temp ore.
3. / am not reluctant to tell II. furentes.
this too. 12. bark.
4. trddiderunt. 13. Or. dicta factaquZ eius
5. consuetudinem habuisse. pleraque admlranda videbantur

6. ante lucem. confirmdre atque approbdre has
7. frequenter venire. oplniones volgi de Scipione.
8. manere.
82 VIRI ROMAE.
pione oplniones conflrmare atque approbare videbantur

dicta factaque eius pleraque admlranda, ex quibus est
unum huiuscemodi 1
: assidebat 2
oppugnabatque oppi-
dum in Hispania, situ moenibusque ac defensoribus
3
5 validum et munltum, re etiam cibaria copiosum, neque
4
ulla eius potiendi spes erat. Quodam die ius 5 in ca-
strls sedens dicebat Scipio atque ex eo loco id oppidum
procul videbatur. Turn e militibus qui in iure apud eum
6
stabant, interrogavit quispiam ex more in quern diem
10 locumque Vades sisti iuberet. Et Scipio manum ad
ipsam oppidi quod obsidebatur arcem protendens,
" " "
Perendie 8 ," inquit, sese sistant illo in loco atque
9
ita factum . Die tertia inquam vades sisti iusserat,
oppidum captum est. Eodem die in arce eius oppidi
15 ius dixit.
1. as follows. 6. quidam^ subject of inter-

2. obsidebat. rogdvit, connect with e militibus.
3. frumentdrid. 7. he ordered the securities to
4. capiendi. appear.
5. Object
of dicebat, tr. was 8. die tertid.
pronouncing judgment. 9. sc. est.
81. Hannibal victus ad Antiochum Syriae regem confu-

git ubi cum Scipione conlocutus est.
Hannibal a Scipione victus sulsque invlsus 1 ad Antio-

chum Syriae regem confugit eumque hostem Romanis
20 fecit. MissI sunt Roma legati ad Antiochum, in quibus
2
erat Scipio Africanus qui, cum Hannibale Ephesi con-
;
locutus, ab eo quaeslvit quern fuisse maximum impera-

torem crederet. Respondit Hannibal Alexandrum Mace-
i. odiosus. 2. Locative.
donum regem maximum sibi videri, quod parva manu

1
innumerabiles exercitus fudisset QuaerentI . deinde
" "
quern secundum poneret, Pyrrhum," inquit, quod
2
primus castra metari docuit nemoque illo elegantius loca
3
cepit et praesidia disposuit." Sclscitantl denique quern 5
4
tertium duceret ,
semet ipsum dixit. Turn rldens Scipio,
5" "
Quidnam tu dlceres," inquit, si me vicisses ? " Turn
"
me 6 vero," respondit Hannibal, et ante Alexandrum et
ante Pyrrhum et ante omnes alios imperatores posuis-
sem." Ita improvlso adsentationis 7 genere Scipionem e 10
8
grege imperatorum velut inaestimabilem secernebat .
T. dispersisset. 5.
What in the world would
2. limites castrorum statuere. you have said?
3. guaerentt. 6. Obj. of posuissem.
4. putdret, haberet. 7. flattery.
8. separdbat, dlvidebat.
Scipio imperator, non bellator.

1
82.
2
Scipio ipse fertur quondam dixisse, cum eum quidam
"
parum pugnacem dicerent, Imperatorem me mater, non
bellatorem peperit3 ". Idem dicere solitus est, non solum 15
dandam esse viam fugientibus, sed etiam muniendam 4 .
1. aptus bello. 3. credvit, genuit.

2. dicitur. 4. faciendam.
83. Scipio, legatus Luci fratris, in Asiam profectus est.
Decreto adversus Antiochum bello cum Syria provincia

2
obvenisset 1 Lucio Scipioni, quia parum in eo putabatur
1. had fallen to the lot.
2. Or. quia parum animi putdbdtur in eo esse.

84 VIRI ROMAE.
esse animi, parum roboris, senatus gerendi huius belli

curam mandari 1 volebat conlegae eius C. Laelio. Surgens
tune Scipio Africanus, frater maior 2 Luci Sdpionis, illam
familiae ignominiam deprecatus est dixit in fratre suo :
5 summam esse virtutem, summum consilium 3 seque el ,
legatum fore promlsit. Quod cum ab eo esset dictum,

nihil est de Luci Scipionis provincia commutatum itaque :
frater natu maior minorl legatus in Asiam profectus est

4
et tarn diu eum consilio operaque adiuvit ,
donee trium-
5
10 phum ille et cognomen AsiaticI peperisset .
I. dart. 3. priidentiam.
2.. sc. ndtu. ,
4. auxilium dedit.
5. compardvisset.
84. Antiochus filium Publi Scipionis cepit sed incolumem

eum remisit.
Eodem bello filius Scipionis African! captus est et ad

Antiochum deductus. Benlgne et llberaliter adulescen-
2
15 tern rex habuit 1 , quamquam ab eius patre tum maxime
flnibus imper! pellebatur. Cum deinde pacem Antiochus
a Romanis peteret, legatus eius Publium Sclpionem adiit
elque filium sine pretio redditurum regem dixit, si per eum
3 "
pacem impetrasset Cui Scipio respondit, Abl, nuntia
.
20 regi, me pro tanto munere

4 5
gratias agere ;
sed nunc
aliam gratiam 6 non possum referre quam ut el suadeam 7
ut bello absistat et pacis condicionem nullam recuset."
Pax non convenit ;
tamen Antiochus Scipionl filium
1. tractdvit. 5. See idioms.

2. just at that time. 6. gratiam referre. See idi-
3. obtinuisset. oms.
4. dono. J. horter, moneam.
1
remisit tantique virl maiestatem venerari quam dolorem
2
suum ulciscl maluit .
i. colere. 2. wished rather.
85. Victo Antiocho Scipio, indignatus quod de praeda

quaeritur et sua innocentia in dubium vocatur, rati-
onum 1 librum diripuit et senatum adlocutus est. 5
cum praedae ratio a L. Sclpione repo-

Victo Antiocho
2
sceretur Africanus prolatum ab eo librum, 3 quo acceptae
,
4
et expensae summae continebantur et refelll inimlcorum
accusatio poterat, discerpsit, indignatus de ea re dubitarl5
quae sub ipso legato administrata esset. Quin etiam 10

"7
6
hunc in modum verba fecit:N6n est quod quaeratis,
patres conscript!, num parvam pecuniam in aerarium
rettulerim, qui antea illud Punico auro repleverim, neque
mea innocentia potest in dubium vocari. Cum Africam
totam potestati vestrae subiecerim, nihil ex ea praeter 15
cognomen rettuli. Non igitur me Punicae non fratrem

8
,
meum Asiaticae gazae 9 avarum reddiderunt sed uterque ;
nostrum invidia quam pecunia est locupletior 10 ." Tarn

constantem 11 defensionem Scipionis universus senatus
comprobavit 20
1 .
of accounts. 6. ita dlxit.
2. repeteretur. 7. You have no reason to ask.
3. in which the sums received 8. sc. gazae avarum reddide-

and expended were entered and runt.
by which ... 9. divitiae.
4. refiitdri. 10. dlvitior.
5. Used impersonally. n. firmam.

86 VIRI ROMAE.
86. Deinde tribuni plebis fraude Sclpionem accusaverunt,

sed ille causam 11011 dixit et ab urbe in Llterninum
concessit.
Deinde ScipionI Africano duo tribuni plebis T diem

5 drxerunt, quod praeda ex Antiocho capta aerarium frau-
dasset. Ubi causae dicendae2 dies venit, Sclpio magna
hominum frequentia in Forum est deductus. lussus cau-
sam dicere rostra conscendit et corona triumphall capiti
?t "
suo imposita, Hoc ego die," inquit, Hannibalem Poe-
10 num, imperio nostro inimlcissimum, magno proelio vicl
3
in terra Africa pacemque nobis et victoriam peperi Inspe-
rabilem. Ne igitur simus adversus deos ingrati, sed 4 cen-
seo relinquamus nebulones hos eamusque nunc protinus
in 5
Capitolium lovi optimo maximo supplicatum ." A
6
15 rostris in Capitolium ascendit; simul se universa con-
7
tioab accusatoribus avertit et secuta Sclpionem est, nee
8
quisquam praeter praeconem qui reum citabat, cum tri-
bunis remansit. Celebratior is dies favore hominum fuit
9
quam quo triumphans de Syphace rege et Carthaginien-
20 sibus urbem est ingressus. Inde, ne amplius tribuniciis
iniuriis vexaretur, in Llterninum concessit, ubi reliquam
egit aetatem 10 sine urbis deslderio 11 .
1. diem constituerttnt, i.e. for 6. eodem tempore.

the trial. 7. conventus.
2.
defendendae. 8. the herald who summoned
3. compardvl. the accused.
4. Par. moneo tit hos falldces 9. than the one on which,

homines relinquamus. 10. tempus vitae.
5. Supine expressing purpose. n. longing.

87. Complines praedonum ducis convenerunt ut Scipi-

oiiem viderent. Mortuus est Scipio.
Cum in Liternma villa

J
se contineret, complures prae-
donum duces ad eum videndum forte confluxerunt. Quos
cum ad vim 2 faciendam venire exlstimasset, praesidium
3
5
4
servorum conlocavit aliaque parabat quae ad
in tecto
eos repellendos opus 5 erant. Quod ubi praedones ani-
madverterunt, abiectis armis ianuae appropinquant et
6
clara voce nuntiant Scipioni se non vitae eius hostes,
sed virtutis admiratores venisse, conspectum tanti virl, 10
7 8
quasi caeleste aliquod beneficium, expetentes proinde ;
ne gravaretur se spectandum praebere. Haec postquam

9
audivit Scipio fores reserari eosque introduci iussit.
111! postes ianuae tanquam religiosissimam aram vene-
10
rati, cupide Scipionis dextram apprehenderunt ac diu 15
11
deosculati sunt ;
deinde positis ante vestibulum donls,
12 13
laeti quod sibiScipionem ut viderentcontigisset ,
domum reverterunt. Paulo post mortuus est Scipio

moriensque ab uxore petiit ne corpus suum Romam
referretur. 20
1. aetdtem ageret^ vtveret. se exhibere or se ad spectdculum

2. iniuriam. dare.
3. custodes. 9. idnuds aperlrl.

4. domo. 10. ceperunt.
5. necessdria. n. kissed.
6. Subject of venisse. 12. Or. quod sibi contigisset
7. cupientes. ut Sctpionem viderent.
8. Par. itaque ne moleste ferret 13. evenisset.
88 VIRI ROMAE.
III.
MARCUS PORCIUS CATO.

234-149 B.C.
Cato is one of the best-known and most strikingfigures of Roman history,

being famous as a soldier, as a civil magistrate, and as a writer. In every
respect he was a typical Roman of the old days. As a soldier he won renown
in the Second Punic War. His hostility to Carthage was unrelenting and
has become proverbial. He distinguished himself in civil affairs, especially
by his censorship. He stood for all that was simple, frugal, and virtuous
against the growing luxury and corruption of the time, and administered
his office so rigorously that the name of Censor has clung to him to this day.
Cato wrote on history and agriculture, and is among the earliest writers of
Latin prose.
88. Adulescentia Catonis et sua frugalitas temperantiaque.
Marcus Porcius Cato, ortus municipio 2 Tusculo, adu-

1
3
lescentulus, priusquam honoribus operam daret, run in
praediis paternis versatus est deinde Romam demigra-
4 5
,
6
5 vit et in Foro esse coepit. PrImum stipendium meruit
7
annorum decem septemque, Qumto Fabio, M. Claudio
consulibus. Castra secutus est C. Claudl Neronis eius-
8
que opera magni aestimata in proelio apud Senam, quo
cecidit Hasdrubal, frater Hannibalis. Ab adulescentia
9
10 frugalitatem temperantiamque coluit. Pellibus haedinis
pro stragulis utebatur, eodem cibo quo milites vescebatur ;
1. ndtus. 7. annorum, etc., is gen.

of
2. oppido. description modifying the under-
3. curdret, attenderet. See stood subject of meruit.
idioms. 8. gen. of value, cf. Introduc-
4. agrts. tion IV, 16, 2, c.
mdnsit, fuit.
5. 9. He used kid skins for cover-
He served his first cam-
6. ings,
paign in his seventeenth year.
MARCUS PORCIUS CATO. 89
cum in castrls erat, aquam, si îmio aestu torqueretur,

acetum 2 ,
si vires deficerent, paululum vini sumebat
3
.
i. Par. maxim o calore vexdretur. 2. vinegar. 3. capiebat, bibebat.
89. Cato quaestor ScipionI Africano qui luxuriae aman-

tissimus fuit, cum eo inimice vixit et Romae renuntiavit
res male apud exercitum Scipionis si habere, quod cri- 5
men Scipio facile refutavit.
Quaestor Scipioni Africano obtigit et cum eo parum

1
amice vixit nam parsimoniae amans, sumptus 2 quos

;
Scipio faciebat haud probabat. Qua re eo relicto Ro-

mam rediit ibique Scipionis vitam palam 3 et acerbe repre- 10
4
hendit, quasi eo duce solveretur 5 disciplina militaris.
Dictitabat 6 ilium 7
cum pallid et crepidis solitum ambulare
8
in Gymnasio, libellis eum palaestraeque operam dare,
militum licentiae indulgere. Quod crimen non verbo,
sed facto diluit9 Scipio. Nam cum ea de re legati Roma 1
5
Syracusas missi essent, Scipio exercitum omnem eo con-

10
11 12
venire et classem expediri iussit, tamquam dimicandum
eo die terra marique cum Carthaginiensibus esset ; postri-
13
die inspectantibus pugnae simulacrum
legatis edidit.
Turn eis armamentaria, horrea 14 omnemque belli appara- 20 ,
turn ostendit. Reversi Romam legati omnia apud exer-

15
citum Scipionis praeclare se habere renuntiarunt.
1.
fell to the lot of. 8. parvts libris.
2. expenditures. purgdvit, refellit.

9.
aperte, non occulte. 10. in eum locum.

