JMJ Marist Brothers CS/LET Review

Notre Dame of Marbel University Philippine Geography/History

January 21, 2018 Mrs. CECILIE SHARON T. PORRAS
_____________________________________________________________________________
Part I. Geographical Background of the Philippines
1. The Philippines has a land area of how many square kilometres?
a. 200,000 sq km c. 400,000 sq km
b. 300,000 sq km * d. 500,000 sq km
2. The Philippines is called an archipelago country because it is composed of islands and islets.
There are how many islands comprising Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao?
a. 700 islands c. 7,107 islands*
b. 1,700 islands d. 17,000 islands
3. The Philippine islands have been grouped into three: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Which
of these groups of islands is the largest in terms of land area?
a. Luzon* c. Mindanao
b. Visayas d. No definite answer yet
4. The Third largest island is in the Visayas. What is the name of the third largest island?
a. Negros island c. Panay Island
b. Samar island* d. Cebu island
5. Quite a number of islands in the Philippines have been named while others with no
outstanding features, have not been named yet. About how many islands have been named?
a. About 1,000 islands c. About 3,000 islands*
b. About 2,000 islands d. About 4,000 islands
6. Based on the United Nations Law of the Sea signed in 1982, archipelago countries like the
Philippines are entitled to the Exclusive Economic Zone portion of the sea around the
archipelago. This is up to how far from the shoreline?
a. 100 miles (160 km.) c. 300 miles (480 km.)
b. 200 miles (320 km.)* d. 400 miles (640 km)
7. The Philippines is a mountainous country. Its tallest mountain is 2, 954 meters high. To
reach its apex is to experience the thrill and grandeur of being on top of the Philippines. What
is its name?
a. Mt. Dulang-Dulang c. Mt. Pulag
b. Mt. Mayon d. Mt. Apo*
8. The longest mountain range is Sierra Madre. It is also known as the Pacific Coast Range that
extends across provinces. Where is the Sierra Madre located?
a. Western Mindanao b. Eastern Mindanao
c. Northwestern Luzon d. Northeastern Luzon*
9. The Philippines is well identified in the volcanological map of the world, principally because
of its wonderful but at times very violent Mayon Volcano. This beautiful cone-shaped volcano
stands majestically in the province of ______.
a. Albay* c. Sorsogon
b. Romblon d. Camarines Sur
10. The Philippines has many volcanoes. Though harmful when violently erupting, yet they
offer the great source of geothermal energy. How many volcanic landforms are there in the
country?
a. Less than 50 volcanoes c. about 150 volcanoes
b. about 100 volcanoes d. More than 200 volcanoes*
11. The Philippines lies in the Pacific seismic belt which explains the more than usual
occurrence of earthquakes. On the average, imperceptible-to perceptible earthquakes do
occur in the Philippines every day?
a. About 20 earthquakes* c. About 60 earthquakes
b. About 40 earthquakes d. About 80 earthquakes
12. The fantastic hills are uniquely found in the province of ___.
a. Bohol* c. Masbate
b. Romblon d. Capiz
13. The Philippines is endowed with a variety of natural beauties like the soothing seashores,
and among the best at present is Boracay beach. Known for its calm waters and fine white
sand, it is located in ____.
a. Iloilo c. Aklan*
b. Capiz d. Antique
14. There are more than 50 lakes in the country. What is the name of the largest lake whose
area is 922 square kilometres?
a. Taal Lake (Batangas) c. Lake Lanao (Lanao del Sur)
b. Laguna de Bay (Laguna)* d. Lake Mainit (Surigao del Sur)
15. The deepest known part of the Philippines, and the second deepest known part of the
world is the so-called Philippine Deep. It is about 10 ½ kilometres deep in the Philippine waters
somewhere off the Pacific coast near the province of ___.
a. Catanduanes c. Surigao del Norte*
b. Northern Samar d. Davao Oriental
16. One of the most sensational events in the Philippine history occurred in Mactan island.
Here the freedom-loving Lapulapu met Ferdinand Magellan. To what province does Mactan
island presently belong?
a. Southern Leyte c. Bohol
b. Cebu* d. Negros Occidental
17. The Philippines lies somewhere in the tropical region, starting from 23 ½ degrees North of
the equator and 23 ½ degrees south of the equator. What part of the Philippines lies on the
equator?
a. Northern Luzon d. No part of the Philippines lies on the
b. Visayas and Palawan equator*
c. Southern Mindanao
18. The Philippines lies along the typhoon path which explains the frequent occurrence of
typhoons. The region least exposed to typhoon is the southern part of Mindanao. How many
typhoons do visit the Philippines each year?
a. About 10 typhoons c. About 20 typhoons*
b. About 15 typhoons d. About 25 typhhons
19. The more than 7,000 islands of the Philippines form a configuration that is more of
longitudinal in shape, spreading north to south, spanning about 1, 850 kilometers. The
northernmost province is Batanes while the southernmost is ____.
a. Sulu c. Sarangani
b. Basilan d. Tawi-Tawi*
20. The country’s northernmost island belonging to the province of Batanes is very near
Taiwan. What is the name of the northernmost island?
a. Babuyan Island c. Saluag Island
b. Siargao Island d. Y’ami Island*
