CCNA Exploration 4.

0: Routing Protocols and Concepts - Chapter 1 Exam

Answers
1. If a router cannot find a valid configuration file during the startup sequence, what will occur?

The startup sequence will reset.

*The router will prompt the user for a response to enter setup mode.
The startup sequence will halt until a valid configuration file is acquired.
The router will generate a default configuration file based on the last valid configuration.
The router will monitor local traffic to determine routing protocol configuration requirements.

2.Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator has configured the router with the interface IP
addresses shown for the directly connected networks. Pings from the router to hosts on the
connected networks or pings between router interfaces are not working. What is the most likely
problem?
The destination networks do not exist.
The IP addresses on the router interfaces must be configured as network addresses and not host
addresses.
* The interfaces must be enabled with the no shutdown command.
Each interface must be configured with the clock rate command.

3.
Refer to the exhibit. What can be concluded from the routing table output in the exhibit? (Choose
two.)
This router only has two interfaces.
The router interfaces are not operational yet.
This router is configured to forward packets to remote networks.
* The FastEthernet0/0 and Serial0/0/0 interfaces of this router were configured with an IP address
and the no shutdown command.
* An IP packet received by this router with a destination address of 198.18.9.1 will be forwarded
out of the Serial0/0/0 interface.

4.Refer to the exhibit. The frame shown in the exhibit was received by the router. The router
interfaces are operational. How will the router process this frame? (Choose two.)
The router will change the source and destination IP address in the packet before forwarding the
frame.
* The router will change the frame type to one supported by the WAN link before forwarding the
frame.
The router will use the destination MAC address to determine which interface to forward the
packet.
The router will look up the MAC address of the S0/0/0 interface in the ARP table and add it to
the frame before forwarding.
* The frame was received on the Fa0/0 interface of the router and will be switched to the S0/0/0
interface.
The frame was received on the S0/0/0 interface of the router and will be switched to the Fa0/0
interface.

5. Passwords can be used to restrict access to all or parts of the Cisco IOS. Select the modes and
interfaces that can be protected with passwords. (Choose three.)
* VTY interface
* console interface
Ethernet interface
secret EXEC mode
* privileged EXEC mode
router configuration mode

6. Which two statements correctly describe the components of a router? (Choose two.)

RAM permanently stores the configuration file used during the boot sequence.
* ROM contains diagnostics executed on hardware modules.
NVRAM stores a backup copy of the IOS used during the boot sequence.
* Flash memory does not lose its contents during a reboot.
ROM contains the most current and most complete version of the IOS.
Flash contains boot system commands to identify the location of the IOS

7.Refer to the exhibit. After host 2 is connected to the switch on the LAN, host 2 is unable to
communicate with host 1. What is the cause of this problem?

The subnet mask of host 2 is incorrect.

* Host 1 and host 2 are on different networks.
The switch needs an IP address that is not configured.
The router LAN interface and host 1 are on different networks.
The IP address of host 1 is on a different network than is the LAN interface of the router.
8. Which are functions of a router? (Choose three.)
* packet switching
extension of network segments
* segmentation of broadcast domains
* selection of best path based on logical addressing
election of best path based on physical addressing

9.
Refer to the exhibit. All routers have a route in its routing table to each network that is shown in
the exhibit. Default routes have not been issued on these routers. What can be concluded about
how packets are forwarded in this network? (Choose two.)
If RouterC receives a packet that is destined for 10.5.1.1, it will be forwarded out interface Fa0/0.
* If RouterA receives a packet that is destined for 192.168.3.146, it will be forwarded out
interface S0/0/1.
* If RouterB receives a packet that is destined for 10.5.27.15, it will be forwarded out interface
S0/0/1.
If RouterB receives a packet that is destined for 172.20.255.1, it will be forwarded out interface
S0/0/0.
If RouterC receives a packet that is destined for 192.16.5.101, it will be forwarded out interface
S0/0/1.

10.
The serial connection shown in the graphic needs to be configured. Which configuration
commands must be made on the Sydney router to establish connectivity with the Melbourne site?
(Choose three.)
* Sydney(config-if)# ip address 201.100.53.2 255.255.255.0
* Sydney(config-if)# no shutdown
Sydney(config-if)# ip address 201.100.53.1 255.255.255.224
* Sydney(config-if)# clock rate 56000
Sydney(config-if)# ip host Melbourne 201.100.53.2
11. Refer to the exhibit. What can be concluded from the output of the running-configuration of a
router?
The passwords are encrypted.
The current configuration was saved to NVRAM.
The configuration that is shown will be the one used on the next reboot.
* The commands that are displayed determine the current operation of the router.

12. Refer to the exhibit. Host A pings host B. When R4 accepts the ping into the Ethernet
interface, what two pieces of header information are included? (Choose two.)
source IP address: 192.168.10.129
source IP address: BBBB.3333.5677
destination IP address: 192.168.10.33
* destination IP address: 192.168.10.134
* destination MAC address: 9999.DADC.1234

13. What is the outcome of entering these commands?

R1(config)# line vty 0 4
R1(config-line)# password check123
R1(config-line)# login

ensures that a password is entered before entering user EXEC mode

* sets the password to be used for connecting to this router via Telnet
requires check123 to be entered before the configuration can be saved
creates a local user account for logging in to a router or switch
14. Which of the following is the correct flow of routines for a router startup?
* load bootstrap, load IOS, apply configuration
load bootstrap, apply configuration, load IOS
load IOS, load bootstrap, apply configuration, check hardware
check hardware, apply configuration, load bootstrap, load IOS
15. What three processes does a router execute when it receives a packet from one network that is
destined for another network? (Choose three.)
* decapsulates the Layer 3 packet by stripping off the Layer 2 frame header
uses the destination MAC Address in the IP Header to look up the next-hop address in the routing
table
leaves the Layer 2 frame header intact when decapsulating the Layer 3 packet
* uses the destination IP Address in the IP header to look up the next-hop address in the routing
table
* encapsulates the Layer 3 packet into the new Layer 2 frame and forwards it out the exit
interface
encapsulates the Layer 3 packet into a special Layer 1 frame and forwards it to the exit interface

16. The network administrator needs to connect two routers directly via their FastEthernet ports.
What cable should the network administrator use?
straight-through
rollover
* cross-over
serial

17. Which two statements describe characteristics of load balancing? (Choose two.)
Load balancing occurs when a router sends the same packet to different destination networks.
Load balancing occurs when a router sends the same packet to different destination networks.
* Load balancing allows a router to forward packets over multiple paths to the same destination
network.
* Unequal cost load balancing is supported by EIGRP.
If multiple paths with different metrics to a destinations exist, the router cannot support load
balancing.

18. What information about the router and its startup process can be gathered from the output of
the show version command? (Choose three.)

* the last restart method

the command buffer contents
the amount of NVRAM and FLASH used
* the configuration register settings
* the location from where the IOS loaded
19.Which interfaces in the exhibit could be used for a leased line WAN connection? (Choose
two.
*1
2

3
*4
5
6

20. From what location can a router load the Cisco IOS during the boot process? (Choose two.)
RAM
* TFTP server
NVRAM
setup routine
* Flash memory
terminal

21. A network administrator has just entered new configurations into Router1. Which command
should be executed to save configuration changes to NVRAM?

Router1# copy running-config flash

Router1(config)# copy running-config flash
Router1# copy running-config startup-config
* Router1(config)# copy running-config startup-config
Router1# copy startup-config running-config
Router1(config)# copy startup-config running-config

22. What is the default sequence for loading the configuration file?

NVRAM, FLASH, ROM

FLASH, TFTP,CONSOLE
* NVRAM, TFTP, CONSOLE
FLASH, TFTP, ROM

23. What header address information does a router change in the information it receives from an
attached Ethernet interface before information is transmitted out another interface?
only the Layer 2 source address
only the Layer 2 destination address
only the Layer 3 source address
only the Layer 3 destination address
* the Layer 2 source and destination address
the Layer 3 source and destination address
Network Fundamentals - Chapter 2 Exam Answers

1.Which two layers of the OSI model have the same functions as the TCP/IP model Network
Access Layer? (Choose two.)
Network
Transport
* Physical
* Data Link
Session

2 What is a primary function of the trailer information added by the data link layer
encapsulation?
* supports error detection
ensures ordered arrival of data
provides delivery to correct destination
identifies the devices on the local network
assists intermediary devices with processing and path selection

3 During the encapsulation process, what occurs at the data link layer?
No address is added.
The logical address is added.
* The physical address is added.
The process port number is added.

