File: D:\Eigene Dateien\Kunden\DVS\Ri+Me\2207\2207-4\englisch\Jan_08\e2207-4.

fm
Erstellt am: 18.01.2005
Zuletzt geändert am: 29.01.2008

March 2008

DVS – DEUTSCHER VERBAND Welding of thermoplastics Extrusion

FÜR SCHWEISSEN UND welding of pipes, piping parts and panels Technical Code
VERWANDTE VERFAHREN E.V. Processes and requirements DVS 2207-4

Translation of the German version from april 2005

Contents: The technical code can be correspondingly applied to other

materials and material modifications (e.g. electrically conductive).
1 Scope of application It is necessary to pay attention to supplementary instructions
2 Materials from the manufacturers of the semi-finished products.
3 General process description
3.1 Continuous welding process
3.2 Discontinuous welding process 3 General process description
4 Machine variants
4.1 Machine Variant I Extrusion welding is a manual or semi-automatic welding proc-
4.2 Machine Variant II ess. It is performed with a welding filler which consists of wire or
4.3 Machine Variant III granules and is melted and plastified in a plastifying system (ex-
5 Structural design, weld shapes and weld structure truder). A welding shoe shaped according to the weld geometry
6 Requirements serves to press the welding filler into the base material welding
6.1 Requirements on the welding machines and devices groove which is plastified with hot air as a rule. Other heat sourc-
6.2 Requirements on the welding shoes es or carriers may be, for example, a light ray or inert gases. The
Reprinting and copying, even in the form of excerpts, only with the consent of the publisher

6.3 Requirements on the preheating material output capacity of the machines or devices determines
6.4 Requirements on the materials and their weldability the maximum weld dimensions and influences the welding
6.5 Requirements on the welders speed. The necessary joining pressure is generated by the
6.6 Requirements on the quality of the welded joints emerging material and the counterforce of the welder.
7 Start-up of the welding machines and setting of the welding
parameters A distinction is made between the following processes:
8 Welding preparation – continuous welding process
8.1 Equipment
– discontinuous welding process
8.2 Protective measures against environmental influences
9 Welding
9.1 Preparation of the joining faces 3.1 Continuous welding process
9.2 Tacking The plastified welding filler emerging from the manually or
9.3 Execution of a weld mechanically guided device or machine is continuously pressed
9.4 Finish machining of the welds into the also plastified welding groove by a welding shoe, Figs. 1,
9.5 Thermal after-treatment of the welds 3 and 4.
9.6 Welding record sheet
10 Testing of the welded joints
11 Safety instructions
12 Standards and technical codes which are also applicable
Appendix 1: Brief instructions for the welding
Normen-Download-Beuth-FINMA S.A. / Org.Techint-KdNr.7046465-LfNr.4612421001-2009-10-01 09:41

Appendix 2: Welding record sheet for the extrusion welding

1 Scope of application

This technical code applies to the hot gas extrusion welding

(hereinafter called extrusion welding) of pipes and panels in tank,
apparatus and pipeline construction as well as during the
manufacture of self-supporting collecting pans and of seals on
concrete structures with thermoplastics. It describes the different
processes, indicates the process limits and stipulates
requirements for the quality assurance.
Special instructions for the extrusion welding of sealing sheets in
earthwork construction and water engineering are included in the
DVS 2225-1 and DVS 2225-4 technical codes. Instructions for
the extrusion welding of casing pipes can be found in the
DVS 2207-5 technical code.

2 Materials

This technical code applies to the materials specified in the

DVS 2207-4 technical code, Supplement 1. Figure 1. Diagram for continuous welding with Machine Variant I.

This publication has been drawn up by a group of experienced specialists working in an honorary capacity and its consideration as an important source of information
is recommended. The user should always check to what extent the contents are applicable to his particular case and whether the version on hand is still valid. No
liability can be accepted by the Deutscher Verband für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren e.V., and those participating in the drawing up of the document.

