Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Abstract Over the past several years, companies are pairing diversity efforts with inclusion initiatives and roles
surrounding innovations that promote diversity of thought [13]. However, much return on investment (ROI) focus
has been on business and corporate functioning in general, but not on specifics related to information governance
(IG). We address this research gap byconsidering various return on investment (ROI) metrics and what might
ground the benefits of diversity and inclusion initiatives related to IG policy. Then, wesuggest what the results
mean in terms of changing and influencing current industry practices.
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information governance. For our purposes, we will 9. The first step in information risk planning is
refer to the Association of Records Mangers and to consider the applicable laws and
Administrators (ARMA) definition. regulations that apply to your organization
According to the Association of Records in the jurisdiction in which it conducts
Managers and Administrators (ARMA), IG is “a business.
strategic framework composed of standards, 10. Developing a risk profile is a basic building
processes, roles, and metrics that hold block in enterprise risk management, which
organizations and individuals accountable to assists executives in understanding the risks
create, organize, secure, maintain, use, and associated with stated business objectives
dispose of information in ways that align with and in allocating resources within a
and contribute to the organization’s goals” [16]. structured evaluation approach or
The above definition is clear and provides a framework.
broad enough description to encompass a variety of 11. An information risk mitigation plan is a
practices surrounding the managing of information, critical part of the IG planning process.
storage, and disposal. Next, we will briefly cover 25 12. Proper metrics are required to measure the
best IG-related practices. conformance and performance of your IG
program.
2.2 Current IG Best Practices 13. IG programs must be audited for
“The following is a list of 25 IG best practices: effectiveness.
1. IG is a key underpinning for a successful 14. An enterprise wide retention schedule is
records management(RM) program. preferable, because it eliminates the
2. IG is not a project but rather an ongoing possibility that different business units will
program. have conflicting records retention periods.
3. Using an IG framework or maturity model is 15. Senior management must set the tone and
helpful in assessing and guiding IG lead sponsorship for vital records program
programs. governance and compliance.
4. Defensible deletion of data debris and 16. Business processes must be redesigned to
information that no longer has value is improve and optimize the management and
critical in the era of Big Data. security of information and especially the
5. IG policies must be developed before most critical of information, electronic
enabling technologies are deployed to assist records, before implementing enabling
in enforcement. technologies.
6. To provide comprehensive e-document 17. E-mail messages, both inbound and
security throughout a document’s life cycle, outbound, should be archived automatically
documents must be secured upon creation and (preferably) in real time.
using highly sophisticated technologies, 18. Personal archiving of e-mail messages
such as information rights management should be disallowed.
(IRM) technology. 19. Destructive retention of e-mail helps to
7. A records retention schedule and legal hold reduce storage costs and legal risk, while
notification (LHN) process are the two improving “findability” of critical records.
primary elements of a fundamental IG 20. Take a practical approach and limit cloud
program. use to documents that do not have long
8. A cross-functional team is required to retention periods and carry a low litigation
implement IG. risk.
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21. Manage social media content by IG policies suggests that cross-functional teams are important in
and monitor it with controls that ensure forming IG policy.
protection of critical information assets and TheInformation Governance Reference Model
(IGRM) represents a process for IG policy integration
preservation of business records.
that recognizes and considers a variety of stakeholders
22. International and national standards provide [6]. Although diversifying roles when making IG
effective guidance for implementing IG. policy will help mitigate risk, ensuring that a
diversified set of identities and stakeholders are
23. Creating standardized metadata terms should involved is as essential.
be a part of an IG effort that enables faster, “The IGRM is aimed at fostering IG adoption
more complete, and more accurate searches by facilitating communication and collaboration
and retrieval of records. between disparate IG stakeholder functions,
24. Some digital information assets must be including IT, legal, RM, risk management, and
preserved permanently as part of an ongoing business units’ stakeholders” [16; ch6]
organization’s documentary heritage.
25. Executive sponsorship is crucial” [16; ch5]
2.3Types of Diversity
In this section, we will cover several types of
diversity that should be taken into consideration
when forming, maintaining, and implementing IG
policies.
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effectiveness of D/I initiatives is that many times progress may take some serious effort and
companies will conduct internal research using their consultation with stakeholders.Metrics are
own metrics and not share results publically. Another required to measure progress…” [16; ch 4].
reason is that many times, the value (which considers
more than mere financial cost) often results in what Also, use specific metrics when tracking
are called intangible benefits [4]. progress towards an organizational goal. For example,
Intangible benefits include better if your organization is in the service industry, then set
communication, cultivating a corporate culture of a goal related to customer satisfaction. Then, when
respect, and other valuable variables that are implementing an initiative, or change in policy or
extremely difficult to measure. This difficulty brings procedure, the organization will find it easier to test
me to an axiom concerning how to choose what the effectiveness of policy changes.We now consider
metrics to measure. one of the intangible variables discussed earlier in
this subsection and explain why diversifying an
Metrics will be Industry Specific organization’s IG group is important.
