 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬

١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 
 ٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

-١-
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬W 
 

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  JW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬??‫א‬
‫א‬١٤٩٢‫א‬‫א‬EF
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

-٣-
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W J
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 W J‫א‬–‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  
 
 

-٤-
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٩٦٦ J١٩٦٠‫א‬( Charters ) 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٩٦٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 TOURISM AND TOURIST
 WTOURISM‫א‬ J
K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
?‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬K‫א‬
zE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬Kx‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬zE١١٢ J١١١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 x‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬?‫?א‬?‫?א‬
zE٤F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬?‫?א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،????x‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬TOURISMTOUR‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬
 K…‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K…‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢٤
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬
 
 Tourist ‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬…‫א‬،،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K…‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K٢٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬،E٩F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬W 
 W‫א‬
 ،
  JW‫א‬
 W‫א‬W 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
 K‫א‬ J١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
 K‫א‬ J١٣
 
 W‫א‬W 
 K J١
 KEF J٢
 
 W‫א‬W 
 K‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬ J٣
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 K‫א‬ J٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬
 K J١
 K J٢
 K J٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
Domestic Tourism‫א‬ J١
 In Bound Tourism  J٢
 W‫א‬W 
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J١
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 W‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬،،‫א‬،،‫א‬
 K…،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K…‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  JW‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

- ١١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 K‫א‬ J
 K J
 K J
 K‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K…‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
 K J
 K J
 K J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K…‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K…‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K…‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K…‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J٤ J٣‫א‬ J٢K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 KKKKKKKKKK‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 K…‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬E٦F
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬ J١٠
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬، ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

- ١٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 W‫א‬ J١٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K…‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬W 
 Windividual J١
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 WGroupsEF J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
،٥‫א‬
 ‫א‬

- ١٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ J 
 W‫א‬ J١
 ١٤ J٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
٢٣  W‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢١ J١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 W‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥٥ J٣٥‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ J٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬
 W J١
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬EF 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W J٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 EKKKKKF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬–
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K…‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 W Employment‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
١٩٢{٣،‫א‬١١٥ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
،٢٠٠١‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫?؛‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬??٢٠
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬?‫א‬?
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨٠‫א‬٦٠،١٢‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،٢٠١٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K??K‫א‬
K‫א‬٢٦٥١٩٩‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?
‫א‬??K٢٠٢٠٢٠‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

- ٢٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 
 
 W‫א‬ J٢
 
 
 W‫א‬ J٣
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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:‫اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  J ١
  J ٢
  J ٣
  J ٤
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J٢
 K ٢٤،‫א‬
 
١٤ J٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬
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 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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:‫اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  J٢ J١
  J٤       J ٣
 

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 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

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