21. The Spratlys is a group of island, islets, banks, shoals, atolls, sand bars, cays, and reefs
being claimed by several countries, the Philippines being one of them. What province of the
Philippines is it nearly situated?
a. Sulu c. Batanes
b. Basilan d. Palawan*
22. Unlike China, the Philippines claims only a part of the Spratlys. The government formally
filed the claim in 1971 under the administration of Pres. Ferdinand Marcos. The islands, islets,
and reefs being claimed are collectively known as ___.
a. Kalayaan Islands* c.Kasarinlan Islands
b. Kaunlaran Islands d. Karangalan Islands
23. Sabah is another territory over which the Philippines has a territorial claim. It is otherwise
known as North Borneo. Sabah is geographically closest to the province of ____.
a. Tawi-tawi* c. Sulu
b. Basilan d. Sarangani
24. Sabah is claimed by the Philippines as a whole. Oil rich with fertile soil, it has an area that is
approximately what part of Mindanao Island?
a. one-fourth c. two-thirds
b. one-half d. three-fourths*
25. The Philippine archipelago sprawls at the eastern rim of Southeast Asia. It is a gateway for
the American continent to almost all of Southeast Asia, and vice versa. Among the following
neighboring countries, which one is nearest to the Philippines?
a. Cambodia c. Vietnam*
b. Thailand d. Myanmar
Part II. Ancient age
1. Based on the archaeological study, the earliest known human being that lived in the
Philippine archipelago many thousand years ago. Named after the place where his remains
were found, he was called the ___.
a. Tabon man* c. Tatalon Man
b. Tabok man d. Tasaday Man
2. Prior to the coming of the Spaniards, the Filipinos already possessed a culture of their own
as shown by their native music. One of their most popular instruments is the kudyapi. What
type of musical instrument was it?
a. Wind instrument (like a flute) c. Percussion instrument (like a drum)
b. String instrument (like a guitar)* d. None of the above
3. The Filipinos had their own way of expressing themselves artistically, such as in the art of
dancing. One of their favorite dances, being famous in the Cordillera was ___.
a. dandansoy c. panjalay
b. pandango d. tadek*
4. The Muslim-Filipino way of life greatly contributes to the richness an diversity of the Filipino
culture. Which of the following was a favorite Muslim-Filipino wedding dance that flourished
during the ancient time?
a. jarabe c. panjalay*
b. kuratsa d. pandango
5. Ancient Filipinos had their own system of writing an indication of a civilization of their own.
Its origin was probably Sanskrit or Arabic. How many letters does its alphabet consist of?
a. 17 letters* c. 27 letters
b. 21 letters d. 29 letters
6. Only a few samples of the ancient Filipino writings have survived up to the present
principally because of two reasons. One is because of the natural decay of the manuscripts.
The others reason is that the ___.
a. Filipinos burned them for fear of the c. Spaniards discouraged their reading
Spaniards d. Filipinos did not preserve them
b. Early Spanish missionaries destroyed
them*
7. Ancient Filipino had epics like Lam-ang of Ilocos, Ullalim of Kalinga, and Handiong of Bicol.
Those of the Maranao, Maguinanao, and Ifugao are the following except ___.
a. Hudhud c. Ramayana*
b. Bantugan d. Indarapatra
8. The ancient Filipino women wore several articles of clothing. One was the so called baro or
kamisa. Another one was the saya. There was also that thing called tapis. Which of the
following was the tapis?
a. A scarf worn around the neck c. A lower dress – a short and tight skirt
b. An upper dress – a sleeveless jacket d. A piece of cloth worn around the waist*
9. The woman’s lower dress was a loose skirt known in the Tagalog area as ___.
a. pandiling c. saya*
b. kamison d. paldaka
10. The upper part of the ancient Filipino man’s attire consisted of a short-sleeved, collarless
jacket reaching below the waist. It was colored blue or black, but the chief wore red jacket.
This part of a man’s attire was called ___.
a. kangan* c. putong
b. bahag d. tandong
11. The ancient Filipino male wore a headgear made of cloth. Its color and design symbolized
the wearer’s “manliness”. Thus a red headgear meant that the wearer had already killed a
man in war. The ancient headgear was called ___.
a. turban c. putong*
b. salakot d. buntal
12. The Filipino women enjoyed great respect accorded to them by the men. One example in
which such respect was shown is when they were walking together, the men would walk ___.
a. behind them* c. by their left side
b. in front of them d. by their right side
13. The issue of the family size was a concern of the ancient Filipinos. What was their attitude
or mentality when it comes to the number of children that a family would have?
a. Having no child was preferred d. No standard norm on the number of
b. Having many children was preferred children
c. Having only few children was preferred*
14. Among the members of the family, the ___ had the exclusive privilege of giving names to
the children.
a. father c. grandfather
b. mother* d. grandmother
15. Ancient Filipinos used to drink their native wines. Their mood when drunk was not bad, as
the ancient chronicler Francisco Colin said: “they preserve due respect and discreet
behaviour”. Their most popular and favorite native wine was the ___.