3.
4. on the ground that. II. pardrl.

5.
laxdretur. 12. pugnandum.
6. Intensive of duo. 13. imdginem.
7. a pallium (a Grecian
in 14. granaries.
mantle) and Grecian shoes. 1
5. egregie, op time, see idioms.
90 VIRI ROMAE.
90. Asperitas Catonis in luxum matronarum.
Eadem asperitate Cato matronarum luxum Insectatus

1
est .
Namque in medio ardore belli Punici Oppius,
2 3
tribunus plebis, legem tulerat qua mulieres Romanae
4
5 plus semunciam auri habere, vestimento versicolorl uti,
iuncto 5 vehiculo in urbe vehl vetabantur. Confecto 6
autem bello et florente re publica, matronae ut pristinus 7
ornatus sibi redderetur postulabant omnes vias urbis ;
obsidebant virosque ad Forum descendentes orabant

10 ut legem Oppiam abrogarent. Quibus acerrima oratione
restitit Cato, sed frustra, nam lex est abrogata.
1. persecutus est. 4. a half-ounce.

2. proposuerat 5. sc. equts.
3. Subject of vetabantur. 6. fimto.

7. antlqmis.
91. Cato consul in Hispaniam profectus est. Victor

Romam reversus de Hispania triumphavit.
Cato, creatus consul, in Hispaniam adversus Celtiberos

15 profectus eos acrl proelio victos ad deditionem compulit.
E6 in bell5 cum ultimis
1
militum parsimonia, vigiliis,
2
labore certabat nee in quemquam gravius severiusque
quam in semet ipsum. Cum Hispa-
3
imperium exercebat
4
nos ad defectionem pronos vldisset, 5 cavendum iudicavit
20 ne possent rebellare. Id autem eflecturus sibi videbatur,
6
si eorum muros dlruisset . Sed veritus ne, si id universis
1. lowest, humblest. 4. inclmdtos, procllves.

2. cum ultimis certdbat = ulti- 5. Par. putdvit prospiciendum
mos superare condbdtur. esse.
3. Emphatic
form of se. 6. evertisset.
civitatibus imperasset communl edicto,non obtempera-

rent
1
, scripsit singulls ut diruerent munlmenta2 minatus3 ,
bellum confestim 4 obtemperassent, epistulasque uni-

nisi
versis civitatibus eodem die reddi iussit. Cum una

5 6
quaeque sibi soli imperarl putaret, universae paruerunt. S
Cato Romam reversus de Hispania triumphavit.

1 .
parerent, dicto audirent. 5. sc. civitds.
2. moenia. 6. dat. after imperdrl used

3. threatening. impersonally.
4. mox, statim, sine mord.
92. Disciplinae militarls exemplum.
Disciplinam militarem summa servabat severitate. Ab

hostlli quondam litore, in quo per aliquot dies manserat,
cum ter
1
dato profectionis 2
signo classem solvisset et 10
3 4
relictus e militibus quidam a terra voce et gestu expo-
stularet utl tolleretur, circumacta ad litus universa classe,
5 6
comprehensum supplicio adfici iussit et quem occisuri per
7
ignominiam hostes fuerant, exemplo potius impendit .
1. naves. versa classe ad Ittus circumacta^

2. loosed, cf 30, n. 4.
. eum comprehend^ et supplicio ad-
3. Or. quidam e militiffus re- fict iussit.
lictus.
5.
occtsuri . . .
fuerant =
4. Par. and or. vehementer would have killed,
postuldret ut auferretur, uni- 6. ignominiose.

7. he used.
93. Censor deinde factus Cato plurimos nobiles severe 15

punivit inter quos Lucius Flamininus, vir consularis, fait.
Censor deinde factus severe el praef uit potestati. Nam

2
cum 1 in 1
complures nobiles animadvertit turn imprimis
I. non solum . . . sed etiam. 2. praesertim, mdxime.
92 VIRI ROMAE.
Lucium Flamininum, virum consularem, senatu movit.

Cui inter cetera facinora 1 illud obiecit. Cum esset in
Gallia Flaminlnus, mulierem famosam 2 ad cenam vocavit 3
4 6
eique forte inter cenandum dixit multos capitis damna-
6 7
5 tos in vinculis esse quos securl percussurus esset . Turn
ilia negavit se umquam vidisse quemquam securl ferien-
8
tem et pervelle id videre. Statim Flaminlnus unum ex
miseris adduci iussit et ipse securl percussit9
illis Quid .
atrocius quam inter pocula 10 et epulas ad spectaculum 11

12
\o mulieris humanam victimam mactare et mensam cruore
respergere ? Eo magis autem .ilium puniendum

putavit
13
Cato, quod amplissimi honoris maiestatem tarn taetro
facinore inquinaverat 14 .
1. scelera. 8. valde velU.

2. mfdmem, malam. 9. sc. eum.
3. invltdvit. 10. cups.
4. epulandum. II. entertainment.
5. ad mortem condemndtos. 12. occldere, interficere.
6. axe. 13. foedo, turpi, horrido.

7. caesurus esset. 14. polluerat.
94. Cato patres adduxit ut bellmn Carthaginieusibus

x indicerent.
^
Cum in senatu de tertio Punico bello ageretur 1 Cato ,
2
iam senex delendam Carthaginem censuit negavitque ea
3
stante salvam esse posse rem publicam. Quod cum,
contradlcente Scipione Naslca, non facile patribus per-
20 suaderet, postea, quidquid in senatu consultabatur, Cato
4 "
adiciebat Ego censeo Carthaginem esse delendam."
,
1. dellberdretur. 3. Direct obj. of persudderet.

2. sc. esse. 4. addebat.
Tandem attulit quodam die in curiam 1

praecocem flcum
"
ostendensque patribus, "Interrogo vos," inquit, quando
"
hanc flcum demptam 2 putetis ex arbore ? Cum omnes
" "
recentem esse dicerent, 3 Atqui tertium," inquit, ante
diem scltote decerptam esse Carthagine prope a ;
tarn
muris habemus hostem." Movit ea res patrum animos et
bellum Carthaginiensibus indictum est.
"
1. an early Jig. 3. But yet" said he, "be
2. detractam, decerptam^ sc. assured that it was picked day
esse. before yesterday at Carthage."
95. Cato fuit optimus pater et ipse in omnibus rebus

instituit.
Fuit Cato ut senator egregius ita bonus pater. Cum 10

el natus esset filius, nullis negotils nisi publicis impedie-
J 2
batur quo minus matri adesset infantem abluentl et
3
fascils involventi. Ubi aliquid intellegere potuit puer,
4
eum pater ipse in litteris instituit idoneum5 et
,
etsi eru-
dltum dorm servum habebat. Nolebat enim servum fllio 15
maledlcere vel aurem vellicare 6 ,

si tardior in discendo
7
esset ; neque f ilium tanti benefici, id est doctrinae, debi-
8
torem esse servo. Itaque ipse eius ludi magister, ipse
9
legum doctor, ipse lanista fuit. Conscripsit manu sua
grandibus litteris historias, ut etiam in paterna domo 20
I . Tr. freely from being pres- 4. erudivit, docuit, educdvit.

ent when the mother> etc.; but 5. aptum.
what literally ? 6. to pull.
2. cf. ablution. 7. et non volebat.
3. swaddling-clothes. 8. scholae.
9. athletic trainer.
94 VIRI ROMAE.
ante oculos proposita haberet 1 veterum 2 mstituta et
exempla.
I. sc. filius. 2. anttquorum hominum.
961 Delectationes agriculturae Cato malebat quam omnes

alias res.
1
5 Agriculture, plurimum delectabatur Cato malebatque
pecorum fructu quam faenore ditescere. A
2
agrorum et
quo cum quaereretur quid maxime in re familiarl expe-
3 " 4
dlret respondit,
,
Bene pascere." Quid secundum 5 ?
" 5 "
Satis bene pascere." Quid tertium ? Male pascere."
6
10
Quid quartum
5
? "Arare ." Et cum ille, qui quaesierat,
5 5
dixisset, "Quid faeneran ?" turn Cato "Quid ," inquit,
" "
hominem occidere ?
1. maxime. 4. Par. bonds greges et pecora

2. to become rich by usury. alere or nutrire.
3. was profitable. 5. sc. expedtret.
6. to till the soil.
97. De moribus Catonis.
1
Scripsit ipse villas suas ne tectorio quidem esse prae-
2 " 3 4
15 litas atque addidit Neque mihi aedificatio neque vas
neque vestimentem ullum est pretiosum ;
si quid est quo
5 6
uti possim, utor si non ; est, facile careo . Mihi vitio
quidam vertunt quod multis egeo at ego illis vitio tri- ;
buo quod nequeunt7 egere." Ipse scriptum reliquit se

1. plaster. 5. abstineo.
2. covered. 6. Par. Qmdam mihi culpae
3. aedificium. attribuunt quod multis rebus cared.

4. utensil, dish. 7. non possunt.
numquam vestem induisse 1 quae maioris pretl quam cen-

2 3
tum denariorum esset cum consulatum gereret, idem
;
vlnum bibisse 4 quod opifices, et obsonium 5 ad cenam e

6 7
Foro comparasse trlginta sestertils idque rei publicae
causa fecisse. Unde 8 Seneca ait, " 9 Marcum Catonem 5
tarn rei publicae Romanae profuit nasci quam Sclpionem";

alter enim cum hostibus nostrls bellum, alter cum mori-
bus gessit."
1. Par. suo corporl circumde- 6. emisse. Ant. vendidisse.
disse. 7. A sestertius is 4.1 cents.
2. A denarius is about 18 8. quam ob rem.
cents. 9. Or. tarn profuit rei pilbli-
3. Par. cum consul esset. cae Romanae Marcum Catonem

4. as the laboring men. ndscl quam Scipionem (ndsci}.
5. cibum. tarn . . .
quam, as much ... as.
98. Patientia Catonis erga inimicos.
Iniuriarum patientissimus fuit Cato. Cui cum L cau- 10

2
sam agent! in frontem mediam inspuisset Lentulus qui-
3 "
dam, abstersit faciem et, Adflrmabo," inquit, "omnibus,
Lentule, eos qui te negant 5 6s habere."
fall!
4
Ab alio
"
homine improbo contumeliis proscissus 6 7
Iniqua ," in- ,
" 8
quit, tecum mihi est pugna tu enim probra facile ; 15
audls et dicis libenter :mihi vero et dicere ingratum et

audire insolitum 9 ." Dicere solebat acerbos inimicos
1.
arguing a case. See idioms. mouth? in a derived sense as
f 1
2. spit into. here, to be impudent.
wiped off. 6. adfectus, lacerdtus.
3.
4. decipt, in errore esse. 7. inaequdlis, imp dr.

5. Used ina double sense; 8. maledicta, contumelids.
*
literally it means to have a

9. inusitdtum, praeter consuetudinem.
96 VIRI ROMAE.
melius de nobis mererl quam eos amicos qul dulces vide-

1
rentur ;
illos enim saepe verum dicere, hos numquam.
I. illos . . .
hos, the former . . . the latter.
99. Cato acute homini cuidam superstitioso respondet.
Homo quidam superstitiosus repperit quondam

1 2
cali-
5 gas suas a soricibus adrosas. Hoc ostento 3 turbatus4 ,
5
consuluit Catonem quid mall portenderetur. Cui ille
"
Non est/' inquit, " ostentum, quod sorices adroserunt
caligas ;
at vero si caligae adrosissent sorices, id fuisset
ostentum."
1. discovered. 3. omine, prodigio.
2. that his boots had been 4. perterritus.
gnawed by mice. 5. See idioms.
10 100. Cato ab inimicis accusatus saepe, numquam magnam

virtutis famam Non
ilium enervavit senectus,
amisit.
sed paulatim sine seiisu adiit. Aiinos quinque et octo-
ginta natus mortuus est.
Cato ab adulescentia usque ad extremam aetatem ini-

15 micitias rei publicae causa suscipere non destitit 1 Ipse .
a multls accusatus non modo 2nullum existimationis detri-

mentum sed quoad 3 vixit virtutum laude crevit 4
fecit, .
Quartum et octogensimum annum agens ab inimicis capi-

5
tall crimine accusatus suam ipse causam peroravit nee ,
6
20 quisquam aut memoriam eius tardiorem aut lateris firmi-
1 . cessdvit. 4. auctus est.
2. suffered no loss in esteem. 5. peregit.

3. quam diu. 6. of his lungs.
tatem imminutam aut 6s 1 haesitatione impeditum animad-

vertit. Non ilium enervavit nee adfixit senectus ea ;
aetate aderat amicis, veniebat in senatum frequens.

2
Graecas etiam litteras senex didicit. Quando obreperet
3
senectus, vix intellexit. Sensim sine sensu ingravescebat
aetas nee subito fracta est 4 sed diuturnitate 5 quasi ex-
; ,
stincta. Annos qulnque et octoginta natus excessit e vita.
1.
linguam, sermonem. 3. gravior flebat.
2. crept upon (Jiim\. 4. abrupta est.
5. longitudine temporis.
IV.
LUCIUS AEMILIUS PAULUS MACEDONICUS.

1 68 B.C.
Aemilius Paulus was one of the best specimens of the Roman nobility.
He would condescend tono mean action to win personal advantage. He was
a model soldier and an astute lawyer, and throughout his life won the admira-
tion of all classes by the purity and integrity of his character. He was born
about 230 B.C. died 160 B.C. His greatest achievement, which gave him his
;
cognomen, was his victory over Perseus, King of Macedonia, in his second
consulship (168 B.C.). His triumph was the most splendid that Rome had
yet seen.
101. Paulus consul, profectus in Macedonian!, online adduc-

tus est ut in hostem pergeret.
Aemilius Paulus eius qul ad Cannas cecidit, filius erat. 10
Consul factus Macedonian! provinciam sortitus est 1 in ,
qua Perseus, Philippl filius, paternl in Romanes odi
i . sorte obtinuit.
98 VIRI ROMAE.
heres 1 bellum renovaverat.