DVS, Technical Committee, Working Group “Joining of Plastics”

Orders to: DVS-Verlag GmbH, P. O. Box 10 19 65, 40010 Düsseldorf, Germany, Phone: + 49(0)211/1591- 0, Telefax: + 49(0)211/1591-150
 Page 2 to DVS 2207-4
In the case of manual welding, the feed speed results from the
volume of the emerging material flow and from the weld cross-
section to be filled. In the case of welding with a feed system, the
welding speed must be adjusted to the material output.
The welding zone is preheated by a hot gas fan attached to the
welding head.
3.2 Discontinuous welding process
For the welding, the plastified welding filler is extracted from the
extruder section by section with a corresponding quiver, is
inserted into welding groove plastified with a hot gas device and
is pressed in, shaped and smoothed with a press-on tool (Fig. 2).
Normen-Download-Beuth-FINMA S.A. / Org.Techint-KdNr.7046465-LfNr.4612421001-2009-10-01 09:41
Figure 2. Diagram for discontinuous welding with Machine Variant II.
This process is predominantly used where confined space-
related conditions or certain structural details exclude continuous
welding.
4 Machine variants
The machines or devices consist of:
– the plastifying system (extruder) for the plastification of the
input welding filler
– the preheating system for the heating of the joining faces (as a
rule, hot air)
– the welding head in order to accommodate the welding shoe
and the preheating system
– the welding shoe in order to input the extrudate into the
welding groove and to shape the surface (alternative to the
quiver and the press-on tool in the case of discontinuous
welding)
4.1 Machine Variant I
Machine or device type in which all the device components form
one unit. As a rule, the welding filler is supplied to the device as
round wire or, in the case of larger devices, also as granules, Fig. 1.
4.2 Machine Variant II
The extruder and the welding head are structurally separate in
the case of this machine type. For continuous welding, both
machine parts are connected with each other by a heated hose
for the welding filler, Fig. 3. For discontinuous welding, the
extrudate is extracted directly from the extruder using
replaceable material nozzles, Fig. 2.
The machines of this type have a high output capacity but are
primarily used in stationary operation due to their size. The
welding filler is usually supplied to the device in granule form.
4.3 Machine Variant III
The machines or devices consist of the welding wire intake
station, the plastifying unit and the preheating system. The
welding filler in wire form is transported into the heating chamber
by the wire feed unit which inputs the plastified welding filler into
the joining zone via the welding shoe, Fig. 4. As a rule, the
devices are smaller and easier to handle than Machine Variants I
and II but also have a lower output capacity.
Figure 3.
Diagram for continuous welding
with Machine Variant II.
 Page 3 to DVS 2207-4

For materials others than those listed in Appendix 1, it may be

necessary to choose different weld shapes and weld preparation
angles.

Desination Sheme Symbol

V- seam
V-seam

V
Double-V-seam
Double-V-seam
(X-seam)
(X-seam)
X
Double-HV-
Double-HV-seam
seam
(K-butt) (K-
butt)
K

Fillet
Fillet
Figure 4. Diagram for continuous welding with Machine Variant III.

5 Structural design, weld shapes and weld structure

The DVS 2205 ff. technical codes apply to the structure of the
components and the DVS 2205-3 technical code to the design of
the welds (the supplements to the respective technical codes are Figure 5. Examples of weld shapes and weld symbols.
also applicable). In particular, attention must be paid to the
following:
Depth of seams s (mm)

– Crossing welds must be in a staggered arrangement. V- and double V-seams

– The distance between the welds should be about three times HV-seams
the width of the top layer but min. 50 mm.
– In the case of butt joints, it is necessary to match the work-
piece thicknesses of connecting ends with different thick-
nesses (DVS 2205).
– A weld shape which guarantees that the cross-section of the
thinner joining part in each case can be connected completely
(e.g. T-joint with a single-bevel butt weld) should be chosen in Angle of seam opering (’’)
Normen-Download-Beuth-FINMA S.A. / Org.Techint-KdNr.7046465-LfNr.4612421001-2009-10-01 09:41

the case of accessibility from one side only.

a) Continuous welding
DIN EN 22553 applies to the designation and graphical and
symbolic representation of the welds.
Depth of seams s (mm)