4 What device is considered an intermediary device?

file server
IP phone
laptop
printer
* switch

5.Which layer encapsulates the segment into packets?

physical
data link
*network
transport

6.Which statements correctly identify the role of intermediary devices in the network? (Choose
three.)
* determine pathways for data
initiate data communications
* retime and retransmit data signals
originate the flow of data
* manage data flows
final termination point for data flow
7 What can be identified by examining the network layer header?
the destination device on the local media
* the path to use to reach the destination host
the bits that will be transferred over the media
the source application or process creating the data
8 What is the proper order of the layers of the OSI model from the highest layer to the lowest
layer?
physical, network, application, data link, presentation, session, transport
application, physical, session, transport, network, data link, presentation
application, presentation, physical, session, data link, transport, network
* application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, physical
presentation, data link, session, transport, network, physical, application
9 Refer to the exhibit. Which three labels correctly identify the network types for the network
segments that are shown? (Choose three.)
Network A -- WAN
* Network B -- WAN
* Network C -- LAN
Network B -- MAN
Network C -- WAN
* Network A -- LAN
10 What are the key functions of encapsulation? (Choose three.)
allows modification of the original data before transmission
* identifies pieces of data as part of the same communication
enables consistent network paths for communication
* ensures that data pieces can be directed to the correct receiving end device
* enables the reassembly of complete messages
tracks delay between end devices
11 Refer to the exhibit. Which networking term describes the data interleaving process
represented in the graphic?
piping
PDU
streaming
*multiplexing
encapsulation
12 What is a PDU?
corruption of a frame during transmission
data reassembled at the destination
retransmitted packets due to lost communication
* a layer specific encapsulation
13 Refer to the exhibit. "Cell A" at IP address 10.0.0.34 has established an IP session with "IP
Phone 1" at IP address 172.16.1.103. Based upon the graphic, which device type best describes
the function of wireless device "Cell A?"
the destination device
* an end device
an intermediate device
a media device
14 Refer to the exhibit. Which set of devices contains only end devices?
A, C, D
B, E, G, H
C, D, G, H, I, J
D, E, F, H, I, J
* E, F, H, I, J
15 Refer to the exhibit. Which term correctly identifies the device type that is included in the
green area?
source
end
transfer
* intermediary
16 Which three statements best describe a Local Area Network (LAN)? (Choose three.)
* A LAN is usually in a single geographical area.
* The network is administered by a single organization.
The connection between segments in the LAN is usually through a leased connection.
The security and access control of the network are controlled by a service provider.
* A LAN provides network services and access to applications for users within a common
organization.
Each end of the network is generally connected to a Telecommunication Service Provider (TSP).
17 Refer to the exhibit. What type of network is shown?
WAN
MAN
* LAN
WLAN
18 What is the purpose of the TCP/IP Network Access layer?
path determination and packet switching
* data representation, encoding, and control
reliability, flow control, and error detection
detailing the components that make up the physical link and how to access it
the division of segments into packets
19 Which characteristic correctly refers to end devices in a network?
manage data flows
originate data flow
* retime and retransmit data signals
determine pathways for data
20 What is the primary purpose of Layer 4 port assignment?
to identify devices on the local media
to identify the hops between source and destination
to identify to the intermediary devices the best path through the network
to identify the source and destination end devices that are communicating
* to identify the processes or services that are communicating within the end devices
21 Select the statements that are correct concerning network protocols. (Choose three.)
* define the structure of layer specific PDU's
dictate how to accomplish layer functions
* outline the functions necessary for communications between layers
limit hardware compatibility
* require layer dependent encapsulations
eliminate standardization among vendors

Routing Protocols and Concepts - Chapter 2 Exam Answers

1 A static route that points to the next hop IP will have what administrative distance
and metric in the routing table?

administrative distance of 0 and metric of 0

administrative distance of 0 and metric of 1
* administrative distance of 1 and metric of 0
administrative distance of 1 and metric of 1

2 What address can be used to summarize networks 172.16.1.0/24, 172.16.2.0/24,

172.16.3.0/24, and 172.16.4.0/24?

* 172.16.0.0/21
172.16.1.0/22
172.16.0.0 255.255.255.248
172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0

The routers in the diagram use the subnet assignments shown. What is the most
efficient route summary that can be configured on Router3 to advertise the internal
networks to the cloud?

192.1.1.0/26 and 192.1.1.64/27

192.1.1.128/25
192.1.1.0/23 and 192.1.1.64/23
192.1.1.0/24
* 192.1.1.0/25
192.1.1.0/24 and 192.1.1.64/24

Refer to the exhibit. What is the significance of the /8 in the route to the 10.0.0.0
network?

It indicates that there are 8 hops between this router and the 10.0.0.0 network.
It represents the time, in milliseconds, it takes for a ping to reply when sent to the
10.0.0.0 network.
It indicates that there are 8 subnets in the destination network to which the router
can forward packets.
* It indicates the number of consecutive bits, from the left, in the destination IP
address of a packet that must match 10.0.0.0 to use that route.

Refer to the exhibit. How will packets destined to the 172.16.0.0 network be
forwarded?

* Router1 will perform recursive lookup and packet will exit S0/0.
Router1 will perform recursive lookup and packet will exit S0/1.
There is no matching interface associated with network 172.16.0.0 so packets will
be dropped.
There is no matching interface associated with network 172.16.0.0 so packets will
take gateway of last resort and exit out S0/2.

6 A network administrator enters the following command into Router1: ip route

192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 S0/1/0. Router1 then receives a packet that is destined
for 192.168.0.22/24. After finding the recently configured static route in the routing
table, what does Router1 do next to process the packet?

drops the packet because the destination host is not listed in the routing table
looks up the MAC address of the S0/1/0 interface to determine the destination MAC
address of the new frame
performs a recursive lookup for the IP address of the S0/1/0 interface before
forwarding the packet
* encapsulates the packet into a frame for the WAN link and forwards the packet out
the S0/1/0 interface

7
Refer to the exhibit. Given the output in the exhibit, how would a clock rate be
determined for this link?

The rate would be negotiated by both routers.

A rate would not be selected due to the DCE/DTE connection mismatch.
The rate configured on the DTE determines the clock rate.
* The rate configured on the DCE determines the clock rate.

8
Refer to the exhibit. Which set of commands will configure static routes that will
allow the WinterPark and the Altamonte routers to deliver packets from each LAN
and direct all other traffic to the Internet?

* WinterPark(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.146.1

Altamonte(config)# ip route 10.0.234.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.2
Altamonte(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/1
WinterPark(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.146.1
Altamonte(config)# ip route 10.0.234.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.2
Altamonte(config)# ip route 198.18.222.0 255.255.255.255 s0/1
WinterPark(config)# ip route 172.191.67.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.1
WinterPark(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.146.1
Altamonte(config)# ip route 10.0.234.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.2
WinterPark(config)# ip route 172.191.67.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.1
Altamonte(config)# ip route 10.0.234.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.2
Altamonte(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/0

9 Hosts on two separate subnets cannot communicate. The network administrator

suspects a missing route in one of the routing tables. Which three commands can be
used to help troubleshoot Layer 3 connectivity issues? (Choose three.)

* ping
show arp
* traceroute
* show ip route
show interface
show cdp neighbor detail

10
Refer to the exhibit. A company network engineer is assigned to establish
connectivity between the two Ethernet networks so that hosts on the 10.1.1.0/24
subnet can contact hosts on the 10.1.2.0/24 subnet. The engineer has been told to
use only static routing for these company routers. Which set of commands will
establish connectivity between the two Ethernet networks?

R1(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1

R2(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2
R1(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2
R2(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1
* R1(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2
R2(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1
R1(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1
R2(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2
R1(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.2.1
R2(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.1

11 Which of the following are displayed by the Router# show cdp neighbors
command? (Choose three.)
load
* platform
reliability
* holdtime
* local interface

12
Refer to the exhibit. What two commands are required to provide connectivity
between the 192.168.1.0 and 10.0.0.0 networks without requiring recursive lookup?
(Choose two.)

