Materi handout BIOLOGI SEL, Dr. Oeke Yunita, M.Si., Apt.

SIKLUS SEL
Siklus organisme hidup, yang meliputi
pertumbuhan dan pembelahan sel

•Tahap G1 :
RNA, protein, sitoplasma
•Tahap S : DNA, histon
•Tahap G2 : RNA
•Tahap M : mitosis, meiosis

Materi handout BIOLOGI SEL, Dr. Oeke Yunita, M.Si., Apt.

Materi handout BIOLOGI SEL, Dr. Oeke Yunita, M.Si., Apt.
Materi handout BIOLOGI SEL, Dr. Oeke Yunita, M.Si., Apt.
 Structure of Chromosomes
• The centromere is a constricted region of the chromosome containing a
specific DNA sequence, to which is bound 2 discs of protein called
kinetochores.
• Kinetochores serve as points of attachment for microtubules that move the
chromosomes during cell division:
Metaphase chromosome

Centromere
region of
chromosome Kinetochore
Kinetochore
microtubules

Sister Chromatids
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Materi handout BIOLOGI SEL, Dr. Oeke Yunita, M.Si., Apt.

 Mitotic Division of an Animal Cell

G2 OF
PROPHASE PROMETAPHASE
INTERPHASE
Centrosomes Aster Fragments
Chromatin
(with centriole pairs) Early mitotic Kinetochore
spindle Centromere of nuclear
(duplicated) Nonkinetochore
envelope
microtubules

Nucleolus Nuclear Plasma Chromosome, consisting Kinetochore

envelope membrane of two sister chromatids microtubule

Materi handout BIOLOGI SEL, Dr. Oeke Yunita, M.Si., Apt.

Interphase
Homologous pair of chromosomes
in diploid parent cell

Chromosomes
replicate
Homologous pair of replicated chromosomes

Sister
chromatids Diploid cell with
replicated
chromosomes

Meiosis I

1 Homologous
chromosomes
separate
Haploid cells with
replicated chromosomes
Meiosis II

2 Sister chromatids
separate

Haploid cells with unreplicated chromosomes

Materi handout BIOLOGI SEL, Dr. Oeke Yunita, M.Si., Apt.
Materi handout BIOLOGI SEL, Dr. Oeke Yunita, M.Si., Apt.
 TETRAD

Materi handout BIOLOGI SEL, Dr. Oeke Yunita, M.Si., Apt.

 Comparison of Divisions
Mitosis Meiosis
Number of 2
1
divisions
Number of
2 4
daughter cells
Genetically
Yes No
identical?
Chromosome # Same as parent Half of parent

Where Somatic cells Germ cells

When Throughout life At sexual maturity
Growth and
Role Sexual reproduction
repair 11
Materi handout BIOLOGI SEL, Dr. Oeke Yunita, M.Si., Apt.
Materi handout BIOLOGI SEL, Dr. Oeke Yunita, M.Si., Apt.
Materi handout BIOLOGI SEL, Dr. Oeke Yunita, M.Si.,
Apt.
 Somatic mosaicism (eg trisomy 21) as a result of mitotic non-disjunction

Mitosis

Non-disjunction

Normal disomy Normal disomy Trisomy Monosomy (lethal to cell)

Materi handout BIOLOGI SEL, Dr. Oeke Yunita, M.Si., Apt.

The human life cycle

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Materi handout BIOLOGI SEL, Dr. Oeke Yunita, M.Si., Apt.