You are on page 1of 73

References

REFERENCES

Abdennour, C., B. D. Smith, M. S. Boulakoud, B. Samaradui and P. S. Rainbow, 2000. Trace metals in
marine, brackish and freshwater prawns (Crustacea, Decapoda) from northeast Algeria.
Hydrobilogia, 432(1-3): 217-227.

Abdu, U., P. Takac, G. Yehezkel, R. Chayoth and A. Sagi, 1998. Administration of methyl farnesoate
through the Artemia vector and its effect on Macrobrachium rosenbergii larvae. Israeli J. Aqua.,
50(2): 73-81.

Abidi, R., 2003. Use of Probiotics in larval rearing of new candidate species. Aqua. Asia, 15-17.

Abraham, T.J. and R. Palaniappan, 2004. Distribution of luminous bacteria in semi-intensive penaeid
shrimp hatcheries of Tamil Nadu, India. Aquaculture, 232, 81 – 90.

Abraham, T. J., R. Palaniappan and K. Dhevendaran, 1995. Luminous bacteria as indicator of penaeid
shrimp grow-out phase abnormalities. Proc. Natl. Symp. Front. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 11th-
13th Dec., Cochin, India, 231-236.

Abraham, T.J., S. Ghosh, T.S. Nagesh and D. Sasmal, 2004. Distribution of bacteria involved in
nitrogen and sulphur cycles in shrimp culture systems of West Bengal, India. Aquaculture,
239, 275 – 288.

Ackefors, H., J.Castell, I.L. Ostrom, 1997. Preliminary Results on the Fatty Acid Composition of
Freshwater Crayfish, Astacus astacus and PacifQstacus leniusculus, Held in Captivity.
JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, 28, 1, 97 – 105.

Adams, A. and K.D. Thompson, 2011. Development of diagnostics for aquaculture: challenges and
opportunities. Aquaculture Research, 2011, 42, 93^102.

Adhikari, S., 2000. Water and soil quality management in freshwater prawn farming. Fishing Chimes,
20(4): 22-24.

Adhikari, S. and P. K. Saha, 1999. Ammonia toxicity in aquafarming. Fishing Chimes, 19(3): 20-23.

Adhikari, S.A., A. Naqvi, K.C.Pani, B. R. Pillai, J. K. Jena, and N.Sarangi, 2007. Effect of
Manganese and Iron on Growth and Feeding of Juvenile Giant River Prawn, Macrobrachium
rosenbergii (De-Man) JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, 38, 1,
161 – 168.

Aejaz, M., K. Sivakumar and K. Altaff, 2005. Diversity of Phytoplankton of Freshwater ponds of
Chennai. Poll. Res., 24, 121 – 124.

Aflao, E.D., T.T.T. Hoang, V.H. Nguyen, Q. Lam, D.M. Nguyen, Q.S. Trinh, S. Raviv and A. Sagi,
2006. A noval two-step procedure for mass production of all-male populations of the giant
freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquacutlture, 256: 468-478.
Agustin, C. P., 1999. Role of natural productivity and artificial feed in the growth of freshwater prawn,
Macrobrachium borelli (Nobili, 1896) cultured in enclosures. J. Aqua. Trop., 14(1): 47-56.

Ahmed, M. S., S. Ali, S. Shah and G. A. Latifa, 1996. Polyculture of giant freshwater prawn
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) with some carps. Bangladesh J. Zool., 24(2): 103-108.

Ahmed, N. 2004. Freshwater prawn farming in Bangladesh: how cultivation is financed. Shellfish
News 18:17–19.

Ahmed, N., 2005. The role of women in freshwater prawn farming in southwest Bangladesh. Fish
Farmer 28 (2), 14–16.
Ahmed N., Ahammed F., Rahman S., Begum T.M. & Haque M.Z. 2005. A study on catching and
marketing of freshwater prawn post-larvae in southwest Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of
Fisheries 29,113-118.

Ahmed, N,, F.Ahammed and M.V. Brakel, 2008a. An Economic Analysis of Freshwater Prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Farming in Mymensingh, Bangladesh JOURNAL OF THE
WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, 39, 1, 37 – 50..

Ahmed, N., H. Demaine and J.F. Muir, 2008b. Freshwater prawn farming in Bangladesh: history,
present status and future prospects. Aquaculture Research, 2008, 39, 806-819

Ahn, Y. B., H. G. Cho, B. R. Min and Y. K. Choi, 1999. Effects of acidification on the changes of
microbial diversity in aquatic microcosms. Korean. J. Biol. Sci., 3: 153-159.

Aiken, D.E, and W.W.Young-Lai, 1979. Cheliped ablation and immobilization: methods for
improving survival and growth of juvenile American lobsters in communal culture tanks.
Proceedings of theWorld Mariculture Society 10,159-161.

Aiken, D.E, and W.W.Young-Lai, 1981. Dactylotomy, chelotomy and dactylostasis. Methods for
enhancing survival and growth of small lobsters (Homarus americanus) in communal
conditions. Aquaculture 22,45-52.

Aisen, P., C. Enns, and M. Wessling-Resnick. 2001. Chemistry and biology of eukaryotic iron
metabolism. The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 33:940–959.

Akpan, E. R. and N. Okafor, 1997. On organic fertilization and plankton development in two
experimental freshwater ponds of Nigeria. J. Aqua. Trop. 147 – 154.

Alam, J., 1992. Moina micrura (Kurz) as a live substitute for Artemia spp. in larval rearing of
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man). Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine
Science, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia.

Alam, M. J., K. J. Ang and S. H. Cheah, 1993a. Use of Moina micrura (Kurz) as an Artemia substitute in
the production of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) postlarvae. Aquaculture, 337-349.

Alam, M. J., K. J. Ang and S. H. Cheah, 1993b. Weaning of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)
larvae from Artemia to Moina micrura (Kurz). Aquaculture, 112: 187-194.
Alam, M. J., K. J. Ang, and M. Begum. 1995. Use of egg custard augmented with cod liver oil and
Moina micruru on production of freshwater prawn postlarvae. Aquaculture International
3:249-259.

Alam, M. J., K. J. Ang and M. Begum, 1996. Ingestion efficiency of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de
Man) larvae feeding on Artemia, Moina micrura (Kurz) and their combination. Aqua. Res., 27:
113-120.

Alam, M.S., S. Teshima, M. Ishikawa, and S. Koshio, 2002a. Dietary amino acid profiles and growth
performance in juvenile kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol.,
133B: 289–297.

Alam, M.S., S. Teshima, and M. Ishikawa, 2002b. Arginine requirement of juvenile Japanese
flounder Paralichthys olivaceus estimated by growth and biochemical parameters.
Aquaculture, 205: 127–140.

Alam, M.S., S. Teshima, M. Ishikawa, and S. Koshio, 2004. Effects of supplementation of coated
crystalline amino acids on growth performance and body composition of juvenile kuruma
shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus. Aquac. Nutr. 10: 309– 316.

Alava, V.R. (1994) The influence of lipids and vitamins in the gonadal development of Penaeus
japonicus. PhD thesis, Kagoshima University, Japan. 164 pp.

Alexander, M. (1977) Introduction to Soil Microbiology. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.

Alexander, M., 1983. Introduction to soil microbiology, 2nd ed., Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, 442 pp.

Al-Harbi, A.H. and M. N. Uddin, 2004a. Quantitative and qualitative study of the bacterial flora of
farmed freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) larvae J. Appl. Ichthyol. 20 (2004),
461–465

Al-Harbi, A.H. and M.N. Uddin, 2004b. Seasonal variation in the intestinal bacteria flora of hybrid
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis aureus) culture in earthen ponds in Saudi
Arabia. Aquaculture, 229, 37 –44.

Ali S. and Sahu N.P., 2002. Response of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) juveniles to fish
silages as substitutes for fish meal in dry diets. Asian Fisheries Science15,59-69.

Allan, G.L., Maguire, G.B., 1992. Effects of stocking density and production of Penaeus monodon
Fabricius in model farming ponds. Aquaculture 107, 49–66.

Allen G.R., 1972. The Anemone fishes:Their Classification and Biology.T. F. H. Publications,
Neptune City, NJ, USA,288pp.

Altaff, K., 1990. Breeding biology of the freshwater plankton, Heliodiaptomus viduus Gurney
(Copepods: Calanoida). Ph.D thesis, Univ. Madras, 1-168.
Altaff, K and K. Sivakumar, 2003. Mass culture of Freshwater Cyclopoid Thermocyclops decipines.
J.Exp. Zool. India, 6(2), 237-243.

Altaff. K., I. D. Begum, M.Gopirishna and k. Sivakumar, 2004. Biodiversity of Copepods of


Chennai Coast - India. Convergence, 6(1- 4), 46 – 60.

Aly, S.M., A.M. Abd-El-Rahman, G. John, M.F. Mohamed, 2008. Characterization of some bacteria
isolated from Oreochromis niloticus and their potential use as probiotics. Aquaculture, 277
(1-2): 1-6.

Aman, S. and K. Altaff, 2004. Biochemical profile of Heliodiaptomus viduus, Sinodiaptomus


(Rhinediaptomus) indicus and Mesocyclops aspercornis and their Dietary Evaluation for
postlarvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Zoological Studies, 43(2) , 267 – 275

Anand, N., 1998. Indian freshwater microalgae. Bighon Singh Mahendra Pal Singh Publ., Dehra dun,
India, 93 pp.

Anderson, I. G., M. Shariff, G. Nash and M. Nash, 1987. Mortalities of juvenile shrimp, Penaeus
monodon, associated with penaeus monodon baculovirus, cytoplasmic reo-like virus and
rickettsial and bacterial infections, from Malaysian brackishwater ponds. Asian Fish. Sci., 1: 47-
64.

Anderson, I. G., M. N. Shamsudin and G. Nash, 1989. A preliminary study on the aerobic heterotrophic
bacterial flora in giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, hatcheries in Malaysia.
Aquaculture, 81(3-4): 213-233.

Anderson, I. G., A. T. Law, M. Shariff and G. Nash, 1990. A parvo-like virus in the giant freshwater
prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J. Invert. Pathol., 55(3): 447-449.

Ang, J., 1990. Evaluation of the production potential of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) in
monoculture in Malaysia, The Second Asian Fisheries Forum, 103 – 106.

Ang, K. J., E. Haren, Md. S. Kamaruddin, R. I. Hetaglong, C. P. Chen, W. E. Wan Mohamed, A. T.


Law and S. Sivarajasingam, 1987. The effect of the binder, basfin on the growth of the giant
freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). (Proc. Tenth Annual Conf Adv. Anim
Food Feed. Trop., Malaysian Soc. Anim. Bod., Genting Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia, 2-4 April,
176-180).

Angelo, C., M. Alberto, D. A. M. Defiana and S. Selvadorai, 1988. Gonadal structure and gametogenesis
in Scyllarus arctus. Bull. Zool., 55(4): 229-306.

Anikumari, N.P., P. Rajan, M. Balramkrishna and K.S. Mohamed, 2003. A preliminary survey on the
use of probiotics by shrimp farmers in Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh. In: Singh, I.S.B., S.S.
Pai, R. Philip and A. Mohandas, (Eds), Aquaculture Medicine, Centre for Fish Diagnosis and
Management, CUSAT, Kochi, India. P123 – 128.

APHA, 1995. American water works association and water pollution control federation. Standard
methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 19th edn., American Public Health
Association, Washington DC, USA.
AQUACOP, 1990. Freshwater prawns. In: Norton, M. (Ed.), Aquaculture. Bookcraft Limited,
London, Great Britain, pp. 501–528.

Armstrong, D. A., D. V. Buchanan and R. S. Caldwell, 1976. A mycosis caused by Lagenidium sp. in
laboratory-reared larvae of the dungeness crab, Cancer magister and possible chemical
treatments. J. Invert. Pathol., 28: 329-36.

Armstrong, D.A., K. Strange, J., Crowe, A. Knight and M. Simmons, 1981. High salinity acclimation
by the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii: uptake of exogenous ammonia and changes in
endogenous nitrogen compound, Biol, Bull., 160: 349 -365.

Arora, H. C., 1962. Studies on Indian Rotifers-India. J. Zool. Soc. India. 14: 33-44.

Aruajo, M.A., and Lawrence, A.L., 1993. Fatty acid profiles of muscle and midgut gland from wild
Penaeus califomiensis, P. occidentalis, P. setiferus, P stylirostris and P. vannamei. J. World
Aqua. Soc., 24: 425-428.
Arun, S. and P. Subramanian, 1998. Antioxidant enzymes in freshwater prawn Macrobrachium
malcolmsonii during embryonic and larval development. Com. Biochem. and Physiol. Part B,
121, 273 – 277.

Arun, S., P. krishnmoorthy and P. Subramanian, 1999. Properties of glutathione peroxidase from the
hepatopancreas of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium malcolmsonii. The Int. J. of Biochem.
and Cell. Biol., 31, 725 – 732.
Asaduzzaman, M., M..A.. Wahab, M.C.J. Verdegem, M.N. Mondal and M.E. Azim , 2008. Effects of
stocking density of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii and addition of different
levels of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus on production in C/N controlled periphyton based
system. Aquaculture, 124, 8 – 18.

Asaduzzaman. M., M.A. Wahab, M.C.J. Verdegem, R.K. Adhikary, S.M.S. Rahman, M.E. Azim,
J.A.J. Verreth, 2010. Effects of carbohydrate source for maintaining a high C:N ratio and fish
driven re-suspension on pond ecology and production in periphyton-based freshwater prawn
culture systems. Aquaculture 301 37–46.

Ashmore, S. B. 1986. Effect on growth and apparent digestibility of diets varying in grain source and
protein level in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Journal of the World Mariculture Society 16:
205–216.

Aungsuchawan, S., C.L. Browdy and B. Withyachumnarnkul, 2011. Sperm capacitation of the
shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture Research, 42, 188-195.

Austin B. and D.A.Austin D., 1985. Microbial quality of water in intensive fish rearing. Journal of
Applied Bacteriology, Symposium Supplement 59, 207S-226S.

Austin, B. and D.A. Austin, 1999. Bacterial Fish Pathogens: Disease of Farmed and Wild Fish. 3rd
revised edn. Springer-Praxis, Godalming.
Austin, B., L. Stuckey, P. Robertson, I. Effendi and D. Griffith, 1995. A probiotic strain of Vibrio
alginolyticus effective in reducing diseases caused by Aeromonas salmonicida, Vibrio
anguillarum and Vibrio ordalli. J. Fish Dis., 18, 93-96.

Avnimelech, Y., Mokady, S., Schoroder, G.L., 1989. Circulated ponds as efficient bioreactors for
single cell protein production. Isr. J. Aquac. 41, 58–66.

Awari S.A. and Kiran D., 1999 Histological and histochemical study of Androgenic gland of
M.rosenbergii (DE MAN), J.Aqua. Trop. 14(2) 101 – 112.

Azim, M.E., Wahab, M.A., van Dam, A.A., Beveridge, M.C.M., Huisman E.A., Verdegem, M.C.J.,
2001. Optimization of stocking ratios of two Indian major carps, rohu (Labeo rohita Ham.)
and catla (Catla catla Ham.) in a periphyton-based aquaculture system. Aquaculture 203, 33-
49.

Azim ME, Wahab MA, Kamal AHM, Ahmed ZE, Verdegem MCJ, 2004. Feeding relations of silver
barb, Barbodes gonionotus (Bleeker) with major Indian and common carp and its effect on
fish production in a polyculture system. J World Aquacult Soc 35:100–108.

Bache`re, E., 2003. Anti-infectious immune effectors in marine invertebrates: potential tools for
disease control in larviculture. Aquaculture 227, 427–438.

Baghel, D S., W.S. Lakra, and G.P.S. Rao, 2004. Altered sex ratio in giant fresh water prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) using hormone bioencapsulated live Artemia feed.
Aquaculture Research, 35, 943-947.

Balamurugan. P., P. Mariappan and C. Balasundaram, 2004. Impacts of mono-sex Macrobrachium


culture on the future of seed availability in India, Research and farming techniques, 9 (2) 15-
16.

Balcazar, JL., 2003. Evaluation of probiotic bacterial strains in Litopenaeus vannamei. Final Report,
National Center for Marine and Aquaculture Research, Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Balcazar, J.L., Iganeis de blas, Imandh Ruziz Zarzuela, David Cunninghan, Daniel Vendrell and Jese
Luis Muzquiz, 2006. The role of probiotics in aquaculture. Vet, Microbiol., 114, 173 – 186.

Barker, PL. and Gibson, R. 1978. Observations on the structure of the mouth parts, histology of the
alimentary tract, and digestive physiology of the mud crab, Scylla serrata (forskal)
(decapoda:portunidae). J.Exp. Mar. Biol Ecol, 32: 177- 196.

Barki A., Karplus I. and Goren M., 1991a. The agonistic behavior of the three male morphotypes of
the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Crustacea, Palaemonidae). Behaviour 116,
252-277.

Barki A., Karplus I. and Goren M., 1991b. Morphotype related dominance hierarchies in males of
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Crustacea, Palaemonidae). Behaviour117,145-160.
Barki A., Karplus I. and Goren M., 1992. Effects of size and morphotype on dominance hierarchies
and resource competition in the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Animal
Behaviour 44,547-555.
Barki A., Harpaz S. and Karplus I., 1997. Contradictory asymmetries in body and weapon size, and
assessment in fighting male prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii Aggressive. Behaviour
23,81^91.

Barki A, Karplus I, Khalaila I, Manor R, Sagi A, 2003. Male-like behavioral patterns and
physiological alterations induced by androgenic gland implantation in female crayfish. J Exp
Biol 206: 1791–1797.

Bambang, Y., P. Thuet, M. Charmantier-Daures, J. P.Trilles, and G. Charmantier. 1995. Effect of


copper on survival and osmoregulation of various developmental stages of the shrimp,
Penaeus japonicus Bate (Crustacea: Decapoda). Aquatic Toxicology 33:125–139.

Barnett, H. L. and B. B. Hunter, 1972. Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi. 3rd edn. Burgers Publ.,
Minneapolis, USA.

Bartlett, P. and E. Enkarlin. 1983. Growth of the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii in asbestos asphalt
ponds in hard water on a low protein diet. Aquaculture, 30: 353-356.

Bart, A. N. and P. T. Yen, 2003. Comparison of larval performance between Thai and Vietnamese
freshwater giant prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man): a preliminary study
Aquaculture Research, 2003, 34, 1453-1458.

Bell, T. A. and D. V. Lightner, 1988. A handbook of normal penaeid shrimp histology. World
aquaculture society, Publ., Baton Rouge, Louisina, 114 pp.

Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology, 1986. Vol. II (ed.), A. Peter, A. Sneath and M. Elisabeth
Sparpe (Assoc. ed.), Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1599 pp.

Bernardi, N., 1990. Temperature influence upon food ingestion and spontaneous locomotion of the
freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium acanthurus (Wiegmann, 1836) (Crustacea, Decapoda,
Palaemonidae). J. Thermal Biol., 15(1): 33-36.

Berry, P. F. and A. E. F. Heydor, 1970. A comparison of the spermatophoric masses and mechanisms of
fertilization in South African spinning lobsters (Palimeridare). The Oceanographic Res. Inst.
Disban. Rep. South Africa, 25: 1-18.

Bhavan, P.S. and P. Geraldine, 2000. Histopathology of the hepatopancreas and gills of the prawn
Macrobrachium malcolmsonii exposed to endosulfan. Aquatic Toxicology, 50, 331–339.

Bhojan J. (2003) Status of scampi farming in India. In: InternationalSymposium on Freshwater


Prawn, 20-23 August 2003. Cochin, India.

Bianchini, A., Playle, R.C., Wood, C.M., Walsh, P.J., 2007. Short-term silver accumulation in tissues
of three marine invertebrates: Shrimp Penaeus duorarum, sea hare Aplysia californica, and sea
urchin Diadema antillarum. Aquat. Toxicol. 84, 182–189.

Bishop, J.C. and R.S. Burton, 1993. Amino acid Synthesis during Hyperosmotic Stress in Penaeus
aztecus Post – Larval. Comp Biochem. Physiol. 106A: 49 – 56.
Bogut, I., Milakovic, Z., Bukvic, Z., Brkic, S., Zimmer, R., 1998. Influence of probiotic
(Streptococcus faecium M74) on growth and content of intestinal microflora in carp
(Cyprinus carpio). Czech J. Anim. Sci. 439, 231–235.

Boone, W.R., and D.L., Claybrook 1977. The Effects of low salinity on amino acid metabolism in the
tissues of the common mud crab, Panopeus herbjtii (Milne-Edwards). Comp. Biochem.
Physiol., 57A; 99-106.

Boonyaratpalin, M., Supamattaya, K., Verakunpiriya, V., Suprasert, D., 2001a. Effects of aflatoxin
B1 on growth performance, blood components, immune function and histopathological
changes in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fabricius). Aquac. Res. 32 (Suppl. 1), 388–
398.

Borlongan, I.G., Parazo, M.M., 1991. Effect of dietary lipid sources on growth, survival and fatty
acid composition of sea bass (Lates calcarifer, Bloch) fry. Israel Journal of Aquaculture,
Bamidgeh, 43, 95–102..

Borowsky R.L. 1973a. Social control of adult size in males of Xiphophorus variatus. Nature 245,332-
335.

Borowsky R.L. 1973b. Relative size and the development of fi n colour in Xiphophorus variatus.
Physiological Zoology 46, 22-28.

Borowsky R.L. 1978. Social inhibition of maturation in natural populations of Xiphophorus variatus
(Pisces: Poecillidae). Science 201,9935.

Borowsky R.L. 1987. Agonistic behaviour and social inhibition of maturation in fishes of the genus
Xiphophorus (Poecillidae). Copeia, 792-796.

Boyd, C. E., 1989. Water quality management and aeration in shrimp farming. American Soybean
Association, 70 pp.

Boyd, C. E. 1990. Water quality in ponds for aquaculture. Alabama Agricultural Experimental station.
Auburm Univ., Alabama. 482 pp.

Boyd, C. E., 1995. Bottom soils, sediment and pond aquaculture. Chapman Hill Publ., 252 pp.

Boyd, C.E., 1998, Pond water aeration systems. Aquacultural Engineering, 18,9 – 40.

Boyd C.E. and Pipoppinyo S. (1994) Factors affecting respiration in dry pond bottom soils.
Aquaculture 120,283-293.

Boyd, C.E., Tucker, C.S., 1998. Pond Aquaculture Water Quality Management. Kluwer, Norwell,
MA, p. 1.

Boyd, C., and S. Zimmermann, 2000. Grow-out system water quality and soil management. In and
Freshwater prawn culture, the farming of Macrobrachium rosenbergii ed. By M.B. New and
W.C. Valenti, pp. 221 – 238. Blackwell Science, oxford, U.K.
Bragagnolo, N., and D.B. Rodriguez-Amaya, 2001. Total lipid, cholesterol and fatty acids of farmed
freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and wild marine shrimp Penaeus brasiliensis,
Penaeus schimitti, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri). J. Food Comp. Anal., 14: 359-369.

Briggs, M.R.P., K. Jauncey, J.H. Brown, 1988. The Cholesterol and lecithin requirements of Juvenile
prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) fed semi – purified diets, Aquaculture. 70: 1 -2, 121 –
129.

Brito, P.R. and Diaz, I.E. (1987a) Electos de la ablacion dei compiajo neurosecretor peduncular an
juveniles de langosta, Panulirus argus 1. Crercimiento. Rev. Inv.Mar., 8 : 67 – 80.

Brody, T., D. Cohen, A. Barnes and A. Spector, 1980. Yield characteristics of the prawn
Macrobrachium rosenbergii in temperate zone aquaculture. Aquaculture, 21: 375-385.

Brown, G. G. 1966. Ultrastructural studies of sperm morphology and sperm egg interaction in the
decapod, Callinectus sapidus. J. Ultrast. Res., 14: 425-440.

Brown, J.H., 1989. Antibiotics: their use and abuse in aquaculture. World Aquacult., 20, 34–42.

Brown J.L. and Orians G.H. 1970. Spacing patterns in mobile animals. Annual Review of Ecology
and Systematics 1, 239- 262.

Brown, J. H., J. F. Wickins and M. H. MacLean, 1991. The effect of water hardness on growth and
carapace mineralization of juvenile freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man).
Aquaculture, 95: 329-345.

Brown, P.B., Wetzel, J.E., Spacie, A., Konopka, A., 1992. Evaluation of nutritionally occurring
organisms as food for juvenile crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. J. World Aqua. Soc. 23, 211–
216.

Brown J.H., Ross B., McCauley S., Dance S., Taylor A.C. & Huntingford F.A.,2003. Resting
metabolic rate and social status in juvenile giant freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium
rosenbergii. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 36,31-40.

Brunt J, Austin B: 2005;Use of a probiotic to control lactococcosis and streptococcosis in rainbow


trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). J Fish Dis 28:693-701.

Buck, D. H., S. R. Malecha and R. J. Baur, 1981. Polyculture of freshwater prawn, (Macrobrachium
rosenbergii) with two combinations of carps in manured ponds. J. World Aquacult. Soc., 12(2):
203-213.

Bulow, F.J., 1970. RNA-DNA ratios as indicator of recent growth rates of a fish. J.Fish.Res.Board
Can, 27, 2243 – 2349.

Burford, M., 1997. Phytoplankton dynamics in shrimp ponds. Aqua. Res. 28, 351 – 360.

Burnett, G.S. and E.L. Neil, 1977. A note on the effect of probioticum feed additive on the live-
weight gain, feed conversion and carcass quality of bacon pig. Anim. Prod., 25, 95–98.
Caceci, T., Neck, K.F., Lewis, D.H., Sis, R.F., 1988. Ultrastructure of the hepatopancreas of the
pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei (Crustacea: Decapoda). J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 68,
323–337.