* A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 s 0/1/0

A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2
A (config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 s 0/0/0
* B(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 s 0/0/0
B (config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.40.1
B(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 s 0/1/0

13
Refer to the exhibit. What two commands will change the next-hop address for the
10.0.0.0/8 network from 172.16.40.2 to 192.168.1.2? (Choose two.)

A(config)# no network 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2

A(config)# no ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2
* A(config)# no ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2
A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 s0/0/0
* A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 192.168.1.2

14 What happens to a static route entry in a routing table when the outgoing
interface is not available?

* The route is removed from the table.

The router polls neighbors for a replacement route.
The route remains in the table because it was defined as static.
The router redirects the static route to compensate for the loss of the next hop
device.

15 A router has one static route to each destination network. Which two scenarios
would require an administrator to alter the static routes that are configured on that
router? (Choose two.)

* The destination network no longer exists.

The destination network is moved to a different interface on the same router.
The path between the source and destination is upgraded with a higher bandwidth
link.
* A topology change occurs where the existing next-hop address or exit interface is
not accessible.
The remote destination network interface has to be down for 15 minutes of
maintenance.

16 Why is it advisable to enter a next-hop IP address when creating a static route

whose exit interface is an Ethernet network?

Adding the next-hop address eliminates the need for the router to do any lookups in
the routing table before forwarding a packet.
* In a multi-access network, the router cannot determine the next-hop MAC address
for the Ethernet frame without a next-hop address.
Using a next-hop address in a static route provides a route with a lower metric.
In multi-access networks, using a next-hop address in a static route makes that
route a candidate default route.

17 The output of the Router# show interfaces serial 0/1 command displays the
following:

Serial0/1 is up, line protocol is down.

What is the most likely cause for the line protocol being down?

Serial0/1 is shutdown.
There is no cable connecting the routers.
The remote router is using serial 0/0.
* No clock rate has been set.

18
Refer to the exhibit. Which static route should be configured on Router1 so that host
A will be able to reach host B on the 172.16.0.0 network?

ip route 192.168.0.0 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0

ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.0.1
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0/1
* ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0/0

19 What two devices are responsible for converting the data from the WAN service
provider into a form acceptable by the router? (Choose two).

the serial port of the router

* a modem
a switch
the ethernet port of the router
* a CSU/DSU device
a DTE device

20
Which of the following is true regarding CDP and the graphic shown?

CDP running on Router D will gather information about routers A, B, C, and E.

* By default, Router A will receive CDP advertisements from routers B and C.
If routers D and E are running different routing protocols, they will not exchange
CDP information.
Router E can use CDP to identify the IOS running on Router B.

21 Which two statements describe functions or characteristics of CDP? (Choose

two.)

* It starts up automatically and allows the device to detect directly connected

neighbor devices that use CDP.
It operates at the network layer and allows two systems to learn about each other.
It creates a topology map of the entire network.
* It allows systems to learn about each other even if different network layer
protocols are configured.
It forwards advertisements about routes for faster convergence.

22 Which piece of information is available from examining the output of the

command show ip interface brief?

Interface speed and duplex

Interface MTU
Errors
Interface MAC address
* Interface IP address

CCNA Exploration 4.0: Routing Protocols and Concepts – Chapter 3 Exam

Answers [100%]

1. Which two statements correctly describe the concepts of administrative distance and metric?
(Choose two.)
* Administrative distance refers to the trustworthiness of a particular route.
A router first installs routes with higher administrative distances.
The value of the administrative distance can not be altered by the network administrator.
* Routes with the smallest metric to a destination indicate the best path.
The metric is always determined based on hop count.
The metric varies depending which Layer 3 protocol is being routed, such as IP or IPX.
2.Refer to the exhibit. Which statement correctly describes how R1 will determine the best path
to R2?
R1 will install a RIP route using network A in its routing table because the administrative
distance of RIP is higher than EIGRP.
R1 will install a RIP route using network A in its routing table because the path cost from RIP is
lower than EIGRP.
* R1 will install an EIGRP route using network B in its routing table because the administrative
distance of EIGRP is lower than RIP.
R1 will install an EIGRP route using network B in its routing table because the path cost from
EIGRP is lower than RIP.
R1 will install an EIGRP route and a RIP route in its routing table and load balance between
them.
3. Which two statements are true regarding classless routing protocols? (Choose two.)
* sends subnet mask information in routing updates
sends complete routing table update to all neighbors
is supported by RIP version 1
* allows for use of both 192.168.1.0/30 and 192.168.1.16/28 subnets in the same topology
reduces the amount of address space available in an organization
4.Which command would the network administrator issue to determine if load balancing is in
effect on a router?
showip protocols
* show ip route
show ip interface brief
show ip interface
5.Which statement is true regarding routing protocols?
RIP uses hop count and bandwidth as the metric for path selection and sendsupdates periodically.
OSPF is a Cisco proprietary protocol that sends updates triggered by topology changes.
* EIGRP uses DUAL to calculate the shortest path and can be configured to do unequal cost load
balancing.
BGP is a path vector interior routing protocol.
6.Which two conditions would create a setting where the use of a distance-vector routing protocol
would be efficient? (Choose two.)
the network requires a special hierarchical design
fast convergence of the network is crucial
* the network is using a hub and spoke topology
* the network is using a flat design
there are more than 15 hops between the most distant routers
7.What is the purpose of a routing protocol?
It is used to build and maintain ARP tables.
It provides a method for segmenting and reassembling data packets.
It allows an administrator to devise an addressing scheme for the network.
* It allows a router to share information about known networks with other routers.
It provides a procedure for encoding and decoding data into bits for packet forwarding.
8.Which of the following best describes the operation of distance vector routing protocols?
They use hop count as their only metric.
They only send out updates when a new network is added.
* They send their routing tables to directly connected neighbors.
They flood the entire network with routing updates.
9.Which of the following is associated with link-state routing protocols?
low processor overhead
poison reverse
routing loops
split horizon
* shortest-path first calculations
10.Why is fast convergence desirable in networks that use dynamic routing protocols?
Routers will not allow packets to be forwarded until the network has converged.
Hosts are unable to access their gateway until the network has converged.
* Routers may make incorrect forwarding decisions until the network has converged.
Routers will not allow configuration changes to be made until the network has converged.
11.Which of the following conditions must be met in order for a network to have converged?
The routers in the network are operating with dynamic routing protocols.
The routers in the network are operating with compatible versions of IOS.
The routers in the network are operating with the same routing tables.
* The routers in the network are operating with consistent routing knowledge.
12.Which two statements are true regarding metrics? (Choose two.)
RIP uses bandwidth as a metric.
OSPF uses delay as a metric.
* EIGRP uses bandwidth as a metric.
* OSPF uses cost based on bandwidth as a metric.
RIP uses delay as a metric.
EIGRP uses hop count only as a metric.
13.Which two statements are true regarding the advantages of the use of static routes? (Choose
two).
* increased security
reduced effort in configuring routes
* the administrator maintains control over routing
easier to implement in a growing network
reduces the chance of routing errors
increased router resource usage
14.The following line of code is displayed in a routing table:
R 209.165.201.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.252.2, 00:00:16, S0/0/0
What can be concluded from this output?
A packet destined for host 192.168.252.2 will be forwarded out the interface connected to
network 209.165.201.0/24.
* The value, 120, is used to determine the best path when a router has more than one routing
protocol configured for the same destination network.
This route was manually configured using the ip route command.
192.168.252.2 is an interface on the router that produced this output.
15.What will be the result of the following commands?
ORL(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0
ORL(config-if)# ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0
ORL(config-if)# no shutdown
The 172.16.3.0 network will be routed by any dynamic routing protocol automatically.
* A routing table entry is made to the 172.16.3.0 network with a code of “C”.
A static route is required to route traffic to the 172.16.3.0 network.
The commands will be saved to the startup-configuration
16.An engineer creates a static route by entering the Router(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0
255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 command. What can be concluded about this route?
* The administrative distance of this route is 1.
192.168.1.2 is the address of an interface on this router.
This route will display as a directly connected network in the routing table.
Packets with a destination IP address of 192.168.1.2 will be forwarded to the 10.0.0.0/24 network
first.
17.Refer to the exhibit. Router1 and Router2 are running EIGRP. All interfaces are operational
and packets can be forwarded between all networks. What information will be found in the
routing table for Router1?
Router1 will have 6 directly connected networks.
* The administrative distance of the route to network 172.16.0.0 will be 90.
The metric for routes to 172.16.0.0 will be 1.
The interface that is used to forward packets to 172.16.0.0 will always be the S0/1 interface.
18. The following line of code is present in the routing table:
O 10.16.1.0/27 [110/129] via 192.168.1.5, 00:00:05, Serial0/0/1
What does the number 129 indicate in this output?
* The cost for this link has a value of 129.
The clock rate on this serial interface is set to 129,000.
The next-hop router is 129 hops away from this router.
This route has been updated 129 times in this routing table.
19.A growing medium-sized manufacturing company recently began to have routing instability
issues. The company uses static routes and has a mixture of over 30 Cisco and non-Cisco routers.
The network administrator has decided to convert the network to dynamic routing. What
characteristics of protocols should be considered in this selection process?
Distance vector routing protocols, such as RIP, converge more quickly than do link-state routing
protocols.
EIGRP can be used on all of the routers in the company.
* OSPF can be used between the routers.
An exterior routing protocol, such as BGP, is recommended for growing companies.
20.Refer to the exhibit. If RIP is the routing protocol, what is the value of the metric from router
A to network 192.168.5.0/24?
*3
4
56
624
724
21.A router learns two paths with equal metrics to a destination network via the RIP routing
protocol. How will the router handle packets to the destination network?
The router will install the first route it learned into the routing table.
* The router will install both routes in the routing table and load balance between the two.
The router will put the first route in the routing table, and denote the second route as a backup
route.
The router will pick the path with the higher bandwidth and will place it in the routing table