The most important weld shapes are single-V, double-V, single-

bevel and double-bevel butt welds as well as fillet welds.
HV-seam V- and double V-seams
Examples of the execution of welds as well as their symbolic
representation on fabrication drawings are shown on Fig. 5.
As a rule, the welds are manufactured in a single layer or, in
special cases, in multiple layers.
In order to reduce the weld volume and because of the more
uniform distribution of the residual welding stresses, the welds
should, if at all possible, be executed on both sides or with a Angle of seam (’’)
backing layer (double-V butt weld, fillet weld and double-bevel
butt weld). b) Descontinuous welding
The material input into the welding grooves should be minimised
because of the shrinkage stresses arising during the cooling of Figure 6. Recommended weld preparation angles for PE-HD and PP in
the case of single-V and single-bevel butt welds depending on
the welds. It is therefore recommendable to change the weld
the weld depth and the welding process (for other materials, it
preparation angle according to the joining part thickness, Fig. 6. may be necessary to choose different weld preparation angles).
The residual root opening should be max. 1 mm and full-
penetration welding must be ensured.
6 Requirements
The root gap should not exceed 2 mm in the continuous welding
process and 4 mm in the discontinuous welding process. If the 6.1 Requirements on the welding machines and devices
root gap width cannot be complied with for structural or design-
related reasons, appropriate measures must be taken (e.g. using The welding machines and the welding devices must be in a
a backing strip). functioning condition. Their condition and good working order
 Page 4 to DVS 2207-4
must be checked regularly (e.g. by means of monitoring by the
manufacturers).
The output quantity and the preheating capacity must be
adjusted to the welding job.
Special requirements on the welding machines and the welding
devices are described in Supplement 2 to this technical code.
6.2 Requirements on the welding shoes
The joining pressure necessary for the welding is applied to the
joining faces with the welding shoe via the welding filler. At the
same time, the welding shoe shapes and smooths the weld
surface.
Therefore, the welding shoes must correspond to the welding job,
must be structurally adjusted to the respective weld shapes and
thicknesses (Fig. 7), must have smooth, anti-adhesive surfaces
and must be sufficiently temperature-resistant.
a) Welding shoe for
single-V welds
b) Welding shoe for
fillet welds
Normen-Download-Beuth-FINMA S.A. / Org.Techint-KdNr.7046465-LfNr.4612421001-2009-10-01 09:41
Figure 7. Representations of welding shoe designs.
As a rule, they are made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). This
material possesses the specified properties and is easy to
machine.
The lengths of the press-on zone and the smoothing surface
should not be less than the minimum lengths specified in Table 1.
This ensures that the joining pressure acts during a minimum
time and that the necessary bond can thus be produced
throughout the joining area (especially the weld root and the weld
sidewalls).
The weld overlap ∆b should be more than or equal to 0.2 times
the joining part thickness but it should be min. 3 mm.
The weld reinforcement ∆s should be 0.1 - 0.2 times the joining
part thickness.
The "nose" located on the front part prevents the material from
flowing ahead, is a prerequisite for the generation of the
necessary joining pressure and supports the forward movement
of the welding device. It must correspond to the welding groove
shape but must not touch the welding groove faces during the
welding.
The gap between the nose and the weld sidewalls should be
1 - 3 mm depending on the weld thickness.
The undercut on the contact surfaces prevents molten base
material from being pushed away.
When press-on tools are used for discontinuous welding, the
above stipulations are applicable correspondingly.
Table 1. Guide values for welding shoe dimensions.
Seam depth s for V-seams s Pressing length LA
(mm) (mm)
to 15 35
> 15 to 20 45
> 20 to 30 55
6.3 Requirements on the preheating
The preheating must guarantee that the joining faces and the
areas of the weld overlap, Fig. 8, are sufficiently plastified even
when the welding groove geometry changes. The welding shoes
and the preheating (nozzle geometry, air volume and hot gas
temperature) must be coordinated.
6.4 Requirements on the materials and their weldability
Semi-finished products and welding fillers (wire and granules)
must be suitable for extrusion welding. One prerequisite for
welded joints which should meet the requirements according to
DVS 2203 is the use of a welding filler of the same type as the
base material but at least of a similar type.
For the semi-crystalline materials (such as PE, PP and PVDF),
reference is made to the melt index as a characteristic parameter
for the weldability. If the melt index (MFR) values of the welding
partners are within the permissible melt index ranges in
DVS 2207-1, -11 and -15, weldability may be assumed in
general. If two semi-finished products in different MFR groups
from these ranges are to be welded with each other, it is
necessary to choose a welding filler whose MFR value is
between that of the combination of semi-finished products. For
PE-HD, PP and PVDF, attention must be paid to the instructions
in the scope of application of the DVS 2207-1, 2207-11 and
2207-15 technical codes. If the melt index is outside the
authorised ranges in the specified technical codes, the welding
evidence according to DVS 2203-4 must be provided in the
tensile creep test.
The following applies to amorphous materials such as PVC:
"Only semi-finished products of the same moulding material type
are weldable."