Cahu C.L., Cuzan G. and Quazuguel P. 1995. Effect of highly unsaturated fatty acid, α-tocopherol
and ascorbic acid in broodstock diet on egg composition and development of Penaeus indicus.
Comparative Biochemical Physiology, 112A (3–4): 417–424.

Campton D.E. & Gall G.A.E. (1988) E!ect of individual and group rearing onage and size atmaturity
of male mosquito fish. Gambusia a⁄nis. Journal of Fish Biology 33, 203^212.

Case, M., E.E. Lec, S.N. Leitao , E.E.Sant‘Anna d, R.Schwamborn and A.T. de Moraes Junior 2008
´ Plankton community as an indicator of water quality in tropical shrimp culture ponds,
Marine Pollution Bulletin 56 (2008) 1343–1352.

Castille, F.L., and Lawrence, A.L., 1989. Relationship between maturation and biochemical
composition of the gonads and digestive glands of the shrimps Penaeus aztecus Ives and
Penaeus setiferus L... J. Crustacean Biol., 9, (2): 202–211/

Cavalli, R.O., Lavens, P., and Sorgeloos, P., 1999. Performance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii
broodstock fed diets with different fatty acid composition. Aquaculture, 179: 387– 402.

Cavalli, R.O., E. V. Berghe, P.Lavens, N.T.T. Thuy, M. Wille, and P.Sorgeloos, 2000. Ammonia
toxicity as a criterion for the evaluation of larval quality in the prawn Macrobrachium
rosenbergii. Com. Biochem. and Physiol. Part C, 125, 333 – 343.

Cavalli, R.O., M. Tamtin, P.Lavens and P.Sorgeloos, 2001. Variations in lipid classes and fatty acid
content in tissues of wild Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) females during maturation.
Aquaculture, 193, 311 – 324.

Cavalli, R.O., F. M. M. Batista, P. Lavens, P. Sorgeloos, H. J. Nelis and A.P.D.Leenheer, 2003.


Effect of dietary supplementation of vitamins C and E on maternal performance and larval
quality of the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture, 227, 131–146.

Chakrabarti, R. and B. B. Jena, 1990. Growth induction of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry fed as
function of plankton density and improved water quality. Aqua. Fish Manag., 23: 379-391.

Chand, B. K., 1999a. Studies on effects of hideouts on survival and production rate of Macrobrachium
rosenbergii. Indian J. Anim. Health, 38(1): 65-68.

Chand, B. K., 1999b. Feed management in freshwater prawn farming. Fishing Chimes, 18(12): 17-19.

Chand, B. K., 1999c. Profitable use of wasteland through freshwater prawn farming. Fishing Chimes,
19(5): 21-25.

Chandrasekar, S. V. A. and M. S. Kodarkar, 1995. Studies on Brachionus sp. from Saroornagar lake,
Hyderabad, Andhra Predesh. J. Aqua. Biol., 10: 48-52.
Chandrasekaran, V.S. and S.P. Sharma, 1997. Biology an culture of freshwater prawns in North
India, Fishing Chimes, 17: 7-9.

Chang, C. F. and T. W. Shih, 1995. Reproductive cycle of ovarian development and vitellogenin profiles
in the freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Invert. Reprod. Dev., 27(1): 11-20.

Chang, E. S., R. Keller and S. A. Chang, 1998. Quantification of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone by
ELISA in hemolymph of the lobster, Homarus americanus, following various stresses. Gen.
Comp. Endocrinol., 111: 359-366.
Chang C.I. and W.Y. Liu, 2002. An evaluation of two probiotic strains, Enterococcus faecium SF68
and Bacillus, for reducing Edwardsiellosis in cultured European eel, Anguilla anguilla. J.
Fish Dis., 25: 311–315.

Chang, C.C., P.-P. Leeb, J.-P. Hsu, S.-P. Yeh, and W.Cheng, 2006. Survival, and biochemical,
physiological, and histopathological responses of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium
rosenbergii, to short-term trichlorfon exposure Aquaculture 253, 653– 666.

Chanmugam, P., J. Donovan, C.J. Wheeler and D.H. Hwang, 1983. Differences in the lipid
composition of fresh water prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and marine shrimp. J. Food
Sci., 48: 1440 – 1443.
Chanson, M., and D.C.Spray, 1992. ―Gating and single channel properties of gapjunction channels in
hepatopancreatic cells of Procambarus clarkia‖. Biological bulletin, Vol.183, pp.341-342.

Chantharasophon, K., M. kishida and V. Leelavatcharamas, 2008. Bacillus sp. Probionts From The
Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) gastro intestinal tract, The 5th international conference
on Fermentation Technology for value added Agricultural products, pp. 1-5.

Charles, P. M. and T. Subramoniam, 1982. A comparative study on the oogenesis of two freshwater
prawns, Macrobrachium malcolmnsonii and Macrobrachium lamarrei. J. Reprod. Biol. Comp.
Endocrinol., 225: 80-86.

Charniaux-Cotton H (1954) Découverte chez un crustacé amphipode (Orchestia gammarella) d‘une


glande endocrine responsible de la différenciation des caractères sexuels primaires et
secondaires mâles. C R Acad Sci Paris 239: 780–782.

Charniaux-Cotton, H., C. Zesbib and J. J. Meusy, 1966. Manographic de la glande androgenic des
crustaces soperieus. Crustaceana, 10: 113-136.

Charniaux-Cotton and Payen. G., 1988. Crustacean reproduction. In: Endocrinology of selected
invertebrate types. H. Laufer and R.G.H. Downer, eds., Alan R. Liss, New York, 1988, pp.
279 – 303.

Chattopadhyay, G. N., G. Apurba, C. R. Biswas, P. K. Chakaraborti, A. K. Bandopadhyay, A. Ghosh,


1995. Possibilities for rice-fish culture in high rainfed coastal soils. In: N. C. Mandal, M. K.
Dasgupta, D. C. Ghosh, S. K. Mulchopadhyay, D. Dasgupta, D. Dasgupta, D. K. Majumbar
(eds.), Proc. Natl. Symp. Agroecosys. Manag., Birbhum, India, 129-133.

Chattopadhyay, A., N. K. Manna and M.L. Bhowmik, 1997. Gram – positive Cocci present in
Sewage-fed Ecosystem, p. 163 – 166. In: K. K. Vass and M.Sinha (eds.) changing
perspectives of Inland Fisheries proceedings of the National Seminar, March 16 – 17, 1997,
Inland fisheries Society of India, Barrackpore.

Chen, H. C., 1985. Water quality criteria for farming the grass shrimp, Penaeus mondon. In: Y. Taki, J.
H. Primavera and J. A. Llobrera (eds.), Proc. First Intl. Conf. Culture of Penaeid Prawns
Shrimps, Aquacult. Dept., Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, IIoilo, Philippines, 43
pp.

Chen, Y. L. L. and H. Y. Chen, 1992. Juvenile Penaeus monodon as effective zooplankton predator.
Aquaculture, 103: 35-44.
Chen, S. M. and J. C. Chen. 2003. Effects of pH on survival, growth, molting and feeding of giant
freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture 218:613–623.

Chen, J.C. and T. T. Kou, 1996. Effects of temperature on oxygen consumption and nitrogenous
excretion of juvenile Macrobrachium rosenbergii Aquaculture 145 ( 1996) 295-303

Chen, J. C., S. C. Lei and P. C. Liu, 1990. Effects of ammonia and nitrite on Penaeus monodon
juveniles. In: R. Hirano and I. Hanyu (eds.), Second Asian Fish. Forum, AFS, Manila,
Philippines, 65-68.

Chen, Y.N., H.F. Fan, S.L.Hsieh and C.M. Kuo, 2003. Physiological involvement of DA ovarian
development of the freshwater giant prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture, 228,
383–395.

Cheng, C.S., L. Chen, 1990. Growth and relationship mong body length and tail weight of Penaeus
monodon from culture environment in Taiwan. Aquaculture, 91, 253 – 263.

Cheng, W., Chen, J.C., 2000. Effects of pH, temperature and salinity on immune parameters of the
freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 10, 387–391.

Cheng W. and Chen J.-C. 2002a. The immune responses of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium
rosenbergii at different environmental factors. In: SeafarmingToday andTomorrow. European
Aquaculture Society Special Publication No. 32 (ed. by B. Basurco & M. Saroglia), pp.
180^181. European Aquaculture Society, Oostende, Belgium.

Cheng, W. and J.-C. Chen 2002b. The virulence of Enterococcus to freshwater prawn
Macrobrachium rosenbergii and its immune resistance under ammonia stress, Fish &
Shellfish Immunology, 12, 97–109.

Cheng, W., C –H. Liu, C –H. Cheng and J – C. Chen, 2001. Hemolymph oxyhemocyanin, protein,
osmolality and electrolyte levels of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in relation to size and molt
stage. Aquaculture 198, 387– 400.

Cheng, W., Liu C.-H., Cheng C.-H. and Chen. J.-C. 2003a. Osmolality and ion balance in giant river
prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii subjected to changes in salinity: role of sex. Aquaculture
Research 34,555-560.
Cheng, W., C. - H. Liu and C-M. Kuo, 2003b. Effects of dissolved oxygen on hemolymph
parameters of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) Aquaculture 220, 843–
856.

Chien, Y. H., 1992. Water quality requirements and management for marine shrimp culture. In: J.
Wyban (ed.), Proc. Spl. Sess. Shrimp Farming, WAS, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, 30-42.

Ching, C. V., 1982. A study of gonadal maturation and sexual maternity in the white prawn, Penaeus
merguiensis (de Man). Malay. Nat. J., 35: 1-12.

Chopra, B.N., 1939. Some food prawn and crabs of India and their fisheries. J. Bombay Natural
History Society, 4: 221-234.

Chow, S., P.A. Sandifer, 1991. Differences in growth, morphometric traits and male sexual maturity
among pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei. From different commercial hatcheries.
Aquaculture, 91: 165 - 179.

Chow, S., Y. Ogasawara and Y. Taki, 1982. Male reproductive system and fertilization of the
palaemonid shrimp, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish., 48(2): 177-183.

Choy-Satish, C., 1988. Reproductive biology of Liocarcinus pober and Liocarcinus holsatus (Decapoda,
Brachiyura, Portenidae). Mar. Ecol., 9(3): 227-242.

Chu, K.H., Q.C. Chen, L.M. Huang and C.K. Wong, 1995. Morphometric analysis if commercially
important penaeid shrimps from the Zhujiang estuary, China. Fish. Res., 23: 83-93.

Clifford, H. C., 1992. Marine shrimp pond management: a review. In: J. Wyban (ed.), Proc. Spl. Sess.
Shrimp Farming, WAS, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, 2-29.

Cobb J.S. and Tamm G.R. (1974) Social conditions increase intermoult period in juvenile lobsters,
Homarus americanus. Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada 31, 1941-1943.

Cobb, B.F., F.S.Conte, and M.A.Edwards, 1975. Free amino acids and osmoregulation in penaeid
shrimp. J. Agric. Food Chem.. 23: 1172-1174.

Cobb, J.S., G.R. Tamm and D. Wang, 1982. Behavioral mechanisms influencing moult frequency in
the American lobster Homarus americanus. J. Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 62:
185-200.

Coeuret, V., M. Guwguen and JP. Vernoux, 2004. Numbers and strain of lactobacilli in some
probiotic products. Int J Food Microbiol 97: 147–156.

Cohen, D., Ra‘anan, Z., 1983. The production of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii in
Israel. III. Density effect of all-male tilapia hybrids on prawn yield characters in polyculture.
Aquaculture 35, 57–71.

Cohen, D., Ra‘anan, Z. and T. Brody, 1981. Population profile development and morphotypic
differentiation in giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Ireali J. Aqua. 23(4):
34-41.
Cohen D., Ra‘anan Z. and Barnes A. 1983. Production of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium
rosenbergii in Israel. I. Integration into fish polyculture system. Aquaculture 31, 67^76.

Cohen D., Sagi A., Ra‘anan Z. and Zohar G. 1988. The production of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in
monosex populations: III. Yield characteristics under intensive monoculture conditions in
earthen ponds. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture ^ Bamidgeh 40,57-63.
Collins PA, 1999 Feeding of Palaemonetes argentinus (Decapoda Palaemonidae) from an oxbow
lake of the Parana river, Argentina J Crust Biol 19(3): 485 – 492.

Colorni, A. 1985. A study on the bacterial flora of giant prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, larvae
fed with Artemia salina nauplii. Aquaculture, 49, 1–10.

Coman F.E., Connolly R.M. and Preston N.P. 2003. Zooplankton and epibenthic fauna in shrimp
ponds: factors influencing assemblage dynamics. Aquaculture Research 34, 359^371.

Coman, F.E., R.M. Connolly and N.P. Preston, 2006. Effects of water exchange and abiotic factors
on zooplankton and epibenthic fauna in shrimp ponds.Aquaculture Research, 37, 1387 –
1399.

Cooney, D. G. and R. Emerson, 1964. Thermophilic fungi: an account of their biology, activities and
classification. W. H. Freeman (ed.), San Francisco, London, 188 pp.

Corredor-Cantrelle L. 1989. Effect of tactile, visual and chemical signals on the growth of juvenile
prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (deMan). PhD thesis, La Trobe University, Bundoora,
Vic., Australia,303pp.

Correia E.S., Pereira J.A., Apolinario M.O. and Horowitz A. 2002. Effect of pond aging on natural
food availability and growth of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Aquaculture Engineering 26,61-69.

Correia. E.S., Pereira J.A, A.P. Silva, Horowitz A. and Horowitz S., 2003. Growout of Freshwater
Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Fertilized Ponds with Reduced Levels of Formulated
Feed. JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, 34,No.2,184 – 191.

Costa-Pierce, B. A., S. R. Malacha and E. A. Laws, 1987. Yield characteristics of prawns,


Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man), with fish polycultures at low feeding rates. Aquacult.
Fish. Manag.,, 18(4): 357-363.

Cowey, C.B., and P. Luquet, 1983. Physiological basis of protein requirements of fishes: critical
analysis of allowances. In: Prion, R., Arnal, M., Bonin, D. (Eds.), IVth International
Symposium of Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand, France, 5– 7 Sept. 1983.
INRA Publ., vol. 1 INRA, Paris, France, pp 16.

Cowey, C. B. and R. M. Forster. 1971. The essential amino-acid requirements of the prawn
Palaemon serratus. The growth of prawns on diets containing proteins of different amino-acid
compositions. Marine Biology 10:77-81.
Cox, SL. and Bruce, MP, 2003. Feeding behavior and associated sensory mechanism of stage 1-3
phyllosoma of jasus edwardsii and jasus verreauxi. J.Mar. Biol. Ass, U.K. 83:465- 468.

Cox, SL, and Johnston, JD, 2003. Developmental changes in the structure and function of mouth
parts of phyllosama larvae of the packhorse lobster, jasus verreauxi. (Decapoda:Palinuridae.)
J.Exp. Mar. Biol.Ecol. 296:35 -47.

Coyle, S., T. Najeeullah and J. Tidwell, 1996. A preliminary evaluation of naturally occurring organisms
in distillery by-products and prepared diets of food for juvenile freshwater prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J. Appl. Aquacult., 6(2): 57-66.

Cripps, M. C. and R. H. Nakamura, 1979. Inhibition of growth of Macrobrachium rosenbergii by


calcium carbonate water hardness. J. World Maricult. Soc., 10: 575-580.

Cronin, L.E., 1947 Anatomy and histology of the male reproductive system of Callinectes sapidus
(Rathbun), J.Morphol., 81; 209 -239.

Cross R.,1987. Moult rate inhibition and/or enhancement by chemical cues in the giant freshwater
prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii deMan). Unpublished BSc (Honours) thesis, La Trobe
University, Bundoora,Vic., Australia,45pp.

Cuvin-Aralar M.L.A., E. V. Aralar, M. Laron and W. Rosario, 2007. Culture of Macrobrachium


rosenbergii (de Man 1879) in experimental cages in freshwater cages in a freshwater
eutrophic lake at different stocking densities. Aqua. Res., 38: 288-294.

D‘Abramo L.R. 1998. Nutritional requirements of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii:
comparisons with species of penaeid shrimp. Reviews in Fisheries Science 6,153^163.

D‘Abramo, L.R., and S.S. Sheen, 1993. Polyunsaturated fatty acid nutrition in Juvenile freshwater
prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture 115, 63-86.

D‘Abramo, L.R. and S.S. Sheen, 1994. Nutritional requirements, feed formulation, and feeding
practices for intensive culture of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Reviews
Fish. Sci., 2: 1-21.

D‘Abramo LR, Bordner CE, Dagget GR, Conklin DE, and Baum NA. 1980. Relationships among
dietary lipids, tissue lipids, and growth in juvenile lobsters. Proceedings of the World
Mariculture Society. Annual Meeting, March 5–8, 1980, New Orleans, USA; 11: 335–345.

D'Abramo, L. R., H. R. Robinette, J. M. Heinen, Z. Ra'anan and D. Cohen, 1986. Polyculture of the
freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) with a mixed size population of channel catfish
(Ictalurus punctatus). Aquaculture, 59(1): 71-80.

D'Abramo, L.R., J. M. Heinen, H. R. Robinette and J. S. Collins, 1989. Production of the freshwater
prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii stocked as juveniles at different densities in temperate zone
ponds. J. World Aquacult. Soc., 20(2): 81-89.

D‘Abramo L.R., Malecha S.R., Fuller M.J., Daniels W.H. and Heinen J.M. 1991. Reassessment of
the prospects for freshwater prawn culture in the United States: complementary research
e!orts in Hawaii and Mississippi. In: Shrimp Culture in North America and the Caribbean,
Advances inWorld Aquaculture, Vol. 4 (ed by P.A. Sandifer), pp.96^123.World Aquaculture
Society, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.

D'Abramo, L. R., W. H. Daniels, P. D. Gerard, W. H. Jun and C. G. Summerlin, 2000. Influence of


water volume, surface area, and water replacement rate on weight gain of juvenile freshwater
prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture, 182: 161-171.‘

D‘aniello, A., 1980. Free aminoacid in some tissues of marine crustacea. Experientia, 36: 392 – 393.

Dall, W. and D.I.W. Moriarty, 1983. Functional aspects of nutrition and digestion. In: Mantel, L.H.
(Ed0. The Biology of Crustacea, Vol 5. internal Anatomy and physiological Regulation.
Academic press.

Dal,W., B. J. Hill, P.C.Rothlisberge and D.J.Staples, 1990. The biology of the Penaeidae. Adv. Mar.
Biol. 27: 1-489.

Dalmin, G., K. Kathiresan, A. Purushothaman, 2001. Effect of probiotics on bacterial population and
health status of shrimp in culture pond ecosystem. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 39, 939 – 942.

Damrongphol, P., Eangchuan, N., Poolsanguan, B., 1991. Spawning cycle and oocyte maturation in
laboratory-maintained giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Aquaculture
95, 347–357,

Danaher, J.J., J. H. Tidwell, S. D. Coyle, and S. Dasgpta, P.V. Zimba, 2007. Effects of Two
Densities of Caged Monosex Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, on Water Quality,
Phytoplankton Populations, and Production When Polycultured with Macrobrachium
rosenbergii in Temperate Ponds Journal of the world aquaculture society, 30, 3, 367 -382.

Dandapat, J., G.B.N. Chainy and K. J. Rao, 2003. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence status
during larval development and metamorphosis of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium
rosenbergii. Com. Biochem. and Physiol. Part C, 135, 221 – 233.

Daniels, W.H., D‘Abramo, L.R., 1994. Pond production characteristics of freshwater prawns
Macrobrachium rosenbergii as influenced by an stocking of size-graded populations of
juveniles. Aquaculture 122, 33-45.

Daniels, W. H., L. R. D'Abramo, M. W. Fondren and M. D. Durant, 1995. Effects of stocking density
and feed on pond production characteristics and revenue of harvested freshwater prawns,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii stocked as size graded juveniles. J. World Aquacult. Soc., 26(1): 38-
47.

Daniels, H.V., 1993. Disease control in shrimp ponds and hatcheries in Ecuador. Associacao
Brasileira de Aquicultura. IV simpo´sio brasileiro sobre cultivo de camarao, 22–27
November, Brasil. pp. 175–184.
Das, S. M. and V. K. Shrivastava, 1956. Studies on freshwater plankton III: qualitative composition and
seasonal fluctuations in plankton components. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., India, 29(B): 174-189.

Das, N. N., C. R. Saad, K. J. Ang, A. T. Law and S. A. Harmin, 1996. diet formulation for
Macrobrachium rosenbergii, (de Man) broodstock based on essential amino acid profile of its
eggs. Aqua. Res., 27: 543-555.

Das, B.K., Samal, S.K., Samantaray, B.R., Sethi, S., Pattnaik, P., Misha, B.K., 2006. Antagonistic
activity of cellular components of Pseudomonas species against Aeromonas hydrophila.
Aquaculture 253, 17–24.

Das, S. K., V. K. Tiwari, G. Venkateshwarlu, A. K. Reddy, J. Parhi, P.Sharma and J. K. Chettri,


2007, Growth, survival and Fatty acid composition of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man,
1879) post larvae fed HUFA-enriched Moina micrura. Aquaculture, 269, 464 – 475.

De Man, J. G., 1879. On some species of the genus Palaemon Fabr. with descriptions of two new
forms. Notes from the Royal Zoological Museum of the Netherlands at Leiden, 1(41), 165–
184.

da Silva. G.M.F., M. A. P. Ferreira, E. C. F. von Ledebur and R. M. da Rocha, 2008. Gonadal


structure analysis of Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) from a wild population: a
new insight into the morphotype characterization Aquaculture Research, 40, 798-803.

da Silva. G.M.F., M. A. P. Ferreira, E. C. F. von Ledebur and R. M. da Rocha, 2009 Gonadal


structure analysis of Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) from a wild population: a
new insight into the morphotype characterization Aquaculture Research, 40, 798^803.

De Silva, D. M., C. C. Askwith, and J. Kaplan. 1996. Molecular mechanisms of iron uptake in
eukaryotes. Physiological Reviews 76:31–47.

De Jong, L., 1996 Functional morphology of the foregut of Lophogaster typicus and L. Spinosus
(Crustacea, Mysidacea, Lophogastrida) Cah Boil Mar 37: 341 – 347.

Debabani, C., M. Gopikrishna and K. Altaff, 2001. Study on the growth of postlarvae of
Macrobrachium rosenbergii on a copepod and a cladocerans live feed. J. Aqua. Biol.,
16(1&2): 81-86.

Decamp, O., Moriarty, D.J.W., 2006. Probiotics as alternative to antimicrobials:limitations and


potential. World Aquaculture 37 (4), 60–62.

Decamp.O., D.J. W. Moriarty and P. Lavens, 2008. Probiotics for shrimp larviculture: review of field
data from Asia and Latin America Aquaculture Research, 39, 334^338.

Deeseenthum, S., V. Leelavatcharamas., J. D. Brooks., 2007. Effect of Feeding Bacillus sp. As


Probiotic Bacteria on Growth of Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de
Man), Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences; 9 (10), 1481-1485.
Deshimaru, O., 1982. Protein and amino acid nutrition of the prawn Penaeus japonicus. In:
Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Aquaculture Nutrition (Pruder, G.D.,
Landgon, C.& Conklin, D. eds), pp. 106–123. Louisiana State University,

Devaraja , T.N., F.M. Yusoff and M. Shariff, 2002. Changes in bacterial populations and shrimp
production in ponds treated with commercial microbial products. Aquaculture, 206, 245– 256.

Devresse B, M.S. Romdhane, M. Buzzi, J. Rasowo, P. Leger, J. Brown, and P. Sorgeloos, 1990.
Improved larviculture outputs in the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii fed a
diet of Artemia enriched with n-3 HUFA and phospholipids. World Aqua. Soc., 21: 123–125.

Dey, I., C. Buda, T. Wiik, J. E. Halver and T. Farkas.1993. Molecular and structural composition of
phospholipid membranes in livers of marine and freshwater fish in relation to temperature.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA, 90:7498-7502.

Dhall, W and D.J.W. Moriaty, 1984. Functional aspects of nutrition and digestion: the midgut. In:
Bliss, D.E., Mantel, L.H., (Eds.), The Biology of Crustacea, Vol. 5, Internal Anatomy and
Physiological Regulations, Academic Press, Orlando, FL., pp. 215-251.

Dhanapathi, M. V. S. S. S., 1974. Rotifers from Andhra Pradesh, India: I. Hydrobiologia, 45: 357-372.

Dhanapathi, M. V. S. S. S., 1978. Variations in some rotifers of the family Brachionidae. J. Aquat. Biol.,
12(1): 35-3.

Dhanapathi, M. V. S. S. S., 2000. Taxonomic notes on the rotifers from India (from 1889-2000). IAAB,
Hyderabad, India. 1-178.
Dhert, P. and P. Sorgeloos, 1995. Live feeds in Aquaculture. In: K. P. P. Nambiar and T. Singh (eds.),
Aquaculture towards the 21st Century, Infofish, 209-219.

Diaz, H.F., Juarez, C.G., Percz, C.E. and Buckie, R.L.F. 1992 Balance energetic de postlarvas y
juveniles dal langostino malayo Macrobrachium rosenbergii de man (Crustacea:
Palaemonidae). Ciencias Marinas., 18: 19 -32.

Dinakaran, G.K. and P. Soundarapandian, 2009. Biochemical Status of Edible Palaemonid Prawn
Macrobrachium idella idella (Hilgendorf, 1898), Advance Journal of Food Science and
Technology 1(1): 19-26.

Dong, Y. and Niu, C.J. (2000) Effects of dietary protein sources on growth and activities of digestive
enzymes of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J. Beijing Norm. Univ., 36,
260– 263.

Dos Santos, M.J.M., Valenti, W.C., 2002. Production of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and
freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii stocked at different densities in polyculture
system in Brazil. J. World Aquac. Soc. 33, 369–376.

