Important Properties of selected Engineering Materials

1. Room temperature density values

Density
g/cc lb/in^3
Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels
Alloy 1006
cold drawn 7.872 0.284
hot rolled 7.872 0.284
Alloy 1020
cold rolled 7.87 0.284
annealed 7.87 0.284
Alloy 1040
Cold drawn 7.845 0.283
annealed 7.845 0.283
Alloy 1090
annealed 7.85 0.284
hot rolled 7.87 0.284
Alloy 4027
annealed 7.85 0.284
normalized 7.85 0.284
Alloy 4140
annealed 7.85 0.284
normalized 7.85 0.284
Alloy 4340
annealed 7.85 0.284
normalized 7.85 0.284
Alloy 5140
annealed 7.85 0.284
normalized 7.85 0.284
Stainless Steels
Alloy 302
annealed 7.86 0.284
Cold rolled 7.86 0.284
Alloy 316
annealed 8 0.289
soft tempered 8 0.289
Alloy 405
Cold rolled 7.8 0.282
Annealed 7.8 0.282
Alloy 434
Annealed 7.8 0.282
Alloy 660
Cold rolled 7.92 0.286
 Alloy 17-7PH
cold rolled 7.8 0.282
Cast Irons
Gray Cast Irons (as cast)
ASTM class 20 7.15 0.258
ASTM class 35 7.15 0.258
Ductile Cast Irons
grade 60-40-18 7.15 0.258
grade 120-90-02 7.15 0.258
Aluminum Alloys
Alloy 2024
Annealed 2.78 0.1
T3 Temper 2.78 0.1
T6 Temper 2.78 0.1
Alloy 6061
Annealed 2.7 0.0975
T4 Temper 2.7 0.0975
T6 Temper 2.7 0.0975
Alloy 7075
Annealed 2.81 0.102
T6 Temper 2.81 0.102
Copper Alloys
Electrolytic tough pitch Copper,
(C11000)
Cold Worked 8.89 0.321
Berillium Copper, (C17000)
TH04 Temper 8.26 0.298
TH01 Temper 8.26 0.298
Cartridge Brass, (C26000)
H00 Temper 8.53 0.308
H04 Temper 8.53 0.308
Muntz metal, (C28000)
H00 Temper 8.39 0.303
H02 Temper 8.39 0.303
Free-Cutting Brass, (C36000)
H01 Temper 8.5 0.307
H02 Temper 8.5 0.307
Chromium Copper, (C18500)
TH04 Temper 8.89 0.321
TH04 Temper 8.89 0.321
90-10 Bronze, (C22000)
H01 Temper 8.8 0.318
H04 Temper 8.8 0.318
Magnesium Alloys
Alloy AZ31B
Annealed 1.77 0.0639
Hard rolled 1.77 0.0639
Alloy AZ63
F Temper 1.83 0.0661
 T6 Temper 1.83 0.0661
Alloy AZ91E
F Temper 1.81 0.0654
T4 Temper 1.81 0.0654
Nickel Alloys
Nickel-Commercially Pure
As Cast 8.88 0.321
Annealed 8.88 0.321
Nickel Silver 65-18 (752)
annealed 8.7 0.314
hardened 8.7 0.314
Cupronickel 30(715)
annealed 8.92 0.322
hardened 8.92 0.322
Titanium Alloys
Titanium-Commercially Pure
As cast 4.5 0.163
AlloyTi-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo
as-rolled 4.48 0.162
Annealed 4.48 0.162
Miscellaneous Alloys
kovar Alloy 8.36 0.302
Invar
Alloy 32-5 (Cold drawn) 8.14 0.294
Alloy 36 Alloy (Cold Drawn) 8.05 0.291
Haynes 25
cold rolled and annealed 9.13 0.33
hot rolled and annealed 9.13 0.33
Biodur
Hot Worlked 8.28 0.299
Annealed 8.287 0.299
Co-Cr-Ni Alloy 8.3 0.3
INCONEL (Cold Rolled) 8.05 0.291
INCOLOY 903 8.25 0.298
INCONEL 725 (Annealed) 8.3 0.3
Berylium S-200 1.844 0.0666
Tungsten 19.3 0.697
Tantalum 16.6 0.6
Zinc 7.1 0.257
Noble Metals
Gold 19.32 0.698
Iridium 22.65 0.818
Silver 10.491 0.379
Platinum, Annealed 21.45 0.775
Polymers
Elastomers
Styrene Butadiene Rubber
0.93 0.0336
(SBR)
Natural Rubber (Not 0.93 0.0336
 Vulcanized)
Nitrile Rubber 1.25 0.0452
Epoxies
Epoxy (Unreinforced) 1.2 0.0434
Nylon 66 Unreinforced 1.095 0.0396
Phenolic (Unreinforced) 1.705 0.0695
Polybutylene terepthalate (PBT) 1.355 0.049
Polycarbonate (PC)
Molded 1.31 0.0474
Conductive 1.31 0.0474
Polyester (Rigid) 1.65 0.0597
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
Glass Fiber Filled 1.475 0.0533
Carbon Fiber Filled 1.436 0.0519
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
Unreinforced 1.315 0.0475
30% Glass Reinforced 1.595 0.0577
Polyethylene (Molded)
Low Density 0.925 0.0345
Medium Density 0.938 0.0339
High Density 1.159 0.0419
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
Molded 1.115 0.0403
40% Glass Fiber Filled 1.4275 0.0516
40% Carbon Fiber Filled 1.305 0.0472
Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)
Unreinforced 1.17 0.0423
Glass Fiber Reinforced 1.445 0.0522
Polypropylene (PP)
Unreinforced 1.07 0.0387
10% Glass Fiber Filled 1.18 0.0427
10% Carbon Fiber filled 0.95 0.0343
Polystyrene 1.06 0.0381
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 2.225 0.0804
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Unreinforced 1.305 0.0472
30% Glass Fiber Reinforced 1.58 0.0571
Styrene Acrylonitrile 1.16 0.042
Cellulose Acetate 1.28 0.0463
Acrylonitrile 1.3 0.047
Polyacetal 1.39 0.0502
Polyphenylene Sulfide Molded 1.57 0.0567
Polysulfone 1.245 0.045
Ceramics, Graphite and Semiconducting Materials
Aluminum Oxide
99.9% Alumina 3.96 0.143
95% Alumina 3.68 0.1325
Concrete 1.28 0.0463
Diamond
 Natural 3.515 0.127
Synthetic 3.36 0.1215
Gallium Arsenide 5.316 0.192
Glass
Borosilicate Glass 2.4 0.0867
Silica Glass 2.18 0.0788
Graphite Carbon 2.25 0.0813
Fused Silica 1.855 0.067
Silicon Carbide
sintered 3.1 0.112
sublimed 3.186 0.115
Silicon Nitride 3.2 0.116
Zirconia 5.68 0.205
Titanium Carbide 4.94 0.178
Tungsten Carbide 15.7 0.567
Zirconium Carbide 6.56 0.237
Alumina 96% 3.8 0.137
Boron Nitride 3.48 0.125
Sodium Chloride 2.17 0.0784
Calcium Flouride 3.18 0.115
Fibers
E-Glass Fiber Generic 2.57 0.0929
C-Glass Fiber Generic 2.54 0.0918
Carbon Fiber Precursor 1.81 0.0654