a. tuba* c. tapuy
b. basi d. lambanog
16. The Filipinos, usually the males made tattoos on their bodies during the ancient period.
One purpose of the tattoo was for its physical beauty. The other purpose, particularly among
men, was to show a person’s ___.
a. civil status c. religious affiliation
b. social class d. war record*
17. The ancient Filipinos had their own preferred settlements. In what part of the island did
ancient Filipinos generally prefer to stay and build their houses?
a. In the middle of the plains c. On the slopes of the mountains
b. At the foot of the mountains d. At the coastal areas or near the rivers*
18. The ancient Philippine society was composed of four social classes. The highest class was
the chiefly class consisting of the chiefs of the barangays. The other three social classes were
the following except __.
a. the nobles c. the freemen
b. the workers* d. the dependents or slaves
19. The lowest social class was the alipin, of which there were two kinds. One refers to those
who owned a property, lived in their own house, had the right to marry, and could not be sold
by their masters. This kind of alipin was called ___.
a. aliping nakaluluwag c. aliping sagigilid
b. aliping maylaya d. aliping namamahay*
20. There were five possible reasons as to why people belonged to the alipin, the lowest social
class. One was by inheritance, by punishment for crime committed, the other reasons were
the following except __
a. by being illiterate* c. by being purchased
b. by captivity in war d. by failure to pay debt
21. The independent barangays were scattered all over the islands and each was composed of
___.
a. 10 -30 families c. 100 – 150 families
b. 30 – 100 families* d. 150 – 200 families
22. The word barangay originated from the Malay word “balangay”, which means ___.
a. clan or tribe composed of several families c. big shade tree
b. safe and peaceful place d. boat*
23. The chief of the barangay carried the title of ___.
a. Kapitan c. Datu*
b. Teniente d. Supremo
24. In the making of laws, the ancient barangay chieftain consulted the elders in the
community for their approval of what was on his mind. When it comes to acquiring his
position as the barangay head, how was it usually done?
a. By inheritance* d. By proving to be the bravest in the
b. By election of the barangay elders barangay
c. By “divine appointment” through the
babaylan
25. Two barangays might decide to enter into a treaty of friendship to promote mutual
benefits such as to maintain peace and avoid war. Such treaty would be concluded by means
of ___.
a. intermarriage c. exchange visits by barangay elders
b. blood compact* d. sacrifice offering to the god of peace
26. Dissemination of public news, such as announcing a newly promulgated law was in a
simple way. A public announcer would go around with a ringing bell, giving the news to the
people. He was called ___.
a. kampanang barangay c. balitang-hari
b. kampanang buhay d. umalohokan*
27. Farming was an important economic activity and source of livelihood. It was done even on
the slopes of the mountains such as the Banawe Rice terraces which today is in ____.
a. Benguet c. Apayao
b. Kalinga d. Ifugao*
28. Ancient Filipinos were polytheists, believing in a supreme god which they called __.
a. Dakila c. Diwata
b. Bathala* d. Anito
29. Ancient Filipinos believed in several lower-ranking gods like Idinayale, god of agriculture
and Mandarangan, god of war. They also had a god of love. Who was he/she?
a. Lalahon c. Siginarugan
b. Magwayen d. Diyan Masalanta*
30. The ancient Filipinos offered sacrifices to their gods and other spirit-beings like anitos in
order to win their goodwill or to appease their anger. Sacrificial offerings were known as ___.
a. maganito* c. pag-aanito
b. paganito d. mag-aanito
31. The ceremony wherein sacrifices were offered to the gods or other spirit beings were
conducted by a priest or priestess. In the Visayas, the priest or priestess was known as
babaylan while in the tagalong area, he/she was called ____.
a. katalona* b. bahalina
c. tumana d. anitista
32. Another aspect of ancient Filipino’s spiritualism was in their belief in a certain place called
kalwalhatian, or ologan in the Visayas. This was known as the place where the ___.
a. people worshipped their gods most c. souls of martyrs would be eternally
solemnly preserved
b. souls of good people would go to after d. married couples enjoyed spiritual
death* honeymoon
33. The place where in the 1250AD the ten Bornean datus led by Datu Puti and their families
landed.
a. Albay c. Surigao
b. Panay* d. Palawan
34. The story about the ten Bornean datus was accepted as true. This is treated as partly
historical and partly legendary. The story is contained in the ___.
a. “Maragtas”* c. “Mahabharata”
b. “Mahadlika” d. “Code of Kalantiyaw”
35. Islam was introduced in the Philippines much earlier than Christianity. At first it was in
Mindanao, and then to Visayas, and gradually to some areas in Luzon. When was Islam
introduced in the Philippines?
a. About 1080 – 1180 c. About 1280 – 1380*
b. About 1180 – 1280 d. About 1380 – 1480
36. The Muslim-Filipinos in Mindanao lived in a consolidated and stronger territory. This was
due to the institution called ___.
a. tarsila c. datuship
b. shariah d. sultanate*