Dougherty, W. J., M. M. Dougherty and S. G. Harris, 1986. Ultrastructural and histochemical


observations on electro-ejaculation of spermatophores of the palaemonid shrimp,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Tiss. Cell, 18(5): 709-724
Doughtie, D.G., Rao, K.R., 1983. Ultrastructural and histological study of degenerative changes in
the antenal glands hepatopancreas and midgut of grass shrimp exposed to two
dithiocarbamate biocides. J. Invert. Pathol. 43, 89–108.

Douillet PA (1998) Bacterial probiotic for water quality and disease control. Proceedings of
Aquaculture ‗98, p. 152. World Aquaculture Society, Las Vegas, USA.

Du, L. and Niu, C.J., 2003. Effects of dietary substitution of soya bean meal for fish meal on
consumption, growth, and metabolism of juvenile giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium
rosenbergii. Aquaculture Nutrition 9,139 - 143.

Durairaj, S. and R. Uma Maheswari, 1991. Polyculture of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium


rosenbergii. Natl. Symp. New Horizons Freshwat. Aquacult., 23rd-25th Jan., CIFA, Bhubaneswar,
Orissa, India, 7-8.

Durairaj, S., C. Chandra Searan and R.Uma Maheswary, 1992. Experimental culture of Giant
freshwater prawn in Tamilnadu. Proc.Symp.on freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium spp ).
Held at kochi durng December 12 – 14,1990: 176 – 179.

Dussart, B. H. and D. Defaye, 1995. Copepoda: Introduction to the copepoda. SPB Academic Publ.,
Amsterdan, Netherlands, 1-277.

Edmondson, W. T., 1956. The relation of photosynthesis by phytoplankton: light in lakes. Ecology, 37:
161-174.

Edmonson, W. T., 1959. Freshwater Biology, 2nd ed. John Wiley Sons Inc., New York, 124 pp.

El-Dakar, A.Y. and T.M. Goher, 2004. Using of Bacillus subtillus in microparticulate diets for
producing biosecure of Peneaus japonicas postlarvae. Agriculture Science Mansoura
University. 29: 6855-6873

Ellis, M. B., 1971. Dematiceaus Hyphomycetes, Commonwealth mycologists institute, key survey,
England.

El-Sayed, A. F. M. 1997. Growth rates and feed efficiency of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium
rosenbergii fed varying protein and energy levels. Bulletin of National Institute of
Oceanography and Fisheries, Egypt, 23: 539–448.

Factor JR 1995 The digestive system. In Biology of the lobster Homarus americanus, Academic
Press, New york. Pp.395 – 440.

Fair, P.H., A.R. Further, 1981. The role of formula feeds and natural productivity in culture of the
prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture. 24: 314, 233 – 243.

Fair, P.H and L.V. Sick, 1982. Serum aminoacid concentrations during starvation in the prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii, as an indicator of metabolic requirements. Comp. Biochem.
Physio., 73 (2): 195-200.
Fang, L.S., C.K. Tang, D.L. Lee and I.M. Chen, 1992. Free amino acid composition in muscle and
hemolymph of the prawn Penaeus monodon in different salinities. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,
58: 1095– 1102.

FAO, 2007. Fisheries Statistics Aquaculture Production 2005, Vol.100/2, p.90. FAO, Rome

FAO, 1999a. Aquaculture production statistics, 1988-1997. FAO Rome Italy, 203p.

FAO, 1999b. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture. FAO Fish. Dept., Rome, Italy, 112 pp.

FAO, 2002. Farming of freshwater prawns. A manual for the culture of the giant river prawn
(Macrobrachium rosenbergii). FAO fisheries Technical Paper 428, Food and Agriculture
Organization, Rome, Italy.

Farr J.A. 1980. The effect of juvenile social interactions on growth rate, size and age at maturity and
adult social behavior in Girardinus metalicus Poey (Pisces, Poecillidae). Zeitschrift
furTierpsychology 52, 247^267.

Farzanfar, A., 2006. The use of probiotics in shrimp aquaculture. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol.,
48 (2006) 149–158.

Felix, N. and Sudharsan, M., 2004. Effect of glycine betaine, a feed attractant affecting growth and
feed conversion of juvenile freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquacul. Nutr., 10,
193–197.

Fenucci, J.L., Lawrence, A.L. & Zein-Eldin, Z.P. , 1981. The effects of fatty acid and shrimp meal
composition of prepared diets on growth of juvenile shrimp, Penaeus stylirostris. J. World
Maricult. Soc., 12, 315–342.

Fingerman, M., 1987. Endocrine mechanisms in crustaceans. J. Crust. Biol., 7: 1-24.

Fingerman, M., 1997. Role of neuro-transmitters in regulating reproductive hormone release and
gonadal maturation in decapod crustaceans. Invert. Rep. Develop., 31(1-3): 47-54.

Fingerman, M., N. C. Jackson and R. Nagabhushanam, 1998. Hormonally regulated functions in


crustaceans as biomarkers of environmental pollution. Comp. Biochem. Physi., 120: 343 -350.

Folch, J., M. Lees and G.H. Sloane-Stanley, 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification
of total lipids from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem., 226: 297-308.

Fonseka. T. S. G., 1990. Microbial flora of pond cultured prawn (Penaeus monodon). FAO Fish. Report,
Indo-pacitic fishery commission, 24-31.

Foster and Beard, 1974 Foster, J.R.M. and T.W. Beard, 1974. Experiment to assess the suitability of
nine species of prawns for intensive cultivation. Aquaculture 3, 355-368.

Fraley N.B. & Fernald R.D. ,1982. Social control of development rate in the African cichlid
Haplochromis burtoni. Zeitschrift furTierpsychology 60,66-82.
Fujimura, T., 1966. Notes on the development of a practical mass culture technique of the giant prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Proc. Indo-Pac. Fish. Counl., Honolula, Hawaii, 12th Sess.,
IPPC/C66/WP, 47: 4 pp.

Fujimura, T., 1974. Development of a prawn culture industry in Hawaii. Job completion report 1 st Jul.
1969 - 30th June, 1972, US Dept. Commerce, NOAA, NMFS, 21 pp.

Fujimura, T and H. Okamoto, 1972. Notes on progess in developing a mass culturing technique for
Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Hawaii. In: T.V.R. Pillay, (Ed.), Coastal Aqua. Indo-Pacific
Region, pp313-317.

Fukami K, Nishijima T and Ishida Y, 1997. Stimulative and inhibitory effects of bacteria on the
growth of microalgae. Hydrobiologia 358:185–191

Fuller, R., 1989. Probiotics in man and animals. J. Appl. Bacteriol., 66: 365–378.

Fuller, R., 1992. History and development for probiotics. In: Fuller, R (Ed.), probiotics: The scientific
basis. Chapman and Hall, London, pp 1 – 8.

Garcia-Perez, A., D. E. Alston and R. C. Maldonada, 2000. growth, survival, yield and size distributions
of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii and tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus in
polyculture and monoculture systems in Pueto Rico. J. world Aquacult. Soc., 31(3): 446-451.

Garriques, D., G. Arevalo, G., 1995. An evaluation of the production and use of a live bacterial
isolate to manipulate the microbial flora in the commercial production of penaeus vannamei
post larvae in Ecuadoa. In: Browdy, L.L. Hopkins, J.S. (Eds), S- Wimming through troubled
water. Proceedings of the special session on shrimp farming, Aquaculture, 95: Baton Rouge,
World Aquaculture Society, pp. 53 – 59.

Garriques, D., Wyban, J., 1993. Up to date advances on Penaeus Íannamei maturation, nauplii and
postlarvae production. Associacao Brasileira de Aquicultura. IV simpo´sio brasileiro sobre
cultivo de camarao, 22–27 November, Brasil. pp. 217–235.

Gately, R. J., 1990. Organic carbon concentrations in bottom soils of ponds: variability, changes over
time and effects of aeration. Master's thesis, Auburm Univ., alabama, 30 pp.

Gatesoupe, F. J. 1990. The continuous feeding of turbot larvae, Scophthalmus maximus, and control
of the bacterial environment of rotifers. Aquaculture 89:139–148.

Gatesoupe, F.J., 1999. The use of probiotics in aquaculture: review. Aquaculture, 180: 147–165.

Gatesoupe, F.J., 1994. Lactic acid bacteria increase the resistance of turbot larvae, Scophthalmus
maximus, against pathogenic vibrio. Aquat, Living Resour., 7, 277 – 282.

Gatesoupe, F.J., 2008. Updating the importance of lactic acid bacteria in fish farming: natural
occurrence and probiotic treatments. Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology
Vol. 14, No. 1-3, P107–114
George, J.C. and B.S. Patel, 1956. The seasonal variation in the fat content of the liver and gonads in
a marine and freshwater decapod. J. Anim. Morph. Physiol.,3:49-55.

Ghaffer, R. A., P. Kantangkul and S. Y. Tai, 1988. Cost and earning structures of giant freshwater prawn
production in Thailand. Malaysian J. Agricult. Econ., 5: 1-14.

Ghosh, P. K. and D. K. Nanda, 1985. Cytomorphic studies on the thoracic ganglion of the prawn,
Penaeus monodon. Folio Morphol., 33(3): 299-304.

Giap, D.H.,Yi, Y. and Lin, C.K., 2005. Effects of different fertilization and feeding regimes on the
production of integrated farming of rice and prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man).
Aquaculture Research 36, 292-299.

Gibson, R. and P. L. Barker. 1979. The decapods hepatopancreas. Oceanography and Marine Biology
– Annual Review 17:285–346

Gilman, J. L., 1967. A manual of soil fungi. Oxford and IBH publ., Calcutta.

Ginsburger – Vogel and Charniaux-cotton, 1982. Ginsburger – Vogel, T. and Charniaux-cotton, H.,
1982. Sex determination. In: the Biology of Crustacea, L.G. Abele ed., Academic press,
Orlando, Florida, pp. 257 – 281.

Girivasan, K. P., K. Rajagopal, V. Muruganandam and T. S. Suryanarayanan, 1998. Isolation of fungi


from tropical peat of southern India. 74(4): 359-360.

Girones R, Jofre JT and Bosch A (1989) Isolation of marine bacteria with antiviral properties. Can J
Microbiol 35: 1015–1021

Gomes, AMP. and F.X. Malcata, 1999. Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus acidophilus:
biochemical, technological and therapeutical properties relevant for use as probiotics. Trends
Food Sci Technol., 10: 139–157.

Gomez-Gil B, Roque A andVelasco-Blanco G, 2002. Culture of Vibrio alginolyticus C7b, a potential


probiotic bacterium, with the microalga Chaetoceros muelleri. Aquaculture 211: 43–48

Gomez-Gil, B., Herrera-Vega, M., Abreu-Grobois, F., Roque, A., 1998. Bioencapsulation of two
different Vibrio species in nauplii of the brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana). Appl. Environ.
Microbiol. 64, 2318–2322.

Gomez- Gill, B., A. Roque, J.F. Turnbull, 2000. The use and selection of probiotic bacteria for use in
the culture of larval aquatic organisms. Aquaculture, 191, 259 – 270.

Gonzalez-Pena, M.C., Gomes, S.Z. and Moreira, M da G B.S. 2002. Effects of dietary fiber on
growth and gastric emptying time of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De
Man, 1879). Journal of theWorld Aquaculture Society 33, 441-447.

Gonzalez Sargrario, MA,. Aizpun deMoreno, JE, Moreno, VJ., Escalante A.H., 1998. Dynamics of
organochlorine compounds in different trophic levels of los padres pond in Argentina. I.
Pesticides. Environ Sci 6(3): 153 – 170.
Gopalan C., Shastri B.V.R. & Balasubramanian S.C. 2000. NutritiveValue of Indian Foods. National
Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India.

Govind, C. K. and J. Pearce, 1993. Similarity in claw muscles among the three male morphs of the
freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J. Crust. Biol., 13(1): 138-141.

Gram, L, J. Melchiorsen, B. Spanggaard, I. Huber and TF. Nielsen, 1999. Inhabitation of Vibrio
anguillarium by Pseudomonas fluorescens AH2, a possible probiotic treatment of fish. Appl
Environ Microbiol 65: 969–973

Granados, A. E., J. W. Avault and S. W. Cange, 1991. Double-cropping Malaysian prawns,


Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and red swamp crawfish, Procambarus clarkii. J. Appl. Aquacult.,
1(1): 65-77.

Green A and Green M, 2003. Probiotics in Asian Shrimp Aquaculture. Asian Aquaculture Magazine
March and April: 28–29

Griffith, D.R.W., 1995. Microbiology and the role of probiotics in Ecuadorian shrimp hatcheries. In:
Lavens, P., Jaspers, E., Roelands, I.Eds. Larvi ‘91- fish and crustacean larviculture
symposium. European Aquaculture Society, Gent, p. 478, Special publication no. 24.

Griffiths, D. 1977. Caloric variation in crustacean and other animals. Journal of Animal Ecology
46:593-605.

Giap, DH., Y.Yi and C.K.Lin 2005. Effects of different fertilization and feeding regimes on the
production of integrated farming of rice and prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man)
Aquaculture Research, 2005, 36, 292^299.

Gullian, M., F. Thompson, and J. Rodriguez, 2004. Selection of probiotic bacteria and study of their
immunostimulatory effect in Penaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 233: 1-14.

Gupta, A., H. S. Sehgal and G. K. Sehga, 2007. Growth and carcass composition of giant freshwater
prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man), fed different isonitrogenous and isocaloric
diets. Aquaculture Research, 38, 1355-1363

Haas, E. M. 2006. Staying healthy with nutrition: guide to diet and nutritional medicine, 21st century
edition. Celestial Arts, Berkeley, California, USA.

Hagopian DS and Riley JG (1998) A closer look at the bacteriology of nitrifi cation. Aquacult Eng
18:223–244

Hargreaves, J.A., 2006. Photosynthetic suspended growth systems in aquaculture. Aquacultural


Engineering, 34, 344 – 363.

Hari B. and Kurup B.M., 2003. Comparative evaluation of dietary protein levels and plant-animal
protein ratios in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). Aquaculture Nutrition 9,131-137.
Hariati, A. M., D. G. R. Wiadnya, M. Sukkel, J. H. Boon and M. J. C. F. Verdegem, 1996. Pond
production of Penaeus monodon in relation to stocking density, survival rate and mean weight at
harvest in East Java, Indonesia. Aqua. Res., 27: 277-282.

Harikrishnan, M. and B.M. Kurup, 1998. Present status and future prospects of farming of
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (deMan) in kuttanad, Kerala, p.60 -68. In M.S. Hameed and B.M.
Kurup (Eds.) Technological advancement in fisheries. Publn no.1, school of indl. Fish.,
Cochin, India.

Haroun, E.R.E.L., A.M.A.S. Goda and M.A.K. Chowdhury, 2006. Effect of dietary probiotic Biogen
supplementation as a growth promoter on growth performance and feed utilization of Nile
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Aquaculture . Research, 37: 1473-1480.

Harparz. S, 1997. Enhancement of growth in juvenile freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii,


through the use of a chemoattractants. Aquaculture, 156(3-4): 221-227.

Harpaz S., 1980. Studies on the feeding behaviour of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium
rosenbergii (de Man). MSc thesis, Life Science Institute, The Hebrew University of
Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.

Harpaz S., Kahan D., Moriniere M. & Porcheron P. (1987) Level of ecdysteroids in the hemolymph
of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Crustacea, Decapoda), in relation to the
phenomenon of cheliped autotomy in males. Experientia 43,901^902.

Harrison, K.B. 1990. The role of nutrition on maturation, reproductive and embryonic development
of decapod crustaceans a review; J. of shelfish Res., 9, 1 – 28.

Hartnoll, R.G., 1982. Growth. In: Bliss, D.E. (Ed.), The Biology of Crustacea. Embriology,
Morphology and Genetics. Academic Press, New York, pp. 111 – 196.

Hasegawa Y, Hirose E, Katakura Y, 1993. Hormonal control of sexual differentiation and


reproduction in Crustacea. Am Zool 33:403–411.

Hasegawa Y, Okuno A, Nagasawa H, 2002. Immunohistochemical study of androgenic gland


hormone: localization in the male reproductive system and species specificity in the terrestrial
isopods. Gen Comp Endocrinol 125: 218–225

Hashioto, Y., 1965. Taste-producing substances in marine products. In: Kreuzer, R. (ED), The
Technology of fish utilization. Fishing news Books, Ltd., London, England, p.57.

Hassan, M. A. and M. K. Bandhopadhyay, 1997. Combined cultivation of Macrobrachium rosenbergii


and Ctenopharyngodon idella in a marginal pond of Bhomra Beel in West Bengal. In: K. K.
Vass and M. Sinha (eds.), Proc. Natl. Sem. Changing Perspec. Inland Fish., 16-17 March, 1997,
Inland Fish. Soc. India, 158-162.

Hattori, T., 1994. Soil protozoa. In: J. F. Parbyshire (ed.)., CAB International Walling Ford, U.K., 43-64.

Havenaar, R and J.H.J. Huisin‘t Veld, 1992. Probiotics: a general review. The Lactic Acid Bacteria
in Health and Disease (Wood B, ed), pp. 151–170. Elsevier, Barking, Essex, UK.
Heller K.J., 2001. Probiotic bacteria in fermented foods: product characteristics and starter
organisms. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 73: 374S–379S.

Herman, F., P. Boucher and E. Fievet, 1999. Potentialite‘s et inte‘re‘ts de l‘e‘levage larvaire de la
crevette d‘eau douce indige'ne Macrobrachium carcinus (L.) (Palaemonidae) aux Antilles
Francaises. Bulletin Francais de la PechE che et de la Protection desMilieux
AquaticsTropicaux 352, 81-90.

Hernandez, 2006. Protein Requirements of the Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii


Evaluated by the Factorial Method. JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE
SOCIETY , 37, 2, 145 -153.

Herrera F.D., Uribe E.S., Ramirez L.F.B. & Mora A.G. (1998) Critical thermal maxima and minima
of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Decapoda: Palaemonidae). Journal of Thermal Biology
23,381^385.

Hills, S. J., J. D. Sedlack, P. A. Weston, J. H. Tidwell, K. D. Davis and W. L. Knight, 1997. Effect of
diet and organic fertilization on water quality and benthic, macro invertebrate population in
ponds used to culture freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J. Appl. Aquacult., 7(3):
19-32.

Hilton J.W., K.E. Harrison, and S.J. Slinger, 1984. A semi-purified test diet for Macrobrachium
rosenbergii and the lack of need for supplemental lecithin. Aquaculture, 37: 209–215.

Himabindu, V.K., 1998. Response of different modes of probiotic treatment to the post-larvae of
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). J. Aqua. Trop., 23(4): 36-43.

Hinsch, G. W. and M. C. Cone, 1969. Ultrastructural observation of vitellogenesis in the spider crab,
Libinia emarginate. C. J. Cell. Biol., 40: 531-535.

Hong, H.A., Hong Duc L and Cutting S.M., 2005 The use of bacterial spore formers as probiotics.
FEMS Microbiol Rev 29: 813–835.

Hopkins P.M. , 1982. Growth and regeneration patterns in the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator. Biological
Bulletin 163, 301^319.

Hoq, M. E., M. M. Islam and M. M. Hussain, 1996. Polyculture of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium
rosenbergii) with Chinese and Indian carps in farmer's pond. J. Aqua. Trop., 11: 135-141.

Hossain, M. A. and M. S. Islam, 2006. Optimization of stocking density of freshwater prawn


Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) in carp polyculture in Bangladesh, Aquaculture
Research, 37, 994^1000

Hossain, M.A. and S.F.Islam, 2007. Meat and Bone Meal as Partial Substitute for Fish Meal in
Nursery Diet for Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) JOURNAL
OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY 38, 2, 272 – 280.
Hossain, MA., and A. SM. Kibria, 2006. Over-wintering growth of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de
Man) with carp polyculture in Bangladesh fed formulated diets Aquaculture Research, 2006,
37, 1334^1340

Hossain, Md. A. and L.Paul, 2007. Low-cost diet for monoculture of giant freshwater prawn
(Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man) in Bangladesh. Aqua. Res., 38: 232-238.

Hossain, M.A., Siddiqui, M.A. L., and M.A.H. Miaije, 2000. Development of low-cost feed for
culture of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) in ponds.
Bangladesh J. of Fisheries, 4: 127 – 134.

Howe N.R. (1981) Partial moulting synchrony in the giant Malaysian prawn Macrobrachium
rosenbergii: a chemical communication hypothesis. Journal of Chemical Ecology 7,487^500.

Hsieh, S.L., S.M. Chen, Y.H. Yang, and C.M. Kuo, 2006 Involvement of norepinephrine in the
hyperglycemic responses of the freshwater giant prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, under
cold shock. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A 143, 254–263

Hu, K.J., Leung, P.C., 2007. Food digestion by cathepsin L and digestion-related rapid cell
differentiation in shrimp hepatopancreas. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B, Biochem. Mol. Biol.
146, 69–80.

Hua, R.S., Ge, L.L., Wang, J.P., Guo, X.D., 2001. The application of EM in aquaculture. Sci. Fish
Farming 6, 41–42 (in Chinese).

Huang, S., Lau, B.Y. and Chen, J.C. 1981. Effects of eyestalk ablation ofn growth and molt of
freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Bull. Inst. Zool., 20: 41 – 47.

Hui-Rong, L., Y. Yong, J. Wei-Shang and X. Huai-Shu, 2001. The effect of ALKEN CLEAR-FLO
1200 used in grow-out ponds of Penaeus japonicus. Aqua. Maz., 23 : 36-39.

Hunter, J. and E. Brown, 1985. Crustacean and mollusk aquaculture in the United States. Avi Publ.
Comp.Inc., Westport, Connecticut, 476pp.

Huong, D.T. W.J. Yang. A. Okuma, and W.N. Wilder, 2001. Change in free amino acids in the
hemolymph of giant freshwater prawn. Macrobrachium rosenbergii exposed to varying
salinities: relationship to osmoregulatory ability. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 128A, 317 – 326.

Icely JD, Nott JA 1992. Digestion and absorption: digestive system and associated organs. In:
Microscopic anatomy of invertebrates, Decapoda Crustacea, vol.10, F.W. Harrison and A.G.
Humes, Eds. Wily-Liss inc., N.Y., pp 147 – 201

Ignatius, C. A. and D. M. Thampy, 1991. Effect of salinity of survival and growth of the palaemonid
prawn, Macrobrachium idella (Hilgendorf). J. Aqua. Trop., 6: 35-44.

Ikeda, T., 1989. RNA content of Antartic krill (Euphasia superba), an estimator of natural growth
rate. Proc. NIPR Symposum on Polar Biol. 2, 26 – 33.
Indulkar, S.T. and S.G. Belsare, 2003. Effect of probiotics on growth and survival of post-larvae of
Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J. Aqua. Trop., 18(4): 287-298.

Intriago, P., Krauss, E., Barniol, R., 1998. The use of yeast and fungi as probiotics in Penaeus
Íannamei larviculture. Aquaculture 98. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, p. 263.

Irianto A and Austin B, 2002. Probiotics in aquaculture. J. Fish Dis., 25: 633–642.

Ishikawa, M., S. Teshima, A. Kanazawa, and S. Koshio.1997. Measurements of digestibilities of


cholesterol and fatty acids using 5a-cholestane as an inert marker in the tilapia, Oreochromis
niloticus, and the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Journal of Applied
Ichthyology 13:31–35.

Islam M.R., Saha S.B., Mollah M.R.A. & Rokeya J.A., 1999. Polyculture of Macrobrachium
rosenbergii (de Man) with carps in ponds. BangladeshJournal of Fisheries 22,39^44.

Jacobsen C.N., Nielsen V.R., Hayford A.E., Moller P.L., Michaelsen K.F., Paerregaard A.,
Sandstorm B.,Tvede M. & Jakobsen M.,1999. Screening of probiotic activities of forty seven
strains of lactobacillus sp. By in vitro technique and evaluation of the colonization ability of
five selected strains in humans. Applied and environmental Microbiology11, 4949-4956.

Jalihal, D.R., K.N. Sankolli, S. Shenoy, 1993. Evolution of larval developmental pattern and the
process of fresh waterization in the prawn genus Macrobrachium Bate, 1868 (Decapoda,
Palaemonidae). Crustaceana, 65, 365 – 376.

Jana, T. K., R.D. Banerjee and B.B. Jana, 2007. Responses of some bio-geochemical cycling bacteria
and their activities to management protocols under polyculture with Indian major carps and
freshwater giant prawn. Aquaculture, 264, 184 – 196.

Jana, B. B., P. Chakraborty, J. K. Biswas, and S. Ganguly. 2001. Biogeochemical cycling bacteria as
indices of pond fertilization: importance of CNP ratios of input fertilizers. Journal of Applied
Microbiology 90:733-740.

Jasmani, S., T. Ohira, v. Jayasankar, N. Tsutsui, K. Aida and M.N. Wilder, 2004. Localization of
vitellogenin mRNA expression and vitellogenin uptake during ovarian maturation in the giant
freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Comp. Exper. Biol., A301 (4): 334-43.

Jayaprakas, V., Sambhu, C., 1996. Growth response of white prawn, Penaeus indicus, to dietary L-
carnitine. Asian Fish. Sci. 9, 209–219.

Jayaprakash, N.S.,V J Rejish Kumar, Rosamma Philip and I S Bright Singh, 2006. Vibrios associated
with Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) larvae from three hatcheries on the Indian
southwest coast. Aquaculture Research, 2006, 37, 351-358

Jayachandran K.V. 2001. Palaemonid Prawns: Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Biology and Management.
Science Publishers, Enfield, NH, USA,624pp.
Jeyasekaran, G., P.Ganeshan, R. Anandaraj, R.Jeya Shakila and D.Sukumar, 2006. Quantitative and
qualitative studies on the bacteriological quality of Indian white shrimp ( Penaeus indicus)
stored in dry ice. Food Microbiology, 23, 526 – 535.

Jhingran, V. G., 1983. Fish and Fisheries of India. Hindustan Publ. Corp., New Delhi, India. 666 pp.