Composite Materials
Epoxy/Glass SMC 1.635 0.0591
Epoxy/Carbon Fiber Composite 1.53 0.0553
Polycarbonate Aramid Fiber Reinforced 1.27 0.0459
Aramid Fiber reinforced Nylon 6/6 1.22 0.0441
polycarbonate, carbon Fiber Reinforced 1.3 0.047
Plolycarbonate, carbon+Glass Fiber Reinforced 1.377 0.0498
30% Glass Fiber reinforced Clear Polycarbonate 1.43 0.0517
Wood
American Red Maple Wood 0.801 0.0289
American red Gum Wood 0.801 0.0289
American Alaska Cedar Wood 0.6 0.0216
American Redwood Wood 0.4 0.0145
American Red Oak Wood 0.21 0.0076
White Oak Wood 0.993 0.0359
2. Room temperature hardness of materials
Materials Hardness
(Brinell unless
specified)
Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels
Alloy 1006
cold drawn 95
hot rolled 86
Alloy 1020
cold rolled 121
annealed 111
Alloy 1040
Cold drawn 170
annealed 149
Alloy 1090
annealed 197
hot rolled 248
Alloy 4027
annealed 143
normalized 179
Alloy 4140
annealed 197
normalized 302
Alloy 4340
annealed 217
normalized 363
Alloy 5140
annealed 167
normalized 229
Stainless Steels
Alloy 302
annealed 147
Alloy 316
annealed 143
Alloy 405
Annealed 150
Alloy 434
Annealed 164
Alloy 17-7PH
cold rolled 378
Cast Irons
Gray Cast Irons (as cast)
ASTM class 20 156
ASTM class 35 212
Ductile Cast Irons
grade 60-40-18 167
grade 120-90-02 331
 Aluminum Alloys
Alloy 2024
T3 Temper 120
T6 Temper 125
Alloy 6061
Annealed 30
T4 Temper 65
T6 Temper 95
Alloy 7075
Annealed 60
T6 Temper 150
Copper Alloys
Electrolytic tough pitch Copper,
(C11000)
Cold Worked 95
Berillium Copper, (C17000)
TH04 Temper 353
TH01 Temper 320
Cartridge Brass, (C26000)
H00 Temper 109
H04 Temper 154
Muntz metal, (C28000)
H00 Temper 102
H02 Temper 135
Free-Cutting Brass, (C36000)
H01 Temper 112
H02 Temper 143
Chromium Copper, (C18500)
TH04 Temper 154
TH04 Temper 160
90-10 Bronze, (C22000)
H01 Temper 86
H04 Temper 125
Magnesium Alloys
Alloy AZ31B
Annealed 56
Hard rolled 73
Alloy AZ63
F Temper 50
T6 Temper 73
Alloy AZ91E
F Temper 63
T4 Temper 55
Nickel Alloys
Nickel-Commercially Pure
Annealed 79
Nickel Silver 65-18 (752)
 annealed 75
hardened 151
Cupronickel 30(715)
annealed 83
hardened 147
Titanium Alloys
Titanium-Commercially Pure
As cast 70
AlloyTi-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo
as-rolled 290
Annealed 290
Miscellaneous Alloys
kovar Alloy 120
Invar
Alloy 32-5 (Cold drawn) 135
Alloy 36 Alloy (Cold Drawn) 184
Biodur
Hot Worlked 400
Annealed 290
Co-Cr-Ni Alloy 192
INCONEL 725 (Annealed) 170
Tungsten 294
Noble Metals
Gold 25(vickers)
Iridium 565
Silver 25(vickers)
Platinum, Annealed 40(Vickers)
Polymers
Elastomers
Styrene Butadiene Rubber
71(Shore-A)
(SBR)
Natural Rubber (Not
60(Shore-A)
Vulcanized)
Nitrile Rubber 65(Shore-A)
Epoxies
95R(Rockwell-
Epoxy (Unreinforced)
M)
76R(Rockwell-
Nylon 66 Unreinforced
M)
Phenolic (Unreinforced) 110
81(Rockwell-
Polybutylene terepthalate (PBT)
M)
Polycarbonate (PC)
70(Rockwell-
Molded
M)
110(Rockwell-
Conductive
R)
90(Rockwell-
Polyester (Rigid)
M)
 Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
101(Rockwell-
Glass Fiber Filled
M)
96(Rockwell-
Carbon Fiber Filled
M)
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
95(Rockwell-
Unreinforced
M)
87(Rockwell-
30% Glass Reinforced
M)
Polyethylene (Molded)
60(Rockwell-
Low Density
R)
Medium Density 59(Shore-D)
62(Rockwell-
High Density
R)
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
103(Rockwell-
Molded
R)
110(Rockwell-
40% Glass Fiber Filled
R)
110(Rockwell-
40% Carbon Fiber Filled
R)
Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)
85(Rockwell-
Unreinforced
M)
110(Rockwell-
Glass Fiber Reinforced
R)
Polypropylene (PP)
92(Rockwell-
Unreinforced
R)
96(Rockwell-
10% Glass Fiber Filled
R)
72(Rockwell-
Polystyrene
m)
58(Rockwell-
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
R)
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
99(Rockwell-
Unreinforced
R)
108(Rockwell-
30% Glass Fiber Reinforced
R)
84(Rockwell-
Styrene Acrylonitrile
M)
70(Rockwell-
Cellulose Acetate
R)
60(Rockwell-
Acrylonitrile
M)
78(Rockwell-
Polyacetal
M)
90(Rockwell-
Polyphenylene Sulfide Molded
M)
81(Rockwell-
Polysulfone
M)
 Ceramics, Graphite and Semiconducting Materials
Aluminum Oxide
99.9% Alumina 1365(Vickers)
95% Alumina 1720(Vickers)
Diamond
Natural 10(Mohs)
Synthetic 10(Mohs)
Gallium Arsenide 7500(Knoop)
Glass
Borosilicate Glass 2(Knoop)
Silica Glass 443
Silicon Nitride 1600(Vickers)
Titanium Carbide 3200(Vickers)
Tungsten Carbide 800
Zirconium Carbide 2600(Vickers)
Boron Nitride 279
Calcium Flouride 154
Composite Materials
120(Rockwell-
Polycarbonate Aramid Fiber Reinforced
R)
119(Rockwell-
polycarbonate, carbon Fiber Reinforced
R)
121(Rockwell-
30% Glass Fiber reinforced Clear Polycarbonate
R)
Wood
3(Wood
American Red Maple Wood
Indentation)
2.5(Wod
American red Gum Wood
Indentation)
2(Wood
American Alaska Cedar Wood
Indentation)
2.1 (Wood
American Redwood Wood
Indentation)
4.3 (Wood
American Red Oak Wood
Indentation)
4.8(Wood
White Oak Wood
Indentation)
3. Room temperature ultimate tensile strength