37. The consolidated territories were under the head who exercised control over the local
chiefs under his jurisdiction. The first sultan was ___.
a. Sultan Jamalul Kiram c. Sultan Abu Bakr*
b. Sultan Kabungsuan d. Sultan Kudarat
38. In 1571, Manila was already a flourishing commercial center, trading with Asian countries
like Borneo and China. The last native chieftain of Manila was a Muslim with Bornean blood.
Who was he?
a. Raja Tupas c. Rajah Sulayman*
b. Rajah Humabon d. Lakan Dula
39. Manila was a commercial center trading with neighboring countries of Asia. Manila’s
ancient name then was ___.
a. Manilin c. Maunlad
b. Manilad* d. Bagumbayan
40. The name Manila was derived from the name of a small tree bearing white flowers
growing abundantly along the riverbanks and known as ___.
a. Mani (or Mayni) c. Nila (or Nilad)*
b. Manili (or Manilin) d. Mila (or Milad)

Part III. Spanish Era

1. Spanish rule has become customary to start with Magellan’s discovery of the Philippine
islands. The Spanish crew landed on March 17, 1521 and Magellan won the friendship of
several native chieftains. Who was he with whom Magellan made his first blood compact?
a. Rajah Tupas c. Rajah Humabon
b. Rajah Matanda d. Rajah Kolambu*
2. The natives were not all mesmerized with the Spanish display and magic touch, docile and
submissive. Who was he who disliked and opposed Magellan?
a. Rajah Sulayman c. Lakan Dula
b. Rajah Humabon d. Lapulapu*
3. Ferdinand Magellan is known as responsible for the first Christian Mass in the Philippines
held in __.
a. Masao, Butuan, Agusan del Norte c. Villa de San Miguel, Cebu
b. Limasawa, Southern Leyte* d. Siargao Island, Surigao del Norte
4. After the expedition of Magellan, more were dispatched to colonize lands in the East. Who
was the leader of the last of these four expeditions “Felipinas”?
a. Alvaro de Saavedra c. Ruy Lopez de Villalobos*
b. Garcia Jofre de Loaisa d. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
5. The next expedition sent by Spain from Mexico was the successful and this was under the
leadership of __.
a. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi* c. Martin de Goiti
b. Juan de Salcedo d. Ruy Lopez de Villalobos
6. Spanish rule in the country started much later after the 6th Spanish expedition. When did
this happen?
a. 1545 c. 1585
b. 1565* d. 1605
7. The Spanish settlement in the Philippines was established in ___.
a. Iloilo c. Manila
b. Cebu* d. Zamboanga
8. In the early part of the Spanish period, a social program called reduccion was adopted by
the Spaniards, as a strategy to help speed up the colonization of the islands. This program
consisted of requiring the new Christian converts to __.
a. organize themselves into a confraternity
b. recruit their close relatives into Christianity
c. build their houses around the church building*
d. be employed as farm workers in the friar lands
9. The king of Spain was interested in both God and gold that true God be taught and
worshipped all over the world. The king was entitled to what portion of the discovered gold?
a. one-third c. one-fifth*
b. one-fourth d. one-sixth
10. The Spaniards born in Spain looked up to themselves and thought they had superior social
status compared to the Spaniards born in the Philippines. The Spaniards born in Spain then
were called __.
a. Insulares c. Castillares
b. Espalares d. Peninsulares*
11. The Spaniards born in the Philippines were having inferior social status. They were known
as ____.
a. Insulares* c. Castillares
b. Espalares d. Peninsulares
12. The Spaniards never called the Christianized natives as “Filipinos”. Only the Spaniards born
in the Philippines were called by that name. How then were the Christianized natives called?
a. Indios* c. Asianos
b. Orientes d. Pintados