,
2
Qui cum ea ipsa die, qua
el ut bellum cum Perseo gereret obtigerat
3
,
domum 4ad
5
vesperum redlret, filiolam suam Tertiam, quae turn erat
admodum 6
parva, osculans 7 animadvertit trlsticulam
8
.
" " " "

5 Quid est," inquit, mea Tertia ?
quid trlstis es ? Mi
"
pater," inquit, Persa periit." (Erat autein mortuus
9 10
catellus eo nomine.) Turn ille artius puellam com-
" "
plexus, Accipio omen," inquit, mea filia." Ita ex
fortuito dicto quasi spem certam clarissiml triumphl
10 animo praesumpsit11 Ingressus deinde Macedoniam
.
12 13
recta ad hostem perrexit .
1. heir. 4. ad occdsum solis.
2. Or. Qut cum redlret domum 5.

Diminutive of filiam.
ad vesperum ed ipsd die qtid obti- 6. very.
gerat el ut bellum cum Perseo 7. kissing.
gereret) osculans siiam filiolam 8. Diminutive of trlstem.

Tertiam, quae turn admodum 9. puppy,
parva erat, animadvertit (earn) 10. strictius.
esse trlsticulam. n. praecepit.
3. evenerat, acciderat. 12. sc. via.
13. contendit.
102. Defectio 1 lunae a Sulpicio Gallo praedicta maximum

terrorem Macedonibus intulit.
Cum duae acies in conspectu essent, Sulpicius Gallus,

15 tribunus militum, Romanum exercitum magno metu libe-
ravit. Is enim, cum lunae defectionem nocte sequent!
futuram praesciret, ad contionem 2 vocatis mllitibus ne
"
quis id pro portento acciperet, dixit, Nocte proxima
luna ab hora secunda usque ad quartam horam defec-
i. eclipse. 2. conventum.
LUCIUS A EMILI US PAULUS MACEDONICUS. 99
tura est. Id, quia natural! ordine et statis temporibus fit,

*et scirl ante et praedicl potest. Itaque quern ad modum
nemo miratur lunam 2 nunc pleno orbe nunc senescentem 3
4 5 6
exiguo cornu fulgere ita ne obscurari quidem, quando 7
,
umbra terrae conditur, in prodigium debet train 8 ." Nocte 5

9
igitur edita hora luna cum defecisset, 10
R6manis mili-
tibus Galll sapientia probe divlna viderl ;
Macedones 11 ,
ut triste prodigium, occasum regnl perniciemque gentis

portendens, movit.
1. can both be known before- 8. interpretdrl.
hand and predicted. 9. appointed, agrees with
2. Subject of fulgere. herd.
3. decrescentem. 10. Or. Romdms militibus
4. parvo. sapientia Galll viderl probe

5. lucere. divlna. viderl is a historical
6. Or. ita in prodigium debet infinitive = videbdtur. probe =
trahl ne (lunam] obscurdrl qui- altogether.
dem quando conditur umbra ter- n. Object of movit, which has
rae. defectio lunae understood for its
7. cum, ubi. subject.
103. Post paucos dies Aemilius Paulus Ferseum vicit. 10

Post victoriam consul vehementer sollicitus erat de fflio
suo qui in castra ex proelio 11011 redierat, sed ille tardius
reversus patrem suum magna cura liberavit.
Faucis diebus post Aemilius Paulus cum Perseo acer-

rime dimicavit. Macedonum exercitus caesus fugatus- 15
que est
1
;
rex ipse cum paucis fugit. Fugientes persecu-
tus est Aemilius usque ad initium noctis, turn se in castra
victor recepit. Reversum 2 gravis cura angebat 3 , quo'd
1.
infugam datus est. 3. sollicitum reddebat.
2. Agrees with eum under-
stood, object of angebat.
100 VIRI ROMAE.
1
filium minorem in castris non invenisset. Publius Sci-
2
pio erat, Africanus et ipse postea deleta Carthagine
is
3
appellatus, qui, decimum septimum tune annum agens ,
dum acrius sequitur hostes, in partem aliam turba ablatus

4
5 erat. Serius cum redlsset, tune demum, recepto sospite
filio, vlctoriae tantae gaudium consul sensit.
1. sc. ndtu. name Aemilianus also, to mark

2. himself also afterwards him as the son of Aemilius Pau-
called Africanus for the destruc- lus.
tion of Carthage. He had the 3. See idioms.

4. salvo incolumi.
)
104. Perseus captus ad consulem perductus est, qui eum

maxima dementia recepit.
1
Victus Perseus in templum Samothracen confugerat
2
10 ibique in angulo obscuro delitiscens deprehensus et cum
filio natu maximo ad consulem perductus est. Non
3
alias ad ullum spectaculum tanta multitudo occurrit.
Pulla4 veste amictus 5 Perseus ingressus est castra, nullo
suorum alio comite qui socius calamitatis miserabiliorem
6
15 eum faceret. Progredi prae turba occurrentium ad spec-
taculum non poterat, donee consul lictores misisset qui
submovendo circumfusos 7 iter ad praetorium 8 facerent.
Consurrexit consul progressusque paulum introeunti regi
dextram porrexit 9 10 submittentemque se ad pedes sustu-
,
11
20 lit introductum in tabernaculum suo later! adsidere
;
1. An island in the Aegean 6. ob,propter^ with ace.

Sea. 7. Par. eos qui convenerant.
2. latens. 8. the generaVs tent.
3. alio temp ore. 9. extendit.
4. dtrd, nigrd. 10. and sinking down.

5. indutus, circumdatus. n. elevdvit, sc. eum.
LUCIUS AEMILIUStP^VLVS MACE0ONICUS. 101
XiÛFORN^^
iussit
1
. Deinde eum interrogavit qua inductus iniuria
bellum contra populum Romanum tarn Infesto
2
animo
suscepisset ? Cum rex interrogatus, terrain intuens, diu
3 " "
tacitus fleret Bonum," inquit, animum habe
, consul, ;
popull RomanI dementia non modo spem tibi, sed prope 5
certam flduciam 4 salutis praebet5 ."

1. sc. eum. 3. Par. lacrimds effunderet.
2. inimico. 4. confidentiam.
5. dat.
105. Fauhis circumstantibus Romanis de mutatione rerum

humanarum dicit et monet ne quis praesenti fortunae
credat
Ita postquam Perseum consolatus est Aemilius Paulus, 10
"
ad circumstantes Romanos conversus, Exemplum m-
1 "
signe cernitis," inquit, mutationis rerum humanarum.
2 3
Vobls hoc praecipue dlco, iuvenes. Ideo in secundis
rebus 4 nihil in
quemquam superbe ac violenter consulere
decet nee praesenti credere fortunae, cum, quid vesper 15
ferat, incertum sit. Is demum5 vir erit cuius animum

6 7
neque prospera fortuna nimis efferet neque adversa
,
8
Infringet ." Eo die et invitatus 9 ad consulem Perseus et
10
alius omnis el honor habitus est qui haberi in tali for-
tuna poterat. 20
1. conspicuum. 6. ultra modum, ant. parum.

2. mdxime. 7. The perf. part, eldtus sug-
3. prosperis. gests what derivative ?
4. it is becoming to resolve up- 8. valde franget, minuet, debi-
on arrogant and violent measures litdbit.
against no one ; lit. it is becoming 9. sc. est.

to resolve upon nothing against 10. every other honor was
any one proudly and violently. shown him.
5. quidem, profecto.
102 VIRI ROMAE.
106. Celebrat victoriam Paulus magnis 1

ludis et epulis.
Post victoriam cum ad consulem multarum gentium

legati gratulandi causa venissent, Aemilius Paulus ludos
2
magno apparatu fecit et epulas quoque legatls magna
5 opulentia et cura paravit. Dicere solebat et 3convivium
instruere et ludos parare virl 4 eiusdem esse qul vincere
5
bello sclret .
1. with games and banquets. 4. Predicate gen. of posses-

2. mdgnificentid. sion after esse.
3. Par. epulas parare. 5. knows how.
107. Magnificentissimus triumphus Pauli.
Confecto bello Aemilius Paulus regia nave ingentis

magnitudinis (nam sedecim ordines remorum habuisse
1
10
dicitur) ad urbem est subvectus. Fuit eius triumphus

2
omnium longe magnificentissimus. Populus exstructls
per Forum tabulatis in modum theatrorum spectavit in
3 4
candidis 5 togis.
6 7
Aperta templa omnia et sertis coronata
8 9
15 ture fumabant. In tres dies distributa est pompa spec-
10
taculi. Primus dies vix suffecit transvehendis signls
tabulisque ;
sunt arma, galeae,
sequent! die translata
scuta, pharetrae, argentum aurumque.

loricae, Tertio
die prima statim luce ducere agmen coepere 11 tibicines 12 ,
20 non festos sollemnium pomparum modos sed bellicum
1. oars. 7. cordms flomm.

2. eductis^factls. 8. incense.
3. reviewing-stands. 9. parade.
4. sc. spectdculum. 10. statues and pictures.
5. Ant. nigris. II. inceperunt.
6. Ant. clausa. 12. pipers.

L UCIUS AEMILIUS PA UL US MA CEDONICUS. 103
1 2
sonantes, quasi in aciem procedendum esset Deinde .
3 4 5
agebantur pingues cornibus auratis et vittis redimltl
boves centum viginti. Sequeb^ntur Persel liberl, comi-
6
tante educatorum et magistrorum turba qui manus ad
7
spectatores cum lacrimls miserabiliter tendebant et pue- 5
ros docebant
implorandam suppliciter victoris popull
misericordiam esse. Pone 8 fllios incedebat cum uxore
9
Perseus, attonitus malo stupens. Inde qua-
et subito
dringentae coronae aureae portabantur, ab omnibus fere

Graeciae clvitatibus dono 10 missae. Postremo ipse in 10
curru Paulus auro purpuraque fulgens eminebat11 ma- ,
12
gnam cum 13 dignitate alia corporis turn senecta ipsa ma-
14
iestatem prae se ferens. Post currum inter alios inlu-
stres viros duo Aemill, deinde equites turmatim 15 et
fllii
cohortes peditum, suls quaeque ordinibus. Paulo a 15

senatu et populo Romano concessum est ut 16 ludis circen-
sibus veste triumphal! uteretur, eique cognomen Macedo-
nici inditum 17 .
i. Impersonal. 9. stunned.
2..Or. Deinde centum vigintt 10. dat. for which.
pingues boves agebantur cornibus 1 1 .
appdrebdt, exstdbat, conspi-
aurdtis et vittis redimifi. .
cuus erat.
3. sleek. 12. With mdiestdtem, which

4. fillets. is the object of ferens.
5. corondfi. 13. cum . . . tum = non solum

6. Object of tendebant. . . . sed etiam.
7. Or. docebant pueros mise- 14. showing. See idioms.
ricordiam victoris popull suppli- 15. by squadrons.
citer implorandam esse. 16. at the contests in the Cir-
8. post. cus Maximus.

17. datum est.
104 VIRI ROMAE.
108. Gravi dolore Paulus adfectus propter mortem duorum

filiorum calamitatem summo aiiimi robore sustiiiuit et
dixit se laetari quod hie privatus 11011 publicus casus
esset.
5
Tantae huic laetitiae gravis dolor admixtus est. Nam
Aemilius Paulus, duobus filiis in adoptionem datis, duos
tantum 1 nominis heredes dorm retinuerat. Ex his minor,
ferme duodecim annos natus, quinque diebus ante tri-
umphum patris,maior autem trlduo post triumphum
2
10 decessit. Itaque qui ad donandos usque liberos abun-
3
daverat, in orbitate subito destitutus est. Eum tamen
casum summo animl robore sustinuit, nee contigit4 Perseo
ut tristem Paulum videret. Nam cum more maiorum
orationem de rebus suis gestls apud populum haberet,
15 "Cum in summa felicitate nostra," inquit, "timerem ne
5
quid mall fortuna moliretur ,
deos immortales precatus
sum 6 ut, si adversl 7 quid populo Romano immineret8 ad
expiandam nimiam f elicitatem, id in meam potius domum
9
10 11 12
quam in rem publicam recideret Quapropter bene
.
13
20 habet. Adnuendo enim votis nostrls effecerunt ut vos
potius meum casum doleretis quam ego vestro ingemisce-
14
rem 15
Nemo iam ex tot liberis superest qui Aemili Paull
.
1. solum. 8. itnpenderet, instdret, ap-

2. Join with ad above, usque propinqudret.
ad = even to. 9. excessive.
3. prtvdtione. 10. caderet.
4. evenit. II. Quam ob rem bene est.
5. pardret, cogitdret. 12. See idioms.

6. implordvt. 13. adsentiendo.
7. Partitive gen. after quid. 14. sc. cdsu abl. of cause.
y
15. deplordrem, Idmentdrer.