Tensile Strength
Materials
ultimate
Mpa Ksi
Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels
Alloy 1006
cold drawn 330 47.85
hot rolled 295 42.775
Alloy 1020
cold rolled 420 60.9
annealed 395 57.275
Alloy 1040
Cold drawn 585 84.825
annealed 515 74.675
Alloy 1090
annealed 696 100.92
hot rolled 841 121.945
Alloy 4027
annealed 515 74.675
normalized 640 92.8
Alloy 4140
annealed 655 94.975
normalized 1020 147.9
Alloy 4340
annealed 745 108.025
normalized 1282 185.89
Alloy 5140
annealed 570 82.65
normalized 793 114.985
Stainless Steels
Alloy 302
annealed 620 89.9
Cold rolled 585 84.825
Alloy 316
annealed 580 84.1
soft tempered 689 99.905
Alloy 405
Cold rolled 469 68.005
Annealed 448 64.96
Alloy 434
Annealed 517 74.965
Alloy 660
Cold rolled 1007 146.015
Alloy 17-7PH
cold rolled 1380 200.1
 Cast Irons
Gray Cast Irons (as cast)
ASTM class 20 152 22.04
ASTM class 35 252 36.54
Ductile Cast Irons
grade 60-40-18 461 66.845
grade 120-90-02 974 141.23
Aluminum Alloys
Alloy 2024
T3 Temper 483 70.035
T6 Temper 427 61.915
Alloy 6061
Annealed 124 17.98
T4 Temper 241 34.945
T6 Temper 310 44.95
Alloy 7075
Annealed 228 33.06
T6 Temper 572 82.94
Copper Alloys
Electrolytic tough pitch Copper,
(C11000)
Cold Worked 345 50.025
Berillium Copper, (C17000)
TH04 Temper 1310 189.95
TH01 Temper 1190 172.55
Cartridge Brass, (C26000)
H00 Temper 400 58
H04 Temper 525 76.125
Muntz metal, (C28000)
H00 Temper 415 60.175
H02 Temper 485 70.325
Free-Cutting Brass, (C36000)
H01 Temper 385 55.825
H02 Temper 400 58
Chromium Copper, (C18500)
TH04 Temper 530 76.85
TH04 Temper 475 68.875
90-10 Bronze, (C22000)
H01 Temper 310 44.95
H04 Temper 420 60.9
Magnesium Alloys
Alloy AZ31B
Annealed 255 36.975
Hard rolled 290 42.05
Alloy AZ63
F Temper 200 29
T6 Temper 275 39.875
 Alloy AZ91E
F Temper 165 23.925
T4 Temper 275 39.875
Nickel Alloys
Nickel-Commercially Pure
As Cast 317 45.965
Annealed 45 6.525
Nickel Silver 65-18 (752)
annealed 386 55.97
hardened 586 84.97
Cupronickel 30(715)
annealed 379 54.955
hardened 517 74.965
Titanium Alloys
Titanium-Commercially Pure
As cast 220 31.9
AlloyTi-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo
as-rolled 830 120.35
Annealed 830 120.35
Miscellaneous Alloys
kovar Alloy 517 74.965
Invar
Alloy 32-5 (Cold drawn) 483 70.035
Alloy 36 Alloy (Cold Drawn) 621 90.045
Haynes 25
cold rolled and annealed 1005 145.725
hot rolled and annealed 1015 147.175
Biodur
Hot Worlked 1365 197.925
Annealed 1035 150.075
Co-Cr-Ni Alloy 860 124.7
INCONEL (Cold Rolled) 757 109.765
INCOLOY 903 1310 189.95
INCONEL 725 (Annealed) 855 123.975
Berylium S-200 765 110.925
Tungsten 980 142.1
Tantalum 689 99.905
Zinc 37 5.365
Noble Metals
Gold 120 17.4
Iridium 2000 290
Silver 140 20.3
Platinum, Annealed 145 21.025
Polymers
Elastomers
Styrene Butadiene Rubber
30 4.35
(SBR)
 Natural Rubber (Not
28 4.06
Vulcanized)
Nitrile Rubber 17 2.465
Epoxies
Epoxy (Unreinforced) 70 10.15
Nylon 66 Unreinforced 62 8.99
Phenolic (Unreinforced) 56 8.12
Polybutylene terepthalate (PBT) 55 7.975
Polycarbonate (PC)
Molded 65 9.425
Conductive 86 12.47
Polyester (Rigid) 58 8.41
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
Glass Fiber Filled 140 20.3
Carbon Fiber Filled 176 25.52
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
Unreinforced 55 7.975
30% Glass Reinforced 137 19.865
Polyethylene (Molded)
Low Density 16 2.32
Medium Density 25 3.625
High Density 30 4.35
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
Molded 47 6.815
40% Glass Fiber Filled 80 11.6
40% Carbon Fiber Filled 115 16.675
Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)
Unreinforced 62 8.99
Glass Fiber Reinforced 107 15.515
Polypropylene (PP)
Unreinforced 50 7.25
10% Glass Fiber Filled 36 5.22
10% Carbon Fiber filled 26 3.77
Polystyrene 45 6.525
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 25 3.625
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Unreinforced 47 6.815
30% Glass Fiber Reinforced 90 13.05
Styrene Acrylonitrile 65 9.425
Cellulose Acetate 33 4.785
Acrylonitrile 66 9.57
Polyacetal 60 8.7
Polyphenylene Sulfide Molded 95 13.775
Polysulfone 73 10.585
Ceramics, Graphite and Semiconducting Materials
Aluminum Oxide
99.9% Alumina 300 43.5
95% Alumina 205 29.725
Diamond
 Natural 1050 152.25
Synthetic 1200 174
Gallium Arsenide 66 9.57
Glass
Borosilicate Glass 57 8.265
Silica Glass 69 10.005
Fused Silica 104 15.08
Silicon Carbide
sintered 300 43.5
Silicon Nitride 800 116
Titanium Carbide 258 37.41
Tungsten Carbide 344 49.88
Zirconium Carbide 89 12.905
Alumina 96% 200 29
Boron Nitride 47 6.815
Fibers
E-Glass Fiber Generic 3448 499.96
C-Glass Fiber Generic 3310 479.95
Carbon Fiber Precursor 5650 819.25
Composite Materials
Epoxy/Glass SMC 243 35.235
Epoxy/Carbon Fiber Composite 1.6 0.232
Polycarbonate Aramid Fiber Reinforced 67 9.715
Aramid Fiber reinforced Nylon 6/6 119 17.255
polycarbonate, carbon Fiber Reinforced 150 21.75
Plolycarbonate, carbon+Glass Fiber Reinforced 135 19.575
Wood
American Red Maple Wood 4 0.58
American red Gum Wood 4 0.58
American Alaska Cedar Wood 2 0.29
American Redwood Wood 2 0.29
American Red Oak Wood 5.5 0.7975
White Oak Wood 6 0.87
4. Room temperature yield strength