Jiménez-Montealegre, R., Verdegem, M., Zamora, J.E., Verreth, J., 2002. Organic matter
sedimentation and resuspension in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) ponds during a production
cycle. Aquac. Eng. 26, 1–12.

Joborn, A., Olsson, J.C., Westerdahl, A., Conway, P.L. and Kjelleberg, S. 1997. Colonization in the
fish intestinal tract and production of inhibitory substances in intestinal mucus and faecal
extracts by Carnobacterium sp. strain K1. J Fish Dis 20: 383-392.

John, K. R., M. Venkataswamy and V. Sundararaj, 1995. Monoculture, bispecies culture and composite
culture of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and M. malcolmsonii. J. Aqua. Trop., 10: 37-41.

John, C.M., 1957. Bionomics and life history of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) Bull.Cent.
Res.Inst., Univ. Kerala, Trivandrum, Ser,. C. , 5(1)a : 93 – 102.

Johnston DJ, Alexander CG 1999. Functional morphology of the mouth parts and alimentary tract of
the slipper lobster Thenus orientalis (Decapod: Scyllaridae) Mar Freshw Res 50: 213 – 223

Johnston, D., M. Lourey, D.V. Tien, T.T. Luu and T.T. Xuan, 2002. Water quality and plankton
densities in mixed shrimp-mangrove forestry farming systems in Vietnam. Aquaculture
Research, 33, 785 – 798.

Jonsson, E., 1986. Persistence of Lactobacillus strain in the gut of sucking piglets and its influence on
performance and health. Swed.J. Agric. Res., 16, 43–60.

Jones, N.R., 1969. Meat and fish flavors significance of ribonucleotides and their metabolites J. Agric
Food chem., 17: 712-719.

Johnston, D., M. Lourey, D.V. Tien, T.T. Luu and T.T. Xuan, 2002. Water quality and plankton
densities in mixed shrimp-mangrove forestry farming systems in Vietnam. Aquaculture
Research, 33, 785 – 795.

Jose S., Nair C.M. & Thampy D.M. 1992. Culture of M. rosenbergii in homestead ponds. In:
Freshwater Prawns (ed. By E.G. Silas), pp. 247^250. Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur,
India.

Joshi, P. C. and S. S. Khanna, 1985. Studies on the relationship between the neurosecretion of the brain
and the testicular cuticle in a crab, Potamon koolooense (Rathbon) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Zool.
Anz. Jena., 214: 320.

Juarez L.M., Holtschmit K.H, SalmeronJ.J. & Kimberly Smith M. (1987) The e!ects of chemical and
visual communication, space availability, and substratumcolour on growth of the juvenile
freshwater prawnMacrobrachiumrosenbergii (de Man). Journal of Experimental Marine
Biology and Ecology110, 285^295
Juchault, P and Legrand, J.J 1978. Study of the fuctioning of the androgenic gland in the case of cross
grafts between two terrestrial isopod crustacean species, Procellio dialatus (Bradt) and
A.vulgare latreille 1: Notion of a hormone specificity and of neurohormones involved in
control of androgenic gland function. Gen.Comp. Endocrinol., 36(2): 175 -186.

Juinio,M.A., Cobb, J.S., Bengston, D., Johnson, M., 1992. Changes in nucleic acids over the moult
cycle in relation to food availability and temperature in Homarus americanus post larvae.
Mar.Biol.114, 1-10.

Jurgens, K. and G. Stolpe, 1995. Seasonal dynamics of crustacean zooplankton, heterotrophic


nanoflagellates and bacteria in a shallow eutrophic lake. Freshwat. Biol., 33: 27-38.

Justo, C. C., K. Aida and I. Hanyu, 1991. Effects of photoperiod and temperature on molting
reproduction and growth of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Bull. Japan. Soc.
Sci. Fish., 57(2): 209-217.

Kahan, D., 1984. Overview food for larval stages aquaculture live or artificial food? Israeli. J. Zool.,
33(4): 152-153.

Kamarudin, M.S. and P. Roustaian, 2002. Growth and fatty acid composition of freshwater prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii, larvae fed diets containing various ratios of cod liver oil–corn
oil mixture. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 18, 148–153.

Kamarudin, M. S., D. A. Jones, and L. LeVey. 1994. Ontogenic change in digestive enzyme activity
during larval development of Mucrohrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture 123:323-333.

Kamei Y, Yoshimizu M, Ezura Y and Kimura T 1988. Screening of bacteria with antiviral activity
from fresh water salmonid hatcheries. Microbiol Immunol 32:67–73

Kanaujia, D. R., A. N. Mohanty and B. K. Das, 1997. Breeding and culture of Indian river prawn,
Macrobrachium malcolmsonii (H. Milne Edwards). Fishing Chimes, 7-11.

Kanaujia, D. R., A. N. Mohanty and S. D. Tripathi, 1999. Year-round breeding and seed production of
Indian river prawn, Macrobrachium malcolmsonii (H. Milne Edwards) under controlled
conditions. J. Aqua. Trop., 14(1): 27-36.

Kanazawa, A.., 1993. Essential phospholipids of fish and crustaceans. In: Kaushik, S.F., Luquet, P.,
(Eds.), Fish Nutrition in practice, 1993. Ed. INRA, Paris, pp. 519-2-530.

Kanazawa, A., Teshima, S. and Tokiwa, S., 1979b. Nutritional requirements of prawn. VII. Effect of
dietary lipids on growth. Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish., 43: 849-856.

Kanazawa, A., S. Teshima, H. Sasada, S. A. Rahman, 1982. Culture of the prawn larvae with micro-
particulate diets. Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish., 48(2): 195-199.

Kang‘ombe, J., J.A. Brown and L.C. Halfyard, 2006. Effect of using different types of organic
animal manure on plankton abundance, and on growth and survival of Tilapia rendalli
(Boulenger) in ponds. Aquaculture Research, 17, 1360 – 1371.
Kapur, K. and K. K. Lal, 1986. The chemical quality of waste treated waters and its relation with
patterns of zooplankton population, In: J. L. MacLean, L. B. Dizon and L. V. Hosillos (eds.),
First Asian Fish. Forum, AFS, Manila, Philippines, 129-132

Karplus. I., 2005. Social control of growth in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man): a review and
prospects for future research Aquaculture Research, 36, 238- 254

Karplus I. and Harpaz S. 1990. Preliminary observations on behavioural interactions and distribution
patterns of freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii under semi-natural conditions
(Decapoda, Caridea). Crustaceana 59,193^203.

Karplus, I., G. Hulata, and S. Zafrir. 1992. Social control of growth in Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
IV. The mechanism of growth suppression in runts. Aquaculture 106:275–283.

Karplus. I. and G. Hulata, 1995. Social control of growth in Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the effect of
lateral eyestalk ablation on jumpers and laggards. Aquaculture, 138(1-4): 181-190

Karplus I., Hulata G.,Wohlfarth G.W. and HalevyA. 1986a. The effect of density of Macrobrachium
rosenbergii raised in earthen ponds on their population structure and weight distribution.
Aquaculture 52,307^320.

Karplus, I., G. Hulata, G.W. Wohlforth, A. Halevy, 1986b. The effect of size-grading juvenile
Macrobrachium rosenbergii prior to stocking on their population structure and production in
poly culture I. Dividing the population into two fraction. Aquaculture, 56, 257 – 270.

Karplus, I., G. Hulata, G.W. Wohlforth, A. Halevy, 1987. The effect of size-grading juvenile
Macrobrachium rosenbergii prior to stocking on their population structure and production in
poly culture II. Dividing the population into three fraction. Aquaculture, 62, 85 – 95.

Karplus I., Samsonov E., Hulata G. & Milstein A. 1989. Social control of growth in Macrobrachium
rosenbergii I. The e!ect of claw ablation on survival and growth of communally raised
prawns. Aquaculture 80, 325^335.

Karplus, I., G. Hulata and P. Goldberg, 1990. Effect of age at metamorphosis on population structure
and production of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in polyculture ponds. Israeli J. Aqua., 42(4): 122-
127.

Karplus, I., A. Barki, Y. Israel, and S. Cohen., 1991. Social control of growth in Macrobrachium
rosenbergii: II The leap frog growth pattern. Aquaculture, 96, 353 – 365.

Karplus, I., G. Hulata, S. Zafrir, 1992b. Social control of growth in Macrobrachium rosenbergii: IV.
The mechanism of growth suppression in runts. Aquaculture, 106, 275 – 283.

Karplus I., S. Malecha, and A. Sagi, 2000. The biology and management of size variation. In:
Freshwater Prawn Culture (ed. by M.B. New & W.C.Valenti), pp. 259-289. Blackwell
Science, Oxford, UK.
Karunasagar, I., R. Pai, G.R. Malathi and I. Karunasagar, 1994. Mass mortality of Penaeus monodon
larvae due to antibiotic resistant Vibrio harveyi infection. Aquaculture 128, 203–209.

Katakura, I. 1989. Endocrine and genetic control or sex differentiation in the malacostracan
Crustacea. Invert. Reprod. Develop., 16, 177 – 182.

Kendall R.A., Van Olst J.C. & Carlberg J.M. 1982. E!ects of chelae immobilization on growth and
survivorship for individually and communally raised lobsters, Homarus americanus.
Aquaculture 29,359^372.

Kennedy, B., M.N. Venugopal, I. Karunasagar and I. Karunasagar, 2006. Bacterial flora associated
with the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, in the hatchery system.
Aquaculture 261, 1156– 1167.

Kesarcodi-Watson, A., H. Kaspar, M. Josie Lategan and L. Gibson, 2008. Probiotics in aquaculture:
The need, principles and mechanisms of action and screening processes. Aquaculture, 23: 38-
41.

Keysami, M.A., Saad, C.R.,, Sijam, K, Daud, H.M., and Alimon, A.R., 2007. Effect of Bacillus
subtilis on growth development and survival of larvae Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man).
Aquaculture Nutrition 2007 13; 131–136

Keysami, M.A., Saad, C.R., Daud, H.M., Sijam, K. & Alimon, A.R. 2005. A preliminary study for
isolation and identification of the aerobic putative bacterial flora in juvenile giant freshwater
prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). Kustem 4th Annual Seminar held at Primula
Beach Resort, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia during May 2–3, 2005. Abstract book, pp. 78.

Khalaila I, Katz T, Abdu U, Yehezkel G, Sagi A 2001. Effects of implantation of hypertrophied


androgenic glands on sexual characters and physiology of the reproductive system in the
female red claw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 121: 242–249

Kim, D.-H., Jo, Q., Kim, B.-K., Han, C.-H., 2002. Eyestalk ablation-induced androgenic gland
activity and gonad development in the freshwater prawns Macrobrachium nipponense (De
Haan, 1849). Invertebr. Reprod. Dev. 42, 35–42.

King DS, 1964. Fine structure of the androgenic gland of the crab, Pachygrapsus crassipes. Gen
Comp Endocrinol 4: 533–544

Kitcharoen, N., Skorn Koonawootrittiron, Uthairat Na-Nakorn, 2010. Selection of brooders from
early maturing freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) results in faster growth rates
of offspring than in those selected from late maturing prawns. Aquaculture 306 (2010) 362–
364

Kleinholtz, L.H. and R. Keller, 1979. Endocrine regulation in crustacean hormones and evolution.
(E.J.W. Barriongton, ed.), Academic Press, New York, 160-213.

Kleinholz, L. H. 1985. Biochemistry of crustacean hormones In : Bliss, D.E., Mantel, L.H. (Eds.) the
biology of crustacea, Integument pigments and hormonal process, vol.9. academic press,
Newyork, pp. 464 – 522.
Koilraj, A. J., G. Marimuthu, K. Natarajan, S. Saravanan, P. Maran and M. J. Hsu, 1999. Fungal
diversity inside caves of Southern India. Curr. Sci., 78(8): 1081-1084.

Konan, K. M., A.B. Adepo-Gourene, A.Ouattara,W.D.Nyingy and G.Gourene, 2010. Morphometric


variation among male populations of freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium vollenhovenii
Herklots, 1851 from Cote d‘Ivoire Rivers, Fisheries Research, 103, 1–8

Koshio, S., A. Kanazawa, and S. Teshima. 1992. Nutritional evaluation of dietary soybean protein for
juvenile freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 58:965–
970.

Kovalenko, E.E., L.R. D‘Abramo, C.L. Ohs, R.K. Buddington, 2002. A successful microbound diet
for the larval culture of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii Aquaculture 210, 385–
395.

Krzynowek, J., and Panunzio, L.J., 1989. Cholesterol and fatty acids in several species of shrimp. J.
Food Sci., 54: 237-239.

Krovacek, KA., W. Ahne and I. Masson, 1987. Adhesion of Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio
anguillarum to fi sh cells and to mucus coated glass slides. FEMS Microbiol Lett 42: 85–89

Kulesh, V.F. and Y.G. Guiguinyak, 1993. Development and growth heterogeneity in oriental river
prawn Macrobrachium nipponense (deHaan) in ontogenius. Aquacult. Fish. Manage. 24: 751
– 760.

Kumar, A., and O. P. Sharma, 1999. Fermin: its impact on microbial and zooplankton production under
agroclimatic conditions of southern Rajasthan. J. Aqua. Trop., 14(1): 75-84.

Kumar, J. S. S., N. Nagarathinam and V. Sundararaj, 2000. Production characteristics of


Macrobrachium rosenbergii and M. malcolmsonii under controlled monoculture system. J.
Aqua.Trop., 15(3): 207-217.

Kumar, K., 1990. Limnological reconnaissance and fluctuation of planktonic fauna of an oxbow lake of
West Bengal - a case study. In: V. P. Agrawal and P. Das (eds.), Recent trends in limnology, Soc.
Biosci. Publ. Muzaffar Nagar, India. 301-321.

Kunn, P., E.A. Pakhomov, and C.D. McQuaid, 1999. Morphometric relationship of caridean shrimp
Nauticaris marionis Bate, 1988 at the Prince Edward Island (Southern Ocean). Polar Biol.,
22: 216-218.

Kunda M, Azim ME, Wahab MA, Dewan S, Roos Nanna, Thilsted SH (2008) Potential of mixed
culture of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and self-recruiting small species
mola (Amblypharyngodon mola) in rotational rice-fish/prawn culture system in Bangladesh.
Aquacult Res 39:506–517.

Kuris, A.M., Ra'anan, Z., Sagi, A., Cohen, D., 1987. Morphotypic differentiation of male Malaysian
giant prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Journal of Crustacean Biology 7, 219–237.
Kuris AM, Ra‘anan Z, Sagi A, Cohen D, 1987. Morphotypic differentiation of male Malaysian giant
prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J Crust Biol 7: 219–237

Kurup, B.M., M. Harikrishnan and S. Sureshkumar, 1998. Population structure and yield
characteristics of prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) reared in polders under
monoculture system. Indian J. Mar. Sci., 27: 396-401.
Kurup, B.M., K.Ranjeet and B. Hari, 1999. On the density dependent dynamics and growth of male
morphotype Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) in natural grow- outs and their significance
in the marketable yield structure and income. Abstract. National workshop on freshwater
prawn farming, Nellore, India, February, 8-9.

Kutty, M. N., 2005. Towards sustainable freshwater prawn aquaculture – lessons from shrimp
farming, with special reference to India. Aquaculture Research, 36, 255-263.

Kutty, M. N., F. Herman and H. Le Menn, 2000. Culture of other prawn species. Chapter 21, pp 393
– 410. In M. B. New and W. Velenti (eds), Freshwater prawn culture. The farming of
Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Blackwell Science, Oxford, 467p.

Kunn, P., E.A. Pakhomov, and C.D. McQuaid, 1999. Morphometric relationship of caridean shrimp
Nauticaris marionis Bate, 1988 at the Prince Edward Island (Southern Ocean). Polar Biol.,
22: 216-218.

Lake, P. S., 1971. Histology and histochemical observation on the cephalic neurosecretory system of the
crab, Pachygraphses gaimadii Pap. Proc. Roy. Soc. Morphologia, 24: 148.

Lakra, W.S., 1997. Chromosomes of the marine prawn, Metapenaeus affinis (H. Milne Edward),
Indian. J. Fish., 44(3), 287 -290.

Lalitha K.V. and Gopakumar K. (1996) Distribution of Clostridium botulinum in farmed fish and
shrimp in India. FAO Fisheries Report 563,43-54.

Lalitha, K.V., and P.K. Surendran, 2004. Bacterial microflora associated with farmed freshwater
prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) and the aquaculture environment. Aquaculture
research, 35, 629 – 635.

Lan, LM, Long, DN. and Micha. J., 2006. The effects of densities and feed types on the production of
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (deMan) in the rotational rice-prawn system. Aquacult Res
37:1297–1304.

Langer, R. K. and J. Somalingam, 1993. Experimental culture of freshwater prawns in ponds at


powerhedam hoshangabad. Proc. Third Indian Fish. Forum., 65-66.

Laohabanjong, R., C. Tantikitti, S. Benjakul, K. Supamattaya, M. Boonyaratpalin, 2009. Lipid


oxidation in fish meal stored under different conditions on growth, feed efficiency and
hepatopancreatic cells of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Aquaculture, 286, 283–289

Lara-Flores, M., M.A. Olvera-Novoa, B.E. Guzman Mendez and W. Lopez- Madrid. 2003. Use of
the bacteria Streptococcus faecium and lactobacillus . acidophilus and the yeast
Saccharomyces as growth promoters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture,
216: 193-201

Lavens, P. and P. Sorgeloos. 1996. Manual on the production and use of live food for aquaculture. FAO
Fish. Techn. Paper, 361: 266-286.

Law, A. T., K. S. S. Chin, K. J. Ang and M. S. Kamarudin, 1990. Digestibility of low cost ingredients in
pelleted feeds by Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). In: R. Hirano and I. Hanyu (eds.),
Second Asian Fish. Forum, AFS, Manila, Philippines, 333-336.

Law, A. T., Y. T. Poh and K. J. Ang, 1993. Least-cost feed formulation for juvenile Macrobrachium
roserbergii (de Man) by using the linear programming technique. Pertaniker. J. Trop. Agri. Sci.
16(2): 119-127.

LawA.T.,WongY.H. & Abol-Muna A.B., 2002. Effect of hydrogen ion on Macrobrachium


rosenbergii egg hatchability in brackishwater. Aquaculture 214, 247^251.

Lee, K. K.; Yu, S. R.; Yand, T. I.; Liu, P. C.; Chen, F. R., 1996: Isolation and characterization of
Vibrio alginolyticus from diseased kuruma prawn, Penaeus japonicus. Lett. Appl. Microbiol.
22, 111–114.

Lee YK, Lim WL, Teng AC, Ouwehand EM, Tuomola EM and Salminen S, 2000. Quantitative
approach in the study of adhesion of lactic acid bacteria to intestinal cells and their
competition with enterobacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 66: 3692–3697.

Lemmons, J.W.T.J., 1995, Nucleic acid levels, cellular activity and growth during pueralus stage of
the western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus). J.Exp. Mar.Biol.Ecol. 194, 143 – 156.

Levine, M. and Sulkin, S.D. 1984. Nutritional significance of long-chain Polynsaturated fatty acids
to the zoeal development of the brachyuran crab, Eurypanopeus depressus (smith). Journal of
Experimental Marine biology ecology, 81, 211-223.

Li, C.W., Y. Q. Guan, R. C. Yu, B. Zhang, and Z. M. Yu. 2003. The effects of Heterosigma akashiwo
on artificial infection of white spot syndrome virus in Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Acta
Oceanologica Sinica 25: 132–137 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Li, J., Tan, B., Mai, K., Ai, Q., Zhang, W., Xu, W., Liufu, Z., Ma, H., 2006. Comparative study
between probiotic bacterium Arthrobacter XE-7 and chloramphenicol on protection of
Penaeus chinensis post-larvae from pathogenic vibrios. Aquaculture 253, 140–147.

Li, D.D. 1989. Behavioural and metabolic factors affecting heterogeneous individual growth
inMacrobrachiumrosenbergii. MSc thesis, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, USA,125pp.

Liang, Y., M. Sun., A. Han, and C. Gao. 1995. Analysis of amino acid of muscle tissue of P.
monodon. Marine Science Haiyang Kexue 3:27-30

Liao, I. C. and T. Murai, 1986. Effects of dissolved oxygen temperature and salinity on the oxygen
consumption of grass shrimp, Penaeus monodon. In: J. L. MacLean, L. B. Dizon and L. V.
Hosillos (eds.), Proc. First Asian Fish. Forum, AFS, Manila, Philippines, 641-646.
Lightner, D.V., 1993. Diseases of cultured penaeid shrimps. In: McVey, J.P. _Ed.., CRC Handbook
of Mariculture. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 393–486

Lily, DM and R.H. Stillwell, 1965. ‗Probiotics‘: growth promoting factors produced by
microorganisms. Science 147: 747–748.

Limpadanai, D. and R. Tansakul. 1980. Culture of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
in a small reservoir. Aquaculture, 20(3): 257-260.

Limsuwan, C., 1993. Shrimp diseases and health management in southeast Asia, In: R. P. Subasinghe
and M. Shariff (ed.), Disease in Aquaculture: the current Issues. MFS, Serdang, Malaysia, 71-
96.

Lin, FY., 1996 Structure of the gland filters in the pyloric stomach of Penaeus japonicas
(Decapoda:Penaeidae) J.Crust. Biol. 16 (3): 515-521.

Lin, FY., 2000. Scanning electron microscopic observations on the gland filters of the pyloric
stomach of Penaeus monodon and Metapenaeus ensi (Decapoda:Penaeidae) Crustaceana
73(2):163 – 174.

Lin C.K. and Boonyaratpalin M. (1988) An analysis of biological characteristics of Macrobrachium


rosenbergii (de Man) in relation to pond production and marketing in Thailand. Aquaculture
74, 205^215.

Lin, Y. R., S.L. Huang and C.H. Huang, 2003. Characteristics of NADH-dependent lipid
peroxidation in sarcoplasmic reticulum of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei and
freshwater giant prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology Part B, 135, 683–687.

Lin, H.Z., Z. Guo, Y. Yang, W. Zheng and Z.J. Li, 2004. Effect of diatry probiotic on apparent
digestibility coefficients of nutrients of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Boone.
Aquaculture Research, 35: 1441-1447.

Ling, S. W., 1962. Studies on the rearing of larvae and juvenile and culting of adults of macrobrachium
rosenbergii (de Man). IPFC Curr. Affairs Bull., 35" 1-11.

Ling, S.W., 1969. The general biology and development of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man).
FAO Fisheries Report 3, 589-619.

Ling, S. W. and T. J. Costello, 1976. The culture of freshwater prawns: a review. T. V. R. Pillay and W.
A. Dill (ed.), Advances in Aquaculture, FAO Techn. Conf. Aquacult., 26th May -2nd June 1976,
Kyoto, Japan, Advances in Aquaculture,

Ling, S. W. and A. B. O. Merican, 1961. Notes on the life and habits of the adults and larval stages on
Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Proc. Indo-Pac. Rijheria Counl., 9(2): 55-60.
Liobera, J.A., and W.H. Neill, 1989. Growth, molting, food ingestion and absorption in juvenile
Macrobrachium rosenbergii in relation to dissolved oxygen. Aquacult. Biotech. Prog., 1:
395-400
Lone Khalid, P., !988. Inland fisheries and aquaculture in Pakistan. A revew of PARC. Directorate
of Scientific Information.

Lovett, D. L. and D. L. Felder, 1988. Evaluation of the rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis as a substitute for
Artemia in feeding larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture, 71: 331-338.

Lovett, D.L, Felder, D.L., 1990. Change in digestive enzyme activity of larval and postlarval white
shrimp Penaeus setiferus (Decapoda, Penaeidae, Crustacean). Biol. Bull. 178, 144–159.

Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L., Randall, R.J., 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin
phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193, 265– 276.

Lu, K-Y., Y-T. Huang, H-H. Lee and H-H. 2006. Cloning the prophenoloxidase cDNA and
monitoring the expression of proPO mRNA in prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
stimulated in vivo by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 20, 274 –
284

MacLean, M. H., K. J. Ang, J. H. Brown and K. Jauncey, 1989. The effect of organic fertilizer and
formulated feed in pond culture of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)
prawn production. Aqua. Fish. Manag., 20: 399-406.

MacLean, M. H, J. H. Brown, K. J. Ang, and K. Jauncey, 1994. Effect of organic fertilizer and
formulated feed in pond culture of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii: pond
productivity. Aqua. Fish. Manag., 25: 729-740.

Maeda, M. 1999. Microbial Processes in Aquaculture. National Research Institute of Aquaculture.


Nansei, Mie 516-0193, Japan.

Maeda, M. and Liao, I. C., 1992. Effect of bacterial population on the growth of a prawn larva,
Penaeus monodon. Bull. Natl. Res. Inst. Aquaculture, 21: 25-29.

Magnuson, J.J., 1962. An analysis of aggressive behavior, growth and competition for food and space
in Medaka (O and as latipes, Pisces, Cyprinodontidae) . Can. J. Zool., 40: 313-363.

Mahapatra, B. K. and N. C. Datta, 1996. Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) as biological agent to
control molluscan population in fish culture ponds of the Sundarbans. Environ. Ecol., 14(4): 968-
972.

Mahboob, S., A. N. Sheri and S. H. Raza, 1996. Proximate composition of major, common and some
Chinese carps as influenced by pond fertilization and feed supplementation in composite culture
system. J. Aqua. Trop., 11: 277-284.

Malecha, S. R., D. H. Buck, R. J. Baur and D. R. Onizuka, 1981. Polyculture of the freshwater prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Chinese and common carps in ponds enriched with swine manure.
I. initial trials. Aquaculture, 25(3): 101-116.
Malecha S.R., Masuno S. & Onizuka D. 1984. The feasibility of measuring the heritability of growth
pattern variation in juvenile freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man).
Aquaculture 38,347-363.