LUCIUS AEMILIUS PAULUS MACEDONICUS. 105
nomen ferat. Duos enim in adoptionem datos Cornelia

et Fabia gens habent ;
senem
Paul! in domo praeter
1
nemo superest. Sed hanc privatam calamitatem vestra

fellcitas et secunda 2 fortuna publica consolatur."
i. except. 2. prospera.
109. Paulus omiies Macedonum divitias in aerarium populi 5

Roman! intulit et pauper decessit. Funus eius omnium
benevolentia Insigiie fuit.
Aemilius Paulus omni Macedonum gaza quae fuit ma-

1
xima, potitus tantam ,
in aerarium populiRoman! pecuniam
invexit ut unms 2
imperatoris praeda finem adferret tribu- 10
torum. At hie nihil domum suam praeter sempiternam

3
nominis memoriam detulit. Mortuus est adeo pauper 4 ut

5
dos eius uxori, nisi vendito, quern unum rellquerat, fundo,
non posset exsolvl 6 .
7
Exsequiae eius non tarn auro et
ebore ceteroque apparatu, quam omnium benevolentia et 15
studio 8 fuerunt insignes. Macedoniae prmcipes, qui tune
Romae erant legatl, 9 umeros suos funebri lecto sponte
sua subiecerunt. Quern enim in bello ob virtutem timu-
10
erant, eundem in pace ob iustitiam dlligebant .
1. This verb equals in posses- 6. be paid.

sione habere, and is followed by 7. pompa funeris, join exse-
the abl. quiae with fuerunt msignes.
2. faceret. 8. amore, favore.
3. aeternam. 9. bore the funeral bier on
4. Or. ut dos eius uxori non their shoulders at their own re-
posset exsolvi nisi vendito fundo quest.

qtiem unum rellquerat. 10. amdbant.
5. vendito fundo = by selling
the farm.
SELECTIONS FROM AULUS GELLIUS.
I. LIFE OF AULUS GELLIUS.
All the information that we have about Gellius is contained in

his well-known work, Nodes Atticae. In this he now and then
makes incidental reference to himself and his activities, but nowhere
gives any express or detailed account of his life. The date of his
birth and of his death are equally uncertain, but we know from his
references to his contemporaries that he must have lived from about
1 20 to 1 80 A.D. He was Roman and of good family, and
probably a
his education in and philosophy was of the very
grammar, rhetoric,
best. Among his teachers may be mentioned Sulpicius Apollinaris,
the grammarian, a famous Carthaginian, who inspired him with a
lasting interest in his art ;

Titus Castricius, the foremost rhetorician
of his time and Favorinus, the philosopher, once the favorite of
;
the Emperor Hadrian, and distinguished for his learning and elo-
quence. Gellius was a lawyer by profession, but found time for

much reading and study. Probably at the suggestion of Favorinus,
he made a journey to Greece and traveled extensively in that coun-
try, remaining for a considerable time at Athens.
It was there, in
a country house near the city, during the long nights of winter,
that he prepared his book. This suggested its title Noctes Atticae.
No subsequent events of his life are known to us.
II. NOCTES ATTICAE.

Gellius tells us in his preface that itwas his habit when reading
to make notes and extracts from the volume before him, and that
these make up his book. It ig, therefore, a note-book, containing
the concentrated results of years of study. Of the twenty books of
his work, all have come down to us excepting the eighth. There is
no attempt made to classify the contents, but it is a miscellaneous
UJ
I
H-
NOCTES ATTICAE. 107
collection of quotations, discussions, and dissertations on a great
variety of subjects, mainly grammar, philosophy, history, and biog-

raphy.
Nodes Atticae has a fourfold value :
a. As a story book.Gellius says that one object of his book was

to entertain his children. It is therefore written in a popular vein,
and contains but little that is abstruse or technical.

b. As a source of information. Gellius gives much interesting
information on a great variety of subjects which, but for him, would
never have been so clearly understood.
c. As giving quotations from authors no longer extant. It is in
this respect that Noctes Atticae is peculiarly valuable.

d. As a biographer of prominent writers. In this field Gellius
has done much, e.g., nearly all we know about Plautus is from this
source.
The style of Noctes Atticae is good in general, but it is marred by
an affectation towards out-of-the-way and obsolete words and phrases.
Gellius here is simply following the literary fashion of his day. It
is this same love of the archaic that causes him to ignore the Roman
writers that lived nearest to his own time. He scarcely mentions
the writers of the Augustan age, but speaks in the highest terms of
Plautus, Ennius, Cato, and other early writers, and quotes from
them constantly.
108 AULUS GELLIUS.
I, 14.
110. Quid dixerit feceritque C. Fabricius 1 , magna vir gloria

2
magirisque rebus gestis, sed familiae pecuniaeque inops,
cum el Sarnnites 3 tamquam 4 indigent! 5 grave aurum do-
narent.
6
5
lulius Hyginus De Vita Rebusque Inlustrium
in libro
Virorum sexto legates dicit a Samnltibus ad C. Fabricium,

7
imperatorem popull Roman!, venisse et memoratis multls
magmsque rebus, quae bene ac benevole, post redditam
pacem Samnltibus, fecisset, obtulisse dono grandem pe-
10 cuniam orasseque uti acciperet utereturque, atque id
facere Samnites dlxisse, quod viderent multa ad splendo-
8 9 10
rem domus atque victus
neque pro amplitudine defieri
11 12
dignitateque lautum paratum esse. Turn Fabricium
13 14
planas manus ab auribus ad oculos et infra deinceps
15 ad nares et ad 6s et ad gulam atque inde porro ad ven-
trem imum deduxisse et legatis ita respondisse: dum illls
N.B. The notes on these selections contain occasional questions on word-

formation. It istaken for granted that students have followed the suggestion made
in the Introduction (III, A, b) before reaching this point.
1. A typical Roman of the old 7. ndrratis.
style, famous for his integrity. 8. vlcttis includes all that has
He was three times consul. to do with the manner of living.
2. rei familidris, property. 9. defici, deesse.
3. The people of Samnium. 10. in proportion to.
4. velutt, stcut, quasi. n. elegantem, sumptuosum.

5. Par. magnum auri pondus. 12. appardtum = furnishing,
6. A
freedman of Augustus outfit.
by whom he was placed in charge 13. palms.

of the Palatine library. He wrote 14. Ant. supra.
many books, all of which are lost.

NOCTES ATTICAE. 109
omnibus membrls, quae attigisset, obsistere atque impe-

1
rare posset, numquam quicquam defuturum propterea ;
se pecuniam, 2qua nihil 3 sibi esset usus, ab his quibus

earn sciret usui esse, non accipere.
1. quam ob rem. which takes the ablative ;

A. &
2. With usus, signifying need, G. 243, e ;
H. 414, IV.
3. ace. of spec.
1,17-
111. Quanta cum animi aequitate toleraverit Socrates 5

uxoris ingenium intractabile J atque inibi, quid M. Varro 2
;
in quadam satura de officio maritl 3 scripserit.
4
Xanthippe, Socratis philosophi uxor, morosa admodum
5
fuisse fertur et iurgiosa Irarumque et molestiarum mulie-
,
brium per diem perque noctem scatebat6 7

Has eius . 10
intemperies in marltum Alcibiades demlratus, interrogavit

Socraten quaenam ratio esset cur mulierem tarn acerbam
8 " "
domo non exigeret .
Quoniam," inquit Socrates, cum
9
illam domi talem perpetior Insuesco et exerceor 10 ut
,
ceterorum quoque forls 11 petulantiam et iniuriam facilius 15

feram."
1. and in this connection. 3. coniugis,mri.
2. M. Terentius Varro, the 4. valde, vehementer.
famous Roman antiquarian, born 5. cf. ifirgium =
a quarrel.
116 B.C., whose profound and 6. overflowed with, was full of.
varied learning earned for him 7. Alcibiades, wondering at
"
the title of the most learned of these outbreaks of hers against
the Romans." He wrote four her husband.
hundred and ninety books, but 8. expelleret, eiceret.
of these only two works have 9. perfero, tolero.

come down to us, one in a muti- 10. exerceor exerceo me.
lated form. 1 1.
forts, adv.
= out of doors.
110 AULUS GELLIUS.
1
Secundum hanc sententiam quoque Varro in satura
"
Menippea, quam de officio marltl scripsit Vitium," :
" 2
inquit, uxoris aut tollendum aut ferendum est. Qui
tollit vitium 3 uxorem
,
commodiorem 4 praestat5 ; qui fert,
*
5 sese meliorem facit." Haec verba Varronis tollere

'
et
' ' 6 ' '
ferre lepide quidem composita sunt, sed tollere ap-
*
paret dictum pro corrigere.' Id etiam apparet, eiusmodi

vitium uxoris, si corrigi non possit, ferendum esse Var-
ronem censuisse 7 quod ferri scilicet a viro honeste potest
, ;
8
10 vitia enim flagitils leviora sunt.
1. Par. ex hdc sententid. 6. eleganter, apte.
2. cured or enditred. 7. putdvisse.
3. culpam. 8. for defects are easier to
4. faciliorem, moderdtiorem. endure (leviora) than shameful

5. facit. disgraces (fldgitns).
I, 19.
112. Historia libris 1 ac de Tarquinio

super Sibyllinis
Superbo rege.
In antlquis annalibus 2 memoria super libris Sibyllinis

haec prodita3 estAnus 4 hospita atque incognita ad Tar-
:
15 quinium Superbum regem adiit, novem libros ferens,

5
quos esse dlcebat dlvina oracula eos se velle venum ;
i. These
were prophecies ingolden chests in the temple of
probably derived from Cumae, a Apollo on the Palatine.
Greek city of Campania. They 2. The oldest historical rec-
were written in Greek verse and ords among the Romans were
kept in a stone chest in the temple called anndles libri=year books ;
of Jupiter Capitolinus. In 82 B.C. they were written on whitened
they were destroyed by fire, but boards,
again restored. Finally they were 3. ndrrdta, scripta.
removed by Augustus, and placed 4. an old woman.
5.
to sell.
NOCTES ATTICAE. Ill
1
dare. Tarquinius pretium percontatus est . Mulier
2 3
nimium atque immensum poposcit :
rex, quasi anus
aetate desiperet, derisit. Turn ilia foculum 4 coram cum
ignl apponit, tres libros ex novem deurit 5 et, ecquid
6
eodem pretio emere vellet, regem interroga-

reliquos sex 5
vit.Sed enim 7 Tarquinius id multo risit magis dixitque

anum iam procul 8 dubio delirare9 Mulier ibidem statim .
10 11
tres alios libros exussit atque id ipsum denuo placide
rogat, ut tres reliquos eodem illo pretio emat. Tarquinius
ore iam serio atque attentiore animo fit, earn constantiam 10
12
confidentiamque non Insuper habendam intellegit libros ;
tres reliquosmercatur nihilo minore pretio quam quod

13
erat petitum pro omnibus. Sed earn mulierem tune a
14
Tarquinio digressam postea nusquam loci vlsam constitit.
Libri tres, in sacrarium conditl, ^Sibyllini' appellati. Ad J
5
eos, quasi ad oraculum, Quindecim viri adeunt, cum di

immortales publice consulendi sunt.
1. diligenter quaesivit. 10. cf. deurit above.
2. sc. pretiztm, tr. the woman n.de novo.
asked an excessive and in fact 12. non neglegendam, non de-
(atque) enormous price. spiciendam.

3. tamquam, cf. p. 108, 1.
3. 13. Sed earn mulierem . . . con-
4. brazier. stitit. Note the emphatic order.
5. cremat, incendit. Tr. But as for that woman it is
6. num. agreed, etc.

7. profecto, quidem. 14. Par. nullo loco. loci is
8. sine.
partitive genitive with nusquam.
9. insdnlre.
112 AULUS GELLIUS.
1,23-
113. Quis fuerit Papirius Praetextatus ;quae istius causa

cognomenti historiaque
sit; ista omnis super eodem
1
Papirio cognitu iucunda.
Historia de Papirio Praetextato dicta scriptaque est

2
5 a M. Catone in oratione qua usus est ad milites contra
Galbam 3 cum multa quidem venustate atque luce atque
,
munditia4 verborum. 5 Ea Catonis verba huic prorsus

commentario indidissem, si libri copia fuisset id temporis
cum haec dictavl. Quod si non virtutes dlgnitatesque
10 verborum, sed rem ipsam scire quaeris, res ferme ad
hunc modum est Mos antea senatoribus Romae fuit
:
Turn, cum in
6
in curiam cum filiis introire.
praetextatis
7
senatu res maior quaepiam consultata eaque in diem po-
sterum prolata 8 est, 9 placuitque ut earn rem, super qua
15 tractavissent, ne quis enuntiaret priusquam decreta esset,
mater Paplrl puerl, qul cum parente suo in curia fuerat,
10
percontata est filium quidnam in senatu patres egissent.
1. Supine depending on iu- 5. These words of Cato I

cunda, should have inserted right in
2. See introduction to selec- this note-book, if I had had access
tions 88-100. to the book at just the time when
3. Servius Sulpicius Galba I dictated them.
was praetor 151 B.C., and re- 6. wearing the praetexta, i.e.
ceived Spain as his province. the toga with a purple border

He was tried for cruelty to the worn by children.
Lusitanians, and was denounced 7. aliqua.
in the strongest terms by Cato, 8.
prorogdta.
who was then eighty-five years 9.Or. placuitque (ut} ne quis
old. enuntiaret earn rem super (= de)
4. elegantid. qua tractavissent.
10. cf. p. in, 1. i.
NOCTES ATTICAE. 113
Puer respondit tacendum esse neque id did licere. Mu-

1
lierfit audiendi cupidior secretum rei ; et silentium
pueri animum eius ad inquirendum everberat 2 :

quaerit
3
igitur compressius violentiusque. Turn puer matre
4
urgente lepidl atque festlvl mendaci consilium capit. 5
Actum 5 in senatu dixit utrum 6 videretur

exque utilius
7
8
re publica esse, unusne ut duas uxores haberet, an ut
una apud duos nupta esset. Hoc ilia ubi audivit, ani-
mus compavescit 9 domo , trepidans egreditur, ad ceteras
10
matronas [adfert ]. Pervenit ad senatum postrldie >o
11
matrum familias caterva Lacrimantes atque obse-
.
crantes orant
12
Qna potius ut duobus 13 nupta fieret quam
13
ut unl duae. Senatores ingredientes in curiam, quae
ilia mulierum intemperies et quid I4 sibi postulatio istaec
vellet, mlrabantur. Puer Papirius in medium curiae pro- T
5
15 16
gressus, quid mater audire institisset quid ipse matrl ,
dixisset, rem, sicut fuerat, denarrat. Senatus fidem atque

17
ingenium pueri exosculatur consultum facit 18 utl post- ,
hac pueri cum patribus in curiam ne introeant, praeter 19

1.
mystery. 13. The verb nitbere. to marry,
2. stimulat, urgef. regularly governs the dative.
3. vehementius. 14. sibi . . .
vellet, lit. wished
4. neat and humorous. for itself
= meant.
5. sc. esse. 1
5.
The quid clauses are in
6. which (of two). apposition with rem, the object
7. See idioms. of denarrat.
8. whether that one should 16. From msisto, cf. Eng. in-
have . . . sist.
9. timet, metidt. 17. valde laudat.