13. The native inhabitants of the Philippines were classified into three communities: the
Christian, Muslim, and indigenous communities. They were called respectively as Indios,
Moros, and __.
a. Remontados c. Pintados
b. Pulahanes d. Infieles*
14. The seat of the Spanish central government was in Madrid far enough which prompted the
King of Spain to rule the Philippines indirectly through the Viceroyalty of ____.
a. Puerto Rico c. Guam
b. Mexico* d. Cuba
15. The highest official during the Spanish regime was the governor general. He had vast
powers being the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, with legislative powers, and as
presiding officer of the highest judicial court known as ___.
a. Royal Audiencia* c. Alta Justicia
b. Palacio Royal d. Residencia
16. The Spanish friars were active on religious as well as political and economic matters. On
what level of the bureaucracy were they most active and powerful in influencing and directing
the various aspects of society.
a. national level c. city or municipal level*
b. provincial level d. barrio level
17. The Spaniards dominated over the lives of the Filipinos politically, economically, and
culturally. What was the highest government position that a native Filipino then could occupy?
a. Head of a province c. assistant head of a municipality
b. Head of a Municipality* d. head of a barangay
18. The head of the municipality carried the title of ___.
a. Gobernadorcillo* c. Teniente Mayor
b. Alcalde mayor d. Teniente Municipal
19. For the pacified territories or those already under Spanish control , the highest
government official of a province was called ___.
a. Teniente Gobernador c. Teniente Mayor
b. Gobernadorcillo d. Alcalde Mayor*
20. The unpacified province being administered by the military was headed by a person known
as ___.
a. Visitador c. Corregidor*
b. Toblador d. Teniente Mayor
21. The Spanish regime obliged all male Filipinos within a certain age bracket to render an
annual forced labor to the government. The forced labor was called ___, and the persons
rendering forced labor were known as __
a. polo, polistas* c. encargo, encargados
b. fallo, fallatos d. All of the above
22. The Galleon trade flourished from 1565 to 1815. The trade greatly enriched few Spaniards,
including the governor general, the merchants with consular duties and rights, and the Spanish
residents in Manila. “Galleon” means__.
a. a generic name for Oriental goods and spices
b. the Spanish slang for “from port to port”
c. a trading port in Acapulco
d. a large sailing ship*
23. The Spanish rule in the Philippines was interrupted with the British invasion of the
Philippines in the ___.
a. 16th century (1562) c. 18th century (1762)*
b. 17th century (1662) d. 19th century (1862)
24. A few number of Filipino made a name in their own profession. One of them was Juan
Luna in the field of ___.
a. painting* c. poetry
b. music d. military tactics
25. The Spanish regime in the Philippines can be considered to have started when the first
Spanish settlement was established in the country. It ended when the Spaniards were
defeated in the Spanish-American war in the Philippines in __.
a. 1897 c. 1899
b. 1898* d. 1900

