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010013304

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

Department of Mechanical Engineering
King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok
Course description
The aim of this course is to take your knowledge
of thermal sciences further, and in a much more
general fashion, than you obtained in your first
course in thermal sciences. In particular, to
extend your theoretical background of the
thermal sciences to refrigeration and air
conditioning.

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Refrigeration&AirConditioning
Course description
focuses on the systems that produce industrial
refrigeration, like the compression cycle and heat
pump, including the absorption machines.
describes the properties of refrigerating fluids
and the components of cold cycles and
refrigerating rooms.
describes the basic concepts of air conditioning
with an introduction to Psychrometry.

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Objective
The objective of this course is to enable
students to develop a good understanding of
refrigeration principles. For air conditioning,
various concepts and parameters will be
discussed.

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Objective
The objectives of the course are to:
• Familiarise you with the terminologies associated with 
refrigeration & air conditioning
• To cover the basic principles of psychrometry and applied 
psychrometrics
• Familiarise you with system analysis
• Familiarise you with load calculations and elementary duct 
design
• Familiarise you with refrigerants; vapour compression 
refrigeration and multi‐stage vapour compression systems
• Understand the components of vapour compression systems and 
other types of cooling systems.

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Outcome
At the end of this course, students are
expected to be able to analyse and solve
problems involving refrigeration and air
conditioning.

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Outcome
On completion of the course, it is expected that you 
will:
• Familiarise you with the terminology associated with 
refrigeration & air conditioning
• Be able to apply the basic principles of psychrometry
and applied psychrometrics
• Be able to undertake system analysis
• Be able to perform load calculations and elementary 
duct design
• Be familiar with refrigerants; vapour compression 
refrigeration systems
• Understand the components of vapour compression 
systems and other types of cooling systems.
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Course Content
• Introduction to Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
• (Air Conditioning)
Properties of moist air
Space air conditioning process
Heating and cooling loads
Air conditioning system
• (Refrigeration systems)
Vapour compression cycle
Heat‐operated refrigeration cycle
Ultra‐low temperature refrigeration cycle
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Recommended Reading
• Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, Stoecker & 
Jones, McGraw Hill.
• Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning, 
Faye C. McQuiston, et al., John Wiley & Sons.
• Handbook of Heating, Ventilation, and Air 
Conditioning, Jan F. Kreider (ed).
• Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, C P Arora, 
McGraw Hill.
• Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Technology, 
Whitman, Johnson and Tomczyk, Delmar.
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Assessment
• Mid‐term Exam 40%
• Final Exam 60%

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Your questions ?

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The Big Picture
• HVAC systems need to provide conditioned
and acceptable air quality in buildings
• Heating, Cooling, Ventilation
• Heating, cooling, ventilation loads

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Systems: Heating
• Make heat (furnace, boiler, solar, etc.)
• Distribute heat within building (pipes, ducts,
fans, pumps)
• Exchange heat with air (coils, strip heat,
radiators, convectors, diffusers)
• Controls (thermostat, valves, dampers)

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Systems: Cooling
• Absorb heat from building (evaporator or chilled
water coil)
• Reject heat to outside (condenser)
• Refrigeration cycle components (expansion valve,
compressor, concentrator, absorber, refrigerant)
• Distribute cooling within building (pipes, ducts, fans,
pumps)
• Exchange cooling with air (coils, radiant panels,
convectors, diffusers)
• Controls (thermostat, valves, dampers, reheat)
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Systems: Ventilation
• Fresh air intake (dampers, economizer, heat
exchangers, primary treatment)
• Air exhaust (dampers, heat exchangers)
• Distribute fresh air within building (ducts,
fans)
• Air treatment (filters, etc.)
• Controls (thermostat, CO2 and other
occupancy sensors, humidistats, valves,
dampers)
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Systems: Other
• Auxiliary systems (i.e. venting of combustion
gasses)
• Condensate drainage/return
• Dehumidification (desiccant, cooling coil)
• Humidification (steam, ultrasonic humidifier)
• Energy management systems

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Drain Pain Cooling coil
•Removes •Heat transfer
moisture from air to
condensed refrigerant
from air •Extended
stream surface coil

Condenser

Expansion valve

Controls

Compressor
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Heating coil
•Heat transfer
from fluid to
air

Heat pump

Furnace

Boiler

Electric resistance

Controls

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Blower
•Overcome
pressure drop
of system

Adds heat to air


stream

Makes noise

Potential hazard

Performs
differently at
different
conditions (air
flow and
pressure drop)

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Duct system
(piping for
hydronic
systems)
•Distribute
conditioned
air
•Remove air
from space

Provides
ventilation

Makes noise

Affects comfort

Affects indoor air


quality

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Diffusers
•Distribute
conditioned
air within
room

Provides
ventilation

Makes noise

Affects comfort

Affects indoor air


quality

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Dampers
•Change
airflow
amounts

Controls outside
air fraction

Affects building
security

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Filter
•Removes
pollutants
•Protects
equipment

Imposes
substantial
pressure drop

Requires
Maintenance

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Controls
•Makes
everything
work

Temperature

Pressure (drop)

Air velocity

Volumetric flow

Relative humidity

Enthalpy

Electrical Current

Electrical cost

Fault detection
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Goals of this class
• Use thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat
transfer, control theory, physics, critical
analysis to design HVAC systems that work

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