The semi-finished products and the welding fillers must be
marked correspondingly and unmistakably (in the case of
welding fillers, on the packaging).
Only semi-finished products with stipulated quality requirements
should be welded (e.g. works certificate according to DIN EN
10204).
The welding fillers must meet the requirements according to the
DVS 2211 technical code and DIN EN 12943.
The base and filler materials must be available in a flawless
processing condition and must be dry and clean.
If there are any doubts that the semi-finished products and/or the
welding filler are similar (e.g. due to a lack of labelling) or if any
material changes are to be feared due to:
– improper storage
– low joining part temperatures
- soiling
– ageing
– operating influences (media or temperatures)
it is necessary to establish the weldability by means of tests on
trial welds. Agreement must be reached with regard to the type
and scope of the tests. Instructions about this are given in the
DVS 2203-1 and 2201-2 technical codes.
6.5 Requirements on the welders
Hot gas extrusion welding is a welding process for which not only
comprehensive knowledge with regard to the materials to be
welded and to the handling of the machines and devices but also
high skills in the execution are prerequisites.
The welder must have passed a qualification test according to
the DVS 2212-1 technical code, Qualification Test Group II, and
must possess a valid test certificate.
6.6 Requirements on the quality of the welded joints
If the welds are executed properly according to this technical
code, those minimum requirements on the quality of the welds
which are specified in the DVS 2203-1 technical code (welding
factors and bending angles) are sure to be met. With regard to
the application in question, to statutory stipulations if needed
(Water Management Act, Pressure Device Directive etc.) and to
the necessary dimensioning, the customer and the manufacturer
should agree on the corresponding requirements on the
Normen-Download-Beuth-FINMA S.A. / Org.Techint-KdNr.7046465-LfNr.4612421001-2009-10-01 09:41
component and on the welded joints and should stipulate these.
Instructions and criteria for stipulating the quality are described in
the DVS 2202-1 technical code. The inclusion of the weld quality
in the component calculation is described in the DVS 2205-1 to
-5 technical codes.
If necessary, the evidence of the demanded quality may be
provided within the framework of establishing its suitability on trial
welds with reference to DVS 2212-1. This applies especially to
materials for which no requirements have yet been stipulated in
the specified technical codes (e.g. PVC-C).
7 Start-up of the welding machines and setting of the
welding parameters
The start-up is carried out according to the operating instructions
from the machine manufacturer.
Extrudate residues in the extruder, at the outlet opening as well
as, if applicable, in the transport hose must be melted completely
before the extrusion drive is switched on.
In order to avoid the use of thermally predamaged welding filler,
the reheated melt should be extruded out completely before the
beginning of the welding. This also applies to longer interruptions
in the work. The maximum dwell times are dependent on the
material in question (in the case of PE-HD and PP, approx.
5 min). In the case of thermally sensitive materials such as PVC
and PVDF, it is to be recommended to keep the extruder running
during the interruption in the welding.
Page 5 to DVS 2207-4
If the material is changed, it must be ensured, by means of
cleaning or extruding-out, that all the material in the welding
extruder is replaced. If necessary, the nozzles must be changed.
In the case of Machine Variant II, the hose must always be
changed as well. It is recommended not to use the same extruder
for different materials in practice.
The welding filler must be dry. If necessary, it must be dried
before use (e.g. several hours in an exhaust air oven at
temperatures of approx. 60 - 80°C). Attention must be paid to the
information from the welding filler manufacturer.
While the machine is running, the required material temperature
is checked directly at the material outlet in the middle of the
strand using the prick sensor of a quick-display temperature
gauge.
The control measurement of the hot air temperature is taken in
the hot air nozzle between the nozzle outlet plane and a depth of
5 mm using a precision probe with a diameter of approx. 1 mm
(see the instructions in DVS 2207-4, Supplement 2).
The stipulated air volume must be checked in the case of devices
with an external air supply. It is necessary to ensure the flawless
function of devices with an internal air supply.
The material and hot gas temperatures must be checked
immediately before the beginning of the welding. Repeat checks
are recommendable in the case of a welding job lasting a longer
time or after interruptions in the work.
All the measurements must be taken with regularly checked
measuring instruments (according to DVS 2207-4, Supplement
2) and must be documented (Appendix 2).
8 Welding preparation
The welding grooves of the joining parts are prepared according
to Section 5.
It must be guaranteed that the welding head of the machine or
device has sufficient accessibility to the joining faces. Welding
out of position should be avoided or minimised because of the
required counterpressure to be applied by the welder. It must be
ensured that the welder is not hindered during the welding as a
result of the necessary readjustment of the connecting cables
and hoses as well as of the welding filler.
8.1 Equipment
The following equipment constitutes the minimum requirements
for the proper execution of the welded joints:
– hot gas extrusion welding device according to the welding job
and this technical code
– welding shoes according to the welding job
– flow meter for welding gas
–- temperature gauge according to DVS 2207-4, Supplement 2
– suitable measuring instruments for checking the misalignment,
the diameter and the thickness
– suitable storage space for the devices
– scraper and scraper blade
– personal protective equipment
– dust protection for the welding wire
– sufficient lighting
– protective measures against weathering influences (see
Section 8.2)
– special cleaning agent (not swelling, dissolving or containing
greasy) and non-fraying rags