Part IV. Age of Revolt

1. The first historic battle in Philippine history was between Lapulapu and Magellan fought in
__.
a. 1521* c. 1541
b. 1531 d. 1551
2. The historic Battle of Mactan that produced the first Filipino hero , Lapulapu, is a unique
success story in the history of Filipino struggle against foreign aggressors. When was the exact
day in 1521 that this dramatic and unforgettable battle happened?
a. March 27 c. May 27
b. April 27* d. June 27
3. Filipino revolts against the Spanish regime were mainly due to land grabbing, forced labor,
oppressive tribute, the desire to regain lost freedom, and in several areas, the desire to return
to ancestral religion. Another one was the bandala or the __.
a. compulsory enlistment in the government army
b. compulsory employment in the friar lands
c. compulsory selling of products to the government*
d. compulsory attendance in mass and novenas
4. In 1570, the Spanish invaders sailed from Panay and attacked Manila. Raja Sulayman fought
bravely against them but lost. One of the weapons he used was canon made by a Filipino. Who
was this enterprising canon maker?
a. Dionisio Batumbakal b. Martin Pangan
c. Pitong Gatang d. Panday Pira*
5. In 1571, the Spaniards were about to launch another attack against Manila.
Rajah Sulayman of Manila and Lakan Dula of Tondo negotiated for peace owing to their
weaker military force. But one from Pampanga decided to fight. Who was he?
a. Bambalito* c. Tamblot
b. Bangkaw d. Tapar
6. In 1621, a leader of a revolt in Bohol used magic and ancestral religion to mesmerize his
followers and to attract prospective recruits. Who was he?
a. Tapar c. Tamblot*
b. Magalat d. Bangkaw
7. He was an aged revolutionary datu of Leyte, who was previously loyal to Spain. He used
magic to inspire his followers and attract others. Who was he?
a. Tapar c. Magalat
b. Dagami d. Bangkaw*
8. In 1663 in Iloilo, an eccentric religious leader who dressed like a woman and who
proclaimed himself as “God Almighty” had founded a religious group and soon rose up in arms
against the Spanish rule. Who was he?
a. Tapar* c. Magalat
b. Dagami d. Alababan
9. Several revolts lasted less than a year. Other revolts last so many years. Who was the leader
of the longest revolt in Philippine history?
a. Diego Silang c. Casimino Camerino
b. Francisco Dagohoy* d. Juan dela Cruz Palaris

10. Throughout the Spanish period, the Filipinos in Luzon and Visayas revolted many times. On
the other hand, what the Muslim-Filipinos in Mindanao used to do during this period was __.
a. give aid to the revolting Filipinos
b. recurrently attack Visayas and Luzon*
c. engage in routine business with all Filipinos
d. isolate themselves from the rest of the country

Part V. Age of Reform Movement

1. The historic turning point that ushered into the Age of Reform Movement in the late 19th
century was the so called GOMBURZA incident – the execution and martyrdom of the three
nationalist Filipino priests known as the GOMBURZA priests. When were the nationalist
GOMBURZA priests executed?
a. 1832 c. 1872*
b. 1852 d. 1892
2. “Let us go where the leaves never move without the will of God”. These were the last words
of a martyr Filipino priest right before he was executed by the Spaniards. He was the eldest,
aged 84, of the GOMBURZA priests. Who was he?
a. Fr. Jose Burgos c. Fr. Mariano Gomez*
b. Fr. Jacinto Zamora d. Fr. Francisco Zamora
3. The 19th century reform movement was led by the patriotic and educated members of the
Filipino upper class. Their political strategy to fulfil the centuries-old Filipino aspiration for
freedom, prosperity, justice, and peace was to make ___.
a. the Philippines a progressive colony of Spain
b. the Philippines a protectorate of Spain
c. the Philippines an independent State
d. the Philippines a province of Spain*
4. Highly educated Filipinos based in Spain led the 19th century reform movement. They had
absorbed the spirit of the age in Europe at that time, the European Enlightenment marked by
liberal ideas and practices. They were called ___.
a. ilustrados* c. luminarios
b. libertados d. principales
5. The mass media outfit for propagating the ideology of the 19th century reform movement
was the newspaper La Solidaridad. It was founded in Spain in 1889. Who was the first editor of
the La Solidaridad?
a. Jose Rizal c. Jose Ma. Panganiban
b. Marcelo H. del Pilar d. Graciano Lopez Jaena*
6. The great 19th century reformist founded a nationalistic newspaper. It was the first bilingual
(Tagalog-Spanish) newspaper to come out in the Philippines. What was the name of the
newspaper?
a. Diario de Manila c. Balitang Filipinas
b. Diariong Tagalog* d. Kalayaan
7. In an essay, Jose Rizal wrote about the concept of indolence, which the Filipinos were
accused of. Filipino indolence existed not by human nature as the Spaniards claimed but as a
result of oppressive forces. The essay is entitled ___.
a. The Traits of the Filipinos
b. The Character of the Indios
c. The Indolence of the Filipinos*
d. Does the Filipino Indolence Exist?
8. Because the Spaniards were very cruel to the Filipinos who worked for social change, the
19th century reformists hid their identities while writing in the La Solidaridad by using pen
names. What was the pen name used by Marcelo H. del Pilar?
a. Plaridel* c. Tikbalang
b. Jomapa d. Dimas Alang
9. Jose Rizal used pen names for security reason while writing in the La Solidaridad. What was
the other pen name he used aside from Laong Laan?
a. Jomapa c. Tikbalang
b. Taga-Ilog d. Dimas Alang*
10. The tale Fray Botod describes a friar named Botod, who is portrayed as immoral, abusive,
and ignorant. The Spanish friars were so furius at this tale and its author because they were
the ones being alluded to by Botod. Who was the author?
a. Graciano Lopez Jaena* c. Mariano Ponce
b.Antonio Luna d. Marcelo H. Del Pilar