Materials Yield Strength

MPa Ksi
Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels
Alloy 1006
cold drawn 285 41.325
hot rolled 165 23.925
Alloy 1020
cold rolled 350 50.75
annealed 295 42.775
Alloy 1040
Cold drawn 515 74.675
annealed 350 50.75
Alloy 1090
annealed 540 78.3
hot rolled 460 66.7
Alloy 4027
annealed 325 47.125
normalized 420 60.9
Alloy 4140
annealed 415 60.175
normalized 655 94.975
Alloy 4340
annealed 470 68.15
normalized 862 124.99
Alloy 5140
annealed 295 42.775
normalized 470 68.15
Stainless Steels
Alloy 302
annealed 275 39.875
Cold rolled 255 36.975
Alloy 316
annealed 290 42.05
soft tempered 515 74.675
Alloy 405
Cold rolled 276 40.02
Annealed 276 40.02
Alloy 434
Annealed 345 50.025
Alloy 660
Cold rolled 703 101.935
Alloy 17-7PH
 cold rolled 1210 175.45
Cast Irons
Ductile Cast Irons
grade 60-40-18 329 47.705
grade 120-90-02 864 125.28
Aluminum Alloys
Alloy 2024
T3 Temper 345 50.025
T6 Temper 345 50.025
Alloy 6061
Annealed 55 7.975
T4 Temper 145 21.025
T6 Temper 276 40.02
Alloy 7075
Annealed 103 14.935
T6 Temper 503 72.935
Copper Alloys
Electrolytic tough pitch Copper,
(C11000)
Cold Worked 310 44.95
Berillium Copper, (C17000)
TH04 Temper 1150 166.75
TH01 Temper 1110 160.95
Cartridge Brass, (C26000)
H00 Temper 315 45.675
H04 Temper 435 63.075
Muntz metal, (C28000)
H00 Temper 240 34.8
H02 Temper 345 50.025
Free-Cutting Brass, (C36000)
H01 Temper 310 44.95
H02 Temper 310 44.95
Chromium Copper, (C18500)
TH04 Temper 450 65.25
TH04 Temper 435 63.075
90-10 Bronze, (C22000)
H01 Temper 240 34.8
H04 Temper 370 53.65
Magnesium Alloys
Alloy AZ31B
Annealed 150 21.75
Hard rolled 220 31.9
Alloy AZ63
F Temper 97 14.065
T6 Temper 130 18.85
Alloy AZ91E
F Temper 97 14.065
 T4 Temper 90 13.05
Nickel Alloys
Nickel-Commercially Pure
As Cast 59 8.555
Titanium Alloys
Titanium-Commercially Pure
As cast 140 20.3
AlloyTi-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo
as-rolled 760 110.2
Annealed 710 102.95
Miscellaneous Alloys
kovar Alloy 345 50.025
Invar
Alloy 32-5 (Cold drawn) 276 40.02
Alloy 36 Alloy (Cold
483 70.035
Drawn)
Haynes 25
cold rolled and annealed 475 68.875
hot rolled and annealed 505 73.225
Biodur
Hot Worlked 930 134.85
Annealed 585 84.825
Co-Cr-Ni Alloy 520 75.4
INCONEL (Cold Rolled) 383 55.535
INCOLOY 903 1100 159.5
INCONEL 725 (Annealed) 427 61.915
Berylium S-200 414 60.03
Tungsten 750 108.75
Polymers
Epoxies
Epoxy (Unreinforced) 60 8.7
Nylon 66 Unreinforced 63 9.135
Phenolic (Unreinforced) 52 7.54
Polybutylene terepthalate (PBT) 67 9.715
Polycarbonate (PC)
Molded 65 9.425
Polyester (Rigid) 70 10.15
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
Glass Fiber Filled 98 14.21
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
Unreinforced 54 7.83
30% Glass Reinforced 141 20.445
Polyethylene (Molded)
Low Density 16 2.32
Medium Density 15 2.175
High Density 16 2.32
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
 Molded 46 6.67
40% Glass Fiber Filled 110 15.95
40% Carbon Fiber Filled 120 17.4
Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)
Unreinforced 69 10.005
Polypropylene (PP)
Unreinforced 28 4.06
10% Glass Fiber Filled 41 5.945
Polystyrene 46 6.67
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 19 2.755
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Unreinforced 38 5.51
Styrene Acrylonitrile 65 9.425
Cellulose Acetate 26 3.77
Polyacetal 69 10.005
Polyphenylene Sulfide Molded 6809 987.305
Polysulfone 74 10.73
Ceramics, Graphite and Semiconducting Materials
polycarbonate, carbon Fiber Reinforced 110 15.95
30% Glass Fiber reinforced Clear Polycarbonate 124 17.98
5. Room temperature modulus of elasticity