– welding parameters according to DVS 2207-4, Supplement 1
and/or instructions from the manufacturers of the semi-finished
products
– welding record sheet according to Appendix 2
 Page 6 to DVS 2207-4
8.2 Protective measures against environmental influences
The ambient conditions may exert a fundamental influence on the
welding operation and thus on the quality of the joint. Therefore,
attention must be paid to the following:
– The welding area must be protected from unfavourable
weathering influences (such as moisture, formation of
condensation water, wind, draughts and temperatures below
+ 5°C).
– If it is ensured, by taking suitable measures (e.g. preheating,
tenting or heating), that a semi-finished product temperature
sufficient for the welding can be complied with, the welding
may be carried out at any outdoor temperature – provided that
the dexterity of the welder is not hindered. If necessary,
additional evidence must be provided by manufacturing and
testing trial welds in the existing conditions.
– In the case of non-uniformly tempered joining parts (e.g. due to
solar radiation on one side, in the case of different storage
conditions etc.), the temperatures must be equalised before
the welding.
9 Welding
9.1 Preparation of the joining faces
The joining faces must not be damaged, oxidised or soiled.
Therefore, they and the adjacent weld overlap areas must be
subjected to chip-producing machining immediately before the
welding.
Chip-producing tools such as scrapers, scraper blades, milling
cutters and saws are suitable. Grinding tools are only permissible
if it is possible to exclude the soiling caused by inputting
abrasives and the overheating of the surfaces.
Especially in the case of joining parts which have been exposed
to the influence of UV or media for a long time, the damaged
layer may be so deep that the residual wall thickness, including
the static requirements, must be checked after the machining-off.
If the joining faces must be cleaned, it is necessary to use special
cleaning agents which do not contain any grease.
9.2 Tacking
Tacking serves to fix the joining parts in their planned positions in
relation to each other in order to exclude any changes in the
Normen-Download-Beuth-FINMA S.A. / Org.Techint-KdNr.7046465-LfNr.4612421001-2009-10-01 09:41
positions of the joining parts during the welding. Tacking is
usually carried out by means of the partial or continuous high-
speed hot gas welding of a root layer with a welding filler wire.
9.3 Execution of a weld
Before the beginning of the welding operation, the welding shoe
must be heated up (e.g. using a baffle plate) since welding with a
cold welding shoe results in a rough and uneven weld surface.
This also applies to press-on tools in the case of discontinuous
welding.
The start of the weld is preheated and completely melted with hot
air. Immediately before the welding shoe is placed on the welding
groove, the welding filler which has already emerged is removed
from the welding shoe opening. After the filling of the groove, the
material pressure builds up due to the counterpressure generat-
ed by the welder and the forward movement of the welding shoe
begins.
In the case of manual welding, the welding speed is determined
by the material output of the extruder and the size of the weld
cross-section.
The preheating of the joining parts must be adjusted to the
welding speed in such a way that the base material is plastified
down to a depth of 0.5 - 1 mm.
The plastification zone must be wider than the weld width. Guide
value: weld width + 2 • (0.2 • joining part thickness s) (see Fig.
8).
The melting depth is checked directly in front of the welding shoe.
This may be carried out with a thin, blunt tool.
The welder must ensure that the molten base material at the weld
sidewalls is not pushed off by the welding shoe nose.
In the case of restarts and at the end of circumferential welds, it is
necessary to diagonally machine off the already executed ends
of the weld.
Figure 8. Example of a single-V butt weld with representation of the mel-
ting zones and the weld overlap.
In order to avoid the excessively rapid cooling of the top layer
and the resulting formation of shrinkage cavities, it is
recommended to cover the extrusion weld immediately after the
welding.
If multi-layer welds are necessary, the cooled weld sidewalls and
surfaces of the already welded layers must be subjected to chip-
producing machining.
Design-induced modifications to the weld geometry in the weld
path (e.g. in the case of segment bends and branches) demand
particularly careful guidance of the welding shoe. If necessary,
the welding shoe must be changed.
In the case of semi-automatic and fully automatic systems and
facilities for extrusion welding, the welding parameters (the
material output, the preheating and the welding speed) must be
coordinated and must be set correspondingly.
It is recommended to manufacture trial welds.
In the case of discontinuous welding, the welding filler is
extracted from the extruder with the quiver and is inserted into
the plastified welding groove section by section. The joining
pressure is applied with the press-on tool across all the cross-
sectional areas of the weld (central and edge areas) in several
operations and the weld surface is shaped at the same time.
9.4 Finish machining of the welds
Subject to corresponding welding shoe formation and machine
guidance during the welding, finish machining of the welds is not
necessary (in this respect, see also DVS 2202-1, Table 5).
It is imperative to remove the lateral flow which may be pressed
through under the contact surfaces of the welding shoe.
Reinforced weld beads and reinforced weld roots must be
machined off correspondingly without any notches.
The weld may only be machined off after sufficient cooling.
9.5 Thermal after-treatment of the welds
Residual welding stresses can be reduced by means of
tempering. The tempering conditions depend on the material and
the component. Attention must be paid to the information from
the manufacturers of the semi-finished products.
9.6 Welding record sheet
The completely filled-in welding record sheet documents the
welding conditions and parameters amongst other details. It is
the foundation for the evaluation of the weld quality by the
welding supervisor (compare DVS 2213, specimen record sheet
in Appendix 2).
 Page 7 to DVS 2207-4

