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12 6 12 6
L3
L2 L3 L2
6 4 6 2
2 Stiffness matrix for the
K EI L L L2 L basic beam element
12 6 12 6 referred to local
L3 L2 L3 L2
6 coordinates
2 6 4
2
L L L2 L
Example No. 1
Compute the displacements, reactions and internal forces for the beam shown in the
figure. Assume EI constant
P P
1 2 3 4
a c a
v2 2 v3 3
12 6 12 6 v
c3
c2
2
c2 c3
6 4 6 2
2
K 2 3 EI c c c2 c 2
12 6 12 6 v3
c3 c2 c3 c2
6 2 6 4
2
c c c2 c 3
v3 3 v4 4
12 6 12 6
a3 2 3 2 v3
a a a
6 4 6 2
2
3
2
K 3 4 EI a a a a
12 6 12 6 v4
a3 a 2
a 3
a 2
6 2 6 4
2
a a a 2
a 4
Applying boundary conditions v1 = v4 = 0 , θ1 = θ4 = 0
And symmetry conditions v2 = v3 , θ2 = - θ3
v2 2 v3 3
12 12 6 6 12 6
a 3 c 3 a 2 c 2 2 v2
3
c c
6 6 4 4 6 2
a 2 c 2 a c c2 c 2
K EI
12 6 12 12 6 6 v
3 3 3 2 2 3
c c2 a c c a
6 2 6 6 4 4
2 2 2 3
c c c a c a
v2 2 v3 3
12c 3 12a 3 6c 2 6a 2 12 6
v2
a 3c 3 a 2c 2 c3 c2
6c 6a 4c 4a
2 2
6 2
K EI a c
2 2
ac c2 c 2
2
12 6 12a 12c 3
3
6a 6c v3
2
3
c c2 a 3c 3 a 2c 2
6 2 6a 2 6c 2 4a 4c
2
c c a 2c 2 ac 3
From X K U
v2 2 v3 3
12c 3 12a 3 6c 2 6a 2 12 6
a 3c 3 a 2c 2 c3 c2
Y2 P v2
6c 6a 4c 4a
2 2
6 2
M 0
2 a 2c 2 ac c2 c 2
EI
Y3 P 12 6 12a 3 12c 3 6a 2 6c 2 v3 v 2
3
M 3 0 c c2 a 3c 3 a 2 c 2 3 2
6 2 6a 2 6c 2 4a 4c
c2 c a 2c 2 ac
12c 3 12 a 3 6c 2 6a 2 12 6
Y2 P
a 3c 3 2 2
a c
v 2 c 3
c 2 v2
EI EI
2 2
M2 0 6c 6 a
2 2
4c 4a 2 2
6
a 2 c 2 ac c c
12c 3 12a 3 12 6c 2 6a 2 6
Y2 3 3
3 2 v
2 a c c a 2c 2 c 2
EI
M 2 6c 6a 6
2
4c 4a 2 2
a 2 c 2 c2 ac c
12 6
2
Y a 3
a 2 v 2
EI 6 4c 2a
M 2 2 2
a ac
Solve for displacement and rotation
1
12 6
2
v a3 a 2 Y2
EI 6 4c 2a M 2
2 2
a ac
Solve for inverse
4c 2 a 6
ac 2
a
1 12 a 3 2c a a 2c
12 6 2
6
a3 a2 a a3 6 2a c 22a c
6
4c 2a 12 4c 2a 6 6 a 2c ac
2 3 2 2
a ac a ac a a 22a c 2a c
a 3 2c a a 2c
v 2 1 6 2a c
22a c Y2 P
2 EI a c M 2 0
2
ac
22a c 2a c
1 a 3 2c a
v2 P v3
EI 6 2a c
1
2
a 2c
P 3
EI 22a c
To solve for reactions and moments, consider the total stiffness matrix
12 EI P a 3 2c a 6 EI P a 2c
Y1 3 P
a EI 6 2a c a 2 EI 22a c
12 EI P a 3 2c a 6 EI P a 2c
Y4 P
a 3 EI 6 2a c a 2 EI 22a c
6 EI P a 3 2c a 2 EI P a 2 c aa c P
M1 2
a EI 6 2a c a EI 22a c 2a c
6 EI P a 3 2c a 2 EI P a 2 c aa c P
M4
a 2 EI 6 2a c a EI 22a c 2a c