11. The great 19th century reformist Marcelo H. del Pilar founded a nationalistic newspaper. It
was the first bilingual (Tagalog-Spanish) newspaper to come out in the Philippines. What was
the name of this newspaper?
a. Diario de Manila c. Diariong Tagalog*
b. Balitang Filipinas d. Kalayaan
12. Noli Me Tangere is the first famous book by Jose Rizal. Written when he was 26 years old,
it was published in Berlin, Germany in 1887. It is about Filipino life during Rizal’s time. Noli is
considered as more of a ___.
a. political novel c. socio-historical novel*
b. socio-historical novel* d. good-manners-and-right-conduct novel
13. El Filibusterismo is the second famous book of jose rizal. It was published in Ghent,
Belgium in 1891, about four years after the publication of the Noli Me Tangere. El
Filibusterismo is considered as more of a ___.
a. Political novel* c. philosophical novel
b. religious novel d. socio-historical novel
14. In Dapitan, Jose Rizal was forced to live in exile for several years. Here he did not live an
idle life. With his medical skill, he helped the poor folks. He also taught the young boys. He
even beautified the plaza. Where is Dapitan located?
a. Luzon c. Mindanao*
b. Visayas d. Marianas Islands
15. Jose Rizal was a great intellectual patriot. He gave the best of his mind for the love of the
fatherland. He penned his last poem, Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell), and breathed his last
in the early morning of December 30, ______.
a. 1895 c. 1897
b. 1896* d. 1898

Part VI. Age of Revolution Part I: Bonifacio and the Katipunan

1. After the passing away of the peaceful Reform Movement led by Jose Rizal and Marcelo H.
del Pilar and other reformists, a new method to bring out change in the society was going to
be carried out by the Filipino patriots who were members of the Katipunan. Katipunan was
founded in __.
a. 1862 c. 1882
b. 1872 d. 1892*
2. The Katipunan was an organization aimed at liberation from Spanish colonialism. In this
sense, the aim was generally similar to that during the previous Age of Revolts and the Reform
Movement. But the Katipunan’s strategy was ___.
a. making the Philippines a progressive neo-colony
b. making the Philippines a Spanish protectorate
c. making the Philippines a province of Spain
d. making the Philippines independent*
3. The founder of the Katipunan, Andres Bonifacio was not educated in higher learning due to
poverty. But he surprisingly read books of great social value like the following: Bible, Jose
Rizal’s Noli and Fili, and also the following books except __.
a. a book on the French revolution
b. civil Code and Penal Code
c. Victor Hugo’s Les Miserables
d. Charter of the League of Nations*
4. The first official flag of the Katipunan was a red triangle with the letters KKK written
horizontally in white at the center. Upon the request of Andres Bonifacio, who made this flag
with the assistance of Gregoria de Jesus.
a. Marcela Agoncillo c. Benita Rodriguez*
b. Angelica Lopez d. Trinidad Rizal
5. The Katipunan’s official teachings were listed in a primer entitled __.
a. Tatak ng Katipunero c. Panunumpa
b. Kartilla* d. Gabay ng Katipunan
6. Upon the discovery of the Katipunan on August 19, 1896, the Spaniards hunted and tortured
suspected members. The leaders of the Katipunan assembled on August 23, “Long live the
Philippines!” This stirring event is known as __.
a. “Cry of Pugad Lawin”* c. “Cry of Bagong Bayan”
b. “Cry of Biak na Bato” d. “Cry of Bagong Silangan”
7. The Katipunan was a patriotic organization aimed at liberating the Philippines from Spain
through a revolution. The Katipunero who came to be known as the “brains of the Katipunan”
joined the organization at age 19. Who was he?
a. Emilio Jacinto* c. Pio Valenzuela
b. Apolinario Mabini d. Andres Bonifacio
8. Tandang Sora was known as the “mother of the Katipunan”.She rendered various forms of
assistance to the Katipuneros, offered her house for the meeting. She was arrested and exiled
to Guam. Who was she?
a. Marina Dizon c. Melchora Aquino*
b. Trinidad Tecson d. Teresa Magbanua
9. The first armed encounter between the Katipuneros and the Spaniards happened two days
after the “Cry of Pugad Lawin”. Where did the armed encounter take place?
a. Pasig c. Pandacan
b. Pateros d. Pasong Tamo*
10. The revolution of 1896 was the culminating point of the more than 100 bloody revolts .
Who was known as the “Father of the Revolution”?
a. Apolinario Mabini c. Andres Bonifacio*
b. Emilio Aguinaldo d. Emilio Jacinto