10 Testing of the welded joints

A distinction is made between non-destructive and destructive

test procedures. They are listed in Table 2 "Possible test
procedures" for the most frequent weld shapes.

Table 2. Usual test procedures for extrusion welds, applicability and requirements.

Non-destructive tests
Visual inspection of Visual inspection, according to DVS 2202-1 and 2206. The evaluation group must be stipulated in each
the undestroyed weld individual case.
(external findings)
Leak test with a partial Using suitable vacuum bell jars and a foaming liquid; the test conditions must be stipulated in each
vacuum individual case. Usual test pressure: -0.4 bar to -0.6 bar.

Leak test with electric The type of test device (with or without an antipole) and the test voltage must be stipulated in each
high voltage individual case. Test technique according to DVS 2206, Section 3.3.1.4.

Radiographic test Applicable; statement with the number, positions, shapes and sizes of pores, shrinkage cavities and
comparable defects possible. Test technique according to DVS 2206, Section 3.5.

Ultrasonic test Applicable to PE-HD, with restrictions to PP (statement about voids, not about quality). Test technique
according to DVS 2206, Section 3.4.

Pressure test Application usually for pipelines; test conditions according to the Pressure Device Directive. Test execution
according to DVS 2210-1, Supplement 2 and DIN 4279-7. Meaningfulness: leak tightness, experimental
evidence of the operational safety.
Destructive tests
Visual inspection of Formation of the executed weld cross-section (weld geometry), internal findings according to DVS 2202-1,
the weld cross-section Tables 4 and 5. Fracture pattern of the weld destroyed in the tensile test or in the technological bending
test.
Tensile test Execution according to DVS 2203-2: short-time tensile welding factor; DVS 2203-4: creep rupture welding
factor; minimum requirements according to DVS 2203-1. Test not applicable to fillet and single-bevel butt
welds.
Technological bending Execution according to DVS 2203-5, minimum requirements (bending angle) according to DVS 2203-1.
test Test not applicable to fillet and single-bevel butt welds.

The visual inspection concentrates, in particular, on the weld
shape, the notch-free surfaces and peripheral zones, the
optimum weld filling, the full weld penetration on the root side and
the joining part misalignment.
Normen-Download-Beuth-FINMA S.A. / Org.Techint-KdNr.7046465-LfNr.4612421001-2009-10-01 09:41
In explosion-protected areas, attention must be paid to the valid
safety regulations with regard to the welding work and any
measures which may be necessary must be agreed on with the
safety officer responsible; in this respect, see the Operational
Safety Ordinance (BetrSichV).