22.When multiple routing protocols have a route to the same destination network, what
determines which route is installed in the routing table?
best metric
lowest hop count
greatest available bandwidth
-- > lowest administrative distance
lowest cost

CCNA 2 V.4 Exploration - Chapter 4

Chapter 4 - Module Answer

1. Which event will cause a triggered update?

--> a route is installed in the routing table

2. Three routers running a distance-vector routing protocol lost all power, including
the battery backups. When the routers reload, what will happen?
--> They will send updates that include only directly connected routes to their directly
connected neighbors.

3. What does the RIP holddown timer do?

--> instructs routers to ignore updates, for a specified time or event, about possible
inaccessible routes
4. Which two statements are true regarding the function of the RIPv1 routing updates?
(Choose two).
-->updates are broadcast at regular intervals
-->broadcasts are sent to 255.255.255.255

5. Which of the following statements are correct about RIP?

-->will send out an update if there is a failure of a link

6. Which two statements describe EIGRP? (Choose two.)

-->EIGRP sends triggered updates whenever there is a change in topology that influences the
routing information.

--> EIGRP sends a partial routing table update, which includes just routes that have been
changed.

7. Which statement is true regarding cisco’s RIP_JITTER variable?

-->It prevents the synchronization of routing updates by subtracting a random length of time
ranging from 0% to 15% of the specified interval time from the next routing update interval.

8.What actions will occur after RouterA loses connectivity to network 114.125.16.0? (Choose
two.)

-->RouterB will include network 123.92.76.0 and 136.125.85.0 in its update to RouterA.

--> Router C will learn of the loss of connectivity to network 114.125.16.0 from RouterB.

9. Which of the following methods does split horizon use to reduce incorrect routing
information?

-->Information learned from one source is not distributed back to that source.

10. The graphic shows a network that is configured to use RIP routing protocol. Router2
detects that the link to Router1 has gone down. It then advertises the network for this link
with a hop count metric of 16. Which routing loop prevention mechanism is in effect?
-->route poisoning

11. What is the purpose of the TTL field in the IP header?

-->limits the time or hops that a packet can traverse through the network before it should be
discarded

12. Which of the following can exist in a distance vector network that has not converged?
(Choose three.)

-->routing loops

--> inconsistent traffic forwarding

--> inconsistent routing table entries

13. Refer to the exhibit. The routers in this network are running RIP. Router A has not
received an update from Router B in over three minutes. How will Router A respond?

-->The Invalid timer will mark the route as unusable if an update has not been received in 180
seconds.

14. A network administrator is evaluating RIP versus EIGRP for a new network. The network
will be sensitive to congestion and must respond quickly to topology changes. What are two
good reasons to choose EIGRP instead of RIP in this case? (Choose two.)

-->EIGRP only updates affected neighbors.

-->EIGRP updates are partial.

15. Refer to the exhibit. What path will packets from the 192.168.1.0/24 network travel to
reach the 10.0.0.0/8 network if RIP is the active routing protocol?

--> The path will be router A -> router D -> router E.

16. Which three routing protocols are distance vector routing protocols? (Choose three).

--> RIPv1

--> EIGRP

--> RIPv2

17. What is a routing loop?

-->a condition where a packet is constantly transmitted within a series of routers without ever
reaching its intended destination

18. Which two conditions are most likely to cause a routing loop? (Choose two.)

--> inconsistent routing tables

--> incorrectly configured static routes

19. What metric does the RIP routing protocol consider to be infinity?

--> 16

20. What does a router running RIP do first with a new route that is received from an
advertisement?

--> adjusts the metric for the new route to show the added distance for the route

21. Refer to the exhibit. If all routers are using RIP, how many rounds of updates will occur
before all routers know all networks?

--> 3
Take Assessment - ERouting Chapter 5 - CCNA Exploration (Version 4.0)
1

Refer to the exhibit. What can be concluded from the routing table output of router B?
A static default route has been configured on B.
The default-information originate command has been entered on A.
All traffic that is destined for 192.168.1.1 will be sent to address 0.0.0.0.
Hosts on the 10.16.1.0/27 network have 192.168.1.1 configured as the default gateway address.
2

Refer to the exhibit. All routers in the exhibit are running RIP v1. The network administrator
issues the show ip route command on router A. What routes would appear in the routing table
output if the network is converged? (Choose two).
R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1]
C 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1]
R 10.10.3.0/24 [120/0]
C 10.10.3.0/24 [120/1]
R 10.10.1.0/24 [120/2]
R 10.10.1.0/24 [120/3]
3 Which command will display RIP activity as it occurs on a router?
debug ip rip
show ip route
show ip interface
show ip protocols
debug ip rip config
show ip rip database
4

Refer to the output from the show ip route command. What can be concluded from the output of
this router command?
A preferred route to the destination has not been set.
There are two equal cost paths to network 1.0.0.0.
Both interfaces are being used equally to route traffic.
A variance must be set to load-balance across multiple paths.
5

Refer to the exhibit. All routers that are shown are running the RIP routing protocol. All
unknown IP traffic must be forwarded to the ISP. What router or set of routers are recommended
to have both a default route and the default-information originate command issued to implement
this forwarding policy?
only Router1
only the gateway router
all routers in the network
only the routers with LANs needing Internet access
6 Which command or set of commands will stop the RIP routing process?
RouterB(config)# router rip
RouterB(config-router)# shutdown
RouterB(config)# router rip
RouterB(config-router)# network no 192.168.2.0
RouterB(config)# no router rip
RouterB(config)# router no rip
7

Refer to the exhibit. All routers are configured with valid interface addresses in the indicated
networks and are running RIPv1. The network is converged. Which routes are present in the
routing tables?
All routers have all routes in their routing table.
All routers have all /30 routes, but do not have /24 routes in their routing table.
All routers have all /30 routes. Routers A and E also have some of the /24 routes in their
routing table.
All routers have all /30 routes. Routers B and D also have some of the /24 routes in their routing
table.
Routers A and E have all routes. Routers B and D have only /30 routes in their routing table.
Routers A and E have only /24 routes. Routers B and D have only /30 routes in their routing
table.
8