Modulus of
Materials
Elasticity
Gpa 10^6 Psi
Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels
Alloy 1006
cold drawn 205 29.71
hot rolled 200 28.99
Alloy 1020
cold rolled 205 29.71
annealed 200 28.99
Alloy 1040
Cold drawn 200 28.99
annealed 200 28.99
Alloy 1090
annealed 205 29.71
hot rolled 200 28.99
Alloy 4027
annealed 205 29.71
normalized 205 29.71
Alloy 4140
annealed 205 29.71
normalized 205 29.71
Alloy 4340
annealed 205 29.71
normalized 205 29.71
Alloy 5140
annealed 205 29.71
normalized 205 29.71
Stainless Steels
Alloy 302
annealed 193 27.97
Cold rolled 193 27.97
Alloy 316
annealed 193 27.97
soft tempered 193 27.97
Alloy 405
Cold rolled 200 28.99
Annealed 200 28.99
Alloy 434
Annealed 200 28.99
Alloy 660
Cold rolled 200 28.99
Alloy 17-7PH
cold rolled 204 29.57
Cast Irons
 Gray Cast Irons (as cast)
ASTM class 20 83 12.03
ASTM class 35 114 16.52
Ductile Cast Irons
grade 60-40-18 169 24.49
grade 120-90-02 164 23.77
Aluminum Alloys
Alloy 2024
Annealed 73 10.58
T3 Temper 73 10.58
T6 Temper 72 10.43
Alloy 6061
Annealed 69 10.00
T4 Temper 69 10.00
T6 Temper 69 10.00
Alloy 7075
Annealed 72 10.43
T6 Temper 72 10.43
Copper Alloys
Electrolytic tough pitch Copper,
(C11000)
Cold Worked 122 17.68
Berillium Copper, (C17000)
TH04 Temper 115 16.67
TH01 Temper 115 16.67
Cartridge Brass, (C26000)
H00 Temper 110 15.94
H04 Temper 110 15.94
Muntz metal, (C28000)
H00 Temper 105 15.22
H02 Temper 105 15.22
Free-Cutting Brass, (C36000)
H01 Temper 97 14.06
H02 Temper 97 14.06
Chromium Copper, (C18500)
TH04 Temper 130 18.84
TH04 Temper 130 18.84
90-10 Bronze, (C22000)
H01 Temper 115 16.67
H04 Temper 115 16.67
Magnesium Alloys
Alloy AZ31B
Annealed 45 6.52
Hard rolled 45 6.52
Alloy AZ63
F Temper 45 6.52
T6 Temper 45 6.52
Alloy AZ91E
 F Temper 45 6.52
T4 Temper 45 6.52
Nickel Alloys
Nickel-Commercially Pure
As Cast 207 30.00
Annealed 207 30.00
Nickel Silver 65-18 (752)
annealed 124 17.97
hardened 124 17.97
Cupronickel 30(715)
annealed 152 22.03
hardened 152 22.03
Titanium Alloys
Titanium-Commercially Pure
As cast 116 16.81
AlloyTi-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo
as-rolled 117 16.96
Annealed 115 16.67
Miscellaneous Alloys
kovar Alloy 138 20.00
Invar
Alloy 32-5 (Cold drawn) 145 21.01
Alloy 36 Alloy (Cold
148 21.45
Drawn)
Haynes 25
cold rolled and annealed 225 32.61
hot rolled and annealed 225 32.61
Co-Cr-Ni Alloy 190 27.54
INCONEL (Cold Rolled) 210 30.43
INCOLOY 903 147 21.30
INCONEL 725 (Annealed) 204 29.57
Berylium S-200 303 43.91
Tungsten 400 57.97
Tantalum 186 26.96
Zinc 97 14.06
Noble Metals
Gold 77 11.16
Iridium 524 75.94
Silver 76 11.01
Platinum, Annealed 1711 247.97
Polymers
Epoxies
Epoxy (Unreinforced) 2.25 0.33
Nylon 66 Unreinforced 2.1 0.30
Phenolic (Unreinforced) 7 1.01
Polybutylene terepthalate (PBT) 12 1.74
Polycarbonate (PC)
 Molded 2.3 0.33
Conductive 5 0.72
Polyester (Rigid) 3.5 0.51
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
Glass Fiber Filled 21 3.04
Carbon Fiber Filled 11 1.59
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
Unreinforced 2.7 0.39
30% Glass Reinforced 10 1.45
Polyethylene (Molded)
Low Density 0.25 0.04
Medium Density 0.5 0.07
High Density 0.9 0.13
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
Molded 2.4 0.35
40% Glass Fiber Filled 9 1.30
40% Carbon Fiber Filled 22 3.19
Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)
Unreinforced 2.9 0.42
Glass Fiber Reinforced 9.2 1.33
Polypropylene (PP) 0.00
Unreinforced 2.25 0.33
10% Glass Fiber Filled 3.75 0.54
10% Carbon Fiber filled 4.75 0.69
Polystyrene 3.25 0.47
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 0.6 0.09
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Unreinforced 3.1 0.45
30% Glass Fiber
5 0.72
Reinforced
Styrene Acrylonitrile 3.7 0.54
Cellulose Acetate 1.7 0.25
Acrylonitrile 3.6 0.52
Polyacetal 2.4 0.35
Polyphenylene Sulfide Molded 3.5 0.51
Polysulfone 2.6 0.38
Ceramics, Graphite and Semiconducting Materials
Aluminum Oxide
99.9% Alumina 370 53.62
95% Alumina 282 40.87
Diamond
Natural 950 137.68
Synthetic 865 125.36
Gallium Arsenide 85.5 12.39
Glass
Borosilicate Glass 62 8.99
Silica Glass 68 9.86
Silicon Carbide
sintered 410 59.42
 sublimed 467 67.68
Silicon Nitride 290 42.03
Titanium Carbide 450 65.22
Tungsten Carbide 682 98.84
Zirconium Carbide 395 57.25
Alumina 96% 300 43.48
Boron Nitride 69 10.00
Fibers
E-Glass Fiber Generic 72 10.43
C-Glass Fiber Generic 69 10.00
Carbon Fiber Precursor 290 42.03
Composite Materials
Epoxy/Glass SMC 55 7.97
Epoxy/Carbon Fiber Composite 225 32.61
Polycarbonate Aramid Fiber Reinforced 3.5 0.51
Aramid Fiber reinforced Nylon 6/6 9 1.30
polycarbonate, carbon Fiber Reinforced 13 1.88
Plolycarbonate, carbon+Glass Fiber Reinforced 10 1.45
Wood
American Red Maple Wood 11.3 1.64
American red Gum Wood 11.31 1.64
American Alaska Cedar Wood 7.89 1.14
American Redwood Wood 9.24 1.34
American Red Oak Wood 12.5 1.81
White Oak Wood 12.6 1.83
6. Room temperature poisson’s ratio