With ultrasonic and X-ray testing (see the DVS 2206 technical
code), flaws can be detected in the interior of the welds without
any destruction. However, on their own, they do not provide a
sufficient indication of the quality of the welded joint. Moreover,
the utilisation possibilities of these test procedures are limited
with regard to the weld geometry and the weld thickness.
For the designation and evaluation of defects, reference is made
to the DVS 2202-1 technical code.
It is necessary to stipulate the type and scope of the tests to be
performed in each individual case.
Material-specific tests are indicated in DVS 2201-1 and general
tests such as dimensional accuracy or surface assessment in
DVS 2206.
11 Safety instructions
Hazardous decomposition products and health-endangering
fumes result from the overheating of some materials (such as.
PVC, PVDF and E-CTFE) or already develop during the welding
of other materials (such as FEP, MFA, PFA and PTFE). On the
basis of the DIN safety data sheets to be submitted by the
manufacturer, the contractor must elaborate operating
instructions which comply with Section 20 of the Hazardous
Substances Ordinance (GefStoffV) and indicate all the potential
hazards and necessary protective measures. It may be
necessary to take further specific protective measures in each
individual case.
12 Standards and technical codes which are also
applicable
DIN 1910-3 Welding of plastics – Processes
DIN V 4279-7 Internal pressure testing of pressure piping for
(preliminary water – Pressure pipes made of low-density
standard) polyethylene PE-LD, pressure pipes made of
high-density polyethylene PE-HD (PE 80 and
PE 100), pressure pipes made of cross-linked
polyethylene PE-X and pressure pipes made of
unplasticised polyvinyl chloride PVC-U
DIN 16960-1 Welding of thermoplastics – Principles
DIN 32502 Defects in welded joints made of plastics –
Classification, designations and explanations
DIN EN 12943 Welding fillers for thermoplastics – Scope of
application, marking, requirements and testing
DIN EN ISO Plastics – Code letters and codes – Part 1: Base
1043-1 polymers and their particular properties
DVS 2201-2 Testing of semi-finished products made of
thermoplastics – Weldability – Test procedures
– Requirements
DVS 2202-1 Defects in welded joints between thermoplastics
– Characteristics, description and evaluation
DVS 2203 Testing of welded joints between panels and
pipes made of thermoplastics
 Page 8 to DVS 2207-4

-1 Test procedures – Requirements DVS 2207-4, Welding of thermoplastics – Extrusion welding

-2 Tensile test Supplement 2 of pipes, piping parts and panels –
Requirements on the welding machines and
-4 Tensile creep test welding devices
-5 Technological bending test DVS 2207-11 Welding of thermoplastics – Heated tool welding
DVS 2205 Calculation of tanks and apparatus made of of pipes, piping parts and panels made of PP
thermoplastics DVS 2207-15 Welding of thermoplastics – Heated tool welding
-3 Welded joints of pipes, piping parts and panels made of PVDF
-4 Flanged joints DVS 2210-1 Industrial piping made of thermoplastics –
-5 Rectangular tanks Planning and execution – Overground pipe
systems
DVS 2206 Testing of components and structures made of
thermoplastics DVS 2211 Welding of thermoplastics – Welding fillers –
Marking, requirements and tests
DVS 2207-1 Welding of thermoplastics – Heated tool welding
of pipes, piping parts and panels made of DVS 2212-1 Qualification testing of plastics welders –
PE-HD Qualification Test Groups I and II – Hot gas
welding with the torch separate from the filler
DVS 2207-3, Welding of thermoplastics – High-speed hot gas rod, high-speed hot gas welding, heated tool
Supplement 1 welding and hot gas welding with the torch butt welding, sleeve welding with an
separate from the filler rod of pipes, piping parts incorporated electric heating element, heated
and panels – Welding parameters tool sleeve welding and hot gas extrusion
DVS 2207-3, Welding of thermoplastics – High-speed hot gas welding
Supplement 2 welding and hot gas welding with the torch DVS 2225 Joining of sealing sheets made of polymer
separate from the filler rod of pipes, piping parts materials in earthwork construction and water
and panels – Requirements on the welding engineering
devices and accessories
DVS 2207-4, Welding of thermoplastics – Extrusion welding DIN standards can be obtained from Beuth Verlag, Berlin and
Supplement 1 of pipes, piping parts and panels – Welding DVS technical codes from Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte
parameters Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, Düsseldorf.
Normen-Download-Beuth-FINMA S.A. / Org.Techint-KdNr.7046465-LfNr.4612421001-2009-10-01 09:41