10. carries the news. 1 8. utt . . . ne = ne, cf p. . 1 1 2,
n. multitude. n. 9, above.
12. Or. ut una potius duobus, 19. Adv. except.
etc.
114 AULUS GELLIUS.
ille unus Papirius, atque puero postea cognomentum

'
honoris gratia inditum 1 Praetextatus ob tacendi loquen-
'
dique in aetate praetextae prudentiam.

I. impositum.
I, 24.
114. Tria epigrammata trium veterum poetarum, Naevi 1 ,
Plauti 2 Pacuvl 3 quae facta ab ipsis sepulcris4 eorum

, ,
5
incisa sunt.
Trium poetarum inlustrium epigrammata, Cn. Naevi,

Plauti, M. Pacuvi, quae ipsi fecerunt et incidenda sepul-
5
cro suo reliquerunt, nobilitatis eorum gratia et venustatis
10 scrlbenda in his commentariis esse duxl.
6
Epigramma Naevi plenum superbiae Campanae quod ,
testimonium esse iustum potuisset, nisi ab ipso dictum

esset :
Immortales mortales si foret fas flere,
15 Flerent divae Camenae 7 Naevium poetam.
1. Cn. Naevius, 270-204 B.C., 3. M. Pacuvius, one of the

a famous epic and dramatic poet. early Roman tragedians, was
Of his epic poem on the First born about 220 B.C. He was
Punic War a few fragments still equally famous as a painter and
remain. It was extensively copied as a writer. A few fragments of
by later writers, especially by Ver- his plays are extant.
gil. His plays were very popu- 4. dat. after inctsa.

lar even in the Augustan age. 5.
Or. duxl (=habm) scrt-
2. T. Maccius Plautus, born benda esse in his commentaries

about 254 B.C., was the most nobilitatis eorum gratia (=on
celebrated comic poet of Rome. account of) et venustatis.
We still possess twenty of his 6. Campanian. Naevius was
plays. born there.
7. Musae.
NOCTES ATTICA E. 115
Itaque postquam est Orchi traditus thesauro,

Obliti sunt Romae loquier
2
lingua Latina.
3
4
Epigramma PlautI, quod dubitassemus an Plauti foret,
positum esset in libro De Poetis
5
nisi a M. Varrone
primo :
5
6 Comoedia luget7
Postquam est mortem aptus Plautus, ,
Scaena est deserta, dein Risus, Ludus locusque,

Et 8 Numeri innumeri simul omnes conlacrimarunt.
9
Epigramma Pacuvi verecundissimum et purissimum
dignumque eius elegantissima gravitate : 10
Adulescens, tametsi properas, 'te hoc saxum rogat

Vt sese aspicias, deinde quod scriptum est legas.
Hie sunt poetae Pacuvi Marci sita
Ossa. Hoc 10 volebam nescius ne esses. Vale.
1. Par. postquam Plutonis do- 5.

See 111, n. 2.
mum abiit. 6. Par. Postquam Plautus

2. Old form for loquihow mortuus est.
to speak. 7. Ant. gaudet.

3. Note the meter of this 8. Measures without number.
epigram, as also of the third. It 9. modestissimum ; ant. im-
is known as the saturnian, a pudentissimum.
native Italian meter antedating 10. The object of nescius esses,
the hexameter. which equals nesclres.
4. num, st.
II, I.
115. Quo genere solitus sit philosophus Socrates exercere 1

5
1
patientiam corporis ; deque eiusdem viri temperantia.
Inter labores voluntaries et exercitia 2 corporis 3 ad for-

tuitas patientiae vices firmandl, id quoque accepimus
1.
physical endurance. 3. for unexpected duties re-
2. corporisfirmandi, objective quiring endurance.

genitive.
116 AULUS GELLIUS.
Socraten facere Insuevisse 1 : stare solitus Socrates dicitur

2 3
pertinaci statu, perdius atque pernox, a summo lucis
ortu ad solem alterum orientem, inconlvens 4 immobilis, ,
elsdem in vestigiis, et ore atque oculis eundem in locum

5 6
5 directis,cogitabundus , tamquam quodam secessu men-
tis atque animi facto a corpore. Quam rem cum Favo-
8
rinus 7 de fortitudine eius viri
,
ut pleraque disserens,
9 10
attigisset , VoAAa/as' inquit 'ef yXiov eis lyXtoi/ eto-Têt
d(TT/3a/3O'T/3OS TO>V 7T/3 /X

VO) V* .
10
Temperantia quoque fuisse eum tanta traditum est ut
omnia fere vitae suae tempora n valetudine inoffensa vlxe-
rit. In illius etiam pestilentiae vastitate quae in belli
Peloponnensiaci principio Atheniensium clvitatem inter-

neclvo 12 genere morbi depopulata est, is 13 parcendl mode-
14
15 randique rationibus dicitur et a voluptatum labe cavisse
15 16
et salubritates corporis retinuisse, ut nequaquam fuerit
communi omnium cladi obnoxius
17
.
1. solitum esse. 10. often he stood, stiffer than
2. Par. per diem atque per the trees, from sun to sun.
noctem. 11. sine morbo, sdnus.
3. Par. d prim a luce, summo 12. gram, funesto.
13. by means of care and self-
4. sine somno, vigil. restraint.
5. cogitdns, deliberdbundus. 14. both to have secured him-

6. discessu. self against the ruinous effect of
7. A famous philosopher and sensual pleasures.
sophist of the reign of Hadrian. 15. sdnitdtem, bonam valetu-
8. discussing in his usual dinem.
vein. 1 6. minim e.
9. commemordsset, tractdsset. 17. expositus, subiectus.
NOCTES ATTICAE. 117
II, 28.
116. Non esse compertum1 cui deo êm divinam fieri
oporteat, cum terra movet.
Quaenam esse causa videatur quam ob rem terrae tre-

mores flant, 3 non modo his communibus hominum sensi-
bus opinionibusque compertum 4 sed ne inter physicas ,
5
5
quidem philosophies ventorumne vl acci-
satis constitit
dant specus 6 hiatusque 7 terrae subeuntium an aquarum

subter in terrarum cavis undantium pulsibus fluctibusque,
videntur existimasse antiquissimi Graecorum, qui
ita uti
8 * '9 10 I0
Neptunum o-eto-tôi/a appellaverunt, an cuius aliae rei
causa alteriusve 11
del vl ac numine, nondum etiam, slcuti
diximus, pro certo creditum. Propterea veteres RomanI,
cum 12 in omnibus aliis vitae officiis, turn in constituendis
religionibus atque in dis immortalibus animadvertendis

13
cautissimique, ubi terram movisse senserant
I
castissimi S
14 15
nuntiatumve erat, ferias eius rei causa edicto impera-
bant, sed del nomen, ita uti solet, cui servarl ferias opor-
16
teret, statuere et edicere quiescebant , ne, alium pro alio
17
nominando, falsa religione populum adligarent . Eas
1.
cognitum, intellectum. 8. earth-shaker.
2. sacrum, sacrificium. 9. The indefinite = some.
3. Remember that when non 10. alms,
modo is followed by sed ne . . . IT. alms.
quidem, the English idiom re- 12. cum . . . turn = not only
quires a second negative in the . . . but especially.
first clause. 13. piissiml.
4. sc. est. 14. holidays.
5. See idioms. 1
5.
abl. of means.
6. caver nds, antra. 16. they refrained from.
7. clefts, chasms. 17. Ant. solverent.
118 AULUS GELLIUS.
1 2
ferias si quis polluisset piaculoque ob hanc rem opus
3 ' '
esset, hostiam si deo, si deae immolabant, idque ita ex

decreto pontificum observatum esse M. Varro 4 dicit, quo
niam et qua vl et per quern deorum dearumve terra tre-
5 meret incertum esset.

Sed de lunae solisque defectionibus 5 non minus in ,
6
eius rel causa reperienda sese exercuerunt. Quippe
7 8
M. Cato vir in
, cognoscendis rebus multl studl incerte ,
tamen et incuriose 9 super ea re oplnatus est. Verba Cato-

"n
10 10
nis ex Orlginum quarto haec sunt N6n libet scrlbere :
quod in tabula apud pontificem maximum est, quotiens

12
annona 13 cara fuerit, quotiens lunae aut solis lumini call-

14
go aut quid obstiterit." Usque adeo parvl fecit rationes
veras solis et lunae deficientium vel scire vel dlcere.
1. contaminasset. 9. indifferently.
2. abl. after opus = need, cf. 10. sc. libra.
usus, p. 109, 1.
3. II. I am not disposed.
3. victimam. 12. This refers to the record

4. See 111, n. 2. of events kept at the house of
5. eclipses. the high priest.

6. nam. 13. provisions.
7. See pp. 88-97. 14. mist.
8. Descriptive genitive with
vir.
NOCTES ATTICAE. 119
III, 4.
117. 1
Quod P. Africano et aliis tune viris nobilibus ante
2
aetatem senectam barbam et genas 3 radere mos patrius
fuit.
In librls quos de
vita P. Scipionis Africanl composites
4
legimus, scriptum esse animadvertimus, P. Scipiom Paull 5
filio,postquam de Poenls triumphaverat censorque fuerat,

5
diem dictum esse ad 6 populum a Claudio Asello, tribuno
plebis, cui
7
equum in censura ademerat, eumque, cum
esset reus
8
,
desisse 9 radi neque non Can-
neque barbam
dida veste uti neque fuisse cultu 10 solito reorum. Sed 10
cum in eo tempore Scipionem minorem quadraginta
annorum fuisse constaret, quod de barba rasa ita scriptum
esset mirabamur. Comperimus autem ceteros quoque in
eisdem temporibus nobiles viros barbam uin eiusmodi

12
aetate rasitavisse , idcircoque plerasque imagines vete-
1
S
rum, non admodum senum, sed in medio aetatis, ita
factas videmus.
1. The Romans in early times 5. See idioms,

wore the beard long. Barbers 6. apud.
were introduced 300 B.C., and 7. See Introduction IV, 16,
Pliny says that Scipio Africanus 3, c.
Major was the first Roman who 8. a defendant, under arrest.

was shaved every day. The 9. From desino, cf. cessdre,
custom soon became general. fmem facere.
In times of mourning or trouble 10. cultus vestitus et ornd-
the beard was allowed to grow. mentum corporis.
2. aetdtem senectam senec- = \\.at this age, i.e. at about
tutem. forty.
3. cheeks. 12. Frequentative of rddo,
4. Indirect object of dictum post- Augustan and very rare.
120 AULUS GELLIUS.
Ill, 8.
118. Litterae eximiae consulum C. Fabric! 2 et Q. Aemili

1
ad regem Pyrrhum 3 a Q. Claudio 4 scriptore historiarum

in memoriam datae.
Cum Pyrrhus rex in terra Italia esset et 5

unam atque
6
5 alteram pugnas prospere pugnasset satisque agerent
7
RomanI et 8
pleraque Italia ad regem descivisset turn ,
Ambraciensis quispiam Timochares, regis Pyrrhi amicus,

ad C. Fabricium consulem furtim venit ac praemium peti-
de praemio conveniret 10 promisit regem venenls
vit et, si ,
I0 necare, idque facile esse factu dixit, quoniam filius suus

pocula in convlvio regl ministraret. Earn rem Fabricius
ad senatum scrlpsit. Senatus ad regem legates misit
11
mandavitque ut de Timochare nihil proderent, sed
monerent uti rex circumspectius ageret atque a proxi-
12
15 morum Insidiis salutem tutaretur. Hoc ita, uti diximus,
13
in Valeri Antiatis historia scrlptum est. Quadrigarius
autem in libro tertio non Timocharem, sed Niciam adisse
1. egregiae. ? maxima pars Italiae.
2. See selection 110, n. i. 8. dejecisset, cf. Eng. defec-

This consulship was in 278 B.C. tion.
3. The brave
and noble king 9. Ambracia is a town in Epi-
of Epirus who crossed into Italy rus. What does the ending -en-
and fought against the Romans, sis denote?

280-274 B.C. 10. if an agreement ivere
Q. Claudius Quadrigarius,
4.
made.
100-78 B.C., wrote a history of u. imperdvit.
Rome. seems to have
Gellius 12. defenderet.
thought more of him as a histo- 13. Q. Valerius Antias flour-
rian than other writers. ished about 80 B.C. Livy calls

5. See idioms. him the most mendacious of all
6. had all they could do. the annalists.
NOCTES ATTICAE. 121
1
ad consulem scripsit, neque legates a senatu missos sed
a consulibus, et Pyrrhum populo Romano laudes atque
gratias scripsisse captivosque omnes quos turn habuit,
vestlvisse et reddidisse.
Consules turn fuerunt C. Fabricius et Q. Aemilius. 5
Litteras quas ad regem Pyrrhum super ea causa mise-

runt, Claudius Quadrigarius scripsit fuisse hoc exemplo 2 :
" 3
Consules RomanIsalutem dicunt Pyrrho regi. Nos
4
pro tuis iniuriis continuis animo tenus commoti inimi-
5
citer tecum bellare studemus. Sed communis exempli 10
6 7 8
et ergo vlsum ut te salvum vellmus, ut esset
fidel
quern armis vincere possemus. Ad nos venit Nicias,

familiaris tuus, qui sibi praemium a nobis peteret, si te
clam interfecisset9 . Id nos negavimus velle, neve 10 ob
11
earn rem quicquam commodi exspectaret, et simul vlsum 1
S
12 13
est ut te certiorem faceremus, ne quid eiusmodl, si
accidisset, nostro consilio civitates putarent factum, et
quod nobis non placet pretio aut praemio aut dolls pu-
14
gnare. Tu, nisi caves, iacebis /'
1. Or. et legdtos missos (esse) 9. What tense in direct dis-

non d sendtil sed d consulibus. course ?
2. sententid. 10. neve = et ne. . ne . . . ex-
3. See idioms. spectdretnoli exspectdre of di-
4. moved to the heart, tenus rect discourse,
always follows its case. n. eodem tempore.