Malecha, S. R., P. A. Nevin, P. Ha, L. E. Barck, R. Y. Lamadried, S. Masuno and D. Hedgecok, 1992.
Sex ratios and sex determination in progeny from crosses of surgically sex-reversed freshwater
prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture, 105: 201-218.

Mallasen M. and ValentiW.C. , 2005. Larval development of the giant river prawn Macrobrachium
rosenbergii at di!erent ammonia concentrations and pH values. Journal of the World
Aquaculture Society 36,32^41.

Manoharachary, C. and P. Ramarao, 1983. Microbial ecology of two freshwater ponds, muds of
Hyderbad district, India. Mycologia, 91: 411-420

Manush, S.M., A.K. Pal, N. Chatterjee, T. Das, S.C. Mukherjee, 2004. Thermal tolerance and
oxygen consumption of Macrobrachium rosenbergii acclimated to three temperatures Journal
of Thermal Biology 29 (2004) 15–19
Manush, S.M., A.K. Pal ., T. Das, S.C. Mukherjee, 2006. The influence of temperatures ranging
from 25 to 36°C on developmental rates, morphometrics and survival of freshwater prawn
(Macrobrachium rosenbergii) embryos. Aquaculture 256 (2006) 529–536

Marco, H. G. and G. Gade, 1999. A comparative immuno-cytochemical study of the hyperglycemic,


moult inhibiting and vitellogenesis inhibiting neurohormone family in three species of decapod
crustacea. Cell Tiss. Res., 295: 171-182.

Mariappan, P., 2000. Studies on Chela biology and behaviour of Macrobrachium nobilii with special
reference to Aquaculture, ph.D dissertation, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, India ,
pp – 1-67.

Mariappan, P. and C. Balasundaram, 1999. Recent trends in shrimp feeding practices. Fishing Chimes,
19(6): 18-19.

Mariappan, P., P. Balamurugan, and C, Balasundaram, 2003. Freshwater prawn Macrobrachium


nobilii a promising candidate for rural nutrition. Aquaculture Asia, 8(4), 13-14.

Marques De, H. L. A., J. V. Lombadi, A. F. Camposde and M. V. Boock, 1998. Effect of two feeding
managements on growth and survival of freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
stocked in nursery cages. Revista Ceres, 45(262): 579-584.

Martin, G.,Sorokine, O., Moniatte, M., Bulet, P., Hetru, C. and Van Dorsselaer, A. 1999. The
structure of a glycosytated protein hormone responsible for sex determination in the isopod,
Armadillidium vulgare. European journal of biochemistry, 262, 727 – 736.

Martinez-Cordova, L. R., R. Barraza and N. Pasten, 1997. Abundance, composition and nutritional
contribution of zooplankton in fertilized and unfertilized shrimp aquaculture ponds with different
feeding rates. J. Aqua. Trop., 12(1): 23-34.
Marzouk, M. S., M. M. Moustafa and N. M. Mohamed, 2008. The Influence Of Some Probiotics On
The Growth Performance And Intestinal Microbial Flora Of O. Niloticus International
Symposium On Tilapia In Aquaculture 1059 -1071

Mathew, P. W., M. J. Sebastin, D. M. Thampy and M. Nair, 1993. Preliminary observations on the
culture of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Pokkali fields. In: T. J.
Verghese (ed.), Proc. Spl. Indain Fish. Forum., AFS, Mangalore, India.

Mathew, P. W., 1994. Prospets of freshwater prawn farming in the coastal areas of Kerala. Fishing
Chimes, 7: 7-10.

Mauviot and Castell 1976 Mauviot, J.C. and Castell, J.D. 1976. Molt and growth enhancing effects
of bilateral ablation on juveniles and adult American lobster (Homarus americanus). J. Fish.
Board. Can., 33: 1922- 1929.

May-Ku, M., U. Ordonez-Lopez and O. Defeo, 2005. Morphometric differentiation in small


juveniles of the pink spotted shrimp (Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis) and the Southern pink
shrim (F. notialis) in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Fish. Bull., 104: 306-310

McNeely, R. N., V. P. Neimanis, and L. Dwyer. 1979. Water quality sourcebook: a guide to water
quality parameters. Inland Waters Directorate, Water Quality Branch, Ottawa, Canada

McNamara.J.C, J.C.Rosa,L.J.Greena and A.Augusto,2004. Free amino acid pools as effectors of


osmotic adjustment in different tissues of the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium olfersii
(crustacean, Decapoda) during long-term salinity acclimation, Mar. Freshw. Behav. Physiol,
37: 192-208.

Mendoza, R., J. Montemayor and J.Verde, 1997. Biogenic amines and pheromones as feed attractants
for the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquacult. Nutr., 3(3): 167-173.

Menon. V.R., A.Rajagopal and R.Srinivasan, 1972. A preliminary report on pond culture and
breeding of Freshwater prawn Macrobrachium malcomsonii in Tamilnadu. Proc.Seminar in
Mariculture and Maechanised fishing , Madras, 97 – 100.

Merican, Z.O. & Shim, K.F. 1994. Lipid and fatty acid utilization of adult Penaeus monodon fed
diets supplemented with various oils. Aquaculture, 123, 335–347.

Meunpol, O., K. Lopinyosiri and P. Menasveta, 2003. The effects of ozone and probiotics on the
survival of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Aquaculture, 220, 437–448.

Meyers, TR., and Hendricks, JD., 1985. Histopathology In: fundamentals of aquatic toxicology. Rand
GM, Petrochelli, SAR, Eds. McGrow Hill Int. Book Co. Johannesburg. Pp. 283 – 331.

Michael, R. G., 1973. A guide to the study of freshwater organisms. Madurai University Publ. Madurai,
India, 185 pp.

Michael, R. G., 1969. Seasonal trends in physico-chemical factors and plankton of freshwater fish pond
and their role in fish culture. Hydrobiologia, 33(1): 144-160.
Miglioranza, KS. Gonzalez Sagrario, MA., Aizpun de Moreno, VJ., Escalante AH., Osterrieth,
ML,2002. Agricultural soil as a potential source of imput of organochlorine pesticides into a
nearby pond. Environ. Sci Poll Res 9(4):250-256.

Milkin, M. R., A. R. Fortner, P. H. Fair, and L. V. Sick. 1980. Influence of dietary protein
concentration on growth, feed conversion and general metabolism of juvenile prawn
(Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Proceedings of the World Mariculture Society, 11: 383–391.

Millamena, O.M., F.P. Pascula, 1990. Tissue lipid content and fatty acid composition of Penaeus
monodon broodstock from the wild. J. of World Aqua. Soc., 21, 116 – 121.

Millamena, O. M., V. D. Penaflorida and P. F. Subosa, 1990. The macronutrient composition of natural
food organisms mass cultured as larval feed for fish and prawns. Israeli J. Aqua., 42(3): 77-83.

Millamena, O.M., Baustista-Teruel, M.N., Reyes, O.S., Kanazawa, A.,1998. Requirements of


juvenile marine shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) for lysine and arginine. Aquacult. 164,
95–104.

Mirajkar, M. S., R. Sarojini and R. Nagabhushanam, 1984. Histology the androgenic gland in freshwater
prawn, Macrobrachium kistnensis. J. Anim. Morphol. Physiol., 31(1 & 2): 211-220.

Mitra, G., D.N. Chattopadhyay and P.K. Mukhopadhyay, 2005. Nutrition and feeding in freshwater
(Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farming. Aqua Feed, Vol. I, 17-19.

Mohamed, K.S., Diwan, A.D., 1992. Biochemical changes in different tissues during yolk synthesis
in marine prawn Penaeus indicus H. Milne Edwards. Indian J. Mar. Sci. 21, 30–34.

Mohanty, R.K., 2009. Impact of phased harvesting on population structure, feed intake pattern and
growth performance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii DeMan (giant freshwater prawn) in
polyculture with carps in concurrent rice–fish Culture, Aquaculture Int., 1 – 15.

Mohanty, S. and S. Ayyappan, 2003. Prospects of probiotics in aquaculture. In: Singh, I.S.B., S.S.
Pai, R. Philip and A. Mohandas, (Eds), Aquaculture Medicine, Centre for Fish Diagnosis and
Management, CUSAT, Kochi, India. P108 – 116.

Mohanty RK, Verma HN, Brahmanand PS , 2004. Performance evaluation of rice-fish integration
system in rainfed medium land ecosystem. Aquaculture 230:125–135.

Mohanty, S.N., S.K. Swain and S.D. Tripathi, 1993. Growth and survival of rohu spawn fed on a
liver based diet. J. Inland Fish. Soc. India 25, 41–45.

Mohanty, S.N., S.K. Swain and S.D. Tripathi, 1996. Rearing of (Catla Catla Ham.) spawn on
formulated diets. J. Aqua. Trop. 11, 253 – 258.

Moore, L.E., D.M. Smith, N.R. Loneragan, 2000. Blood refractive index and whole-body lipid
content as indicators of nutritional condition for penaeid prawns (Decapoda: Penaeidae).
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 244, 131–143
Moraes-Riodades, P.M.C. and W. C. Valenti, 2004. Morphotypes in male Amazon River Prawns,
Macrobrachium amazonicum, Aquaculture, 236, 297–307.

Moraes-Valenti M.C. and Valenti W.C., 2007. Effect of intensification on growout of theAmazon
river prawn, Macrobrachium amazonicum. Journal of theWorld Aquaculture Society
38,516^526.

Moriarty, D.J.W., Decamp, O., Lavens, P., 2005. Probiotics in aquaculture. Aquaculture
AsiaPacificMagazine September/October, pp. 14–16.

Moriarty, D. J. W., 1996. Probiotics and bioremediation in aquaculture. Asian Shrimp News, 26, 3.

Moriarty, D., 1997. The role of microorganisms in aquaculture ponds. Aquaculture 151:333–349

Moriarty, D. J. W., 1998. Control of luminous Vibrio species in penaeid aquaculture ponds.
Aquaculture, 164(1-4): 351-358.

Moriarty, D.J.W., 2003. Probiotics in aquaculture. Microbiology Australia 24, 15–17.

Moriarty, D. J. W. and M. C. Barklay, 1981. Carbon and nitrogen contents of food and the assimilation
efficiency of penaeid prawns in the Gulf of Carpentaria. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res., 32: 245-
251.

Moriarty, D. J. W. and A. G. C. Body. 1995. Modifying microbial ecology in ponds: the key to
sustainable aquaculture, p. 1–10. In Proceedings of Fish Asia ‘95 Conference: 2nd Asian
Aquaculture and Fisheries Exhibition and Conference. RAI Exhibitions, Singapore,
Singapore.

Mourente, G., Pereiro, M.P., Rodriguez, A., 1990. Contenido en acidos grasos de 10s lipidos totales
polares y neutros en musculo hepatopancreas y ovario de1 crustaceo Penaeus kernthurus
(Forskal) antes y despues de la puesta. Aquat. Living Res., 3: 243-250.

MPEDA 2001, An Overview. Marine Products Export Development Authority, India, Ministry of
Commerce and Industry, GoI, Cochin, India,47pp

MPEDA, 2004. An Overview.Marine Products Export Development Authority, India, Ministry of


Commerce and Industry, GoI, Kochi, India,63pp.

Muir J.F. 2003a. The future for fisheries: economic performance. Fisheries Sector Review and Future
Development Study. Commissioned with the association of the World Bank, DANIDA,
USAID, FAO, DFID with the cooperation of the Bangladesh Ministry of Fisheries and
Livestock and the Department of Fisheries, Dhaka,172pp.

Muir J.F., 2003b. The future for fisheries: livelihoods, social development and environment. Fisheries
Sector Review and Future Development Study. Commissioned with the association of the
World Bank, DANIDA, USAID, FAO, DFID with the cooperation of the Bangladesh
Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock and the Department of Fisheries, Dhaka,81pp.
Mukhopdhyay, P.K., and B.N. Paul, 1996 . Value addition components in aquaculture feeds. Fish.
Chimes, 16: 15 - 6.

Mukhopadhyay, M. K., A. K. U. Bhaumik, A. K. Das and S. K. Saha, 1997. Feasibility studies on


production of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in low saline wetlands of West Bengal. In: K. K. Vass
and M. Sinha (eds.), Proc. Natl. Sem. Changing Perspec. Inland Fish., Inland Fisheries Society,
India, Barrackpore, 150-153.

Munuswamy, N. and T. Subramoniam, 1985. Oogenesis and shellgland activity in a freshwater fairy
shrimp Streptocephalus dichotomus, Baird. Cytobios, 44: 137-147.

Munuswamy, N. and T. Subramoniam, 1986. Histochemical studies on the vitellegenesis in a fairy


shrimp, Streptocephalus dichotomus, Baird. Proc. Indian. Acad. Sci., (Anim. Sci.), 95(2): 171-
179.

Munuswamy, N. and T. Subramoniam, 1987. Neuroendocrine activity during ovarian maturation in the
fairy shrimp, Streptocephalus dichotomus. Crustaceana, 52(3): 303-315.

Murthy H.S. and Thanuja K. 2005. Recent advanced and constraints in hatchery production and
grow-out farming of freshwater prawn in India. Fishing Chimes 25, 54^57.

Murthy, S. H., 1998. Effect of enriched Artemia on metamorphosis and survival of larvae of giant
freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J. Aqua. Trop., 13(3): 215-222.

Murugan, N., P. Murugavel and M. S. Kodarkar, 1998. Cladoceran: the biology, classification,
identification and ecology, IAAB, Hyderabad, India, 5:1-55.

Nabi, M. R., T. Afroz, M. M. Haque and M. Faioog, 1996. Colony forming units of bacteria in dry
rupchanda, Pampuschiments euphrasen and gold chingri, Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man.
J. Asiatic Soc. Bangladesh Sci., 22(2): 179-182.

Nagabhushanam, R. and U. M. Farogri, 1983. Correlation between histopathological changes in the


neurosecretory cells, androgenic gland and y-organ in relation to reproduction in the male marine
crab, Scylla serrata. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India - B, 53(3): 207-212.

Nageswara, PV. and DE. Babu, 2006. Probiotics as an alternative therapy to minimize or avoid
antibiotics use in aquaculture. Fishing Chimes 26 (1):112–114

Nagamine, C., A.W. Knight, A. Maggenti and G. Paxman, 1980a. Effects of androgenic gland
ablation on male primary and secondary sexual characteristics in the Malaysian prawn
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) with first evidence of induced ferminization in a non-
hermaphroditic decapod. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 41: 423-441.

Nagamine, C., A.W. Knight, A. Maggenti and G. Paxman, 1980b. Masculinization of female
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) by androgenic gland
implantation. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 41: 442-457.

Naik A.T.R. and Murthy, H.S. 2000. Organoleptic evaluation of flesh of prawn and carps fed plant
and animal based protein diets. Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 37, 91^94
Nair, A. T. R. and H. S. Murthy, 1999. Use of plant and animal protein based diet on growth and body
composition of freshwater prawn and carps reared in cement cisterns. Indian J. Nutr. Diet.,
36(8): 384-389.

Nair, A.L. and P.V. Prabhu, 1990. Protein concentrates from tiny prawns. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. India,
32(1-2): 198-200.

Nair, C.M., K. R. Salin, M. S. Raju and M. Sebastian, 2006. Economic analysis of monosex culture
of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii De Man): a case study, Aquaculture
Research, 37, 949-954.

Nair, C.M., K. R. Salin and K. Ashok kumar, 2007. Use of Cyclop-eeze as a substitute for Artemia
nauplii in larval rearing of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man
1879). Aquaculture Nutrition 13; 88–93

Nakamura, N. and Kasahara, S., 1957. A study on the phenomenon of the Tobi-Koi or shoot carp. III.
On the result of culturing the modal group and the growth of carp fry reared individually.
Bull. Jpn. Sot. Sci. Fish., 22: 674-678 (in Japanese with English abstract). Translated in: G.W.
Wohlfarth (1977)) Bamidgeh, 29: 48-52.

Nanda, D. K. and P. K. Ghosh, 1985. The eyestalk neurosecretory system in the brackishwater prawn,. J.
Zool. Soc. India, 37(1): 25-38.

Nandlal, S., and T. Pickering, 2005. Freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii farming in
Pacific Island countries. Volume one. Hatchery operation. Noumea, New Caledonia:
Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 1-15.

Naqvi A. A., S. Adhikari, B.R Pillai and N. Sarangiet, 2007. Effect of ammonia-N on growth and
feeding of juvenile Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De-Man). Aquaculture Research, 2007, 38,
847^851

Narashima, C., K. Shakuntala and S. Ravichandra Reddy, 1988. Histology of the male reproductive
system of the prawn, Macrobrachium lanchesteri (Crustacea: Decapoda). J. Indian Inst. Sci.,
67(12): 29-42.

Natarajan, M.V., G. Chandrasearan and S. Durairaj. 1989. Introduction of River Prawn into fish
culture ponds, Fishing Chimes, 9 3: 47 – 53.

Nalluchinnappan, 1985 promising River Prawn culture in bhavanisagar. Fishing Chimes,4,11;20-22.

Naya, Y., Ohnishi, M., Ikeda, M., Miki, W. and Nakanishi, K. 1989. What is molt-inhibiting
hormone? The role of an ecdysteroidogenesis in the crustacean molting cycle. Proc. Nat.
Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86: 6826 -6829.

Nayyarahamed I., Karunasagar I. & Karunasagar I. 1995. Microbiology of cultured shrimps in India.
FAO Fisheries Report 514 supplement, pp.13^22. FAO, Rome, Italy.
Neelakantan, B., A. S. Rafiuddin, N. R. R. Menon and N. Kusuma, 1988. Importance of live feed
organisms in prawn hatcheries: a review. J. Indian Fish. Assoc., 18: 47-67.

Negishi S, Hasegawa Y, Nakajima Y , 2001. Novel structures in secreting the androgenic gland
hormone. Zool Sci 18: 1237– 1243

Nelson, S.G., D.A. Armstrong, A.W. Knight and H.W. Li, 1977. The effects of temperature and
salinity on the metabolic rate of juvenile Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology., 56(4): 533-537

Nelson, S. G, A. W. Knight and H. W. Li, 1997a. The metabolic cost of food utilization and ammonia
production by juvenile Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Crustacea: Palaemonidae). Comp. Biochem.
Physiol. A., 57(1): 67-72.
Nelson, S. G., H. W. Li and A. W. Knight, 1997b. Calorie, carbon and nitrogen metabolism of juvenile
Macrobrachium rosenbergii with regard to trophic position.Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 58(3):
319-327.

New M.B. 2000. History and Global status of freshwater prawn farming. In: Freshwater Prawn
Culture:The Farming of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (ed. by M.B. New & W.C.Valenti),
pp.1^11. Blackwell, Malden, MA, USA.

New, M.B., 2000b. Commercial freshwater prawn farming around the world. In New, M.B., Valenti,
W.C. (eds.), Freshwater prawn culture: the farming of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Oxford,
England, Blackwell Science, pp. 290–325.

New, M. B., 2002. Farming freshwater prawns. A manual for the culture of the giant river prawn
Macrobrachium rosenbergii. FAO Publ., 428 pp.

New, M.B., 2005. Freshwater prawn farming, global status, recent research and a glance at the future.
Aquaculture Research 36, 210–230.

New, M. B. and S. Singholka, 1985. Freshwater prawn farming: a manual for the culture of
Macrobrachium rosenbergii. FAO Fish. Techn. Paper, 223(8): 1-116.

New, M. B. and W. C. Valenti, 2000. Freshwater Prawn Culture–The Farming of Macrobrachium


rosenbergii. Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, London

New, M. B., S. Singholka and M.N.Kutty, 2000. Prawn capture fisheries and enhancement. In:
Freshwater Prawn Culture: The Farming of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (ed. by M.B. New &
W.C. Valenti), pp. 411-428. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.

New, M. B., 1976. A review of dietary studies with shrimp and prawns. Aquaculture, 9: 101-144.

New, M. B., 1990. Freshwater prawn culture: a review. Aquaculture, 88: 99-143.

Nhan., D.T., M. Wille, L.T.Hung, P. Sorgeloos 2009. Comparison of reproductive performance and
offspring quality of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) broodstock from
different regions. Aquaculture 298, 36–42
Nhan, D.T., 2009. Optimization of hatchery protocols for Macrobrachium rosenbergii culture in
Vietnam. PhD thesis, Ghent University, Belgium, pp. 265.

Nhan, D.T., M. Wille, Le T.Hung , P.Sorgeloosa, 2010. Effects of larval stocking density and feeding
regime on larval rearing of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Aquaculture
300, 80–86.

Niimo and Blackman, 1972 Niimmo DR and Blackman, RR.,1972. Effects of DDT on cation in the
hepatopancreas of penaeid shrimp. Trans. Am Fish Soc 101 (3): 547 – 549.

Nikoskelainen S, Ouwehand A, Bylund G, Salminen S and Lilius EM (2003) Immune enhancement


in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by potential probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus
rhamnosus). Fish Shellfi sh Immunol 15: 443–452

Nikoskelainen S, Ouwehand A, Salminen S and Bylund G (2001) Protection of rainbow trout


(Oncorhynchus mykiss) from furunculosis by Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Aquaculture
198:229–236

Niu C., Lee D., Goshima S. & Nakao S. (2003) Effects of temperature on food consumption, growth
and oxygen consumption of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man 1879)
postlarvae. Aquaculture Research 34, 501^506.

Noh, S.H., Han, K., Won, T.H., Choi, Y.J., 1994. Effect of antibiotics, enzyme, yeast culture and
probiotics on the growth performance of Israeli carp. Korean J. Anim. Sci. 36, 480–486.

Nunes, A.J.P., and G.J. Parsons, 2000. Effects of the southern brown shrimp, Penaeus subtilis.
Predation and artificial feeding on the populationdynamics of benthic polychaets in tropical
pond enclosures. Aquaculture, 183, 125 –147.
Oanh, D. T. H., T. T. Tuyet Hoa and N. T. Phuong, 2000. The Effects of Probiotics on Culture
Conditions of Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) Larvae, Aquaculture 254,
211–220.

Ochi H.,1986. Growth of the anemone ¢sh Amphiprion clarkia in temperate waters,with special
reference to the influence of settling time on the growth of 0-year olds. Marine Biology 92,
223-229.

Odinetz- Collart, O. and H. Rabelo, 1996. Variation in egg size of the freshwater prawn
Macrobrachium amazonicum (Decapoda, Palaemonidae). J. Crustacean Biol., 16: 684 – 688.

Oguwa, Y. and S. Kakuda, 1987. Scanning electron microscopic observation on the spermatozoa of the
kuruma prawn, Penaeus japonicus. Susan Gakkaishi, 53(6): 975-977.

Ohs, C. L., L. R. D'Abramo, R. K. Buddington, H. R. Robimette and J. M. Roethke, 1998. Evaluation of


a spray dried artificial diet for larval culture of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii
and striped bass, Morone saxatilis. Aquacult. Nutr., 4(2): 73-82.

Okaemo, A. N. and B. E. Olufemi, 1997. Fungi associated with tilapia culture ponds in Nigeria. J. Aqua.
Trop., 12(4): 267-274.
Okumura T. and Hara M. 2004. Androgenic gland cell structure and spermatogenesis during the molt
cycle and correlation to morphotypic differentiation in the giant freshwater prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Zoological Science 21,621^628.

Okpokwasilli, G. C., J. N. Ogbulie and N. P. Okpokwasili, 1998. Fungal flora of samples from Nigerian
freshwater fish culture. J. Aqua. Trop., 13(4): 269-276.

Okumura, T, 2004. Perspectives on hormonal manipulation of shrimp reproduction, JARQ 38(1), 49-
54.

Okumura, T., C. H. Han, Y. Suzuki, K. Aida and I. Hanya, 1992. Changes in hemolymph vitellogenin
and ecdysteroid levels during the reproductive and non-reproductive moltcycles in the freshwater
prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense Zool. Sci.,9(1):37-45.

Okumura T, Hara M, Hara M, Okiyama M, 1997. Possible roles of the androgenic gland in male
reproduction in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. In ―Advances in
Comparative Endocrinology Vol 1‖ Ed by S Kawashima, S Kikuyama, Monduzzi Editore,
Bologna, pp 73–77

Okuno, A., W.J. Yang, V. Jayasankar, H. Saido-Sakanaka, D.T.T. Huong, S. Jasmani, M.


Atmomarsono, T. Subramoniam, N. Tsutsui, T. Ohira, I. Kawasoe, Okuno, T.T.T. Hien, K.
Aida and M. Wilder, 2002. Dynamics of vitellogenin mRNA expression and changes in
hemolymph vitellogenin levels during ovarian maturation in the giant freshwater prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J. Exp. Zool., 293: 675-682.

Okuno A, Hasegawa Y, Ohira T, Katakura Y, Nagasawa H,1999. Characterization and cDNA cloning
of androgenic gland hormone of the terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare. Biochem
Biophy Res Com 264: 419–423

Olsen, Y. and H. Skjervold. 1991. Impact of latitude on n-3 fatty acids in wild Atlantic salmon.
Omega 3 News VI(3): 1-3.

Olsson, J.C., A. Joborn, A. Westerdahl, L. Blomberg, S. Kjelleberg and P.L.Conway, 1998.


Survival, persistence and proliferation of Vibrio anguillarum in juvenile turbot,
Scophthalmus maximus L.,intestine and faeces. J. Fish Dis., 21, 1–9.

Onions, A. H. S., D. Allsopp and H. O. W. Eggins, 1981. Smith's introduction to mycology. Edward
Arnold publ., London, 398pp.

Otta, S. K., I. Karunasagar and I. Karunasagar, 1999. Bacterial flora assoicated with shrimp culture
ponds growing Penaeus monodon in India. J. Aqua. Trop., 14(4): 309-318.

