Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Power
Prepared By
Dhondiram Karkare
What is Energy
Ø Energy makes change; it does things for us.
Ø It moves cars along the road and boats over the
water.
Ø It bakes a cake in the oven and keeps ice frozen
in the freezer.
Ø It plays our favorite songs on the radio and lights
our homes.
● Fifth level
Sources:
http://www.atomicarchive.com/Fission/Fission1.shtml
9/10/10 BMS Evening College of 99
Nuclear fusion
Click to edit Master text styles Click to edit Master text styles
Second level Second level
● Third level ● Third level
P = ½ * ρ * A * V3
1) Power in the wind is correlated 1:1 with area and is extremely sensitive to
wind speed (the cubic amplifies the power significantly)
● Fifth level
● Fourth level
● Fifth level
9/10/10 BMS Evening College of 3838
Engg., Bangalore
Turbines: Different Sizes and Application
Large (500 kW – 5
MW)
• Central Station Wind
Farms
• Distributed Power
• Offshore Wind
165-220 ft TOWER
Apx. 100 ft.
9/10/10 BMS Evening College of 4040
Wind Turbine Schematic
©2009
9/10/10 BMS Evening College of abcteach.com
4545
What is Solar Energy?
Photovoltaic
Energy produced (solar) panel
by the sun
Clean,
renewable
source of energy
Harnessed by
solar collection
methods such as Sun and electrical
power lines
solar cells Set of solar panels
Photovoltaic
Light Electricity
Generate electricity
directly from sunlight Silicon-based
solar cell
2 Main types:
Single-crystal silicon
(traditional)
● Widespread
● Expensive to Dye-
manufacture sensitized
solar cell
Dye-sensitized
(“nano”)
9/10/10 BMS Evening College of 4848
●
Solar Cells are Converters of
Energy…
Solar cells are
devices that take
light energy as
Light energy
input and convert it
into energy
Electrical electrical
energy
(carried through
wires)
Solar cell -
converts light
energy to
electricity
1. Industrial Applications
1. Commercial Buildings
Advantages
ü The most promising renewable
energy source
ü Non-polluting
ü No requirement for maintanance
ü Infinite energy source: Sun
Disadvantages
High Cost.
Too high investment
for household budgets.
The savings are long-
term.
9/10/10 BMS Evening College of 5656
Solar Energy
● Fourth level
● Fifth level
First generation,
barrage-style tidal
power plants
Works by building
Barrage to contain
water after high tide,
then water has to
pass through a
turbine to return to
low tide
Sites
9/10/10
in France (La
BMS Evening College of 6262
Second-generation tidal power plants
Waves are caused by a number of forces, i.e. wind, gravitational pull from the sun and
moon, changes in atmospheric pressure, earthquakes etc. Waves created by wind are the
most common waves. Unequal heating of the Earth’s surface generates wind, and wind
blowing over water generates waves.
This energy transfer results in a concentration of the energy involved: the initial solar
power level of about 1 kW/m2 is concentrated to an average wave power level of 70kW/m
of crest length. This figure rises to an average of 170 kW/m of crest length during the
winter, and to more than 1 MW/m during storms.
Wave energy performance measures are characterized by diffuse energy, enormous forces
during storms, and variation over wide range in wave size, length, period, and direction.
Wave energy is an irregular and oscillating low-frequency energy source that must be
converted to a 60-Hertz frequency
9/10/10 before
BMS it canCollege
Evening be added
of to the electric utility grid.
6868
Engg., Bangalore
Oscillating Water Columns
Disadvantages
Depends on the waves - sometimes you'll get loads of energy,
sometimes nothing.
Needs a suitable site, where waves are consistently strong.
Must be able to withstand very rough weather.
Disturbance or destruction of marine life
Possible threat to navigation from collisions because the wave energy
9/10/10rise only a few feet BMS
devices Evening
above College of
the water. 7171
Engg., Bangalore
Geothermal Energy
Geothermal Water Cycle
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
● Third level
● Fourth level
● Fifth level
● Fifth level
Land Water
Vegetation loss Watershed impact
Soil erosion Damming streams
Landslides Hydrothermal eruptions
Lower water table
Air
Subsidence
Slight air heating
Noise
Local fogging
Ground Benign overall
Reservoir
9/10/10
cooling BMS Evening College of 9191
Single Flash Plant
Schematic
Anaerobic Digestion
Second level
● Third level
● Fourth level
Floating Gasholder drum
● Fifth level
BMS Evening College of
design
9/10/10
Spherical shaped fixed
Click to edit Master text styles
-dome plant
Second level
● Third level
● Fourth level
● Fifth level
Category Capacity
Application
Large Hydel Plant 50 MW to 1000 MW
Large Cities
Small
9/10/10 Hydel Plant 1 MW
BMS Evening Collegeto
of 50 MW 110110
Contd…
No CO2 or other
harmful emissions
Fossil fuels like oil and
gas will become more
and more expensive
Is very reliable
Sulphuric Acid
Oil Refineries Plants
3% 2% Others
1%
Steel
5%
Thermal Power
Plants
89%
Advantages
Endurance, reliability, speed
No air required for combustion
No NBC warfare problem
Disadvantages
High costs & weight for shielding
Long startup time
Manpower & training requirements
Radiological problems
9/10/10 BMS Evening College of 120120
Diesel Plant
Advantages
High efficiency @ all loads
Low initial cost and specific fuel cost (SFC)
Reliability
Few operators needed
Disadvantages
Capacity limitations & space considerations
High maintenance & overhaul
High lube oil consumption
Noise
9/10/10 BMS Evening College of 121121
What is Cogeneration?
Simultaneous production of electricity and
thermal energy
President Carter coined the phrase
cogeneration in the 1970s
Also called Combined Heat and Power
(CHP)
Thermal demand can include hot water,
steam, space heating, cooling, and
refrigeration
Bagasse
14%
Coal
14%
Natural gas
Waste gas 55%
10%
Liquid fuels
Renew able gases
6%
1%