Materials
Poisson's
Ratio
Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels
Alloy 1006
cold drawn 0.29
hot rolled 0.29
Alloy 1020
cold rolled 0.29
annealed 0.29
Alloy 1040
Cold drawn 0.29
annealed 0.29
Alloy 1090
annealed 0.29
hot rolled 0.29
Alloy 4027
annealed 0.29
normalized 0.29
Alloy 4140
annealed 0.29
normalized 0.29
Alloy 4340
annealed 0.29
normalized 0.29
Alloy 5140
annealed 0.29
normalized 0.29
Stainless Steels
Alloy 302
annealed 0.25
Cold rolled 0.25
Alloy 316
annealed 0.27
soft tempered 0.27
Alloy 405
Cold rolled 0.27
Annealed 0.27
Alloy 434
Annealed 0.27
Alloy 660
Cold rolled 0.27
Alloy 17-7PH
cold rolled 0.27
 Cast Irons
Gray Cast Irons (as cast)
ASTM class 20 0.29
ASTM class 35 0.29
Ductile Cast Irons
grade 60-40-18 0.29
grade 120-90-02 0.28
Aluminum Alloys
Alloy 2024
Annealed 0.33
T3 Temper 0.33
T6 Temper 0.33
Alloy 6061
Annealed 0.33
T4 Temper 0.33
T6 Temper 0.33
Alloy 7075
Annealed 0.33
T6 Temper 0.33
Copper Alloys
Electrolytic tough pitch Copper, (C11000)
Cold Worked 0.33
Berillium Copper, (C17000)
TH04 Temper 0.3
TH01 Temper 0.3
Cartridge Brass, (C26000)
H00 Temper 0.375
H04 Temper 0.375
Muntz metal, (C28000)
H00 Temper 0.346
H02 Temper 0.346
Free-Cutting Brass, (C36000)
H01 Temper 0.311
H02 Temper 0.311
Chromium Copper, (C18500)
TH04 Temper 0.3
TH04 Temper 0.3
90-10 Bronze, (C22000)
H01 Temper 0.307
H04 Temper 0.307
Magnesium Alloys
Alloy AZ31B
Annealed 0.35
Hard rolled 0.35
Alloy AZ63
F Temper 0.35
T6 Temper 0.35
 Alloy AZ91E
F Temper 0.35
T4 Temper 0.35
Nickel Alloys
Nickel-Commercially Pure
As Cast 0.31
Annealed 0.31
Nickel Silver 65-18 (752)
annealed 0.33
hardened 0.33
Cupronickel 30(715)
annealed 0.33
hardened 0.33
Titanium Alloys
Titanium-Commercially Pure
As cast 0.34
AlloyTi-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo
as-rolled 0.31
Annealed 0.31
Miscellaneous Alloys
kovar Alloy 0.317
Invar
Alloy 32-5 (Cold drawn) 0.23
Alloy 36 Alloy (Cold Drawn) 0.23
Haynes 25
cold rolled and annealed 0.24
hot rolled and annealed 0.24
Co-Cr-Ni Alloy 0.226
INCONEL (Cold Rolled) 0.382
INCOLOY 903 0.239
INCONEL 725 (Annealed) 0.31
Berylium S-200 0.14
Tungsten 0.28
Tantalum 0.35
Zinc 0.25
Noble Metals
Gold 0.42
Iridium 0.26
Silver 0.39
Platinum, Annealed 0.39
Polymers
Nylon 66 Unreinforced 0.39
Polycarbonate (PC)
Molded 0.36
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
Glass Fiber Filled 0.45
Carbon Fiber Filled 0.44
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
30% Glass Reinforced 0.4
Polyethylene (Molded)
Low Density 0.38
Polystyrene 0.33
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 0.46
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Unreinforced 0.38
30% Glass Fiber Reinforced 0.41
Polyacetal 0.35
Ceramics, Graphite and Semiconducting Materials
Aluminum Oxide
99.9% Alumina 0.22
Diamond
Natural 0.18
Synthetic 0.2
Glass
Silica Glass 0.19
Silicon Carbide
sintered 0.14
Silicon Nitride 0.25
Titanium Carbide 0.18
Zirconium Carbide 0.19
Alumina 96% 0.22
Fibers
E-Glass Fiber Generic 0.2
C-Glass Fiber Generic 0.276
Composite Materials
Epoxy/Glass SMC 0.36
Epoxy/Carbon Fiber Composite 0.34
Wood
American Red Maple Wood 0.04
American Redwood Wood 0.36
American Red Oak Wood 0.33
White Oak Wood 0.036
7. Room temperature percent elongation at break

Materials
%Elongation
at break
Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels
Alloy 1006
cold drawn 20
hot rolled 30
Alloy 1020
cold rolled 15
annealed 36.5
Alloy 1040
Cold drawn 12
annealed 30
Alloy 1090
annealed 10
hot rolled 10
Alloy 4027
annealed 30
normalized 25.8
Alloy 4140
annealed 25.7
normalized 17.7
Alloy 4340
annealed 22
normalized 12.2
Alloy 5140
annealed 28.6
normalized 22.7
Stainless Steels
Alloy 302
annealed 55
Cold rolled 57
Alloy 316
annealed 50
soft tempered 50
Alloy 405
Cold rolled 30
Annealed 30
Alloy 434
Annealed 25
Alloy 660
Cold rolled 25
 Alloy 17-7PH
cold rolled 1
Cast Irons
Ductile Cast Irons
grade 60-40-18 15
grade 120-90-02 1.5
Aluminum Alloys
Alloy 2024
T3 Temper 18
T6 Temper 5
Alloy 6061
Annealed 25
T4 Temper 22
T6 Temper 12
Alloy 7075
Annealed 16
T6 Temper 11
Copper Alloys
Electrolytic tough pitch Copper,
(C11000)
Cold Worked 12
Berillium Copper, (C17000)
TH04 Temper 2.5
TH01 Temper 4.5
Cartridge Brass, (C26000)
H00 Temper 35
H04 Temper 8
Muntz metal, (C28000)
H00 Temper 30
H02 Temper 10
Free-Cutting Brass, (C36000)
H01 Temper 20
H02 Temper 25
Chromium Copper, (C18500)
TH04 Temper 16
TH04 Temper 26
90-10 Bronze, (C22000)
H01 Temper 25
H04 Temper 5
Magnesium Alloys
Alloy AZ31B
Annealed 21
Hard rolled 15
Alloy AZ63
F Temper 6
T6 Temper 5
Alloy AZ91E
 F Temper 2.5
T4 Temper 15
Nickel Alloys
Nickel-Commercially Pure
As Cast 30
Nickel Silver 65-18 (752)
annealed 35
hardened 3
Cupronickel 30(715)
annealed 45
hardened 15
Titanium Alloys
Titanium-Commercially Pure
As cast 54
AlloyTi-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo
as-rolled 10
Annealed 11
Miscellaneous Alloys
Invar
Alloy 32-5 (Cold drawn) 40
Alloy 36 Alloy (Cold Drawn) 20
Haynes 25
cold rolled and annealed 51
hot rolled and annealed 60
Biodur
Hot Worlked 22
Annealed 25
Co-Cr-Ni Alloy 38
INCONEL (Cold Rolled) 47
INCOLOY 903 14
INCONEL 725 (Annealed) 57
Berylium S-200 10
Noble Metals
Gold 30
Iridium 20
Silver 46
Platinum, Annealed 35
Polymers
Elastomers
Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) 500
Natural Rubber (Not Vulcanized) 500
Nitrile Rubber 320
Epoxies
Epoxy (Unreinforced) 5
Nylon 66 Unreinforced 152
Phenolic (Unreinforced) 1.3
 Polybutylene terepthalate (PBT) 148
Polycarbonate (PC)
Molded 62
Conductive 6
Polyester (Rigid) 2.4
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
Glass Fiber Filled 3
Carbon Fiber Filled 2
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
Unreinforced 200
30% Glass Reinforced 3.8
Polyethylene (Molded)
Low Density 350
Medium Density 550
High Density 750
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
Molded 55
40% Glass Fiber Filled 1.5
40% Carbon Fiber Filled 1.25
Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)
Unreinforced 15
Glass Fiber Reinforced 7.8
Polypropylene (PP)
Unreinforced 427
10% Glass Fiber Filled 250
10% Carbon Fiber filled 9
Polystyrene 22.5
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 325
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Unreinforced 62
30% Glass Fiber Reinforced 2.5
Styrene Acrylonitrile 3.8
Cellulose Acetate 35
Acrylonitrile 3.5
Polyacetal 105
Polyphenylene Sulfide Molded 3
Polysulfone 42.5
Fibers
E-Glass Fiber Generic 4.8
C-Glass Fiber Generic 4.8
Carbon Fiber Precursor 1.8
Composite Materials
Epoxy/Glass SMC 0.49
Polycarbonate Aramid Fiber Reinforced 6.2
Aramid Fiber reinforced Nylon 6/6 1.6
polycarbonate, carbon Fiber Reinforced 4.5
Plolycarbonate, carbon+Glass Fiber
2.75
Reinforced
8. Room temperature percent reduction in area