Which of the following would be the correct command sequence to enable RIP on Router B for
all connected networks?
RouterB# router rip
RouterB(router)# network 210.36.7.0
RouterB(router)# network 220.17.29.0
RouterB(router)# network 211.168.74.0
RouterB(config)# router rip
RouterB(config-router)# network 198.16.4.0
RouterB(config-router)# network 211.168.74.0
RouterB(config-router)# network 199.84.32.0
RouterB(config)# configure router rip
RouterB(config-router)# network 210.36.7.0
RouterB(config-router)# network 199.84.32.0
RouterB(config-router)# network 211.168.74.0
RouterB(config)# router rip
RouterB(config-router)# network 198.16.4.0
RouterB(config-router)# network 210.36.7.0
RouterB(config-router)# network 211.168.74.0
RouterB(config)# router rip
RouterB(config-router)# network 198.16.4.0
RouterB(config-router)# network 210.36.7.0
RouterB(config-router)# network 220.17.29.0
9 Which of the following is considered a limitation of RIP v1?
RIP v1 does not send subnet mask information in its updates.
RIP v1 is not widely supported by networking hardware vendors.
RIP v1 consumes excessive bandwidth by multicasting routing updates using a Class D address.
RIP v1 requires enhanced router processors and extra RAM to function effectively.
RIP v1 does not support load balancing across equal-cost paths.
RIP v1 authentication is complicated and time-consuming to configure.
10 What will happen if an interface IP address is entered for the address portion of the network
command in a RIPv1 configuration instead of a network address?
The router will reject the command.
A route to the host address will be added to outgoing RIP updates.
A route to the host address will be added to the routing table.
All interfaces in the same classful network as the configured address will be included in the
RIPv1 routing process.
11 The following line was displayed in the output of the show ip route command.
R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/3] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:30, Serial0/0
What is the value of the routing metric?
3
12
20
30
120
12

Refer to the exhibit. The Ethernet interface on Router2 goes down and the administrator notices
that the route is still valid in the routing table of Router1. How much longer will it take for
Router1 to mark the route invalid by setting the metric to 16?
30 seconds
90 seconds
155 seconds
180 seconds
255 seconds
13

Refer to the exhibit. A network consists of multiple routers. What can be verified when the show
ip protocols command is issued on one of the routers in the network?
whether all routes in the network have been properly added to the routing table
routing protocol configuration in use for IP on this router
operational status of routing protocols in use on all routers in the network
routing metric of each network that is listed in the routing table
14 What are three characteristics of the RIPv1 routing protocol? (Choose three.)
supports the use of VLSM
uses hop count as a metric
considers a metric of 16 as infinity
has an administrative distance of 110 by default
includes the destination IP address and subnet mask in routing updates
calculates metrics using the Bellman Ford algorithm
15

Refer to the exhibit. Router1 is running RIPv1. What command was entered into Router1 to
configure the gateway of last resort?
no auto-summary
ip default-network 0.0.0.0
ip default-gateway 10.0.0.0
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 S0/0/1
16 What is the default update period in seconds for the RIP routing protocol?
10
12
15
20
30
60
17

Refer to the exhibit. Router1 and Router2 are running the RIPv1 protocol. The network
administrator configures the command network 10.1.0.0 on Router1. What network will Router1
advertise to Router2?
10.1.0.0/16
10.1.0.0/8
10.0.0.0/16
10.0.0.0/8
18 Which two statements are true regarding the characteristics of RIPv1? (Choose two).
It is a distance vector routing protocol.
It advertises the address and subnet mask for routes in routing updates.
The data portion of a RIP message is encapsulated into a TCP segment.
The data portion of a RIP message is encapsulated into a UDP segment.
It broadcasts updates every 15 seconds.
It allows a maximum of 15 routers in the routing domain.
19 Refer to the exhibit. The network that is shown is running RIPv1. The
192.168.10.0/24 network was recently added and will only contain end users.
What command or set of commands should be entered on Router1 to prevent
RIPv1 updates from being sent to the end user devices on the new network
while still allowing this new network to be advertised to other routers?
Router1(config-router)# no router rip
Router1(config-router)# network 192.168.10.0
Router1(config-router)# no network 192.168.10.0
Router1(config-router)# passive-interface fastethernet 0/0
Router1(config-router)# passive-interface serial 0/0/0
21.Refer to the exhibit. RIPv1 is running on all three routers. All interfaces have
been correctly configured with addresses in the address ranges that are shown.
Which route would you see in the routing table on router CHI if the routers are
configured with the commands that are displayed in the exhibit?

192.168.0.4/30 192.168.0.0/24 192.168.0.0/16 192.168.0.32/27

Erouting v4.0 Chapter 6

Expect minimum percentage: 100%

1. Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator wants to create a subnet for the point-to-point
connection between the two routers. Which subnetwork mask would provide enough addresses
for the point-to-point link with the least number of wasted addresses?
ans:
255.255.255.252

2. An additional subnet is required for a new Ethernet link between Router1 and Router2 as
shown in the diagram. Which of the following subnet addresses can be configured in this network
to provide a maximum of 14 useable addresses for this link while wasting the fewest addresses?
ans:
192.1.1.224/28

3. Refer to the exhibit. A network engineer is summarizing the two groups of routes on router R1
shown in the exhibit. Which summarization will work for all the subnets?
ans:
192.168.0.0/21

4. What is a supernet?
ans:
a summarization of serveral IP classful networks into one IP address range

5. In the network shown in the graphic, three bits were borrowed from the host portion of a Class
C address. How many valid host addresses will be unused on the three point-to-point links
combined if VLSM is not used?
ans:
84

6. What does VLSM allow a network administrator to do?

ans:
utilize multiple subnet masks in the same IP address space
7. Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator wants to minimize the number of entries in
Router1’s routing table. What should the administrator implement on the network?
ans:
CIDR

8. Refer to the exhibit. A network technician enters the static route in R1 needed to reach network
10.1.1.0/24. A ping from the S0/0/0 interface on R1 to host B fails. The technician begins testing
the network and has the following results:
1. pings from R1 to the S0/0/0 interface on R2....successful
2. pings from R1 to the Fa0/0 interface on R2....successful
3. pings from host B to hosts on the 10.1.1.0/24 network....successful
4. pings from host B to the Fa0/0 interface on R2....successful
5. pings from R2 to host B....successful.
What is the likely cause of the failure of the ping from R1 to host B?
ans:
The default gateway on host B is not correctly set.

9. Which three interior routing protocols support VLSM? (Choose three.)

ans:
OSPF
RIP v2
EIGRP

10. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator needs to create two subnetworks from
10.0.0.0/8 for a router running RIPv2. The Admin subnet requires 120 hosts and the Sales subnet
requires 58 hosts. The network administrator assigned 10.0.1.128/25 to the Admin subnet. The
Sales subnet is given 10.0.1.192/26. What will be the result of this addressing scheme?
ans:
The subnets overlap and will be rejected by the router.

11. Which of the following are contained in the routing updates of classless routing protocols?
(Choose two.)
ans:
32-bit address
subnet mask

12. A Class C address has been assigned for use in the network shown in the graphic. Using
VLSM, which bit mask should be used to provide for the number of host addresses required on
Router A, while wasting the fewest addresses?
ans:
/27

13. Refer to the exhibit. The number of required host addresses for each subnet in a network is
listed in the exhibit. This number includes the host address requirements for all router ports and
hosts on that subnet. After all device and router port address assignments are determined, what
will be the total number of unused host addresses available?
ans:
29

14. What two advantages does CIDR provide to a network? (Choose two.)
ans:
reduced routing table size
reduced routing update traffic

15. A network administrator is tasked with dividing up a class C network among the QA, Sales,
and Administration departments. The QA department is made up of 10 people, the Sales is made
up of 28 people, and the Administration has 6. Which two subnets masks adequately address the
QA and Sales departments? (Choose two.)
ans:
255.255.255.224 for Sales
255.255.255.240 for QA

16. Refer to the exhibit. In the network that is shown, the router interfaces are assigned the first
address in each subnet. Which IP address would be usable for a host on one of the LANs in this
network?
ans:
192.168.2.130/25

17. Refer to the exhibit. Which address is a broadcast address for one of the subnets that are
shown in the exhibit?
ans:
192.168.4.15/29