5. Par. bellum gerere. 12. See idioms.
6. causa. 13. Subject of. factum
(esse).
7. sc. est, it has seemed right. 14. Par. mortuus eris.
8. that there might be one.
122 AULUS GELLIUS.
Ill, 15.
119. iExstaie in perque hominum memoriae tradi-

litteris
tum 2 quod repente multis mortem attulit gaudium 3 in-

gens insperatum, interclusa aiiima et vim magni novique
4
motus 11011 sustinente.
5
5 Cognito repente Insperato gaudio exsplrasse animam
6
refert Aristoteles philosophus Polycritam, nobilem femi-
8
nam 7 Naxo Philippides quoque, comoediarum
Insula.
9
poeta haud Ignobilis, aetate iam edita, cum in certamine
poetarum praeter spem vicisset et laetissime gauderet,
10 inter illud gaudium repente mortuus est. De Rhodio
etiam Diagora celebrata historia est. Is Diagoras tres
filios adulescentes habuit, unum pugilem
10
alterum pan- ,
cratiasten
11
tertium luctatorem 12
,
Eos omnls vidit vincere
.
coronanque Olympiae
13
eodem die et, cum ibi eum tres
15 adulescentes amplexi coronis suis in caput patris positis

saviarentur 14 cum populus gratulabundus 15 flores undique
,
1 . That there appears in docu- 9. Par. in senectute.

ments and has been handed down 10. boxer.
by the traditions of men the story 11. The pancratium was an

that. athletic contest combining the
2. sc. esse. best arts of wrestling and box-
3. The subject. ing. One engaging in such a

4. since their breath was contest might be called an 'all-
stifled. round athlete/

5. Object of exspirdsse. 12. wrestler.
6. The learned and distin- 13. The famous spot in Elis
guished philosopher, born 384 where the Olympic games were

B.C. held.
7. Locative ablative. 14. oscularentur.

8. A prominent writer of the 15. What is the force of the
New Comedy. He flourished suffix -bundtis?
about 323 B.C.

NOCTES ATTICAE. 123
in eum iaceret, ibidem in stadio 1 inspectante populo, in

,
2
osculls atque in manibus flliorum, animam efflavit.
Praeterea in nostris annalibus scrlptum legimus, 3 qua

4
tempestate apud Cannas exercitus populi Roman! caesus
est, anum5 matrem nuntio de morte
fill adlato, luctu
atque 5
maerore adf ectam esse nuntius non verus f uit atque

;
sed is
is adulescens non diu post ex ea

pugna in urbem rediit ;
6
anus, repente filio viso, copia atque turba et quasi ruma
incidentis inopinatl 7 gaudi oppressa exanimataque est.
1. stadium est locus in quo completely crushed a great Ro-

dthletae certdbant. man army, 216 B.C.
2. Par. mortuus est.
5. See p. no, 1.
14.
3. Par. illo tempore quo. 6. a nd> as it were, storm.

4. Cannae, the little town in 7. improve, subiti.
Apulia near which Hannibal
IV, 8.
120. Quid C. Fabricius 1

de Cornelio Rufino 2 honiine avaro 10
dixerit, quern, cum odisset inimicusque esset, designan-

dum 3 tamen consulem curavit.
Fabricius Luscinus magna gloria vir magnlsque rebus

gestis fuit. P. Cornelius Rufinus manu quidem 4 strenuus
et bellator bonus militarisque disciplinae 5perltus admo- 15
dum fuit, sed furax 6 homo et avaritia acrl erat. Hunc
7
Fabricius non probabat neque amico utebatur 8 6susque
See selection 110, n. i.

1.
5. peritus admodum =peritis-
Consul in 290 and 277 B.C.
2. simus.
3. creandum. The gerundive 6. fur=a thief. What is the

agreeing with the object is used force of the suffix -ax ?
with curd to express purpose. 7. See idioms.
4. See Introduction, III, C,/. 8. osus . . .
fuit = oderat.
124 AULUS GELLIUS.
eum morum causa fuit. Sed cum in temporibus rei diffi-

1
2
cillimis consules creandi forent et is Ruflnus peteret
consulatum competitoresque eius essent imbelles quldam

4
et futtiles summa ope adnlxus est Fabricius uti Rufino
3
,
5
consulatus deferretur. Earn rem plerlsque admirantibus,
quod hominem avarum cui esset inimicissimus, crearl
" "
civis me compllet
5
consulem peteret, Malo," inquit, ,
quam hostis vendat."

6
Hunc Ruflnum postea bis consulatu et dictatura func-
7 8
10 turn censor Fabricius senatu movit ob luxuriae notam,
9 10
quod decem pondo libras argenti factl haberet. Id
autem, quod supra scrips!, Fabricium de Cornelio Rufino
ita, uti in pleraque historia scrlptum est, dixisse, M.
Cicero non alils a Fabricio, sed ipsi Rufino, ngratias
12
15 agentl quod ope deslgnatus esset
eius ,
dictum esse
in libro secundo De Oratore.
18
refert
1. sc. publicae. 7 .
performed the duties of .
2. essent. 8. as a reproach for high liv-
3. vdm, leves. ing.

4. potentid. 9. in weight.
5.
rob. sc. ut ; so, too, with 10. argenttfacti = silverplate,
vendat. n. See idioms.
6. Or. Fabricius censor posted 12. cf. p. 123, 1. n.
movit hunc Rufinum, bis functum 13. ndrrat, subject is Cicero.
tonsuldtu et dictdturd, sendtii ob,
etc.
V, 2.
121. Super equo Alexandri

1
regis, qui Bucephalas appella-
tus est.
Equus Alexandri regis et capite et nomine Bucepha-

i. de.
NOCTES ATTICAE. 125
1 ' 2 3 4
las fuit. Emptum Chares scripsit talentls tredecim et
5 2 6
regl Philippe donatum ;
hoc autem aeris nostrl summa
7
est sestertia trecenta Super hoc equo dignum
duodecim.
memoria vlsum 8 quod, ubi ornatus erat armatusque ad
9
proelium, haud umquam Inscendl sese ab alio nisi ab 5
rege passus sit. Id etiam de isto equo memoratum est,

10
quod ,
cum insidens in eo Alexander bello Indico et
facinora 11 faciens fortia, in hostium cuneum 12 non satis
sibi providens immisisset, coniectlsque undique in Ale-
13
xandrum tells, volneribus altls in cervice atque in latere I0
14 15
equus perfossus esset moribundus tamen ac prope iam ,
16
exsanguis e medils hostibus regem vivacissimo cursu
rettulit atque, ubi eum extra 17 tela extulerat, 18
ilic6 con-
19
cidit et domini iam superstitis securus quasi cum sensus
1. A Greek compound mean- is translated by that and followed

ing ox-head. by the indicative. Gellius often
2. sc. esse. The subject is uses this construction where the
equum understood. best writers would use the infini-
3. A court officer of Alexan- tive with subject accusative.
der, who wrote a history of his life. IT. gesta^facta.
4. A talent is a Grecian meas- 12. Literally a wedge, refer-
ure of value worth about $1080 ring to the arrangement of the

in gold. troops in that form.
5. Father of Alexander and 13. abl. of means.
king of Macedon, 359-336 B.C. 1 4. hadbeen pierced.
6. pecuniae nostrae. 1
5. What is the force of the
7. A sestertium -- one thou- suffix?
sand sestertii, and a sestertius = 1 6. Ant. tardissimo.
4.1 cents. 17. Ant. intrd.
8. sc. est. 1 8. Par. in ipso tempore in
9. numquam. terram decidit.
10. quod here, as above, intro- 19. now assured of his mas-
1
duces a statement of fact, and ter s safety.
126 AULUS GELLIUS.
1
humanl solacio animam exspiravit. Turn rex Alexander,
parta eius belli victoria, oppidum in eisdem locis condidit
2 ' '
idque ob equl honores Bucephalon appellavit.
i.
satisfaction. 2. Par. ut equum honor dret.
V,5-
122. Cuiusmodi ioco 1 incavillatus sit 2 Antiochum 8 regem
5
Poenus Hannibal 4 .
5
In librls veterum memoriarum scrlptum est Hanni-
balem Carthaginiensem 6 apud regem Antiochum facetis-
sime 7 cavillatum esse. Ea cavillatio8 huiuscemodi fuit :
ostendebat el Antiochus in campo copias ingentis quas

10 bellum populo Romano facturus 9 comparaverat, converte-
batque exercitum insignibus argentels et aureis floren-
10
tem ;
inducebat etiam currus cum falcibus et elephantos
11
cum turribus equitatumque frenis, ephippiis ,
monllibus 12 ,
13 14
phaleris praef ulgentem Atque ibi rex, contemplatione
.
15 tanti ac t^m ornati exercitus gloriabundus, Hannibalem

" "
aspicit et Putasne," inquit, conferri 15 posse ac satis
1. cf. Eng.y^^. 6. See idioms.

2. mocked, fooled. 7. cf. Eng. derivative.
3. Antiochus the Great, king 8. iocus.
of Syria, 223-187 B.C. 9. Expresses purpose.

4. great general who for
The 10. scythes.
sixteen years defied the power n. saddles.

of Rome. After his final defeat 12. necklaces.
he fled for refuge to the court 1
3. breast decorations.
of Antiochus (195 B.C.), whom 14. prae in composition very
he persuaded to make war upon often simply strengthens the
the Romans. meaning of the word pratfulgens ;
5.
historidrum. = brilliantly shining.
15. be compared.
NOCTES ATTICAE. 127
"
esse Romanls haec omnia ? Turn Poenus, eludens 1
2
Ignaviam imbelliamque militum eius pretiose 3 armato-
"
rum :
Satis, plane satis esse credo Romanls haec omnia,
etiam si avarissimi sunt." Nihil prorsum 4 neque 5 tarn
6
lepide neque tarn acerbe dici potest rex de numero : 5
7
exercitus sui ac de aestimanda aequiperatione quaesi-
veratj respondit Hannibal de praeda.

1. sneering at. negation is not destroyed by suc-
2. A post-Augustan word ceeding negatives, each introduc-

derivedfrom/w&//M=<ttJ#tf//#J ing a separate subordinate mem-
bello. ber.
3. siimptuose, eleganter. 6. neatly.
4. at all, 7. whether it could be consid-
5.
Remember that a general ered on an equality.
v, 9 .
123. Historia de Croesi 1 filio muto ex Herodoti2 libris.
3
Filius Croesi regis, cum iam fan per aetatem posset,
infans erat et, cum iam multum adolevisset, item nihil 10
fan quibat4 . Mutus adeo5 et elinguis

6
diu habitus est.
7
Cum in
8
patrem eius bello magno vlctum
,
et urbe 9 in
qua erat capta, hostis gladio deducto, regem esse igno-
10
rans, invaderet diduxit 11 adulescens 6s, clamare nitens,
,
1.
KingofLydia, 560-5468.0. 6. Note the etymology.
His name has become synony- 7. Or. Cum hostis gladio de-
mous with boundless wealth. ducto, regem esse Ignordns, in
2. The famous Greek histo- patrem ems, bello mdgno mcttim
"
rian known as the father of his- et urbe in qua erat captd, invd-
tory." He was born 484 B.C. deret, adulescens os diduxit, etc.
3. so far as his age was con- 8. eius refers to adulescens.
cerned. 9. viz. Sardis.
4. poterat. 10. impetum faceret.

5. indeed, strengthens mutus. u. Ant. clausit.
128 AULUS GELLWS.
1
eoque nisu atque impetu splritus vitium 2 nodumque
linguae rupit planeque et articulate elocutus est, clamans
in hostem ne rex Croesus occlderetur. Turn et hostis
gladium reduxit et rex vita donatus est et adulescens
3
5 loqui prorsum deinceps incepit. Herodotus in Historiis
huius memoriae scriptor est, eiusque verba sunt quae
prlma dixisse filium Croesi refert
4
:
5
"Av0/oo)7re, ^ Kretve
KpoTcrov.
6
Sed et quispiam Samius 7 athleta, nomen ill! fuit
8
10
'E^/cXoi)s ,
cum antea non loquens fuisset, ob similem
dlcitur causam loqui coepisse. Nam cum in sacro cer-
9
tamine sortltio inter ipsos et adversaries non bona fide
fieret et sortem nominis 10 falsam subici 11 animadvertisset,

repente in eum qul id faciebat, videre sese quid faceret,
12 13
J
5 magnum inclamavit. Atque is oris vinculo solutus per
14
omne inde vitae tempus non turbide neque adhaese locu-
tus est.
1. contitu. wood containing the names of

2. impedimentum. the contestants.
3. right along thereafter. 10. gen. of specification de-
4. ndrrat. pending on falsam, A. 218 c\
5. Cave> homo, ne Croesum H. 399, III, I.

occtdds. 1 1.
being substituted.
6. quidam. 12. magndvoce.
7. Samos is a large island in 13. Par. prorsum deinceps >
the Aegean Sea. see 1.
5.
8. Echeclus. 14. Par. plane et articulate,
a casting of lots (sortes).
9. cf. 1. 2.
The lots were usually bits of

NOCTES ATTICAE. 129
VI,
124. Historia de Polo histrione 1 memoratu digna.
2
Histrio in terra Graecia fuit fama celebri, qui gestus
3
et vocis claritudine et venustate ceteris antistabat : nomen
fuisse aiunt Polum, tragoedias poetarum nobilium sclte
atque adseverate 4 actitavit 5 Is Polus unice amatum
.
fllium morte amisit. Eum

luctum quoniam satis visus 6
5
7
est eluxisse ad quaestum artis.
,
rediit
In eo tempore Athenis Electram 8 Sophoclis 9 acturus,
gestareurnam quasi cum Oresti ossibus debebat. 10
Ita
compositum fabulae argumentum est ut "veluti fratris

12
reliquias ferens Electra comploret commisereaturque in- 10
teritum eius existimatum. Igitur Polus, lugubrl habitu

Electrae indutus 13, ossa atque urnam e sepulcro tulit fill
et, quasi Oresti amplexus, opplevit omnia non simulacris

14
neque imitamentis, sed luctu atque lamentis verls et
spirantibus. Itaque cum agi fabula videretur,

15
dolor 15
actus est.
1. actor. tra, which is supposed to con-

Or. venustate gestus et da-
2. tain the ashes of her brother
ritudine vocis. Orestes.
3. praestabat, superior erat. 9. The greatest of Greek tra-
4. earnestly. gedians, 495-406 B.C.