%Reduction of
Materials area

Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels

Alloy 1006
cold drawn 45
hot rolled 55
Alloy 1020
cold rolled 40
annealed 66
Alloy 1040
Cold drawn 35
annealed 57
Alloy 1090
annealed 40
hot rolled 25
Alloy 4027
annealed 52.9
normalized 60.2
Alloy 4140
annealed 56.9
normalized 46.8
Alloy 4340
annealed 50
normalized 36.3
Alloy 5140
annealed 59.2
normalized 57.3
Stainless Steels
Alloy 660
Cold rolled 36.8
Copper Alloys
Free-Cutting Brass,
50
(C36000)
Titanium Alloys
AlloyTi-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo
as-rolled 28
Annealed 30
Miscellaneous Alloys
Alloy 36 Alloy (Cold
60
Drawn)
Biodur
Hot Worlked 68
Annealed 23
9. Room temperature Izod impact strength

Materials Izod Impact

J Ft-lb
Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels
annealed 125 92.225
Alloy 1040
Cold drawn 49 36.1522
annealed 45 33.201
Alloy 1090
hot rolled 4 2.9512
Alloy 4140
annealed 62 45.7436
normalized 87 64.1886
Alloy 4340
annealed 51 37.6278
normalized 16 11.8048
Alloy 5140
annealed 41 30.2498
Stainless Steels
Alloy 302
annealed 136 100.3408
Alloy 316
annealed 129 95.1762
Alloy 405
Cold rolled 41 30.2498
Annealed 41 30.2498
Polymers
Epoxies
Epoxy (Unreinforced) 0.3 0.22134
Nylon 66 Unreinforced 7 5.1646
Phenolic (Unreinforced) 0.18 0.132804
Polybutylene terepthalate (PBT) 0.27 0.199206
Polycarbonate (PC)
Molded 4.78 3.526684
Conductive 0.52 0.383656
Polyester (Rigid) 0.22 0.162316
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
Glass Fiber Filled 1.1 0.81158
Carbon Fiber Filled 0.12 0.088536
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
Unreinforced 1.4 1.03292
30% Glass Reinforced 1.1 0.81158
Polyethylene (Molded)
Low Density 1.068 0.7879704
Medium Density 4.8 3.54144
 High Density 4.01 2.958578
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
(ABS)
Molded 3.2 2.36096
40% Glass Fiber Filled 0.63 0.464814
40% Carbon Fiber Filled 0.5 0.3689
Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)
Unreinforced 0.16 0.118048
Glass Fiber Reinforced 0.45 0.33201
Polypropylene (PP)
Unreinforced 0.16 0.118048
10% Glass Fiber Filled 1.12 0.826336
10% Carbon Fiber filled 0.8 0.59024
Polystyrene 0.18 0.132804
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 1.6 1.18048
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Unreinforced 5.3 3.91034
30% Glass Fiber
0.8 0.59024
Reinforced
Styrene Acrylonitrile 0.17 0.125426
Cellulose Acetate 2.42 1.785476
Acrylonitrile 2.7 1.99206
Polyacetal 5.2 3.83656
Polyphenylene Sulfide Molded 1.25 0.92225
Polysulfone 0.8 0.59024
Composite Materials
Epoxy/Glass SMC 14.1 10.40298
Polycarbonate Aramid Fiber Reinforced 0.6 0.44268
Aramid Fiber reinforced Nylon 6/6 1.44 1.062432
polycarbonate, carbon Fiber Reinforced 1.26 0.929628
Plolycarbonate, carbon+Glass Fiber Reinforced 1.22 0.900116
30% Glass Fiber reinforced Clear Polycarbonate 1.6 1.18048
10. Room temperature fracture toughness

Materials Fracture Toughness

Mpa(m)^0.5 Ksi(in)^0.5
Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels
Alloy 1040
Cold drawn 54 48.6
Alloy 4140
normalized 60 54
Alloy 4340
normalized 55 49.5
Aluminum Alloys
Alloy 2024
T3 Temper 44 39.6
Alloy 6061
T6 Temper 29 26.1
Alloy 7075
T6 Temper 25 22.5
Polymers
Epoxies
Epoxy (Unreinforced) 0.6 0.54
Nylon 66 Unreinforced 2.8 2.52
Polycarbonate (PC)
Molded 3.1 2.79
Polyester (Rigid) 0.6 0.54
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
Unreinforced 5 4.5
Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)
Unreinforced 1.2 1.08
Polypropylene (PP)
Unreinforced 3.7 3.33
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Unreinforced 2.3 2.07
Ceramics, Graphite and Semiconducting
Materials
Aluminum Oxide
99.9% Alumina 4.5 4.05
95% Alumina 3.6 3.24
Concrete 0.9 0.81
Diamond
Natural 6.5 5.85
Synthetic 8 7.2
Glass
Borosilicate Glass 0.8 0.72
 Silica Glass 0.7 0.63
Fused Silica 0.8 0.72
Silicon Carbide
sintered 3.4 3.06
sublimed 4 3.6
Silicon Nitride 4.5 4.05
Zirconia 10 9
Tungsten Carbide 6 5.4
11. Room temperature electrical resistivity