Ottesen OH and Olafsen JA (2000) Effects on survival and mucous cell proliferation of Atlantic
halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus L, larvae following microflora manipulation. Aquaculture
187: 225–238.
Padma kumar, k. G., R.J. Nair and A.krishnan, 1992. Farming of giant freshwater prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) in channel gardens in lower kuttanad, kerala.. In: Silas,
E.G. (ed) Freshwater prawns kerala Agricultural University, Trissur, India. 191 -196

Palacios, E. and S. I. Racotta, 1999. Spawning frequency analysis of wild and pond reared pacific white
shrimp Penaeus vannamei broodstock under large-scale hatchery conditions. J. World Aqua.
Soc., 30: 180-191.

Palacios, E., C. R. Jaramillo and I. S. Racotta, 1999. Comparison of ovary histology between different
sized wild and pond-reared shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (=Penaeus vannamei). Invert.
Reprod. Dev., 35(3): 251-259.

Palacios, E., Ibarra, A.M., Racotta, I.S., 2000. Tissue biochemical composition in relation to multiple
spawning in wild and pond–reared Penaeus vannamei broodstock. Aquaculture 185, 353–371.

Pandit, A. K., 1999. Trophic structure of plankton community in some typical wetlands of Kashmir,
India. I: S. R. Mishra (ed.), Limnological Researh in India, Deya Publ. House, New Delhi, 190-
229.

Panigrahi, A., V. Kiron, J. Puangkaew, T. Kobayashi, S.Satoh, and H. Sugita. 2005. The viability of
probiotic bacteria as a factor influencing the immune response in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus
mykiss. Aquaculture 243: 241–254.

Panikkar, N.K., 1952. Possibilities of further expansion of fish and prawn culture practices in India.
Curr. Sci., 21: 29-33.

Papa L.P.,Vicentini I.B.F., Ribeiro K.,Vicentini C.A. & Pezzato L.E. 2004. Diferenciac_a_ o
morfot|、pica de machos do camara _o deaŁ gua doce Macrobrachium amazonicum a partir da
anaŁ lise do hepatopa―ncreas e do sistema reprodutor.Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences
26,463-467.

Patnaik, S., S. Ayyappan, P. K. Saha, S. Jena and K. M. Das, 1988. Plankton dynamics in freshwater
nursery, rearing and stocking ponds. In: M. Mohan Joseph (ed.), Proc. First Indian Fish. Forum,
AFS, Mangalore, India, 17-20.

Parwardhan, S.S., 1937. Palaeomon (the Indian River Prawn). Indian Zoological Memories on Indian
Animal Types, 6: 1-100pp.

Paul, L. 2004. Development of a suitable diet using locally available feed ingredients for monoculture
of giant fresh water prawn M. rosenbergii in ponds. Master‘s thesis, Department of
Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Paulraj, R., 1999. Eco-friendly feed and management system for sustainable shrimp culture. Fish. World,
13-17.

Paulraj, A., 2002. Studies on some culture aspects of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium
rosenbergii (de Man), ph.D thesis, University of Madras, pg. 1 -184.
Payen, G.J.P., Costlow, Jr. and Charmiaux- cotton, H. 1971. Comparative study of the ultrastrucrure
of the androgenic glands of normal crabs and crabs undergoing bilateral eyestalk removal
during larval file or after puberty in the especies Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould) and
Callinectes sapious (Rathbun), Gen.Com. Endocrinol., 17(3), 526-542.

Peebles J.B., 1978. Moulting and mortality in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Proceedings of theWorld
Mariculture Society 9, 39-46.

Peebles J.B., 1979. The role of prior residence and relative size in competition for shelter by the
Malaysian prawn Macrobrachiumrosenbergii. Fishery Bulletin 76,173-180.

Peebles J.B., 1980. Competition and habitat partitioning by the giant freshwater prawn
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae). Crustaceana 38, 49-54.

Peixoto, S., R. Soares, W. Wasielesky, R. O. Cavalli and L. Jensen, 2004. Morphometric relationship
of weight and length of cultured Farfantepenaeus paulensis during nursery, grow out, and
broodstock production phases. Aquaculture, 242: 292-299

Pennak, R. W., 1978. Freshwater invertebrates of the United States. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New
York, 350-387.

Perez, C.E., Diaz, H.F. and Luna, F.J. 1995. Effect of unilateral eyestalk ablation and photoperiod on
energy budget of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Crustacea: Palaemonidae) Rivista Italiana di
Acquacoitura, 30: 87 - 91.

Phatarpekar, P.V., V.D. Kenkre, R.A. Sreepada, U.M. Desai and C.T. Achuthankutty, 2002. Bacterial
flora associated with larval rearing of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii
, Aquaculture, 203, 279 – 291.

Phoungpetcharaa, I., Y. Tinikula, J. Poljaroena, C. Chotwiwatthanakuna, R. Vanichviriyakita, M.


Sroyrayaa, P. J. Hannaa, P. Sobhona, 2011. Cells producing insulin-like androgenic gland
hormone of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, proliferate following
bilateral eyestalk-ablation . Tissue and Cell, 43, 165–177

Phuong, N.T., TTT. Hien, TN. Hai, P.T. Liem, NLH. Yen, HV. Viet, TV. Bui and BTB. Hang,
2002. Studies to complete the technical package of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium
rosenbergii) seed production using the modified stagnant green water system. Report
submitted to the SUFA project, Hanoi. 2002 (in Vietnamese).

Pierce B.A. & Laws E.A. (1982) Applications of a new radiotracer method for investigating prawn
(Macrobrachium rosenbergii) ecology and digestive physiology. Journal of the
WorldMariculture Society13, 28-40.

Pillay, K.K. and N.B. Nair, 1973. Observation on the biochemical changes in the gonads and other
organs of Uca annulipes, Portunus pelagicus and Metapenaes affinis during reproductive
cycles. M ar. Biol., 18: 167-198.

Pillai RS 1960 Studies on the shrimp Coridina laevis (Heller). 1. The digestive system. J Mar Biol
Assoc India 2: 57 - 74.
Pinn, E.H, Atkincon, RYA., Rogerson, A., 1998. The diet of two mudshrimps, Calocaris macandreae
and Upogepia stellata (Crustacea: Decapoda, thalassinidae). Ophelia 48 : 211 -223.

Pochon-Masson, J., 1983 Arthropods - Crustacea In: Reproductive biology of Invertebrates-II.


Spermatogenesis and sperm function. In: K. G. Adiyodi and R. G. Adiyodi. (eds.), John Wiley
and Sons, New York, 407-449.

Pollman, D.S., D.M. Danielson and E.R. Peo, 1980. Effect of microbial food additives on
performance of starter and growing – finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci., 51, 577 – 581.

Ponce-Palafox, J., Martinez-Palacios, C.A., Ross, L.G., 1997. The effects of salinity and temperature
on the growth and survival rates of juvenile white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, Boone, 1931.
Aquaculture 157, 107–115.

Pote, J. W., T. P. Cathcart and P. N. Deliman, 1990. Control of high pH in aquacultural ponds. Aqua.
Engg., 9: 175-186.

Prabhu NM, Nazar AR, Rajagopal S & Khan SA 1999. Use of probiotics in water quality
management during shrimp culture. J Aqua Trop 14: 227–236.

Prakash, C., P. S. R. K. Sinha and A. K. Reddy, 1990. Economic viability of aquaculture in sewage. J.
Environ. Biol., 11(1): 7-14.

Preston, N.P., F.E. Coman and V.M. Fry, 2003. Shrimp pond Zooplankton dynamics and efficiency
of sampling effort. Aquaculture Research, 34, 373 – 381.

Preto, B.L., Janaina M. Kimpara, Patricia Moraes-Valenti, Wagner C. Valenti, 2010. Population
structure of pond-raised Macrobrachium amazonicum with different stocking and harvesting
strategies, Aquaculture 307 206–211

Prieur, G., JL. Nicolas, A.Plusquellec and M. Vigneulle, 1990. Interactions between bivalves
molluscs and bacteria in the marine environment. Oceanogr Mar Biol Annu Rev 28: 227–352

Primavera, J.H., F.D. Parada – Estepa, J.L. Lebata, 1998. Morphometric relationship of length and
weight of giant tiger prawn Penaeus monodon according to life stage, sex and source.
Aquaculture, 164, 67 – 75.

Qi, Z., Xiao-Hua Zhang, Nico Boon and Peter Bossier, 2009. Probiotics in aquaculture of China —
Current state, problems and prospect, Aquaculture, 290, 15–21.

Quareshi, T. A., G. P. Dubey, K. K. Tiwari, S. M. Basha, S. Chakraborty, I. C. Borana, I. T., Singh, R.


Tiwari and R. Chauhan, 2000. Observation on the growth, survival and production of
Macrobrachium rosenbergii at Bhopal, Madhya pradesh. In: S. Paulraj (ed.), Aquaculture for
2000 AD, Publ. Palani Paramount, India, 123-128.

Queiroz, JF. and CE. Boyd, 1998. Effects of a bacterial inoculums in channel catfish ponds. J World
Aquacult Soc 29: 67–73
Querijero, B. V. L., S. Teshima, S. Koshio, M. Ishikawa and M. Ikenoul, 1997. Utilization of dietary
stearic acid (18:0) and carbohydrates by freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii
juveniles. Fish. Sci., 63(6): 971-976.

Querijero, B.V.L., S. Teshima, S. Koshio and M. Ishikawa, 1997. Utilization of monounsaturated


fatty acid (18:1n–9, oleic acid) by freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)
juveniles. Aquatic Nutritional ChemistryAquaculture Nutrition, 3; 127–139

Quinn, J. P., 1984. Seasonal occurrence of yeast and other fungi in a fresh water lake. Trans. Amer.
Mycol. Soc., 83: 53-55.

Ra‘anan Z. 1982. The ontogeny of social structure in the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium
rosenbergii. PhD thesis, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel,101pp.

Ra‘anan Z. 1983. The effect of size ranking on the moulting cycle of juvenile stages of the freshwater
prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) when reared individually and in pairs
(Decapoda, Caridea). Crustaceana 45,131- 138.

Ra‘anan, Z. and Cohen, D. 1983. Production of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii,
Israel. II. Selective stocking of size sub population. Aquaculture. 31, 369 – 379.

Ra‘anan Z. & Cohen D. 1984. The e¡ect of group interactions on the development of size distribution
in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (deMan) juvenile populations. Biological Bulletin166,22^31.

Ra'anan, Z. and D. Cohen, 1984. Characterization of size distribution development in the freshwater
prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) juvenile popualtions. Crustaceana ,46(3): 271-
281.

Ra‘anan, Z. and D. Cohen, 1985. The ontogeny of social structure in the freshwater prawn
Macrobrachium rosenbergii. In : Crustaceans Issues 2: Crustacean Growth,(Ed. A. Wenner
and F.R. Schram), pp. 277-311. A.A. Balkema Publ., Rotterdam, Netherland.

Ra‘anan Z, Sagi A, 1985. Alternative mating strategies in male morphotypes of the freshwater prawn
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). Biol Bull 169: 592–601

Ra'anan, Z., G. Issar, A. Freri and R. Rodriguez, 1990. Effect of winter on growth of the prawn
Macrobrachium rosenbergii in a commercial farm in the tropics. Israeli J. Aqua., 42(1): 22-30

Ra‘anan, Z., Sagi, A., Wax, Y., Karplus, I., Hulata, G., Kuris, A.M., 1991. Growth, size, rank and
maturation of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii; analysis of marked prawns in
experimental population. Biological Bull. 181, 379-386.

Radhakrishnan, N., 1979. Studies on portunid crabs of porto Novo. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura
). Ph.D. Thesis, Annamalai University, pp: 123.

Ragunathan, M. B., 1989. Indian cladoceran (crustacea). India Rev. Life Sci., 9: 137-152.

Rahman, M.M., M. Verdegem, L. Nagelkerke, M.A. Wahab, A. Milstein and J. Verreth, 2008.
Effects of common carp Cyprinus carpio (L.) and feed addition in rohu Labeo rohita
(Hamilton) ponds on nutrient partitioning among fish, plankton and benthos. Aquaculture
Research, 39, 85 – 95.

Raja, P.C. and V.P. Joshi, 1992. Multilocational grow-out trials of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in
Western Maharashtra. In: Silas, E.G. (ed) Freshwater prawns kerala Agricultural University,
Trissur, India. 180 -182.

Rajyalakshmi, T., A. N. Mohanty, P. Ravichandran and S. M. Pillai, 1988. The soil and water
characteristics of confined brackish-water ponds of Chilka lake fringe area. In: M. M. Joseph
(ed.), Proc. First Indian Fish. Forum, AFS, Mangalore, India, 125-128.

Rajyalakshmi, T., 1961. Studies on maturation and breeding in some estuarine palaemonid prawns.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, 27(4): 179-188.

Ramachandran, S., T. Ravisankar and I. R. Pramila Devi. 1998. Techniques of measurement of


parameters of significance in aquaculture. In: R. Ganapathi and Kandan (eds.), Environmental
impact assessment of aquaculture enterprises. Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Aquaculture Publ.,
Chennai, 13-18.

Ramakrishna, 2010, Production – Impactful Biological characters of Scampi (Macrobrachium


rosenbergii) (With explanatory farmer‘s guide – concept diagrams). Fishing Chimes, Vol.30,
No. 1, 24 – 30.

Raman, K., 1967. Observations on the fishery and biology of the giant freshwater prawn
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). Proc. Symp. Crustacea. Mar. Biol. Assoc. India, 2:
649 – 669.
Raman, k. 1992. Macrobrachium culture problems and solution. Proc. Nat. Symp. on Freshwater
prawns (Macrobrachium spp.) held at kochi during December 12 – 14, 1990 ; 171 -175.

Raman, K.V., Shakuntala, K. and Ravichandra, S. (1981). Influence of androgennous factors in the
pattern of ammonia excretion in the prawn Macrobrachium lanchesteri (de Man). Indian. J.
Exp. Bio., 19: 42 – 45.

Ramesha, T. J., S. Benakappa and N. Vinaykumar, 1999. Accent on water quality in aquaculture.
Fishing Chimes, 19(5): 26-27.

Ranjeet, K. and B.M. Kurup, 1999. Effect of hatching order on growth and metamorphosis of larvae
of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (deMan.) Paper presented at the national symposium on
sustainable development of fisheries towards 2020 AD – opportunities and challenges, Kochi,
India, November, 23-25.

Ranjeet, K. and B.M. Kurup, 2000. Effect of hatching intensity on growth and metamorphosis of
larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (deMan.) Paper presented at the national workshop on
freshwater prawn farming, Nellore, India, February, 8 – 9.

Ranjeet, K. and B.M. Kurup, 2001. Primary Intrinsic factors governing the heterogenous individual
growth in male morphotypes of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Paper presented at the
international conference on fisheries, aquaculture and environment in the NW Indian ocean,
sultan qaboos university, sultanate of oman, January, 8 – 10.
Ranjeet K. and Kurup B.M. 2002. Heterogeneous individual growth of Macrobrachium rosenbergii
male morphophytes. NagaThe ICLARM Quarterly 25,13^18.

Rao, R. M., 1965. Breeding behaviour in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Fish. Technol., 2(1): 19-25.

Rao, R. M., 1967. Studies on the biology of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) of the Hoogly estuary
with notes on its fishery. Proc. Natl. Acad.. Sci., India, 33: 252-279.

Rao, K. J., 1986a. Studies on maturation, breeding, fecundity and sex ratio in Macrobrachium
malcolmsonii (H. Milne Edwards) from Kolleru Lake. J. Aqua. Biol., 4 (1&2): 62-72.

Rao, K. J., 1986b. Studies on the seasonal and dial variations in some physico-chemical conditions of a
freshwater pond under prawn culture. Proc. Natl. Symp. Fish. Environ., 96-102.

Rao, K. J., 1991a. Breeding and larval rearing of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium malcolmsonii
(H. Milne Edwards). J. Aqua. Trop., 6: 99-106.

Rao, K. J., 1991b. Reproductive biology of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de
Man) from lake Kolleru (Andhra Pradesh). Indian J. Anim. Sci., 61(7): 780-787.

Rao, K. J., 1992. Growth and conversion in the juveniles of Macrobrachium rosenbergii with a variety
of diets. J. Zool. Res. 5(1&2):

Rao, K. J., 1994. Larviculture of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii under water
recycling system. In: S. Ayyappan, B. S. Giri, M. Ranudhir and S. D. Tripath (eds.), Proc. Natl.
Sem. Freshwat. Aqua., Bhubaneswar, India, 23-25.

Rao, K. J., 1998. Emerging technology on the seed production of M. rosenbergii. In: P. C. Thomas (ed.),
Current and Emerging Trends in Aquaculture, Daya Publ. House, New Delhi, 164-169.

Rao, K. J. and S. D. Tripathi, 1993. A manual on giant freshwater prawn hatchery. CIFA, Bubaneswar,
India. 50 pp.

Rao, V. and R. Vasant, 2000. Micro fungi diversity and distribution in polluted and non-polluted waters
bodies from an industrial area (Patancheru) in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. J. Aqua. Biol.,
15(1&2): 112-114.

Ravi Kumar, R. and K. Gopal Rao, 1989. Effect of chicken manure on plankton and fish yield. Proc.
Natl. Sem. Freshwat. Aqua., 42-44.

Ravishankar, A. N. and P. Keshavanath, 1988. Utilization of artificial feeds by Macrobrachium


rosenbergii (de Man). Indian J. Anim. Sci., 58(7): 876-881.

Read, G. H. L. 1981. The response of Penaeus indicus (Crustacea: Penaeidea) to purified and
compounded diets of varying fatty acid composition. Aquaculture, 24:245–256.
Reaka M.L., 1976. Lunar and tidal periodicity of moulting and reproduction in stomatopod
crustacea: a selfish herd hypothesis. Biological Bulletin150, 468^490.
Reddy, A. K., C. Prakash and N. K. Thakur, 1998. Principal environmental impact assesment (EIA)
method and process. In: R. Ganapathi and Kandan (eds.), Environmental Impact Assessment to
Aquacuture Enterprise, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Aquaculture Publ., Chennai, India, 10-12.

Reed, L. and L. R. D'Abramo, 1989. A standard reference diet for crustacean nutrition research. 3:
Effects on weight gain and aminoacid composition of whole body and tail, muscle of juvenile
prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J. World Aquacult. Soc., 23(3): 107-113.

Reigh, R.C., and R.R. Stickney, 1989. Effects of purified dietary fatty acids on the fatty acid
composition of freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture, 77: 157–174.

Rengpipat, S., Tunyanun, A., Fast, A.W., Piyatiratitivorakul, S., Menasveta, P., 2003. Enhanced
growth and resistance to Vibrio challenge in pond–reared black tiger shrimp Penaeus
monodon fed a Bacillus probiotic. Disease of Aquatic Organism 55, 169–173.

Rengpipat, S., W. Phianphak, S. Piyatiratitivorakul and P. Menasveta, 1998. Effects of a probiotic


bacterium on black tiger shrimp Peneaus monodon, survival and growth. Aquaculture
167:301–313.

Rengpipat, S., Rukpratanporn, S., Piyatiratitivorakul, S., Menasaveta, P., 2000. Immunity
enhancement in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) by a probiont bacterium (Bacillus
S11). Aquaculture 191, 271–288

Rheinheimer, G., 1985. Aquatic microbiology. 3rd edn., John Wiley Sons, Ltd., 256 pp.

Rhodes, R. J. 2000. Economics and business management. Paees 369-392 in M. B. New and W. C.
Valenti, editors. Freshwater prawn culture: the farming of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Blackwell Science, Oxford, U.K.

Rico-Mora, R., Voltolina, D., Villaescusa-Celaya, J.A., 1998. Biological control of Vibrio
alginolyticus in Skeletonema costatum (Bacillariophyceae) cultures. Aquacultural
Engineering 19, 1–6.

Ringo. E, and G.J. Gatesoupe, 1998. Lactic acid bacteria in fish: a review. Aquaculture 160: 177–203

Ringo, E., E. Strom and J. Tabacheck, 1995. Intestinal microflora of salmonids: a review. Aquacult
Res 26:773–789

Robertson P.A.W., O‘Dowd C., Burrells C., Williams P. and Austin B. (2000) Use of
Carnobacterium sp. as a probiotic for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and rainbow trout
(Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Aquaculture 185, 235–243

Roe, J.H., 1955. The determination of sugar in blood and spinal fluid with anthrone reagent. J. Biol.
Chem., 153: 378-380.

Roustaian P., M.S.Kamarudin, H. Omar, C.R. Saad and M.H. Ahmad 1999. Changes in fatty acid
profile during larval development of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aqua.
Res., 30: 815-824.
Roustaian P., M.S.Kamarudin, H. Omar, C.R. Saad and M.H. Ahmad (2000) Amino acid composition
of developing larval freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J. World Aqua. Soc., 31:
130-136.

Roustaian P., M.S.Kamarudin, H. Omar, C.R. Saad and M.H. Ahmad (2001a) Biochemical changes
in freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii during larval development. Journal of the
World Aquaculture society, 32(1), 53 – 67.

Roustaian P., M.S.Kamarudin, H. Omar, C.R. Saad and M.H. Ahmad (2001b) The effect of dietary
lipid sources on the Macrobrachium rosenbergii larval performance, post larval production
and fatty acid composition. Journal of Aquaculture in theTropics16, 251-263.

Roustaian P., Kamaruddin M.S., Omar H.B., Saad C.R. & Ahmad M.H. (2000) Amino acid
composition of developing larval freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Journal of
theWorld Aquaculture Society 31,130^136.

Roustaian, P. and L A Gaik, 2006. Effect of thyroxine immersion on larval survival, growth and
postlarvae production of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). ;
Aquaculture Research, 37, 1378^1380
Rodriguez, A., L. LeVay, G. Mourente, and D. A. Jones. 1994. Biochemical composition and
digestive enzyme activity in larvae and postlarvae of Penueus japonic-us during herbivorous
and carnivorous feeding. Marine Biology 118:45-5 I .

Rungsin, W., N. Paankhao , U. Na-Nakorn, 2006.Production of all-male stock by neofemale


technology of the Thai strain of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Aquaculture
259 (2006) 88–94

Ruppert, E.E., Fox, R.S., Barnes, R.D., 2004. Invertebrate Zoology, seventh edition. Brooks/Cole, A
Division of Thomson Learning, Inc., Belmonth.

Saad, A. S., M. M. Habashy and K.M. Sharshar, 2009. Growth Response of the Freshwater Prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man), to Diets Having Different Levels of Biogen®, World
Applied Sciences Journal 6 (4): 550-556, 2009

Sadek, S and F.M.H.E. Gayar, 1995. Biological characteristics and economic analysis of the giant
freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii reared in brackishwater earthen ponds
(Egypt). J. Aqua. Trop., 10: 99 – 108.

Sadek, S. and J. Moreau, 1996. Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) culture in earthen ponds in the Nile
delta, Egypt: culture parameters and cost benefits. Israeli J. Aquacult., 48(4): 201-218.'

Sadek, S. and J. Moreau, 1998. Culture of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in monoculture and polyculture
with Oreochromis niloticus in paddies in Egypt. Israeli J. Aqua., 50(1): 33-42.

Sadek, S. and J. Moreau, 2000. Performance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Penaeus semisulcatus
under mono and mixed culture systems and their suitability for polyculture with florida red
tilapia, in Egypt. J. Aqua. Trop., 15(2): 97-107.
Safiullah, A., 2001. Biochemical and nutritional evaluation and culture of freshwater live food
organisms for aquahatcheries. Ph.D thesis, Univ. Madras, 103 pp.

Sagi A. and A£alo E.D. 2005. The androgenic gland and monosex culture of Macrobrachium
rosenbergii (De Man): a biotechnological perspective. Aquaculture Research 36, 231^237.

Sagi and Cohen, 1990 Sagi, A. and D. Cohen, 1990. Growth, maturation and progency of sex-reversed
Marcobrachium rosenbergii males. World Aquacult., 21(4): 87-90.

Sagi A, Khalaila I (2001) The crustacean androgen: a hormone in an isopod and androgenic activity
in decapods. Amer Zool 41:477–484

Sagi, A and Ra‘anan, 1988. Morphotypic differentiation of male of the freshwater prawn
Macrobrachium rosenbergii : changes in the midgut glands and the reproductive system.. J.
Crustacean Biol., 8, 43 – 47.

Sagi, A. and Z. Ra'anan, 1985. Rapid identification of reproductive state and the receptive period of
females in pond population of Macrobrachium rosenbergii: a new technique. Aquaculture, 48:
361-367.

Sagi A, Cohen D, Milner Y ,1990. Effect of androgenic gland ablation on morphotypic differentiation
and sexual characteristics of male freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Gen
Comp Endocrinol 77: 15–22

Sagi A, Milner Y, Cohen D, 1988. Spermatogenesis and sperm storage in the testes of the
behaviorally distinctive male morphotypes of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Decapoda,
Palaemonidae). Biol Bull 174: 330–336

Sagi, A., Snir, E., Khalaila, I., 1997. Sexual differentiation in decapod crustaceans role of the
androgenic gland. Invert. Reprod. Dev. 31(1-3), 55-61.

Sagi A., Ra‘anan Z., Cohen D. and WaxY. 1986. Production of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in
monosex population: yield characteristics under intensive monoculture conditions in cages.
Aquaculture 51, 265^275.

Sagi, A., L. Karp, Y. Milner, D. Cohen, A. M. Kuris and E. S. Chang, 1991. Testicular thymidine
incorporation in the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii: molt cycle variation and ecdysteroid
effects in vitro. J. Exp. Zool., 259(2): 229-237.

Sagi, A., J. Silkovsky, S. F. Berkovich, A. Danon and R. Chayoth, 1995. Prostaglandin E2 in


previtellogenic overies of the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii: syntheis and effect on the level
of cAMP. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 100: 308-318.
Sagi A. 1988. The androgenic gland in crustacea ^with emphasis on the cultured freshwater Prawn
Macrobrachium rosenbergii: a review. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture -Bamidgeh 40: 9-16.