5. What is the force of the 10. Or. argumentum fabulae
suffix ? ita compositum est.
6. Ant. gaudium . For con- 1 1 . velutt . . .

ferens = believ-
struction, see Introduction, IV, ing that she. is carrying.

1 6, 4, c. 12. Par. mortem eius ere ditam.
7. to have finished mourning 13. vestittis, amictus.

over. 14. The adjectives modify luc-
8.In the play a funeral urn tu as well as lamentis.
is brought to the heroine, Elec- 1
5.
real sorrow.
130 AULUS GELLIUS.
VI, 18.
125. De observata custoditaque apud Romano s iuris

2
iurandi sanctimonia atque inibi de decem captivis,
;
quos Romam Hannibal deiurio 3 ab his accepto legavit 4 .
lus iurandum apud Romanes

inviolate sancteque habi-
5 turn servatumque Id et moribus legibusque multis

est.
ostenditur, et hoc quod dicemus el rei non tenue argu-

mentum Post proelium Cannense 5 Hannibal,
esse potest.
Carthaginiensium imperator, ex captivis nostris electos

decem Romam misit mandavitque els 6 pactusque est ut,
10 si populo Romano videretur, permutatio fieret captivorum
7
et pro his
quos plures acciperent, darent argent!
alter!
8
pondo libram et sellbram Hoc, priusquam proficisce- .
9
rentur, ius iurandum eos adegit redituros esse in castra ,
Poenica, si Roman! captlvos non permutarent.

15 Veniunt Romam decem captlvl. Mandatum Poen!
imperatoris senatu exponunt.
in Permutatio senatu!
non placita 10 n
Parentes, cognat! adflnesque captivorum
.
12
amplexl eos, postllminio in patriam redisse dlcebant sta-
1. Remember that a perfect either party should receive in ex-
participle is often best trans- cess (of the other}.
lated by a participial or verbal a half-pound.

8.
noun with of. bind some one by an oath

9. to
2. See 111, n. i. is usually expressed iure iurando
3. Found only in Gellius= aliquem adigere, but here adigo
iure iurando. takes two accusatives.
4. legates misit. 10. sc. est.
5. The battle of Cannae (216 n. kinsmen and relatives.
B.C.), inwhich the Romans suf- by the right of postlimi-

12.
fered a most disastrous defeat. nium. By this is meant the

6. Par. pactum fecit, cf .
Eng. right to resume one's former
corn-pact. place in civil affairs.

7. in return for those whom
NOCTES ATTICAE. 131
tumque eorum integrum incolumemque esse, ac ne ad

hostes redire vellent orabant. Turn octo ex his postli-
minium iustum non esse responderunt quoniam de-
sibi
1 2
iurio vincti forent , statimque, uti iurati erant ad ,
Hannibalem profectl sunt. Duo reliqui Romae manse- 5
runt solutosque 3 esse se ac liberates religione 4 dicebant,

5
quoniam, cum egress! castra hostium fuissent, commen-
6
tlcio consilio regress! eodem7 tamquam
,
si ob aliquam
fortuitam causam, issent atque ita iure iurando satisfacto
rursum iniurati 8 ab!ssent. Haec eorum fraudulenta9 10
10
calliditas tarn esse turpis existimata est, ut contempt!
11 12
volgo discerptique sint censoresque eos postea omnium
notarum 13 et damnis et
ignominiis adfecerint, quoniam
14
quod facturos deieraverant non fecissent.
1. addctt essent. 9. What is the force of the

2. A deponent verb. suffix ?
3. Ant. vinctos. 10. cunning.

4. iure iurando. u. Par. ab omnibus.
5. Object of egresst fuissent, 12. reviled.
which is used transitively. 13. nota=.sign or mark, is
6. devised, false, preconcerted. here used of the mark against

7. A.n.z.&\. = ineundem locum. the name of a degraded citizen
8. Ant. iuratT. on the censor's list.
14. Par. quod se facturos esse pacti erant.

132 AULUS GELLIUS.
VII, 17.
126. Quis omnium primus libros publice praebuerit1 legen-

dos 2 quantusque numerus fuerit Athenis 3ante elides
;
Fersicas librorum in bibliothecis publicis.
Libros Athenis discipllnarum liberalium publice ad

5 legendum praebendos primus posuisse dicitur Pisistra-
tus 4 tyrannus. Postea studiosius accuratiusque ipsi
Athenienses auxerunt5 ;
sed omnem illam postea libro-
rum copiam Xerxes 6 ,
Athenarum
urbe ipsa potitus
7
,
8
praeter arcem incensa, abstulit asportavitque in Persas,
10 Eos porro 9 libros universes multls post tempestatibus
Seleucus 10 rex, qui Nicator appellatus est, referendos

Athenas curavit 11 .
Ingens postea numerus librorum in Aegypto ab Ptole-

maeis 12 regibus ls vel conquisitus vel confectus est ad milia
15 ferme voluminum septingenta sed ea omnia bello priore ;
Alexandrino 14 dum diripitur ea civitas, non sponte neque

,
1. dederit. 7. potior often takes the gen-

2. Remember that after verbs itive.
of giving, permitting, and the 8. For abs-portdvit.

the gerundive in agreement
like, 9. posted, deinde.
with the object is used to express 10. One of Alexanders gen-
purpose, erals and founder of the Syrian
3. Par. ante bella Persica. monarchy, reigned 312-280 B.C.
4. Tyrant of Athens, 560-527 n. curois used with the ac-
B.C. He adorned Athens with cusative and gerundive express-
many beautiful public buildings ing purpose in the sense of to

and did much to encourage liter- see to, order.
ature. 1 2. This applies especially to

5. sc. numerum librorum as Ptolemy Soter (323-285 B.C.),
object. and to his son Ptolemy Phila-
6. The famous invasion of delphus (285-247 B.C.).
Xerxes was in 480 B.C. 13. either collected or made.
14. 48-47 B.C.

NOCTES ATTICAE. 133
opera consulta, sed a mllitibus forte auxiliaribus incensa

1
sunt .
i. The library was soori re- ishing condition until destroyed

stored and continued in a flour- by the Arabs, 640 A.D.
IX, 3.
Epistula Philippi regis ad Aristotelem philosophum

1 2
127.
4
super Alexandro 3
recens nato.
5
Philippus, Amyntae filius, terrae Macedoniae rex, 5
6 7
cuius virtute industriaque Macetae locupletissimo im- ,
8
perio auctl, gentium nationumque multarum potlri coepe-
rant et cuius vim atque arma totl Graeciae 9 cavenda
10
metuendaque inclutae illae Demosthenis 11 orationes con-
12 13
tionesque vocificant ,
is Philippus, cum in omni fere 10
tempore negotiis belli victoriisque adfectus exercitusque 14
esset, a liberall tamen Miisa et a studiis humanitatis
1. See p. 125, 1. 2. 9. sc. esse. The participles

2. Seep. 122, Alexander
1. 6. agree with vim atque arma. The
became the pupil of Aristotle and infinitives depend upon vocifi-
had the highest regard for him. cant.
3.Alexander the Great (356- 10. cldrae.
323 B.C.), the well-known con- 11. The reference is to the
queror of the world. famous orations known as the

4. An adverb
=
recenter, nu- Philippics and Olynthiacs, by
per. means of which Demosthenes
5. King of Macedon, 393- vainly strove to resist the aggres-
369 B.C. sions of Philip.
6. Macedones. 12. harangues.
7. dltissimo. 13. demonstrant, declarant.
8. The genitives depend upon 14. A perf. part, used as a
potirl. predicate
134 AULUS GELLIUS.
1 2
numquam quinafuit
lepide comiterque pleraque et
faceret et diceret. Feruntur adeo 3 librl epistularum eius,
munditiae 4 et venustatis et prudentiae plenarum, velut
sunt illae litterae quibus Aristoteli philosopho natum esse
sibi Alexandrum nuntiavit.
5
Ea epistula, quoniam curae dlligentiaeque in liberorum
disciplines hortamentum 6 est, exscribenda visa est ad com-
7
monendos parentum animos. Exponenda est igitur ad
hanc ferme sententiam :
" 8
Philippus Aristoteli salutem dlcit.
9
Fllium mihi genitum sclto. Quod equidem dls habeo
10
non n natus est
gratiam proinde quia
, quam pro eo, quod
nasci contigit temporibus vitae tuae. Spero enim fore
ut, eductus eruditusque a te, dlgnus exsistat et nobis et
12
rerum istarum susceptione."
1. ut non. 7. reddenda. Philip natu-

2. neatly and courteously. rally wrote in Greek.
3. vero. 8. See idioms.
4. elegantiae. 9. ace. of specification, lit-
5. Objective genitives de- erally as to which.

pending on hortamentum. 10. See idioms.
6. What is the force of the n. proinde . .
.quamaeque
suffix -mentum ? or pariter . . . dc .
12. Par. sui regm.

NOCTES ATTICAE. 135
N. B. The remaining selections have for their purpose a final test of the ability
to read at sight. They are not more difficult than those immediately preceding, but
the accompanying notes contain no information bearing directly upon the transla-
tion.
x >7 .
128. Fluminum quae imperium Romanum fluunt

ultra
piima magnitudine esse Nilum, secunda Histrum 1 pro- ,
xima Rhodanum, sicuti M. Varronem 2 memini scribere.
Omnium fluminum quae in maria, qua imperium Ro-

manum est, fluunt, quam 3 Graeci 4Trjv cum OdXaavav appel- 5
lant, maximum esse Nilum consentitur. Proxima magni-

tudine esse Histrum scrlpsit Sallustius 5 Varro autem .
cum de parte orbis quae Europa dicitur, dissereret, in

tribus primis eius terrae fluminibus Rhodanum esse ponit,
per quod videtur eum facere Histro aemulum. Histros 10
enim quoque in Europa fluit.
1. The Danube. 4. The inner sea, i.e. the Med-

2. See p. 109, 1.
5.
iterranean.
3. The relative is here at- 5. C. Sallustius Crispus, the

tracted to agree with 0d\a<T(rav. Roman historian, 86-34 B.C.
X, 10.
129. Quae eius rei causa sit quod et Graeci veteres et

Roman! anulum hoc digito gestaverint qui est in maim
sinistra miiiimo proximus.
Veteres Graecos anulum habuisse in digito accepimus 15

sinistrae manus
qui minimo est proximus. Romanos
quoque homines aiunt sic plerumque anulis usitatos.
Causam esse huius rei Apion 1 in libris Aegyptiacis hanc
i. Apion, a Greek gramma- taught rhetoric at Rome in the
rian, was born in Egypt and first century A.D. His work on
studied at Alexandria. He Egypt was in five books.
136 AULUS GELLIUS.
dlcit,quod insectis apertisque humanis corporibus, ut

mos 1
Aegypto fuit, quas Graecl dvaro/Aas appellant,
in
repertum est nervum quendam tenuissimum ab eo uno

digito de quo dlximus, ad cor hominis pergere ac per-
5 venire ;propterea non mscitum visum esse eum potissi-
mum digitum tali honore decorandum, qui continens et
quasi conexus esse cum principatu cordis videretur.
i. dissection.
X, 27.
130. Historia de populo Romano deque populo Poenico,

quod pan prope modum vigore fuerint aemuli.
10 In litterls veteribus memoria exstat quod par quondam

amplitudoque popull Roman! atque
fuit vigor et acritudo
Poem. Neque immerito aestimatum. Cum alils quidem

populls de uniuscuiusque re publica, cum Poenis autem
de omnium terrarum imperio decertatum.
15 Eius rei specimen est in illo utrlusque popull verbo
1
factoque Q. Fabius
:
imperator Romanus, dedit ad
,
Carthaginienses epistulam. Ibi scriptum fuit populum

Romanum mlsisse ad eos hastam et caduceum 2 slgna ,
3
duo belli aut pacis, ex quis utrum vellent eligerent ;
20 quod elegissent, id unum ut esse missum existimarent.
Carthaginienses responderunt neutrum sese eligere sed ;
posse, qui attulissent, utrum mallent relinquere quod ;
rellquissent, id sibi pro electo futurum.

i. Quintus Fabius Maxim us 2. The caduceus was a her-
was most active against Hanni- aid's staff, originally an olive
bal in the Second Punic War. branch, and hence a sign of
His extreme caution gave him peace.
the surname of Cunctator, or 3. A contraction for quibus.
Delayer. He died 203 B.C.