18. Refer to the exhibit. What subnet mask will be applied by router B when it receives a RIPv1
update for the network 172.16.1.0?
ans:
24

19. Which of the following problems does VLSM help to alleviate?

ans:
the shortage of IP addresses

20. A router has a summary route to network 192.168.32.0/20 installed in its routing table. What
range of networks are summarized by this route?
ans:
192.168.32.0 – 192.168.47.0/24

ERouting v4.0 Final Pattern 2

1. Which of the following are primary functions of a router? (Choose two.)
ans:
packet switching
path selection

2. Refer to the exhibit. Pings are failing between HostA and HostB. The network administrator
discovers that Router1 does not have a route to the 172.16.0.0 network. Assuming Router2 is
configured correctly, which two static routes could be configured on Router1 to enable Host A to
reach network 172.16.0.0? (Choose two.)
ans:
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.0.2

3. Refer to exhibit. Given the topology shown in the exhibit, what three commands are needed to
configure EIGRP on the Paris router? (Choose three.)
ans:
Paris(config)# router eigrp 100
Paris(config-router)# network 192.168.7.0
Paris(config-router)# network 192.168.8.0

4. Refer to the exhibit. A packet enters Router1 with a destination IP of 172.16.28.121. Which
routing table entry will be used to forward this packet to the destination address?
ans:
172.16.16.0/20 [1/0] via 192.168.0.17

5. Refer to the exhibit. Which statement is true concerning the routing configuration?
ans:
Packets routed to the R2 Fast Ethernet interface require two routing table lookups.

6. Refer to the exhibit. Packets destined to which two networks will require the router to perform
a recursive lookup? (Choose two.)
ans:
10.0.0.0/8
192.168.2.0/24

7. Refer to the exhibit. The network is using the RIPv2 routing protocol. If network 10.0.0.0 goes
down, what mechanism will prevent Router1 from advertising false routing information back to
Router2?
ans:
split horizon

8. Refer to the exhibit. When troubleshooting a network, it is important to interpret the output of
various router commands. On the basis of the exhibit, which three statements are true? (Choose
three.)
ans:
The missing information for Blank 1 is the command show ip route.
The missing information for Blank 2 is the number 120.
The missing information for Blank 3 is the letter C.

9. The network administrator configures the router with the ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0
172.16.2.2 command. How will this route appear in the routing table?
ans:
S 172.16.1.0 [1/0] via 172.16.2.2
10. Refer to the exhibit. Which three statements are true of the routing table for Router1?
(Choose three.)
ans:
The AD of EIGRP routes has been manually changed to a value other than the default value.
Router1 is running both the EIGRP and OSPF routing process.
No default route has been configured.

11. The network shown in the diagram is having problems routing traffic. It is suspected that the
problem is with the addressing scheme. What is the problem with the addressing used in the
topology?
ans:
The subnetwork configured on the serial link between Router1 and Router2 overlaps with the
subnetwork assigned to Ethernet0 of Router3.

12. What is the purpose of the TTL field within an IP packet header?
ans:
limits the period of time or number of hops a packet can traverse through the network before it
should be discarded

13. Refer to the exhibit. When the show cdp neighbors command is issued from router C, which
devices will be displayed in the output?
ans:
B, D

14. Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator issues the command no ip classless on
Router1. What forwarding action will take place on a packet that is received by Router1 and is
destined for host 192.168.0.26?
ans:
The packet will be dropped.

15. Refer to the exhibit. The network is running the RIP routing protocol. Network 10.0.0.0 goes
down. Which statement is true regarding how the routers in this topology will respond to this
event?
ans:
Router5 will send Router4 a triggered update with a metric of 16 for network 10.0.0.0.

16. The Suffolk router is directly connected to the networks shown in the graphic and has a
default route that points to the Richmond router. All interfaces are active and properly addressed.
However, when the workstation on network 172.29.5.0/24 sends a packet to destination address
172.29.198.5, it is discarded by the Suffolk router. What can be a reason for this result?
ans:
The route was ignored if the Richmond router did not include the 172.29.198.0/24 network in its
routing updates.

17. Refer to the exhibit. Which two statements are true based on the exhibited output? (Choose
two.)
ans:
The serial interface between the two routers is down.
The show ipeigrp topology command has been run on R1.

18. Refer to the exhibit. All routers in the network are running RIPv2 and EIGRP with default
routing protocol settings and have interfaces configured with the bandwidths that are shown in
the exhibit. Which protocol will be used and how will traffic between the Router1 LAN and
Router5 LAN be routed through the network?
ans:
RIPv2 traffic will use the path Router1, Router2, Router5 because it has the least hops.

19. Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator is testing network connectivity by issuing the
tracert command from host A to host B. Given the exhibited output on host A, what are two
possible routing table issues on the network? (Choose two.)
ans:
Router2 is missing a route to the 172.16.0.0 network
Router3 is missing a route to the 10.0.0.0 network

20. What are two switching functions of a router? (Choose two.)

ans:
The router encapsulates the packet in the appropriate data link frame type for the outgoing data
link.
The router determines the exit interface after data encapsulation.

21. Refer to the exhibit. The routers in the exhibit are running the EIGRP routing protocol. What
statement is true regarding how packets will travel from the 172.16.1.0/16 network to the
192.168.200.0/24 network?
ans:
The router installs all the equal cost paths in the routing table and performs equal cost load
balancing to send packets out multiple exit interfaces.

22. When presented with multiple valid routes to a destination, what criteria does a router use to
determine which routes to add to the routing table?
ans:
The router first selects routes with the lowest administrative distance. The resulting routes are
then prioritized by metric and the routes with the best metric are added to the routing table.

23. Which two router component and operation pair are correctly described? (Choose two.)
ans:
NVRAM - stores the configuration file
POST - runs diagnostics on hardware modules

24. Refer to the exhibit. What are the effects of the exhibited commands on the router?
ans:
Only the enable password is encrypted.

25. Refer to the exhibit. Routers 1 and 2 are directly connected over a serial link. Pings are failing
between the two routers. What change by the administrator will correct the problem?
ans:
Change the IP address on Serial 0/1/0 on router 2 to 192.168.0.1/30.
26. Which three statements about routing protocols are true? (Choose three.)
ans:
EIGRP supports unequal cost load balancing.
OSPF elects designated routers on multiaccess links.
RIP does not advertise a route beyond a hop count of 15.

27. What is the first step OSPF and IS-IS routers take in building a shortest path first database?
ans:
send hello to discover neighbors and form adjacencies

28. What are two tasks that must be completed before two routers can use OSPF to form a
neighbor adjacency? (Choose two.)
ans:
The routers must agree on the network type.
The routers must use the same dead interval.

29. Refer to the exhibit. R1 knows two routes, Path A and Path B, to the Ethernet network
attached to R3. R1 learned Path A to network 10.2.0.0/16 from a static route and Path B to
network 10.2.0.0/16 from EIGRP. Which route will R1 install in its routing table?
ans:
The route via Path A is installed because the static route has the lowest administrative distance to
network 10.2.0.0/16.

30. Refer to the exhibit. A new PC was deployed in the Sales network. It was given the host
address of 192.168.10.31 with a default gateway of 192.168.10.17. The PC is not communicating
with the network properly. What is the cause?
ans:
192.168.10.31 is the broadcast address for this subnet.

31. Refer to the exhibit. Which two routes are child routes? (Choose two.)
ans:
10.0.0.0
10.1.2.0

32. Refer to the exhibit. The results of the show ip route command are displayed in the graphic
for Router R2. Which route will be selected for a packet with a destination address of 10.1.4.1?
ans:
route to 10.1.0.0/23

33. Refer to the routing table shown in the exhibit. What is the meaning of the highlighted value
192?
ans:
It is the metric, which is cost.

34. Refer to the exhibit. All router interfaces are configured with an IP address and are
operational. If no routing protocols or static routes are configured, what information will be
included in the show ip route command output for router A?
ans:
Routes to networks 192.168.1.0/24, 192.168.2.0/24, and 192.168.3.0/24 will be in the routing
table.