Sahu, M.K., N. S. Swarnakumar, K. Sivakumar, T. Thangaradjou and L. Kannan, 2008. Probiotics in


aquaculture: importance and future perspectives. Indian J. Microbiol. 48:299–308.
Sahul Hameed, A.S., K.H. Rahaman, A. Alagan and K. Yoganandhan, 2003. Antibiotic resistance in
bacteria isolated from hatchery-reared larvae and post-larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii ,
Aquaculture, 217, 39 – 48.

Sakai M, Yoshida T, Astuta S and Kobayashi M, 1995. Enhancement of resistance to vibriosis in


rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) by oral administration of Clostridium
butyricum bacteria. J Fish Dis 18:187–190

Sakata, T., 1990. Microfl ora in the digestive tract of fish and shell-fish. In: Microbiology in
Poecilotherms (Lesel R ed.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 171–176

Sambhu, C. and V. Jayaprakas, 1994. Effect of hormones on growth, Food conversion and proximate
composition of the white prawn, Penaeus indicus (Milne Edwards). Indian J. Mar. Sci., 23:
232-235.‘

Sampaio. C. M. S. and W. C. Valenti, 1996. Growth curves for Macrobrachium rosenbergii in semi-
intensive culture in Brazil. J. World Aquacult. Soc., 27(3): 353-358.

Sandifer PA, and Joseph JD. 1976. Growth responses and fatty acid composition of juvenile prawns
(Macrobrachium rosenbergii) fed a prepared ration augmented with shrimp head oil.
Aquaculture, 8: 129–138.

Sandifer, P. A. and T. I. J. Smith, 1976. Experimental aquaculture of the Malaysian prawn,


Macrobrachium rosenbergii in South Carolina, USA. In: T. V. R. Pillay and W. A. Bill (eds).
Advances in Aquaculture, FAO Techn. Conf. Aqua. Kyoto, Japan, 26 May - 2 June 1976, 306-
311.

Sandifer and Smith 1977.Preliminary observations on a short-claw growth form of the Malaysian
giant prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man), Proceedings of the National Shell Fisheries
Association, 67: 123 – 124.

Sandifer, P. A. and T. I. J. Smith. 1977. Intensive rearing of postlarval Malaysian prawns


(Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in a closed cycle nursery system. Proceedings of the World
Mariculture Society 8:225–235.

Sandifer, P. A., T. I. J. Smith, 1979. A method for artificial insemination of Macrobrachium prawns and
its potential use in inheritance and hybridization studies. Proc. Tenth Annual Meeting, WAS,
Honolulu, Hawaii, 403-418.

Sandifer, P. A., T. I. J. Smith and L. L. Bauer, 1982. Economic comparisons of stocking and marketing
strategies for aquaculture of prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) in South Carolina,
USA. Proc. Symp. Coast. Aquacult., Cochin, India, 12th-18th Jan. 1980, 88-97.

Sansawat, A. and M.Thirabunyanon, 2009. Anti-Aeromonas hydrophila activity and characterization


of novel probiotic strains of Bacillus subtilis isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of giant
freshwater prawns. Maejo Int. J. Sci. Technol. 09, 3(01), 77-87.

Santhanam, R., P. Velayutham and G. Jegathesan, 1989. A manual of freshwater ecology. Daya Publ.
House, New delhi, 169 pp.
Santos, A. M. Angelica and P. R. L. De lastro, 1981 Morphological and cytochemical observations of
neurosecretory neurons in the supraesophageal ganglion of Macrobrachium acanthurus
(Crustacea Decapoda, Palaemonidae). Rev. Bros. Bull., 41: 69.

Sarangi, N., R. Soundarajan, R. Nagesh and I. Singh, 1998, Culture of freshwater giant prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii in rainded ponds in Andamans. J. Andaman Sci. Assoc., 14(1): 41-
45.

Saurabh, S., AK. Choudhary and GS. Sushma, 2005. Concept of probiotics in aquaculture. Fishing
Chimes 25 (4):19–22

Saxelin, M., S. Tynkkynen, T. Mattila-Sandholm, and W. M. de Vos. 2005. Probiotic and other
functional microbes: from markets to mechanisms. Current Opinion in Biotechnology
16:204–211.

SaxenaV. ,2003. Scientific guidelines for farmers engaged in freshwater prawn farming in India.
AquacultureAsia VII, 17^18.
Saxena, A. K., 1996. Life of Crustaceans. Anmol Publ. New Delhi. 1-378.

Schmalbach A.E., Harpaz S., Kahan D., Galun R. & Frankenberg E. (1984) Periodic cheliped
autotomy in the males of the Malaysian prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Naturwissenschaften, 71,325^326.

Schoffeniels, E., and R. Gilles, 1970. Osmoregulation in aquatic arthropods in: Florkin M. Scheer
B.T. (Eds) Chemical Zoology: Arthropods Vol.5, pf. A. Academic press, Newyork. Pp. 255 –
282.

Schwantes, V.S., J. S. Diana and Y. Yi, 2009. Social, economic, and production characteristics of
giant river prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii culture in Thailand Aquaculture 287 (2009)
120–127.

Segal E. & RoeA. 1975. Growth and behaviour of post-juvenile Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de
Man) in close confinement. Proceedings of the World Mariculture Society 6, 67-88.

ShangY.C. , 1990. Aquaculture economic analysis: an introduction. In: Advances inWorld


Aquaculture, Vol. 2 (ed. By P.A. Sandifer), 211pp.World Aquaculture Society, Louisiana
State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.

Shang, Y. C. and T. Fujimura. 1977. The production economics of freshwater prawn


(Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farming in Hawaii. Aquaculture 1 1 : 99- I 10.

Shariff, M., F.M. Yusoff, T.N. Devaraja and S.P. srinivasa Rao, 2001. The effectiveness of a
commercial microbial product in poorly prepared tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fabricius),
ponds. Aquaculture Research, 32: 181-187.

Sharma, B. K. and R. G. Michael, 1987. Review of taxonomic studies on freshwater cladocera from
India with remarks on biogeography. Hydrobiologia, 145: 29-33.
Sharma and Reddy (1996); Sharma, M. and A. K.Reddy. 1996. Intensive culture of freshwater prawn
Macrobrachium rosenbergii in cement tanks. Fisheries Chimes, 16: 25–26.

Sharma, O. P. and V. P. Saini, 1991. Rotifer (microzooplankton) production through NPK fertilization.
Indian J. Fish., 38(4): 242-244.

Sharma. R. and T. P. Scheeno, 1999. Aquaculture wastes and its management. Fish. World, 22-24.

Sharma, O. P., V. K. Rajbanshi and L. L. Sharma, 1990. NPK fertilization: production of fish food
organisms in relation to water characteristics. In: R. Hirano and I. Hanyu (eds.), Second Asian
Fish. Forum, AFS, Manila Philippines, 185-188.

Sharma, B. K., 1979. Rotifers from West Bengal. Hydrobiologia, 65: 39-47.

Sheen, S. S. and L. R. D'Abramo, 1991. Response of juvenile freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium


rosenbergii to different levels of cod liver oil/corn oil mixture in Semi-purified diet.
Aquaculture, 93: 121-134.

Shelby, R.A., C.E. Lim, M. Aksoy and M.A. Delaney, 2006. Effects of probiotic feed supplements on
disease resistance and immune response of young Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Journal
of Applied Aquaculture, 18: 23-34.

Shen and Wang, 1990 Shen, T and J.Y. Wang, 1990. Biochemistry. (M). Higher Education
Publisher, pp. 67-86.

Sherief, S. S., 1988. Histochemical study of the secretion of the male reproductive system of Portunus
pelagicus. Folio Morphol., 36(1): 95-106.

Shewan, J. W., G. Hobbs and A. Hodfkings, 1960. A determinative scheme for the identification of
certain genera of gram negative bacteria with special reference to the Pseudomonadaceae. J.
Appl. Bacteriol., 23: 379-390.

Siddiqui, M.A. L., M. A. Hossain, and M.A.H. Miaije, 1999. polyculture of giant freshwater prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii with the Inian major carps in ponds with supplemental food.
Bangladesh J. of Fisheries., 22: 67 – 74.

Siddiqui, A.Q., Y.S. Al Hafedh, A.H. Al Harbi and S.A. Ali, 1997. Effects of stocking density and
monosex culture of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii on growth and production
in concrete tanks in Saudi Arabia. J. World Aquacul. Soc., 28(1): 106-112.

Siddiqui, A. Q., H.M. Al Hindy and S.A. Ali, 1996. Evaluation of the production potential of
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) in monoculture and in poly culture with Nile tilapia
and common carp in Saudi Arabia. Aqua. Res., 27: 515-521.
Sierra and Diaz 1999 Sierra, E.and Diaz, F., 1999. Dynamic bioenergetics of postlarvae and
juveniles of Macrobrachium rosenbergii caused by unilateral Eyestalk Ablation. J.Aqua.
Trop. 14(2), 113 – 119.

Simudu. V and K. Aiso., 1962. Occurrence and distribution of heterotrophic bacteria in seawater from
the sea Kamogewa Bay. Bull. Jap. Sci. Fish., 28: 11-33.
Singh, A. and K. Wadhwani, 1989. On the correlation of fungal population in flowing and stagnant
aquatic habitats. J. Environ. Biol. 10(2): 149-157.

Singh, R.K., A.S. Desai, S.L. Chavan and P.A. Khandagale, 2008. Growth Performance, Survival,
and Body Composition of Post Larvae of the Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
Fed Graded L-Carnitine Diets. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture – Bamidgeh 60(3), 161-
167.

Sithigorngul, P., N. Panchan, T.Vilaivan, W. Sithigorngul and A. Petsom, 1999. Immunochemical


analysis and immunocytochemical localization of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone from
the eyestalk of Macrobrachium rosenbergii Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B
124, 73–80

Sivakumar, K. and K. Altaff, 2001. Diversity of Freshwater Rotifers of Chennai. Convergence, 3(1-
4), 25-30

Sivakumar, K. and K. Altaff, 2004. Ecological Indices of Freshwater Copepods and Cladocerans
from Dharmapuri District, Tamilnadu. Zoo‘s print journal, 19(5), 1466-68.

Sivakumar, K. and K. Altaff, 2005. Diversity of Freshwater Zooplankton of Chennai. Poll. Res., 24,
31 – 38.

Skinner, D.M., 1985. Moulting and regeneration . In: Bliss, D.E., Mantel, L.H.(Eds.), The Biology of
Crustacea, Vol.9, Integument, Pigments and Hormonal Process, Academic Press, Orlando,
FL, pp.44-128.

Smith, P. T., 1996. Physical and chemical characteritics of sediments from prawn farms and mangroove
habitat on the Clarence river, Australia. Aquaculture, 146(1-2): 47-83.

Smith P & Davey S (1993) Evidence for the competitive exclusion of Aeromonas salmonicida from
fish with stress-inducible furunculosis by Pseudomonas fluorescens. J Fish Dis 16: 521–524.

Smith and Naylor 1972 Smith, G. and E. Naylor, 1972. The neurosecretory system of the eyestalk of
Carcinus maenas (Crustacea: Decapoda). J. Zool., 166: 313-321.

Smith, T. I. J. and P. A. Sandifer, 1982. Influence of three stocking strategies on the production of
prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii from ponds in South Carolina, USA. Proc. Symp. Coast.
Aquacult., Cochin, India, 12th-18th Jan. 1980, 1: 76-87.

Smith, T. I. J., P. A. Sandifer and W. C. Trimble, 1976. Pond cultured of the Malaysian prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) in South Carolina, 1974-1975. Proc. World Maricult.
Soc., 7: 625-645.

Smith, T.I.J., Sandifer, P.A. and Smith, M.H., 1978. Population structure of Malaysian prawns
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) reared in earthen ponds in South Carolina, 1974-1976.
Proc. World Maricult.Soc., 9: 21-38.
Smith T.I.J., Sandifer P.A. & Manzi J.J. 1979. Epibionts of pond reared adult Macrobrachium
rosenbergii (De Man) in south Carolina. Aquaculture16, 299^308.

Smith, T.I.J., Sandifer, P.A., Jenkins, W.E., Stockes, A.D. and Murray, G., 1982. Pond rearing trials
with Malaysian prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii by private growers in South Carolina,
1981. J. World Maricult. Sot., 13: 41-55.

Smoragiewicz, W., M. Bielecka, A. Babuchawowski, A. Boutard and H. Dubeau, 1993. Les


probiotiques. Can. J. Microbiol., 39, 1089–1095.

Sohn J.J. (1977) Socially induced inhibition of genetically determined maturation in the platyfish
Xiphophorus maculatus. Science195,199-201.

Son, V.N., Y. Yi and N.T. Phuong, 2005. River pen culture of giant freshwater prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) in southern Vietnam. Aquaculture Research, 2005, 36,
284^291

Sorgeloos and Leger, 1992 Sorgeloos. P. and P. Leger, 1992. Improved larviculture outputs of marine
fish, shrimp and prawns. J. World Aqua. Soc., 23: 251-254.
Soria, F., C. Sierra, S. Bouquelet, C. Brassart, C. Agundis, E. Zenteno and L. Vazues, 2006. The
effect of sugars and free amino from the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii
hemolymph on lectin activity and on oxidative burst. Comp. Biochem. Phy., 142 C: 212-219.

Soundarapandian, P. and G. Ananthan, 2008. Effect of unilateral eyestalk ablation on the biochemical
composition of commercially important juveniles of Macrobrachium malcolmsonii. Int. J.
Zool. Res., 4(2): 106-112.

Sousa LG and Petriella AM 2000 Histology of hepatopancreas of fresh water prawn Palaemonetes
argentinus (Crustacea, Cardiea ) Biocell 24(3) 189 -195.

Sousa and Petriella 2001 Changes in the hepatopancreas histology of Palaemonetes.argentinus


(Crustacea, cardiea ) during moult Biocell 25(3 ) 275 – 281.

Sousa. L and A.M. Petriella, 2006. Morphology and histology of Palaemonetes.argentinus


(Crustacea, Decapoda, Cardiea ) digestive tract. Biocell (Mendoza ) v.30 n.2 Mendoza
mayo/ago

Sousa, LG, Cuartas EI, Petriella AM, 2005. Fine structural analysis of the epithelial cells in the
hepatopancreas of Palaemonetes argentines (Crustacea, Caridea). Biocell 29 (1): 25 – 31.

Sousa, LG, 2003. Estudio sobre las modificaciones tisulares del camaron Palaemonetes argentines
(Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea). Su empleo como indicadoras contaminacion. Tesis. Facultad
de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Univ. Nac. Mar def Plata. 138 pp.

SPSS Inc.,2010. SYSTAT Version 10 (Computer Software). SPSS Inc, Chicago Illinois

Sridhar, M. and R. Paul Raj, 2003. Efficacy of gut probionts in enhancing growth in Penaeus indicus
post larvae. In: Singh, I.S.B., S.S. Pai, R. Philip and A. Mohandas, (Eds), Aquaculture
Medicine, Centre for Fish Diagnosis and Management, CUSAT, Kochi, India. P117 – 122.
Sriket,P., Soottawat Benjakul, Wonnop Visessanguan, Kongkarn Kijroongrojana, 2007. Comparative
studies on chemical composition and thermal properties of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus
monodon) and white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) meats. Food Chemistry 103 1199–1207

Sriraman, K., 1978. Biological and biochemical studies on the prawns of portonova coast (Crustacea:
Decapoda:Macrura). Ph.D. Thesis, Annamalai University, India.

Straus D.L., Robinette H.R. & Heinen J.M. 1991. Toxicity of un-ionized ammonia and high pH to
post-larval and juvenile freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Journal of theWorld
Aquaculture Society 22,128^133.

Stwalley, C. S. and D. B. Beasley, 1987. Stocking densities for Macrobrachium rosenbergii in intensive
culture: a preliminary study. American Soc. Agricult. Engg., 87: 5032-5039.

Subasinghe R. 1997. Fish health and quarantine, pp.45-49.In A review of the State of the World
Aquaculture. FAO Fisheries Circular no. 886. Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations, Rome, Italy.

Subramanian, C. V., 1971. Hyphomycetes (An account of Indian species: except Crcosporae). ICAR,
New Delhi.

Subramanyam, M. 1984. Experimental pond culture of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium


rosenbergii. Proc. Seminar on Aquacultrue, Cuttak Dept. Fish, Orissa, 57 – 68.

Subramoniam, T., 1995. Light and electron microscopic studies on the seminal secretions and the
vasdeferens of the penaeiodean shrimp, Sicyona ingentis. J. Biosci., 20(5): 691-706.

Subramoniam, T., 1984. Spermatophore formation in two intertidal crabs, Albunea symista and Emerita
asiatica. Biol. Bull., 166: 78-95.

Suganthi, A. S. and G. Anilkumar, 1998. Ultrastructural studies on the male accessary glands of the
estuarine crab, Metopograpsus messor (Forskal) and Sesarama quadratum (Fabricious)
(Grapsidae: Brachyurs, Decapoda). Cytobios, 93: 7-21.

Sugita H., HiroseY., Matsuo N. and Deguchi Y. , 1998. Production of the antibacterial substance by
Bacillus sp. Strain NM 12, an intestinal bacterium of Japanese coastal fish. Aquaculture165,
269^280.

Sugunan, V.V. and M.Sinha, 2001. Sustainable capture and culture-based fisheries in freshwaters of
India. T.J. Pandian (ed.) Sustainable Indian Fisheries, p 43-70.
Suh HL 1990 Morphology of the gastric mill of the genus Thysanopoda (Euphausiacea). J Crust Biol
10: 479 – 486.

Surendran P.K., Thampuran N. & Narayanan Nambiar V. (2000). Comparative microbial ecology of
freshwater and brackishwater prawn farms. Fishery Technology 37,25^30.

Sumitra, V., 1969. Limnological studies of some tropical ponds. Ph.D. thesis, Madurai Kamaraj Univ.,
Madurai, Tamilnadu, India.
Sun PS, Weatherby TM, Dunlap MF, Arakaki KL, Zacarias DT, Malecha SR (2000) Developmental
changes in structure and polypeptide profile of the androgenic gland of the freshwater prawn
Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture Int 8: 327–334

Suralikar, V.R., 1996. Studies on probiotic feeding and its efficiency on the growth and survival of
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) post-larvae. J. Aqua. Trop., 14(3): 34-42.

Suralikar V. and Sahu N.P., 2001. Effect of feeding probiotic (Lactobacillus cremoris) on growth and
survival of Macrobrachium rosenbergii postlarvae. Journal of Applied Animal Research
20,117-124

Surendran, P.K., N. Thampuran and K. Gopakumar, 1995. Microbial profile of cultured fishes and
prawn viz a viz their spoilage and contamination. FAO Fisheries Report No. 514 supplement.
Pp. 1 – 12. FAO, Rome, Italy.

Sureshkumar, R., 2000. Studies on freshwater cladocerans for use as live food in aquaculture. Ph.D.
thesis, Univ. Madras, Chennai, India. 1-152.

Sureshkumar, S., Kurup, B.M., 1998. Reproductive activity of male morphotypes of


Macrobrachium rosenbergii and their performance in brood stock rearing and larval
production. J.Aquacult.Tropics 38, 78-82.

Sureshumar, S. and B. M. Kurup, 1998a. Biochemical characterisation of different male morphotypes of


Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). Fish. Technol., 35(1): 18-25.

Sureshkumar, S. and B. M. Kurup, 1998b. Comparative study on the reproductive potential of male
morphotypes of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) in broodstock rearing and larval
production. Indian J. Mar. Sci., 27: 373-377.

Sureshkumar, S. and M. Kurup , 1999. Variations in hepatosomatic index and biochemical profiles
among the male morphotypes of Macrobrachium rosenbergii , Aquaculture, 176, 285 – 293.

Swain SK, Rangacharyulu PV, Sarkar S, Das KM., 1996 Effect of a probiotic supplement on growth,
nutrient utilization and carcass composition in mrigal fry. J Aqua 1996;4:29-35.

Sweilum, M.A., 2006. Effect of sublethal toxicity of some pesticide on growth parameters,
haematological properties and total production of Nile tilapia (Oreochromus niloticus L.) and
water quality of ponds. Aquaculture Research, 37: 1079-1089.

Symon, P. E. K., 1972. Behavioral adjustments of population density to available food by juveniles of
Atlantic salmon .J.Anim .Ecol .,40;569-587.

Tag El-Din, H.A., M.M. Habashy and H.M. Sultan, 2009. Residues of some Heavy Metals and
Hormones in freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and Marine Shrimp (Penaeus
semisulcatus) with reference to the nutritive value. World journal of Zoology, 4(3), 205-215.
Taketomi, Y., Murata M, Imakado K 1996, On the androgenic gland of the crayfish, Procambarus
clarki I. Seasonal changes in the cell structure of the androgenic gland of the crayfish,
Procambarus clarki. M. Biol. Int. Rep., 10: 131 – 136.

Taketomi 1986 Taketomi Y, 1986. Ultrastructure of the androgenic gland of the crayfish,
Procambarus clarkii. Cell Biol Int Reports 10: 131–136

Taketomi Y, Murata M, Miyawaki M, 1990. Androgenic gland and secondary sexual characters in
the crayfish Procambarus clarkii. J Crust Biol 10: 492–497

Talwalkar, A., 2003. Studies on the oxygen toxicity of probiotic bacteria with reference to
Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp., PhD Thesis, Centre for Advanced Food
Research, University of Western Sydney.

Tan. C.H and K.Y.Choong 1981.. Effect of hyperosmotic stress on hemolymph protein, muscle
ninhydrin positive substances and free amino acids in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de man)
Comp, Biochem, Physiol., 70 A: 472 - 489.

Tan-Fermin, J. D., 1991. Effects of unilateral eyestalk ablation on ovarian histology and oocyte size
frequency of wild and pond reared Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) broodstock. Aquaculture, 93:
77-86.

Teshima, S., Ishikawa, M., Koshio, S., Kanazawa, A., 1997. Necessity of dietary cholesterol for the
freshwater prawn. Fisheries Sciences 63, 596–599.Teshima S., S. Koshio, M. Ishikawa, M.S.
Alam and L.H. H.

Taylor, A., B. Ross, S. McCauley, J.H. Brown and F.Huntingford, 2002. Inter and intra - individual
variation in resting oxygen consumption in post-larvae of the giant freshwater prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man). Com. Biochem. and physiol. Part A, 132, 459 – 468.

Telecky T.M. 1982. The proportion of runt-fertilized females in two captive populations of
Macrobrachium rosenbergii and the behaviour of runts associated with a courting bull and
female. MSc thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA, 53pp.

Telecky T.M. 1984. Alternate male reproductive strategies in the giant Malaysian prawn
Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Pacific Science 38,372^373.

Temmerman R., Huys G., Pot B. & Swings J. 2003. Identification and antibiotic resistance of isolates
from probiotic products. International Journal of FoodMicrobiology 81,1-10.

Tendencia, E.A. and L.D. de la Pena, 2001. Antibiotic resistance of bacteria from shrimp ponds.
Aquaculture 195, 193–204

Teshima, S. and A. Kanazawa. 1982. Variation in lipid compositions during the larval development
of the prawn (Penaeus juporzicus). Memoirs of the Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima
University 3 1 : 205-212.
Teshima, S., Kanazawa, A., Hitotsumatsu, K., Kim, K.S., Oshida, K., Koshio, S., 1992. Tissue uptake
and bioconversion of eicosapentaenoic acid and phosphatidylcholine in prawns, Penaeus and
Macrobrachium. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology 102B, 885–890.

Teshima, S., M. Shikarva, S. Koshio and A. Kanazawa, 1997. Necessity of dietary cholesterol for the
freshwater prawn. Fish. Sci., 63(4): 596-599.

Thang, N.V., 1995. Giant Freshwater Prawn Farming. Agriculture Publishing House. (in
Vietnamese), pp. 15

Thanh, N.M., Raul W. Ponzoni , Nguyen Hong Nguyen b, Nguyen Thanh Vu , Andrew Barnes a,
Peter B. Mather, 2009. Evaluation of growth performance in a diallel cross of three strains of
giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in Vietnam. Aquaculture 287 (2009)
75–83

Thompson A.B., A.S.McGill, J.Murray R.Hardy and P.F.Howgate, 1980. The analysis of a range of
nonvolatile constituents of cooked haddock (Gadus aegletinus) and the influence of these on
flavors. In:Connell, J.J.(Ed). Advance in fish science and Technology. Fishing Books,
Farnham, Surrey. P.484.

Tian, C.K., Ma, Z.W., 2008. The application of the originated EM for the commercial freshwater fish
cultures. Heilongjiang Fish 3, 18–19 (in Chinese).

Tidwell J.H. & Bratvold D. 2005. Utility of added substrates in shrimp culture. In: Periphyton:
Ecology, Exploitation andManagement (ed. by M.E. Azim, M.C.J.Verdegem, A.A. van Dam
& M.C.M. Breveridge), pp. 247^268. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.

Tidwell, J. and S.Coyle, 2008. Impact of Substrate Physical Characteristics on Grow Out of
Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, in Ponds and Pond Microcosm Tanks
JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, 39, 3, 406 -413.

Tidwell J.H., Webster C.D., Clark J.A. & D‘Abramo L.R. (1993) Evaluation of distillers dried grains
with soluble as an ingredient in diets for pond culture of the freshwater prawn
Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 24, 66–70.

Tidwell J.H.,Webster C.D., Goodgame-Tiu L. & D‘Abramo L.R., 1994. Population characteristics of
Macrobrachium rosenbergii fed diets containing di!erent protein sources under coolwater
conditions in earthen ponds. Aquaculture 126, 271^281.

Tidwell, J. H., C. D. Webster, J. D. Sedlack, P. A. Weston, W. L. Knight, S. J. Hill Jr., L. R. D'Abramo,


W. H. Daniels, M. J. Fulles and J. Labrenty Montane, 1995. Effects of complete and
supplemental diets and organic pond fertilization on production of Macrobrachium rosenbergii
and associated benthic macroinvertebrate populations. Aquaculture, 138(1-4): 169-180.