NOCTES ATTICAE. 137
M. autem Varro 1 non hastam ipsam neque ipsum cadu-

ceum missa dicit, sed duas tesserulas, in quarum altera
caduceum in altera hastae simulacra fuerint incisa.
i. See selection 111, n. 2.
XI, 14.
131. Sobria et pulcherrima Romuli 1 regis responsio circa

vini usuni. c
Simplicissima suavitate et rei et orationis L. Piso

2
Frugi usus est in primo Annall, cum de Romuli regis
vita atque vlctu scrlberet. Ea verba quae scrlpsit haec
sunt Eundem Romulum dicunt, ad cenam vocatum, ibi
:
non multum bibisse, quia postridie negotium haberet. El 10

"
dicunt Romule, si istud omnes homines faciant, vinum
:
"
vllius sit." His respondit : Immo vero carum, si quan-
tum quisque volet bibat ;
nam ego bibl quantum volui."
1. Romulus, the chief founder cause of his integrity, was trib-
and king of Rome, 753 B.C.

first une 149 His Annals con-
B.C.
2. Lucius Piso, surnamed tained the history of Rome from
Frugi, or
f
man of honor,* be- the earliest period to his own age.
XII, 8.
132. Reditiones in gratiam nobilium virorum memoratu

dignae. !
^
P. Africanus 1 superior et Tiberius Gracchus 2 ,
Tiberl
i. This refers to Scipio Afri- 2. Tiberius Gracchus, a dis-
canus Major, born 234 B.C. He tinguished general who won re-
was unquestionably one of the nown in Spain and Sardinia. He

greatest men of Rome. His was tribune, praetor, censor, and
greatest exploit was his brilliant twice consul. His public life
victory over Hannibal, 202 B.C. was embraced between the years
See pp. 69-87. 187 and 163 B.C.
138 AULUS GELLIUS.
et C. Gracchorum 1 pater, rerum gestarum magnitudine

et honorum atque vltae dlgnitate inlustres virl, dissense-
runt saepenumero de re publica et ea slve qua alia re
non amlci fuerunt. Ea simultas cum diu mansisset et
5
sollemni die epulum lovl libaretur atque ob id sacrificium
senatus in Capitolio epularetur, fors fuit ut apud eandem
mensam duo illl iunctim locarentur. Turn, quasi dils
convivio lovis optiml maximl
immortalibus arbitris in
dexteras eorum conducentibus, repente amicissimi facti.
I0 Neque solum amicitia incepta, sed adflnitas simul Insti-
tuta ;
nam P. Scipio filiam virginem habens iam viro
maturam, ibi tune eodem in loco despondit earn Tiberio

Graccho, quem probaverat elegeratque exploratissimo
iudic!tempore dum inimicus esset.
15
Aemilius quoque Lepidus 2 et Fulvius Flaccus 3 nobili ,
genere amplissimisque honoribus ac summo loco in clvi-

tate praediti, odio inter sese gravi et simultate diutina
conflictati sunt. Postea populus eos simul censores facit.
Atque illl, ubi voce praeconis renuntiati sunt, ibidem in
4
20 Campo statim, nondum dimissa contione, ultro uterque
et par! voluntate coniuncti complexique sunt, exque eo
1. These are the famous trib- Nobilior, who was censor with
unes who gave their lives in a Lepidus, 179 B.C. Livy, the Ro-
vain attempt to redress the man historian, tells this story
wrongs of the people. Tiberius about them, Bk. XL, 45 and 46.
was killed by a mob, 133 B.C., 4. The Campus Martius, a
Caius, 121 B.C. large plain outside the city walls
2. A distinguished Roman in the bend of the Tiber, north-
who died 152 B.C., full of years west of the Capitoline. It was
and honors. used for elections and large
3. Gellius is mistaken in the assemblies,
man. It should be M. Fulvius
NOCTES ATTICAE 139
die et in ipsa censura et postea iugl concordia fidissime
amicissimeque vlxerunt.
XIII, 2.
133. Super poetarum Pacuvl 1 et Acci 2 conloquio familiar!

in oppido Tarentino.
Quibus otium et studium fuit vitas atque aetates doc- 5
torum hominum quaerere ac memoriae tradere, de M.

Pacuvio et L. Accio tragicls poetis historiam scrlpserunt
" "
huiuscemodl : Cum Pacuvius," inquiunt, grand! iam
aetate et morbo corporis diutino adfectus, Tarentum 3
ex urbe Roma concessisset, Accius tune, haud parvo 10
iunior, proficiscens in Asiam, cum in oppidum venisset,

ad Pacuvium comiterque invltatus plusculisque
devertit
ab eo diebus retentus, tragoediam suam, cui Atreus
nomen est, desideranti legit." Turn Pacuvium dixisse
aiunt sonora quidem esse quae scnpsisset, et grandia 15 ;
sed videri tamen ea sibi duriora paulum et acerbiora.

"
"Ita est/' inquit Accius, uti dicis neque id me sane ;
paenitet meliora enim fore spero quae postea scribam.

:
"
Nam quod in pomis, itidem," inquit, esse aiunt in inge-
niis quae dura et acerba nascuntur, post fmnt mitia et
;
20
iucunda sed quae glgnuntur statim vieta et mollia atque

;
in prlncipio sunt uvida, non matura mox fiunt, sed putria.
1. See p. 114, 1.
5. are spoken of in terms of admira-
2. Lucius Accius, an early tion by the ancient writers.
Roman tragic poet, was born 3. A large city in southern
170 B.C. We possess
only frag- Italy.
ments of his tragedies, but they
140 AULUS GELLIUS.
êlinquendum igitur visum est in ingenio quod dies
atque aetas mltificet."

i. Dr. Knapp, in his edition nothing turgid, no ungraceful
of Gellius, aptly quotes as fol- ornament or flashy rhetoric, will
"
lows from a modern critic : The never do much as a writer."
young man whose essay shows
XV, 1 6.
134. De novo genere interitus Crotoiiieiisis Milonis.
Milo 1 Crotoniensis 2 athleta , inlustris, quern in Chroni-

3
5 cis scriptum est Olympiade LXII prlmum coronatum
esse, exitum habuit e vita miserandum et mirandum.
Cum iam natu grandis artem athleticam desisset iterque
faceret forte solus in locls Italiae silvestribus, quercum
proxime viam patulis in parte media rimls hiantem.
vidit
10 Turn experlrl, credo, etiam tune volens, an ullae sibi

reliquae vires adessent, immissis in cavernas arboris
digitis, diducere et rescindere quercum conatus est.

Ac mediam quidem partem discidit divellitque ; quercus
autem in duas dlducta partis, cum ille, quasi perfecto
1. Milo was one of the most erful towns in southern Italy,
famous athletes of ancient times. It owed much of its greatness to
He was six times victor in wrest- Pythagoras, the famous philos-
ling at the Olympic games and opher,who established his school
six times at the Pythian. His here.
bodily strength was extraordi- 3. The Olympic games were

nary, and many stories are told first celebrated 776 B.C., and
of his wonderful feats, such as thereafter every fourth year,
carrying a heifer of four years The intervening four years was
old on his shoulder through the called an Olympiad. The LXII
stadium at Olympia. Olympiad, therefore, would be
2. Croton, or Crotona, was the years 532-528 B.C.
one of the largest and most pow-
NOCTES ATTICAE. 141
quod erat conixus, manus laxasset, cessante vi rediit in

naturam, manibusque eius retentis inclusisque, stricta de-
nuo et cohaesa dilacerandum hominem fens praebuit.
XV, 18.
135. Quod pugna belli civilis victoriaque Gai Caesaris

1
quam vicit in Pharsaliis campis, nuntiata praedictaque 5
est per ciiiuspiam sacerdotis vaticinium eodem ipso die

in Italia Patavi 2 .
Quo C. Caesar et Cn. Pompeius die per civile bellum

sigms conlatis in Thessalia confllxerunt, res accidit
Patavi in Transpadana Italia memorarl digna. Corne- 10
lius quidam sacerdos, et nobilis et sacerdoti religionibus

3
venerandus et castitate vitae sanctus, repente mota mente,
conspicere se procul dlxit pugnam acerrimam pugnari, ac
deinde alios cedere alios urgere, caedem, fugam, tela
volantia, mstaurationem pugnae, impressionem, gemitus, 15
volnera, proinde ut si ipse in proelio versaretur, coram

videre sese vociferatus est ac postea subito exclamavit
Caesarem vicisse.
Ea Cornell sacerdotis hariolatio levis turn quidem visa
est et vecors. Magnae mox
admiration! fuit quoniam 20
non modo pugnae dies quae in Thessalia pugnata est r
neque proell exitus qul erat praedictus, Idem fuit, sed
omnes quoque pugnandl vicissitudines et ipsa exercituum
1. This refers to the battle of 3. The ancients believed that

Pharsalia in Thessaly, 48 B.C., in the minds of men could be
which Caesar defeated Pompey moved or inspired by the gods
and became master of the world. to prophesy. This was called
2. Patavium, now Padua,
was, vaticinium or hariol&tio*
under the Romans, the most im-
portant city in northern Italy.
142 AULUS GELLIUS.
duorum conflictatio vaticinantis motu atque verbis re-
praesentata est.
XVII, 17.
136. Mithradatem Ponti regem, duarum et viginti gentium

1
,
linguis locutum Quintumque Ennium 2 tria corda habere

;
5 sese dixisse quod tris linguas sciret, Graecam, Oscam,

Latinam.
Qumtus Ennius tria corda habere sese dicebat quod

loqui Graece et Osce et Latlne sciret. Mithradates
3
autem, Ponti atque Blthyniae rex inclutus, qui a Cn.
10 Pompeio duarum et viginti gentium
bello superatus est,
quas sub dicione habuit, linguis locutus est earumque

omnium gentium cum virls baud umquam per interpretem
conlocutus est, sed ut quemque ab eo appellarl usus fuit,

proinde lingua et oratione ipsius non minus sclte quam
15 si gentllis eius esset, locutus est.
1. Mithradates, surnamed the father of their poetry. His most

Great, made three wars against important work was an epic
the Romans. He was finally poem called the Annals, being
subdued by Pompey, 65 B.C. a history of Rome. All his
Cicero calls him the greatest of works are lost excepting a few
all kings after Alexander. fragments.
2. Ennius, 239-169 B.C., was 3. Pontus and Bithynia are
regarded by the Romans as the provinces in Asia Minor.
XIX, 3.
137. Quod turpius est frigide laudari quam acerbius

vituperari.
1
Turpius esse dicebat Favormus philosophus exigue
atque frigide laudari quam msectanter et graviter vitupe-
i. One of Gellius' teachers, see p. 106.
NOCTES ATTICAE. 143
" "
ran :
Quoniam," inquit, qui maledicit et vituperat,
quanto id acerbius facit tanto magis ille pro inimico et
iniquo ducitur, et plerumque, propterea, fidem non capit.

Sed qui Infecunde atque ieiune laudat, destitui a causa
videtur et ^micus quidem creditur eius quern laudare
5
volt, sed nihil posse reperlre quod iure laudet."

i . cf . our expression, to
'
damn a friend with faint praise.'
XX, 7.
138. Quam diversae Graecorum sententiae super numero

Niobae 1 filiorum.
Mira et prope adeo rldicula diversitas fabulae apud

Graecos poetas deprenditur super numero Niobae filio- 10
rum. Nam Homerus 2

pueros puellasque eius bis senos
3 4
dicit fuisse, Euripides bis septenos, Sappho bis novenos,
5 6
Bacchylides et Pindarus bis denos, quidam alii scripto-
res tres fuisse solos dixerunt.
1. Niobe, the wife of Am- cles as the foremost writer of
phion, the king of Thebes, being Greek tragedy, 480-406 B.C.

proud of the number of her chil- 4. Sappho, the greatest of an-
dren, deemed herself superior to cient poetesses, lived in the sev-
Latona, who had but two, Apol- enth century B.C. and wrote
lo and Diana. As a punishment lyrics.
her children were all killed by 5. Bacchylides,
one of the
the shafts of the archer god and great lyric poets of Greece, flour-
his sister. ished about 470 B.C.
2. Homer, the great epic poet 6. Pindar, the greatest lyric
of Greece, may have lived about poet of Greece, was born about
900 B.C. 522 B.C.
3. Euripides followed Sopho-
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY
OF
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
N.B. ae and oe are pronounced as e would be in the same situation.
A.
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY. 145
E.
146 PR ONO UNCING VO CA B ULAR Y.
Ni9'i-as (nish'i-as).
THIS BOOK IS DUE OH THE LAST DATE
STAMPED BELOW
AN INITIAL FINE OP 25 CENTS
WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN
THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY
WILL INCREASE TO 5O CENTS ON THE FOURTH
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OVERDUE.
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Easy Latin For Sight Read D'Ooge Bejanimin

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GIFT OF

FOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS

RITCHIE'S FABULAE FACILES, LHOMOND'S

EDITED, WITH INTRODUCTION, MODELS

GINN & COMPANY

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

GINN & COMPANY PRO-

one may be safely and surely led to read and understand

original far too little. Students should be taught to read,

Many of us have felt the lack of just the right kind of

nothing better can be found than Ritchie's Fabulae Faciles,

use of this book will greatly facilitate the progress through

teaching the art of reading Latin. These are fol-

plex the mind with unnecessary questions as to possible or

1886) has been followed in those from Gellius. For the

Ritchie, of Seven Oaks, England, who kindly placed his

As authority for quantities the last edition (1895) of Lewis'

The notes main of synonyms, antonyms,

thereby his ability to read those authors. English transla-

A. R. Crittenden, of the Ypsilanti High School, and to

MODELS FOR WRITTEN LESSONS 15

SELECTIONS FROM LHOMOND'S VIRI ROMAE

II. PUBLIUS CORNELIUS SCIPIO AFRICANUS

111. MARCUS PORCIUS CATO

no. The reply of Fabricius to the Samnite ambassadors 108 .

in. Why Socrates put up with his quarrelsome wife, and

112. The Sibylline books no

Sudden death caused

by. excessive joy ....

Fabricius favored Rufinus, an avaricious man, for

EASY LATIN FOR SIGHT READING.

II. What are the Difficulties?

III. Consideration of the Difficulties :

The vocabularyactually necessary for reading ordinary

ing hints may be found helpful ,:

Learn as soon as possible the meanings of the prep-

pronominal adverbs, and numerals.

is, however, always open to suspicion, and should not

suggest some English derivative that will give the help

dictionary; but when you are compelled to do this, look

Happily the days are past when students were made

grammatical knowledge as fast as it is acquired and that

practical utility is the aim of instruction. It should be

indispensable to correct and facile interpretation, and in

trying to learn too much fail to learn the little well.

The essential little must be as well known as the English

are preceded or accompanied by invariable signs that are

text, oftenlead one to the correct interpretation without

any special thought of the construction. To know the

though, of course, we of necessity give the proper force

Construing is, therefore, not an end in itself, but should

The appears most formidable to begin-

familiarity with the Roman ways of constructing sen-

understood, e.g., "Whom ye ignorantly worship, him

One reason, and perhaps the principal one, why we

of reading it all straight through and thus getting the

that the thoughts generally move by antitheses. These

a. To read a language the words must be taken exactly

your mind, and their probable office, so far as the prog-

doubtful points. Try to grasp the meaning of the sen-

complex sentence. When the subject is changed, that

d. The first word in a sentence is always conspicuous

is often taken out from a subordinate introductory