The metrics to measure whether D/I efforts have 3.2 Communication& Varying Perspectives
affected an organization’s processes will be industry “The IG approach to governance focuses not on
specific. Simply put, when measuring the benefits of detailed IT or data capture and quality processes but
a value-add initiative, the industry an organization rather on controlling the information that is generated
participates in will affect what could as a beneficial by IT and office systems” [16; ch2].
and effective initiative. Counter-intuitively, traditional IG board members –
• Service Industry: In the retail industry, for executive sponsors, etc. - might not be in the best
example, having a customer focus and D/I positions to inform every IG policies. Who, then,
efforts in handling data may impact should help decide IG policies?
customer satisfaction, and customer’s “Knowledge workers who work with records
perceptions surrounding an organization’s and sensitive information in any capacity best
CSR (corporate social responsibility). understand the nature and value of the records they
• Education: In education, if D/I affect ease of work with” [16; ch3]. Having diversity across job
communication and transferring knowledge, levels, as well as identities, helps communication
data points surrounding the effectiveness of between the IG policy board and other stakeholders
D/I educational developmental learning (i.e. employees).
outcomes Another difficult value to measure from D/I
• Manufacturing: In agriculture, for example, efforts can be a benefit surrounding an organizational
will measure whether productivity, or yield, culture of respect. To be clearer by what this means,
changes after initiatives have been and how we might approach measuring changes in
implemented. corporate culture, we will elaborate on a
• Production: In construction, theeffectiveness second-personal account of respect, which bridges
of D/I efforts efficiencies and time spent on commonplace first-personal accounts, and a Nagel,
a project Kantian, third-personal account.
In short, when making a business case for
various D/I efforts, ensure that careful consideration 3.3 Respect
is spent in determining which metrics should be At this point, we have avoided discussing
tracked both before and after implementation. moralistic arguments surrounding an imperative to
include D/I efforts in IG practice. We will first define
“Determining relevant ways of measuring the concept of respect as requiring a second-personal
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standing towards another in the moral community, account would include Simple Subjectivism. “The
which bridges a conceptual gap between simplest version of the theory is this: When a person
first-personal, agent relative, accounts and says that something is morally good or bad, this
third-personal, agent neutral, accounts. Our means that he or she approves of that thing, or
second-personal stance will take into account the disapproves of it, and nothing more” [14, p. 34]. This
cultural context of how culturally sensitive policies stance means that whether someone evaluates
are developed and implemented. Later, we will something as good or bad is wholly agent-relative.
suggestmeasuringan organization’s respect through However, a third option, besides first personal and
tracking metrics surrounding an organization’s third personal accounts for evaluating the importance
respect-centric practice and ownership of practices of something, seems possible.
indicative of corporate social responsibility (CSR). A second-personal relation considers how moral
In The Possibility of Altruism,Thomas Nagel agents stand in relation to one another. The obligation
outlines a systematic, third-personal, account of a parent has in treating a child well does not stem
respect that does not rely on an agent’s desires or from a first-personal disposition that parent holds for
sympathies. Nagel’s project is to construct an that particular-child. Otherwise, a parent could
altruism, “a considerateness for others”, that went reasonably discard their obligation simply by failing
“beyond the reach of complicated reflections about to hold the disposition. The obligation a parent has in
social advantage, and which does not require the treating a child well also does not stem from a
operation of any specific sentiment” [12;p.82]. His third-personal abstraction that any parent is obligated
aim is to create a universal formal principle that is to take care of any child. Rather, a second-personal
general in scope. He does this first by having us ask stance demonstrates that a particular-parent has an
the question “How would we like it if someone did obligation towards a particular-child precisely
that to us?” which requires imagining ourselves being because of the relation they stand with respect to that
victims, perhaps of violence or a rights violation. particular-child.
Another example will illustrate the point. As I
“You would not only dislike it if someone else eat my frozen strawberry ice cream cone, I do not
treated you in that way; you would resent it. That feel pleasure simply because I am a human eating ice
is, you would think that your plight gave the cream. I also do not feel pleasure from eating the ice
other person a reason to terminate or modify his cream because I have a unique first personal stance.
contribution to it, and that failing to do so he was The more accurate way to describe the situation
acting contrary to reasons which were plainly would be to consider that I stand in a unique relation
available to him” [12; p.83]. to this particular ice cream cone, second-personally.
By using second personal-relational accounts,
Although sympathy is not required, a we can bridge the gap created by first-personal,
perspective-taking ability is necessary to recognize agent-relative, accounts of what is important and
the other person’s reality. What this ability also does third personal, agent neutral, accounts.
is it allow us to abstract our own interests in a In our organizations, measuring engagement and
situation to being someone’s interests in that same Likert-scaled assessments of stress, anxiety, and
way that we can abstract another person’s interests lethargy may be appropriate. Other measurable
into also being someone’s interests. “His interests are elements might include instances of workplace
someone’s interests as much as yours are” [12; p.84]. conflict, the number of complaints, legal suits, and
Contrasting with the third-personal, agent neutral, turnover.
approach is a first-personal stance regarding How we measure an organization’s progress
something as important. A very basic first-personal towards generating respect-centric practices can also
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5.3 HealthyMind
VII. Acknowledgements
The United States is home to a long history of
Brendan Moore is a philosopher and instructional
support groups. Some use support groups for fighting
designer currently working on a leadership
additions, depression, and other mental health issues.
development program at Ochsner Health Systems in
Social Media tools are a great way for keeping others
New Orleans, Louisiana. His background includes 7+
in touch; however, those tools are underutilized
years of university medical ethics teaching at Ohio
concerning mental health issues.
University and several years of work in the area of
HealthyMind is a social media app that can
information technology, instructional technology, and
connect people to groups that will support them.
applied computing systems.
Whether someone is in a city on vacation or has just
Dr. Syed Adeel Ahmedis a faculty member of
moved to a city, HealthyMind can help. As opposed
Division of Business at Xavier University of Louisiana
to Facebook and other social media apps,
and Editorial Board member/Reviewer of UJEEE at
HealthyMind will also ensure user privacy by only
HRPUB.
allowing avatars and generic identifiers of
individuals.
Startup-costs are around $100,000.00, including
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