Tidwell, J. H., L. R. D'Abramo, C. D. Webster, S. D. Coyle and W. H. Daniels, 1996. A standardized


comparison of semi-intensive pond culture of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii at
different latitudes production increases with lower water temperature. Aquaculture, 141(3-4),
145-158.
Tidwell, J. H., G. Schulmeister, C. Mahl and S. Coyle, 1997. Growth, survival and biochemical
composition of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii fed natural food organisms under
controlled conditions. J. World Aqua. Soc., 28(2): 123-132.

Tidwell, J.H., S.D. Coyle, C.D. Webster, J.D. Sedlacek, P.A. Weston, W.L. Knight, S.J. Hill, L.R.
D‘Abramo, H.W. Daniels and M.J. Fuller, 1997a. Relative prawn production and benthic
macroinvertebrate densities in unfed, prganically fertilized and fed pond systems.
Aquaculture, 149, 227 – 242.

Tidwell, J. H., S. D. Coyle and G. Schumeister, 1998a. Effects of added substrate on the production and
population characterstics of freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii in ponds. J. World
Aqua. Soc., 29: 17-22.

Tidwell, J H., C. D. Webster, S.D. Coyle, W.H. Daniels and L.R. D‘Abramo, 1998b. Fatty acid and
amino acid composition of eggs, muscle and midgut glands of freshwater prawns,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man), raised in fertilized ponds, unfertilized ponds or fed
prepared diets. Aquaculture Research, 29, 37–45.

Tidwell, J. H., S. Coyle, C. Welbel and J. Evans, 1999. Effects and interactions of stocking density and
added substrate on production and population structure of freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium
rosenbergii. J. World Aqua. Soc., 30:2, 174-179.

Tidwell, J. H., S. D. Coyle, A. V. Arnum, and C. Weibel, 2000. Production response of freshwater
prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii to increasing amounts of artificial substrate in ponds. J.
World Aquacult. Soc., 31(3): 452-458.

Tidwell, J. H., S. D. Coyle, A. V. Arnum, and C. Weibel, and S. Arkins, 2000.Growth, Survival, and
Body Composition of Cage-Cultured Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Fed Pelleted and
Unpelleted Distillers Grains with Solubles in Polyculture with Freshwater Prawn
Macrobrachiurn rosenbergii. J. World Aquacult. Soc., 31(4): 627-631.

Tidwell, H.J., Cocyle, D.S., Bright, A.L., VanArum, A., Weibel, C., 2003. The effects of size grading
and length of nursery period on growth and population structure of freshwater prawn stocked
in temperature zone ponds with added substrates. Aquaculture 218, 209-218.

Tidwell J.H., Coyle S.D. & Dasgupta S. 2004a. Effects of stocking different fractions of size graded
juvenile prawns on production and population structure during a temperature-limited growout
period. Aquaculture 231,123^134.

Tidwell J.H., Coyle S.D., Dasgupta S., Bright L.A. & Yasharian D. (2004b) Impact of di!erent
management technologies on the production, population structure, and economics of
freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii culture in temperate climates. JOURNAL OF
THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, 35, 4. p. 585

Tissier, H., 1985. Repartition des microbes dans intestine du nourisson. Ann.Inst. Past., 19: 109 -115.

Tiwari, K. K., 1955. Distribution of Indo-Burmese freshwater prawns of the genus palaemon and its
bearing on the Satpura huypothesis. Bull. Natl. Inst. Soc., 7: 230 – 239.
Tiwary, A.K., 2009. Nutritional status of edible palaemonid prawn Macrobrachium scabriculum
(Heller, 1862). M.Sc. Thesis, Annamalai University, India.

Tiwari and Sahu, 1999; Tiwari, J.B. and N.P. Sahu, 1999. Possible use of soyalecithin as a source of
lipid in the post larval diet of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J. Aqua. Trop.,14(1): 37-46.

Tlaskalova´-Hogenova´, H., R. Stepa´nkova´, T. Hudcovic, L. Tuckova´ , B. Cukrowska, R.


Lodinova´-Za´dnı´kova´, H. Koza´kova´, P. Rossmann, J. Ba´rtova´ , D. Sokol, D. P. Funda,
D. Borovska´, Z. Reha´kova´, J. Sinkora, J. Hofman, P. Drastich, and A. Kokesova´ . 2004.
Commensal bacteria (normal microflora), mucosal immunity and chronic inflammatory and
autoimmune diseases. Immunology Letters 93:97–108.

Tonapi, G. T., 1980. Freshwater animals of India: an ecological approach. Oxford & IBH Publ. Co.,
New Delhi, India. 341 pp.

Torres-Beristain, B., Verdegem, M.C.J., Kerepeczki, E., Verreth, J., 2006. Decomposition of high
protein aquaculture feed under variable oxic conditions. Water Res. 40, 1341–1350.

Touir, A. 1977. New data concerni ng the sexual endrocrinology of the hermaphroditic and
gonochristic crustacean decapoda and nantia1: Androgenic gland; maintenance and role of
these glands in the control of the gametogenesis and external male sexual characters. Bull.
Soc.Zool. Fr., 102(4): 375 – 400.

Tovar D., Zambonino J., Cahu C., Gatesoupe F.J., Vazquez-Juarez R. and Lesel R., 2002. Effect of
yeast incorporation in compound diet on digestive enzyme activity in sea bass (Dicentrarchus
labrax) larvae. Aquaculture 204, 113–123.

Tovar-Ramirez D, Zambonino-Infante JL, Cahu C, Gatesoupe FJ & Vazquez-Juarez R , 2004.


Influence of dietary live yeast on European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larval
development. Aquaculture 234: 415–427

Trider, D.J., Manson, E.G. and Castell, J.D. 1979. Survival and growth of juveniles American
lobsters (Homarius americanus) after eyestalk ablation. J. Fish. Board. Can., 36: 93 – 97.

Tseng, K. F., J. S. Huang and I. C. Liao, 1990. Effect of microalgae on ammonia removal in aquaculture
wastewater by fluidized bed. In: R. Hirano and I. Hanyu (eds.), Second Asian Fish. Forum, AFS,
Manila, Philippines, 49-52.

Tsukimura, B., 2001. Crustacean vitellogenesis: Its role in oocyte development. Amer. Zool., 41: 465-
476.

Tsutsui, N., I. Kawasoe, T. Ohira, S. Jasmani, W.J. Yang, M. Wilder and K. Aida, 2000. Molecular
characterization of the cDNA encoding vitellogenin and its expression in the hepatopancreas
and ovary during vitellogenesis in the kuruma prawn, Penaeus japonicus. Zool. Sci., 17: 651-
660.

Tucker, C. S. and S. W. Lloyd, 1985. Evaluation of a commercial amendment for improving water
quality in channel catfish ponds. Mississippi Agricult. Forestry Exp. Stat., Mississippi State
Univ., Techn. Bull., 129-137.
Tucker, C.S., Robinson, E.H., 1990. Channel Catfish Farming Handbook. Van Nostrand Reinhold,
New York.

Turker, H., Eversole, A.G., Brune, D.E., 2003. Filtration of green algae and cyanobacteria by Nile
tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, in the Partitioned Aquaculture System. Aquaculture 215: 93-
101.

Tzeng, T., C. Chiu and S. Yeh,, 2001. Morphometric variation in red-spot prawn (Metapenaeopsis
barbata) in different geographic waters off Taiwan. Fish. Res., 53: 211-217.

Uddin, M.S., 2007. Mixed culture of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and freshwater prawn
(Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in periphyton-based ponds. PhD Thesis, Wageningen
University, The Netherlands.

Uddin M.J., Dewan S., Ashrafuzzaman M. and Haque M.M. (2001) Growth and yield of GIFT
(Oreochromis niloticus) and Thai silver barb (Barbodes gonionotus Bleeker) in rice fields and
their e!ects on the yield of rice. Bangladesh. Journal of Fisheries Research 5, 29^35.

Uddin, S., Azim, M.E., Wahab, A., Verdegem, M.C.J., 2006. The potential of mixed culture of
genetically improved farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and freshwater giant prawn
(Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in periphyton-based systems. Aquac. Res. 37, 241-247.

Uddin, M.S., A. Farzana, M.K. Fatema, M.E. Azim, M.A. Wahab, M.C.J. Verdegem, 2007.
Technical evaluation of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) monoculture and tilapia–prawn
(Macrobrachium rosenbergii) polyculture in earthen ponds with or without substrates for
periphyton development, Aquaculture, 269, 232–240.

Uddin, M.S., A. Milsten, M. E. Azim, M.A. Wahab, M. Verdegem and J. Verreth, 2008. Effects of
stocking density, periphyton substrate and supplemental feed on biological processes affecting
water quality in earthen tilapia–prawn polyculture ponds. Aquaculture Research, 39,
1243^1257

Udo, P. J. and M. Taege, 1987. Body size and metabolic rate in Macrobrachium vollenhovenii (Herklots,
1857) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae). J. Aqua. Trop., 4: 77-84.

Uma, A. T. J. Abraham, M. J. Prince, Jeyaseelan and V. Sundararaj, 1999. Effect of probiotic feed
supplement on performance and disease resistance of Indian white shrimp, Penaeus indicus H.
Milne Edwards. J. Aqua. Trop., 14(2): 159-164.

Uno, Y. and K. C. Soo, 1969. Larval development of Macrobrachium rosenbergii reared in the
laboratory. J. Tokyo Univ. Fish., 55(2): 179-190.

Valenti, W.C., 1985. Cultivo de Camaro˜es de A ´ gua Doce. Nobel, Sa˜o Paulo. 82 pp.

Valenti, W. C. 1993. Freshwater prawn culture in Brazil. World Aquaculture 24(1):29–34.


Valenti, W. C., J. T. C. Mello and N. Castagnolli. 1993. Efeito da densidade populacional sobre as
curvas de crescimento de Macrobrachiurn rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) em cultivo semi-
intensive (Crustacea, Palaemonidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 10:427-438.

Van De Braak K., Decamp O. & Lavens P. 2004. E!ective health management in hatcheries. Asian
Aquaculture Magazine 4,18-20.

Van Arnum A.,Tidwell J., Coyle S.,Vitatoe L. & McCathy M., 2001. The effect of photoperiod on
the nursery production of juvenile freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii. In:
Abstracts of Aquaculture 2001, 21^25 January 2001, Lake BuenaVista, FL, USA.World
Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA, USA,660pp.

Vanbelle, M, E. Teller and M. Focant, 1990. Probiotics in animal nutrition: a review. Arch. Anim
Nutr 40:543–567.

Vaseeharan B and Ramasamy P., 2003. Control of pathogenic Vibrio spp. by Bacillus subtilis BT23,
a possible probiotic treatment for black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. Lett. Appl.
Microbiol., 36: 83–87.

Vasquez, O., E. Rouse and W. A. Rogere, 1989. Growth response to Macrobrachium rosenbergii to
different level of hardness. J. World Aquacult. Soc., 20(2): 90-92.

Vasudevappa, C., N. Sivasankar and S. A. Patil, 1993. Growth of Giant freshwater prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) fed on different formulated feeds. The third Indian
Fisheries Forum Proceedings, p. 33 – 35.

Vasudevappa, C., V. Swamy, K. V. Mohire and N. B. Kumari, 1998. Culture of giant freshwater prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii: a case study. In: P. C. Thomas (ed.), Current and emerging trends
in Aquaculture. Daya Publishing House, New Delhi, 171-178.

Vazquez-Boucard, C.G., Levy, L., Ceccaldi, H.J., Brogren, C.H., 2002. Developmental changes in
concentrations of vitellin, vitellogenin, and lipids in hemolymph, hepatopancreas, and ovaries
from different ovarian stages of Indian white prawn Fenneropenaeus indicus. J. Exp. Mar.
Biol. Ecol. 281, 63–75.

Veith, W. J. and S. R. Malecha, 1983. Histochemical study of the distribution of lipids 3-alpha and 3-
beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the androgenic gland of cultured prawn, Macrobrachium
rosenbergii (de Man) (Crustacean: Decapoda). S. Afr. J. Sci., 79: 84-85.

Velu, C.S. and Munuswamy, N., 2007. Evaluation of Streptocephalus dichotomus nauplii as a larval
diet for freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture Nutrition 13; 1–10 ‗

Velu, C.S. and Munuswamy, N., 2008. Evaluation of Streptocephalus dichotomus nauplii as larval
diet for freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Aquaculture Nutrition 14; 331–340.

Venkat, H.K., N. P. Sahu and K. K. Jain, 2004. Effect of feeding Lactobacillus-based probiotics on
the gut microflora, growth and survival of postlarvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de
Man), Aquaculture Research,35, 501-507.
Venkataraman, G. S., 1969. Cultivation of algae. ICAR Publ., New Delhi, 319 pp.

Venkataraman, K., 1983. Taxonomy and ecology of cladocera of Southern Tamilnadu. Ph.D. thesis,
Madurai Kamaraj Univ., Madurai, India, 1-190.

Ventura, E.D. Aflalo and A.Sagi, 2010. Towards monosex culture of prawns (Scampi) – As a follow
– up to the discovery of an androgenic gland specific insulin – like factor. Fishing Chimes,
Vol.29, No. 10, 10 – 12.

Verschuere, L., G. Rombaut, P. Sorgeloos and W. Verstraete, 2000a. Probiotic bacteria as biological
control agents in aquaculture. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 655-671.

Verschuere L., Heang H., Criel G., Sorgeloos P. & Verstraete W. 2000b. Selected bacterial strains
protect Artemia spp. from the pathogenic effects of Vibrio proteolyticus CW8T2. Applied and
Environmental Microbiology 66, 1139^1146.‘

Veith, W. J. and S. R. Malecha, 1983. Histochemical study of the distribution of lipids 3-alpha and 3-
beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the androgenic gland of cultured prawn, Macrobrachium
rosenbergii (de Man) (Crustacean: Decapoda). S. Afr. J. Sci., 79: 84-85.

Victor, R. and C. H. Fernando, 1979. The freshwater ostracods (Crustacea; Ostracoda) of India. Rec.
Zool. Sur. India, 74: 147-242.

Victor, B and R. Sarojini, 1985. Histomorphology of cerebral neurosecretory system in the caridian
prawn, Caridina rajadhari (Bouvies). Curr. Sci., 54: 817.

Vijayakumaran, M , 2001. Probiotics in aquaculture. In: Perspectives in Mariculture (Menon NG and


Pillai PP eds). The Marine Biological association of India, Cochin, pp 369–379.

Vijaykumaran, M., 1998. Impact of environment on aquaculture In: R. Ganapathi and Kandan (eds.),
Environ. Impact Assess. Aquacult. Enterprises, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Aquaculture Publ.,
Chennai, 142 - 149.

Vijayan K K, V Stalin Raj, S VAlavandi,V Thillai Sekhar & T C Santiago, 2005.Incidence of white
muscle disease, a viral like disease associated with mortalities in hatchery-reared postlarvae of
the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) from the southeast coast of
India Aquaculture Research, 36, 311-316

Villamil L, Figueras A, Planas M & Novoa B, 2003. Control of Vibrio alginolyticus in Artemia
culture by treatment with bacterial probiotics. Aquaculture 219: 43–56.

Vine, N.G., Leukes, W.D., Kaiser, H., 2006. Probiotics in marine larviculture. FEMS Microbiology
Reviews 30, 404–427.

Vine NG, Leukes WD and Kaiser H, 2004. In vitro growth characteristics of fi ve candidate
aquaculture probiotics and two fi sh pathogens grown in fi sh intestinal mucus. FEMS
Microbiol Lett 231:145–152
Vogt, G., Quintillo, E.T., 1994. Accumulation and excretion of metal granules in the prawn, Penaeus
monodon, exposed to water-borne copper, lead, iron and calcium. Aquat. Toxicol. 28, 223–
241.

Vyas, A. A., M. D. Chhaya, A. V. Buch, M. Bhaskaran, A. J. Patel and V. J. Mohile, 1986. Mass culture
of centric diatom, Chaetoceros affinis (Lauder); a promising live feed for prawn larvae. Indian J.
Mar. Sci., 15: 49-55.

Wahab, M.A., M. Kunda, M. E. Azim, S. Dewan and S.H. Thilsted, 2008. Evaluation of freshwater
prawn-small fish culture concurrently with rice in Bangladesh. Aquaculture Research, 39,
1524-1532.

Wahab, M.A., Azim, M.E., Ali, M.H., Beveridge, M.C.M., Khan, S., 1999. The potential of
periphyton based culture of the native major carp kalbaush, Labeo calbasu (Hamilton). Aquac.
Res. 30, 409–419.

Wang, Y.B., 2007. Effect of probiotics on growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of the
shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Aquaculture 269 259–264

Wang, Y.B. and J.-Z. Han, 2007. The role of probiotic cell wall hydrophobicity in bioremediation
of aquaculture / Aquaculture 269 349–354

Wang, G. and S.Qianhong, 1999. Culture of freshwater prawns in China. Aquaculture Asia, 4, 14-17.

Wang, Y.B. and Z.R. Xu, 2006. Effect of probiotics for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) based on
growth performance and digestive enzyme activities. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 127, 283–292.

Wang, Y.M., Wang, Y.G., 2008. Advance in the mechanisms and application of microecologics in
aquaculture. Prog. Vet. Med. 29, 72–75 (in Chinese).

Wang, J. K., D. M. Bigger and C. Y. Lam, 1987. Improving freshwater prawn stock management.
American Soc. Agricult. Engg., 87: 5031-5044.

Wang, X., H. Li, X. Zhang, Y. Li, W. Ji and H. Xu, 2000. Microbial flora in the digestive tract of
tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). J Gen Appl Microbio 43:305–308

Wang, W.N. A.L. Wang, L., Bao, J.P. Wang, Y. Liu, R.Y. Sun, 2004. Changes of protein – bound
and free amino acids in the muscle of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium niponnense in
different salinities, Aquaculture, 233: 561 – 571.

Wang, Y.B., Z.R. Xu and M.S. Xia, 2005 .The effectiveness of commercial probiotics in northern
white shrimp Penaeus vannamei ponds. Fisheries Science, 71: 1036–1044

Wang, A., Zheng, G., Liao, S., Huang, H., Sun, R., 2007a. Diversity analysis of bacteria capable of
removing nitrate/nitrite in a shrimp pond. Acta Ecol. Sin. 27 (5), 1937–1943 (in Chinese,
With English abstract).
Wang, Y., Han, Y., Li, Y., Chen, J., Zhang, X.-H., 2007b. Isolation of Photobacterium damselae
subsp. piscicida from diseased tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther) in China. Acta
Microbiol. Sin. 47, 763–768 (in Chinese, With English abstract).

Watanabe, T., Arakawa, T., Takeuchi, T. and Satoh, S., 1989. Comparison between eicosapentaenoic
and docosahexaenoic acids in terms of essential fatty acid efficiency in juvenile striped jack
Pseudocaranx dentex. Nippon Suisan Gaikkashi, 55: 1989- 1995

Watanabe, 1982 Lipid Nutrition in Fish. Comparative biochemistry and physiology, 73 B, 3 – 15.

Watanabe, T., Kitajima, C. and Fujita, S. (1983). Nutritianal values of live organisms used in japan
for mass propagation of fish, a review. Aquaculture, 34, 115 – 143.

Weatherby, T. M., 1981. An ultrastructural study of the sinus gland of the crab, Cardisoma carnifex.
Cell Tiss. Res., 220: 293-312.

Webber, D.F., Webber, M.K., 1998. The water quality of Kingston Harbor: evaluating the use of the
planktonic community and traditional water quality indices. Chemistry and Ecology 14, 357–
374.

Wehrtmann, L.S., Graeve, M., 1998. Lipid composition and utilization in developing eggs of two
tropical marine caridean shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea; Alpheida: Palaemonidae). Comp.
Biochem. Physiol. 121 B, 457–463.

Wickins, J. F., 1982. Opportunities for farming crustaceans in western temperature regions. In: J. F.
Muir and R. J. Roberts (eds.), Recent advances in aquaculture, Croom Helm, London, 88-177.

Willam, H.D., L.R. D‘Abramo, M.W. Fondren and M.D. Durant, 1995. Effects of stocking density
and feed on pond production characteristics and revenue of harvested freshwater prawns,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii stocked as size-graded juveniles. J. World Aqua. Soc., 26: 38-
47.

Wohlfarth, G. W., G. Hulata, E. Karplus and A. Halevy, 1985. Polyculture of the freshwater prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii in intensively manured ponds and the effect of stocking rate of
prawn and fish on their production characteristics. Aquactulture, 46: 143-156.

Wohlfarth, G.W., 1977. Shoot carp. Bamidgeh 29(2), 35 – 39.

Wu, J.P.,H. C. Chen and D.J. Huang, 2008. Histopathological and biochemical evidence of
hepatopancreatic toxicity caused by cadmium and zinc in the white shrimp, Litopenaeus
vannamei. Chemosphere,73,1019–1026

Wudtisin. I. and C.E Boyd, 2006. Physical and chemical characteristics of sediments in catfish,
freshwater prawn and carp ponds in Thailand, Aquaculture Research, 37, 1202-1214

Xianzhen, G., F. Yingxue, X. Jun, Y. Tongbing and Z. Wenyou, 1984. Preliminary study on the bacterial
community and its rules of growth and decline. Freshwat. Fish., 117(1): 31-35.
Xianzhen, G., F. Yingxue, F. Xiuzhen, 1988. Preliminary studies on the effect of aquatic bacteria upon
manure applied pond ecosystem and fish yield. J. Chinese Acad. Fish. Sci., 1(1): 18-28

Xianzhen, G., F. Yingxue and F. Xiuzhen, 1994. Preliminary studies on the effects of aquatic bacteria
upon fish yield in integrated fish farming ponds. In: L. M. Chou, A. D. Munro, T. J. Lan, T. W.
Chen, L. K. K. Cheong, J. K. Oing K. K. Hooi, H. W. Khoo, V. P. E. Phang, K. F. Shim and C.
H. Tan (eds.), Third Asian Fish. Forum, AFS, Manila, Philippines. 179-182.

Xinglong, J. and C.E. Boyd, 2006. Relationship between organic carbon concentration and potential
pond bottom soil respiration. Aquacultural engineering, 35, 147 – 151.

Xu, J.H., Xiao, K.Y., 2006. Application and development prospect of microecological preparation in
aquaculture. Hebei Fish. 146, 54–56 (In Chinese, with English abstract).

Xu X.L., Ji W.J., Castell J.D. and O‘Dor R.K. 1994 a. Influence of dietary lipid sources on
fecundity, egg hatchability and fatty acid composition of Chinese prawn (Penaeus chinensis)
broodstock. Aquaculture 119: 359.

Yang, W.J., Ohira, T., Tsutsui, T., Subramoniam, S., Huong, D.T.T., Aida, K., Wilder, M.N., 2000.
Determination of amino acid sequence and size of mRNA expression of four Macrobrachium
rosenbergii. J. Exp. Zool. 287, 413-422.

Yang, J.L., T.J. Hu and H.Y. Lee, 2010. Sublethal antimobny (III) Exposure of freshwater Swamp
shrimp (Macrobarachium nipponense): Effects on oxygen consumption and Hepatopancreatic
Histology.J.Water Resources and protection, 2, 42-47.

Yao, J.J., Y-L. Zhao, Q. Wang, Z-L, Zhou, X-C, Hu, X_W, Duan and C-G. An, 2006. Biochemical
compositions and digestive enzyme activities during the embryonic development of prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture, 253 (1-4): 573-582

Yao Jun-jie, Zhao Y., Wang Q. Zhou Z. , Hu X. , Duan X. and An C. , 2006. Biochemical
compositions and digestive enzyme activities during the embryonic development of prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture, 253, 573–582

Yeh, S-P., C.-H. Liu, T.-G. Sung, P.-P. Lee, and W. Cheng, 2006. Effect of saponin on
hematological and immunological parameters of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium
rosenbergii Aquaculture 261, 1432–1439

Zeitoun. I.H., D.E.Ullrey, W.G. Vergen, and W. T. Magee.1977. DNA, RNA, Protein and free
aminoacids during ontogenesis of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri.) J. Fish. Res. Board. Can.
34:83-88.

Zhang, L., K. S. Mai, B. P. Tan, Q. H. Ai, C.Z. Qi, W.Xu, W. B. Zhang, Z.G.Liufu, X.O. Wang and
H.G. Ma,.2008a. Effects of Dietary Administration of Probiotic Halomonas sp. B12 on the
Intestinal Microflora, Immunological Parameters, and Midgut Histological Structure of
Shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis. JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE
SOCIETY, 40(, 1). 58 – 66.
Zhang, L., B. P. Tan, K. S. Mai, Q. H. Ai, W. B. Zhang, and W. Xu. 2008. Screening and
identification of a potential probiotic in shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis.Periodical of
Ocean University of China 38: 225–231 (in Chinese with English abstract

Zhong, W.H., Guang, Z.C., 2008. The application efficacy of microecological agents in Penaeus
vannamei pond culture. Tianjin Fish. 2, 19–23 (in Chinese).

Ziaei-Nejad, S., MH. Rezaei, GA. Takami, 16. Planas, M., J.A. Vazquez and J. Marques Rodriguez.
GL. Mirvaghefi and M. Shakouri, 2006. The effect of Bacillus spp. Bacteria used as
probiotics on digestive enzyme activity, survival and growth in the Indian white shrimp,
Fenneropenaeus indicus. Aquaculture, 252: 516-524.

Ziaei-Nejad, M. H. Rezaei, G.A. Takami, D.L. Lovett, A.R. Mirvaghefi and M. Shakouri, 2006. The
effect of bacillus spp. bacteria used as probiotics on digestive enzyme activity survival and
growth in the Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus. Aquaculture, 252: 516-524.

Zimmermann, S. 1998. Manejo da fase de crescimento final. Pages 191-215 in W. C. Valenti, editor.
Carcinicultura de Bgua doce: Tecnologia para produ@o de camar6es. IBAMAIFAPESP,
Brasilia, Brazil.

You might also like