35. A router has learned about a network through static and dynamic routing processes. Which
route will be used to reach network 192.168.168.0?
ans:
S 192.168.168.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.200.1

36. What does RIP use to reduce convergence time in a larger network?
ans:
It uses triggered updates to announce network changes if they happen in between the periodic
updates.

37. Which three statements are true regarding the encapsulation and de-encapsulation of packets
when traveling through a router? (Choose three.)
ans:
The router modifies the TTL field, decrementing it by one.
The router maintains the same source and destination IP.
The router changes the source physical address to the physical address of the exit interface.

38. A network administrator has enabled RIP on routers B and C in the network diagram. Which
of the following commands will prevent RIP updates from being sent to Router A?
ans:
B(config)# router rip
B(config-router)# passive-interface S0/0

39. Using default settings, what is the next step in the router boot sequence after the IOS loads
from flash?
ans:
Locate and load the startup-config file from NVRAM.

40. Refer to exhibit. A company network engineer enters the following commands in the routers:

R1(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2

R2(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1

When the engineer enters the show ip route command on R1, the routing table does not display
the static route to the 10.1.1.0 network. All R1 and R2 interfaces are correctly addressed per the
graphic. What is a logical next step that the engineer could take in order to make the static route
display in the routing table in R1?
ans:
Enable the R1 and R2 serial interfaces.

41. What should be considered when troubleshooting a problem with the establishment of
neighbor relationships between OSPF routers? (Choose two.)
ans:
OSPF interval timers mismatch
interface network type mismatch

42. Refer to the exhibit. What summary address can Router2 advertise to Router1 to reach the
three networks on Routers 3, 4, and 5 without advertising any public address space or
overlapping the networks on Router1?
ans:
172.16.0.0/13

43. What command would the network administrator apply to a router that is running OSPF to
advertise the entire range of addresses included in 172.16.0.0/19 in area 0?
ans:
R1(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0 0.0.31.255 area 0

44. Refer to the exhibit. Which path will traffic from the 172.16.1.0/24 network take to get to the
10.0.0.0/24 network?
ans:
It will load balance the traffic between ADC and ABC

45. What is the function of the OSPF LSU packet?

ans:
used to announce new OSPF information and to reply to certain types of requests

46. Which statement is true regarding routing metrics?

ans:
Routers compare metrics to determine the best route.

47. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is trying to determine why router JAX has no
OSPF routes in its routing table. All routers are configured for OSPF area 0. From the JAX
router, the administrator is able to ping its connected interfaces and the Fa0/1 interface of the
ORL router but no other router interfaces. What is a logical step that the network administrator
should take to troubleshoot the problem?
ans";
Use show and debug commands to determine if hellos are propagating.

48. Which two statements are correct about the split horizon with poison reverse method of
routing loop prevention? (Choose two.)
ans:
It assigns a value that represents an infinite metric to the poisoned route.
It sends back the poisoned route update to the same interface from where it was received.

49.
Which three statements describe the operation of routing with EIGRP? (Choose three.)
ans:
As new neighbors are discovered, entries are placed in a neighbor table.
If hello packets are not received within the hold time, DUAL must recalculate the topology.

50. Which two statements are true regarding link-state routing protocols? (Choose two.)
ans:
They are aware of the complete network topology.
They offer rapid convergence times in large networks.

51.
What are three features of CDP? (Choose three.)
ans:
tests Layer 2 connectivity
enabled by default on each interface
provides information on directly connected devices that have CDP enabled

52. Refer to the exhibit. Hosts on the BOS Fa0/0 LAN are able to ping the Fa0/1 interface on the
JAX router and all interfaces on the BOS and ORL routers. Why would hosts from the
10.0.0.0/24 network not be able to ping hosts on the Fa0/0 LAN of the JAX router?
ans:
The JAX router needs the network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 command.

53. Which of the following are required when adding a network to the OSPF routing process
configuration? (Choose three.)
ans:
network address
wildcard mask
area ID

54. Refer to the exhibit. What is the most efficient summarization of the routes attached to router
R1?
ans:
198.18.48.0/21

55. A network administrator has configured a default route on Router_A but it is not being shared
with adjacent Router_B and the other routers in the OSPF area. Which command will save the
administrator the time and trouble of configuring this default route on Router_B and all of the
other routers in the OSPF area?
ans:
Router_A(config-router)# ipospf update-default

56. What can be determined from the output shown in the exhibit? (Choose two.)
ans:
Montgomery has Layer 2 connectivity with Cumberland.
Brant, Fisherman, and Potomac are directly connected to Montgomery.

57. Refer to the exhibit. What will happen if interface Serial0/0/1 goes down on Router1?
ans:
DUAL will query neighbors for a route to network 192.168.1.0.

58. Which of the following could describe the devices labeled "?" in the graphic? (Choose three.)
ans:
DCE
CSU/DSU
modem

59. Refer to the exhibit. How many routes are both level 1 and qualify for use as an ultimate
route?
ans:
2

ERouting v4.0 Final Pattern 1

Expect minimum percentage: 94.8%

1. Refer to the exhibit. All routers are running the same routing protocol. Based on the exhibit
and its displayed commands, which statement is true?
ans:
The link to the ISP is not advertised by the routing protocol process.

2. Refer to the exhibit. While trying to diagnose a routing problem in the network, the network
administrator runs the debug ip rip command. What can be determined from the output of this
command?
ans:
The router is not originating routes for 172.16.1.0.

3. Refer to the exhibit. Two routers are unable to establish an adjacency. What is the possible
cause for this?
ans:
The hello and dead intervals are different on the two routers.

4. Refer to the exhibit. Routers R1 and R2 are directly connected via their serial interfaces and
are both running the EIGRP routing protocol. R1 and R2 can ping the directly connected serial
interface of their neighbor, but they cannot form an EIGRP neighbor adjacency.
ans:
Configure both routers with the same EIGRP process ID.

5. Refer to the exhibit. Routers R1 and R3 use different routing protocols with default
administrative distance values. All devices are properly configured and the destination network is
advertised by both protocols.

Which path will be used to transmit the data packets from PC1 to PC2?
ans:
The packets will travel via R2-R1.

6. Refer to the exhibit. What is the meaning of the highlighted value 2?

ans:
It is the number of hops between R2 and the 192.168.8.0/24 network.

7. What is the function of the OSPF LSR packet?

ans:
It is used by the receiving routers to request more information about any entry in the DBD.

8. Which three statements are true regarding the encapsulation and de-encapsulation of packets
when traveling through a router? (Choose three.)
ans:
The router modifies the TTL field, decrementing it by one.
The router maintains the same source and destination IP.
The router changes the source physical address to the physical address of the exit interface.

9. Refer to the exhibit. The routers are properly configured using a dynamic routing protocol with
default settings, and the network is fully converged. Router A is forwarding data to router E.
Which statement is true about the routing path?
ans:
If the network uses the RIP protocol, router A will determine that all paths have equal cost.

10. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has run the show interface command. The
output of this command is displayed. What is the first step that is required to make this interface
operational?
ans:
Issue the no shutdown command on the interface.

11. Refer to the exhibit. Both routers are using the RIPv2 routing protocol and static routes are
undefined. R1 can ping 192.168.2.1 and 10.1.1.2, but is unable to ping 192.168.4.1.

What is the reason for the ping failure?

ans:
The 192.168.4.0 network is not included in the RIP configuration of R2.

12. Refer to the exhibit. R2 is configured correctly. The network administrator has configured R1
as shown. Which two facts are true about the forwarding of route information by R1? (Choose
two.)
ans:
R1 will forward the route information for subnet 192.168.100.0/30.
R1 will forward the route information with an administrative distance set to 50.

13. Refer to the exhibit. The network has three connected routers: R1, R2, and R3. The routes of
all three routers are displayed. All routers are operational and pings are not blocked on this
network.

Which ping will fail?

ans:
from R1 to 192.168.3.1

14. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has configured R1 as shown, and all interfaces
are functioning correctly. A ping from R1 to 172.16.1.1 fails. What could be the cause of this
problem?
ans:
The default route is configured incorrectly.

15. Which two router component and operation pair are correctly described? (Choose two.)
ans:
NVRAM - stores the configuration file
POST - runs diagnostics on hardware modules

16. A network administrator uses the RIP routing protocol to implement routing within an
autonomous system. What are two characteristics of this protocol? (Choose two.)
ans:
It uses the Bellman-Ford algorithm to determine the best path.
It periodically sends complete routing tables to all connected devices.