Appendix 1: Brief instructions for the welding
1. Put together the welding equipment (Section 8.1)
– valid welder's certificate
– hot gas extrusion welding device corresponding to the welding
job, including the operating instructions
– possibly hot gas welding device for tacking the joining parts
– welding shoes according to the weld shape
– flow meter for welding gas
– temperature gauge with sensors for measuring the hot gas and
the extrudate as well as the temperature of the semi-finished
products
– suitable measuring instruments for checking the misalignment,
the diameter and the thickness
– storage space for the devices
– scraper and scraper blade
– personal protective equipment
– dust protection for the welding wire
– cleaning agent
– Supplement 1: Welding parameters
– Appendix 2: Welding record sheet
– special welding instructions
2. Check the working conditions and plan the measures
(Section 8.2)
– accessibility
– sufficient lighting
– protective tent
– heating
3. Check the weldability (Section 6.4)
– on the semi-finished products and welding fillers, check that
the information from the manufacturers is correct
– check the condition and cleanness of the joining partners and
possibly clean them
– if necessary, check the weldability of the joining partners by
means of build-up welding according to DVS 2201-2 or trial
Normen-Download-Beuth-FINMA S.A. / Org.Techint-KdNr.7046465-LfNr.4612421001-2009-10-01 09:41
welds
Page 9 to DVS 2207-4
4. Prepare the welds and the joining faces (Section 9.1)
– check, stipulate and manufacture the weld geometry and the
weld shape
– remove the oxide layer from the joining faces by means of
chip-producing machining
5. Tack the joining parts (Section 9.2)
– execute a partial or continuous root layer with a hot gas
welding device
6. Start up and prepare the welding extruder (Section 7)
– check the supply lines (electricity and air) for any possible
hindrances to the welding operation
– connect and start the extruder according to the operating
instructions
– select, adjust and assemble the welding shoe and the hot gas
nozzle according to the weld geometry and the weld shape
– extrude the reheated welding filler out of the cylinder
– set and check the parameters (Appendix 1)
– preheat the welding shoe
7. Welding (Section 9.3)
–- check that the base material is sufficiently plastified (e.g. by
pricking it with a blunt tool)
– check the welding speed and monitor the uniformity
– continuously check the guidance of the welding extruder and
make any corrections needed
– if necessary, prevent any excessively rapid cooling of the weld
surface by covering it
– bevel the ends of the welds before restarts
– protect the welding filler from contaminations
8. Finish-machine the weld (Section 9.4)
– let welded parts cool down sufficiently before unclamping them
and subjecting them to loads
– machine off the lateral weld flow and the weld reinforcements
9. Compile the welding record sheet (Section 9.6)
–- fill in the welding record sheet (Appendix 2) and carry out the
visual inspection according to DVS 2202-1
 Page 10 to DVS 2207-4
Appendix 2: Welding record sheet for the extrusion welding
Extrusion welding of panels and pipes Company logo

Project: Project no.: Protective

Weathering
measures
Drawing no.: Base material (manufacturer, type, batch, date):
1 = Sunny 1 = None

Welder: Welding filler (manufacturer, type, batch, date):

2 = Dry 2 = Screen

Welding certificate no.: / valid untel Welding machine, make, tpye:

3 = Precipita- 3 = Tent
tion

Welding supervisor (3): Year of construction / last machine examination: Process variant according to DVS 2207-4:
4 = Wind 4 = Heating

Date Weld no. Joining part Weld shape Welding Air volume Material Hot gas Welding Ambient tem- Semi-finis- Weathering Protective Visual
thickness (symbol) shoe no. temperature temperature speed perature hed product (code no.) measures evaluation
temperature (code no.)
mm l/min C (1) C (2) cm/min C C

o
Normen-Download-Beuth-FINMA S.A. / Org.Techint-KdNr.7046465-LfNr.4612421001-2009-10-01 09:41

(1) Measured with a pricking thermometer at the extrudate outlet of the welding machine / welding device Remarks: e.g. less favourable conditions
(2) Measured in the middle of the nozzle outlet opening, 5 mm in the nozzle
(3) E.g. specialist for plastics welding according to DVS 2213

Date / signature of the welder Date / signature of the welding supervisor