Part VII. Age of Revolution Part 2: Aguinaldo and the Republic

1. The Katipunan which initiated the 1896 revolution was infected by the organizational virus
called factionalism. This organizational virus emerged in the province of ___.
a. Cavite* c. Laguna
b. Manila d. Rizal
2. Factionalism became a serious problem of the Katipunan in the initial stage of the
revolution against Spanish colonialism. To what faction did the loyal sympathizers of Andres
Bonifacio belong?
a. Magdalo c. Magdiwang *
b. Magtangol d. Magdangal
3. The faction where the loyal sympathizers of Emilio Aguinaldo belong?
a. Magdalo * c. Magdiwang
b. Magtangol d. Magdangal
4. When factionalism and power struggle in the Katipunan leadership were over, Emilio
Aguinaldo became the new leader of the revolution. And Andres Bonifacio, the Katipunan
founder, was _____.
a. put under house arrest during the revolution
b. killed by his rival comrades during a fight
c. executed by his comrades from rival faction*
d. ousted from the Katipunan and was exiled
5. In mid-1897 Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo organized the Departmental Government of Central
Luzon, the revolutionary government body. Where this revolutionary government body was
established?
a. Malolos, Bulacan c. Mt. Puray, Montalban, Rizal *
b. Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija d. Mt. Arayat, Arayat, Pampanga
6. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo built his headquarters at barangay Biak-na-Bato and established the
Biak-na-Bato Republic. Where was this place?
a. Montalban, Rizal c. Cabantuan, Nueva Ecija
b. San Miguel, Bulacan * d. San Fernando, Pampanga
7. A peace agreement between the Filipino revolutionists and the Spanish authorities was
concluded in late 1897 through the initiative of Pedro Paterno as mediator. The agreement is
known in history as the _____.
a. Biak-na-Bato Ceasefire Agreement c. Filipino-Spanish Peace Pact
b. Rivera-Aguinaldo Peace Pact d. Truce of Biak-na-Bato *
8. A number of Filipino revolutionary leaders led by Emilio Aguinaldo left the Philippines as
exiles. In Hong Kong, they organized themselves into what is known in history as ____.
a. Hong Kong Junta* c. Hong Kong Connection
b. Hong Kong Union d. Hong Kong Overseas Club
9. In Central Luzon, a provisional government with its own constitution was formed by a
revolutionary general who remained at Biak-na-Bato. Who was he?
a. Gen. Vicente Alvarez c. Gen. Maximo Hizon
b. Gen. Nicolas Capistrano d. Gen. Francisco Makabulos *
10. In May 1, 1898 Battle of Manila Bay, the Americans defeated the Spaniards. Aguinaldo
decided to go home and resume the revolution. May 19, 1898 Aguinaldo established a new
government. What was the form of this government?
a. theocratic c. dictatorial *
b. monarchic d. revolutionary
11. One of the think tank men of Aguinaldo was from Batangas who finished a law degree.
Because of his intellectual contribution to the revolution, he came to be known in history as
the “Brains of the Revolution.” Who was he?
a. Apolinario Mabini * c. Pedro Paterno
b. Emilio Jacinto d. Cayetano Arellano
12. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo believe d that proclaiming Independence as early as June 12, 1898
was timely to inspire the people and to persuade other countries to recognize Philippine
Independence. The proclamation took place in ____.*
a. Naic, Cavite c. Kawit, Cavite
b. Imus, Cavite d. Malolos, Bulacan
13. He prepared the Act of Declaration of Independence and the one who read it.
a. Pedro Paterno c. Apolinario Mabini
b. Felipe Calderon d. Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista*
14. There were three historic events that happened on June 12, 1898, events that had lasting
significance for the country’s posterity. The three historic events were the following except __.
a. proclamation of the Philippine Independence
b. inauguration of the Philippine Republic *
c. official hoisting of the Philippine flag
d. playing of the Philippine National March
15. The original title of the musical composition played during the proclamation of Philippine
Independence was Marcha Filipina Magdalo. At the last minute the composer, Julian Felipe
changed the title to ____.
a. Marcha Nacional Filipina * c. Marcha Independiente Filipina
b. Marcha Revolucion Nacional d. Marcha Independiente Nacional

End