17. Refer to the exhibit. Host A is unable to access the Internet. What is the reason for this?
ans:
The Fa0/1 interfaces of the two routers are configured for different subnets.

18. Refer to the exhibit. All interfaces are addressed and functioning correctly. The network
administrator runs the tracert command on host A. Which two facts could be responsible for the
output of this command? (Choose two.)
ans:
The entry for 192.168.2.0/24 is missing from the routing table of R1.
The entry for 192.168.1.0/24 is missing from the routing table of R2.

19. What are two functions of a router? (Choose two.)

ans:
It forwards data packets toward their destination.
It acts as an intersection between multiple IP networks.

20. Which statement is true about the RIPv1 protocol?

ans:
It excludes subnet information from the routing updates.

21. Refer to the exhibit. To implement the RIPv2 protocol, the network administrator runs the
commands as displayed. However, the show ip protocol command fails to display any output.
How can the administrator solve the problem that is indicated by the lack of output from this
command?
ans:
Specify the network for which RIP routing has to be enabled.

22. Refer to the exhibit. An administrator is adding a new subnet of 50 hosts to R3. Which subnet
address should be used for the new subnet that provides enough addresses while wasting a
minimum of addresses?
ans:
192.168.1.64/26

23. Refer to the exhibit. R1 and R2 are unable to establish an adjacency. What two configuration
changes will correct the problem? (Choose two.)
ans:
Configure the routers in the same area.
Match the hello and dead timers on both routers.

24. What two routing protocols use a hierarchal network topology? (Choose two.)
ans:
IS-IS
OSPF

25. Refer to the exhibit. Router R2 is configured properly and all interfaces are functional. Router
R1 has been installed recently. Host A is unable to ping host B.

Which procedure can resolve this problem?

ans:
Configure a static route on R1 using the IP address of S0/0/0 on R2.

26. All routers in a network are configured in a single OSPF area with the same priority value.
No loopback interface has been set on any of the routers. Which secondary value will the routers
use to determine the router ID?
ans:
The highest IP address among the active interfaces will be used.

27. Which two statements are true for link-state routing protocols? (Choose two.)
ans:
Routers that run a link-state protocol can establish a complete topology of the network.
The shortest path first algorithm is used.

28. A router boots and enters setup mode. What is the reason for this?
ans:
The configuration file is missing from NVRAM.

29. Refer to the exhibit. The show cdp neighbors command was run at R1. Which two facts about
the newly detected device can be determined from the output? (Choose two.)
ans:
ABCD is a router that is connected to R1.
The device is connected at the Serial0/0/1 interface of R1.

30. What are two tasks that must be completed before two routers can use OSPF to form a
neighbor adjacency? (Choose two.)
ans:
The routers must agree on the network type.
The routers must use the same dead interval.

31. Refer to the exhibit. A ping between host A and host B is successful, but pings from host A to
operational hosts on the Internet fail. What is the reason for this problem?
ans:
One of the default routes is configured incorrectly.
32. What two routing protocols will produce a shortest path first tree? (Choose two.)
ans:
IS-IS
OSPF

33. Refer to the exhibit. Which three statements are true of the routing table for Router1?
(Choose three.)
ans:
The AD of EIGRP routes has been manually changed to a value other than the default value.
Router1 is running both the EIGRP and OSPF routing process.
No default route has been configured.

34. Refer to the exhibit. What action will R2 take for a packet that is destined for 192.168.2.0?
ans:
It will forward the packet to R1.

35. Refer to the exhibit. A router learns a route to the 192.168.6.0 network, as shown in the
output of the show ip rip database command. However, upon running the show ip route
command, the network administrator sees that the router has installed a different route to the
192.168.6.0 network learned via EIGRP. What could be the reason for the missing RIP route?
ans:
Compared to RIP, EIGRP has a lower administrative distance.

36. Which two components are used to determine the router ID in the configuration of the OSPF
routing process? (Choose two.)
ans:
the highest IP address of any logical interface
the highest IP address of any physical interface

37. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is accessing router R1 from the console port.
Once the administrator is connected to the router, which password should the administrator enter
at the R1> prompt to access the privileged EXEC mode?
ans:
Cisco789

38. Which routing protocol maintains a topology table separate from the routing table?
ans:
EIGRP

39. Refer to the exhibit. Which summarization should R1 use to advertise its networks to R2?
ans:
192.168.0.0/22

40. Refer to the exhibit. All routers are running RIPv1. The two networks 10.1.1.0/29 and
10.1.1.16/29 are unable to access each other. What can be the cause of this problem?
ans:
RIPv1 does not support discontiguous networks.
41. Refer to the exhibit. All routers are properly configured to use the EIGRP routing protocol
with default settings, and the network is fully converged. Which statement correctly describes the
path that the traffic will use from the 10.1.1.0/24 network to the 10.1.2.0/24 network?
ans:
The traffic will be load-balanced between A-B-D and A-C-D.

42. A network administrator has enabled RIP on routers B and C in the network diagram. Which
of the following commands will prevent RIP updates from being sent to Router A?
ans:
B(config)# router rip
B(config-router)# passive-interface S0/0

43. Which two statements are correct about the split horizon with poison reverse method of
routing loop prevention? (Choose two.)
ans:
It assigns a value that represents an infinite metric to the poisoned route.
It sends back the poisoned route update to the same interface from where it was received.

44. Refer to the exhibit. The 10.4.0.0 network fails. What mechanism prevents R2 from receiving
false update information regarding the 10.4.0.0 network?
ans:
split horizon

45. Refer to the exhibit. How many routes are ultimate routes?
ans:
5

46. Refer to the exhibit. Which two statements are true based on the exhibited output? (Choose
two.)
ans:
All routes are stable.
The show ipeigrp topology command has been run on R1.

47. A router has learned two equal cost paths to a remote network via the EIGRP and RIP
protocols. Both protocols are using their default configurations. Which path to the remote
network will be installed in the routing table?
ans:
the path learned via EIGRP

48. Which two statements are true about the EIGRP successor route? (Choose two.)
ans:
It may be backed up by a feasible successor route.
It is used by EIGRP to forward traffic to the destination.

49. Refer to the exhibit. The output of the show ip route command for router R1 is displayed.
What action will the router take for a packet that is destined for 192.168.1.5?
ans:
It will forward the packet to the default gateway.

50. Refer to the exhibit. The hosts that are connected to R2 are unable to ping the hosts that are
connected to R1. How can this problem be resolved?
ans:
Configure the R2 router interfaces for area 0.

51. In a lab test environment, a router has learned about network 172.16.1.0 through four
different dynamic routing processes. Which route will be used to reach this network?
ans:
D 172.16.1.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.200.1, 00:00:09, Serial0/0/0

52. Refer to the exhibit. Which two facts can be derived from this output? (Choose two.)
ans:
Three network devices are directly connected to Router2.
The serial interface between Router2 and Router3 is up.

53. How does route poisoning prevent routing loops?

ans:
Failed routes are advertised with a metric of infinity.

54. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator wants to reduce the size of the routing table of
R1. Which partial routing table entry in R1 represents the route summary for R2, without
including any additional subnets?
ans:
10.0.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 10.5.0.0[90/205901] via 192.168.1.2, S0/0/0

55. Refer to the exhibit. Packets destined to which two networks will require the router to
perform a recursive lookup? (Choose two.)
ans:
10.0.0.0/8
192.168.2.0/24

56. Refer to the exhibit. Although R2 is configured correctly, host A is unable to access the
Internet. What are two static routes that can be configured on R1, either of which would enable
Internet connectivity for host A? (Choose two.)
ans:
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Fa0/1
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.2

57. Refer to the exhibit. Which router is advertising subnet 172.16.1.32/28?

ans:
Router4

58. Which statement is true about the metrics used by routing protocols?
ans:
A metric is a value used by a particular routing protocol to compare paths to remote networks.
59. Refer to the exhibit. Which two components are required to complete the configuration?
(Choose two.)
ans:
a DTE device
a V.35 cable