Electrical
Materials Resistivity
Ohm-cm
Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels
Alloy 1006
cold drawn 1.74E-05
hot rolled 1.74E-05
Alloy 1020
cold rolled 1.59E-05
annealed 1.59E-05
Alloy 1040
Cold drawn 1.71E-05
annealed 1.71E-05
Alloy 1090
annealed 1.74E-05
hot rolled 1.74E-05
Alloy 4027
annealed 2.45E-05
normalized 2.45E-05
Alloy 4140
annealed 2.20E-05
normalized 2.20E-05
Alloy 4340
annealed 2.48E-05
normalized 2.48E-05
Alloy 5140
annealed 2.28E-05
normalized 2.28E-05
Stainless Steels
Alloy 302
annealed 7.20E-05
Cold rolled 7.20E-05
Alloy 316
annealed 7.40E-05
soft tempered 7.40E-05
Alloy 405
Cold rolled 6.00E-05
Annealed 6.00E-05
Alloy 434
Annealed 6.00E-05
Alloy 17-7PH
cold rolled 8.30E-05
Cast Irons
Gray Cast Irons (as cast)
 ASTM class 20 8.00E-05
ASTM class 35 8.00E-05
Ductile Cast Irons
grade 60-40-18 6.00E-05
grade 120-90-02 6.00E-05
Aluminum Alloys
Alloy 2024
Annealed 3.49E-06
T3 Temper 5.82E-06
T6 Temper 4.49E-06
Alloy 6061
Annealed 3.66E-06
T4 Temper 4.32E-06
T6 Temper 3.99E-06
Alloy 7075
Annealed 3.80E-06
T6 Temper 5.50E-06
Copper Alloys
Electrolytic tough pitch Copper,
(C11000)
Cold Worked 1.70E-06
Berillium Copper, (C17000)
TH04 Temper 6.90E-06
TH01 Temper 6.90E-06
Cartridge Brass, (C26000)
H00 Temper 6.20E-06
H04 Temper 6.20E-06
Muntz metal, (C28000)
H00 Temper 6.16E-06
H02 Temper 6.16E-06
Free-Cutting Brass, (C36000)
H01 Temper 6.60E-06
H02 Temper 6.60E-06
Chromium Copper, (C18500)
TH04 Temper 2.16E-06
TH04 Temper 2.16E-06
90-10 Bronze, (C22000)
H01 Temper 2.72E-06
H04 Temper 2.72E-06
Magnesium Alloys
Alloy AZ31B
Annealed 9.20E-06
Hard rolled 9.20E-06
Alloy AZ63
F Temper 1.15E-05
T6 Temper 1.18E-05
Alloy AZ91E
F Temper 1.43E-05
 T4 Temper 1.70E-05
Nickel Alloys
Nickel-Commercially Pure
As Cast 6.40E-06
Annealed 6.40E-06
Nickel Silver 65-18 (752)
annealed 2.90E-05
hardened 2.90E-05
Cupronickel 30(715)
annealed 3.75E-05
hardened 3.75E-05
Titanium Alloys
Titanium-Commercially Pure
As cast 5.54E-05
AlloyTi-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo
as-rolled 0.00016
Annealed 0.00016
Miscellaneous Alloys
kovar Alloy 4.90E-05
Invar
Alloy 32-5 (Cold drawn) 8.00E-05
Alloy 36 Alloy (Cold Drawn) 8.20E-05
Haynes 25
cold rolled and annealed 8.86E-05
hot rolled and annealed 8.86E-05
Biodur
Hot Worlked 7.40E-05
Annealed 7.40E-05
Co-Cr-Ni Alloy 9.96E-05
INCONEL (Cold Rolled) 9.85E-05
INCOLOY 903 6.10E-05
INCONEL 725 (Annealed) 1.30E-04
Berylium S-200 4.30E-06
Tungsten 5.65E-06
Tantalum 1.24E-05
Zinc 5.92E-06
Noble Metals
Gold 2.20E-06
Iridium 4.70E-06
Silver 1.55E-06
Platinum, Annealed 1.06E-05
Polymers
Elastomers
Styrene Butadiene Rubber
1.00E+15
(SBR)
Natural Rubber (Not Vulcanized) 1.00E+15
Nitrile Rubber 1.00E+16
 Epoxies
Epoxy (Unreinforced) 1.00E+15
Nylon 66 Unreinforced 1.00E+12
Phenolic (Unreinforced) 3.42E+11
Polybutylene terepthalate (PBT) 1.00E+14
Polycarbonate (PC)
Molded 1.00E+15
Conductive 1.00E+14
Polyester (Rigid) 1.00E+14
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
Glass Fiber Filled 1.00E+15
Carbon Fiber Filled 1.00E+09
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
Unreinforced 2.00E+15
30% Glass Reinforced 1.00E+15
Polyethylene (Molded)
Low Density 1.00E+15
Medium Density 1.00E+15
High Density 1.00E+06
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
Molded 1.00E+14
40% Glass Fiber Filled 1.00E+15
40% Carbon Fiber Filled 5.00E+04
Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)
Unreinforced 1.00E+14
Glass Fiber Reinforced 1.00E+16
Polypropylene (PP)
Unreinforced 1.00E+14
10% Glass Fiber Filled 1.00E+15
10% Carbon Fiber filled 5.00E+04
Polystyrene 1.00E+15
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 1.00E+11
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Unreinforced 6.00E+14
Styrene Acrylonitrile 1.00E+15
Cellulose Acetate 1.00E+12
Polyacetal 1.00E+14
Polyphenylene Sulfide Molded 1.00E+15
Polysulfone 1.00E+15
Ceramics, Graphite and Semiconducting Materials
Aluminum Oxide
99.9% Alumina 1.00E+14
95% Alumina 1.00E+16
Diamond
Natural 1.00E+15
Gallium Arsenide 1.00E+07
Glass
Borosilicate Glass 1.00E+16
 Silica Glass 5.00E+09
Graphite Carbon 6.00E-03
Fused Silica 2.00E+14
Silicon Carbide
sintered 1.00E+00
Silicon Nitride 1.00E+11
Zirconia 1.00E+09
Titanium Carbide 0.00018
Tungsten Carbide 5.30E-04
Zirconium Carbide 5.00E-05
Alumina 96% 1.00E+14
Boron Nitride 1.00E+13
Fibers
E-Glass Fiber Generic 4.02E+12
C-Glass Fiber Generic 4.00E+10
Carbon Fiber Precursor 1.45E-03
Composite Materials
Epoxy/Glass SMC 3.00E+14
Polycarbonate Aramid Fiber Reinforced 1.00E+16
polycarbonate, carbon Fiber Reinforced 1.00E+10
Plolycarbonate, carbon+Glass Fiber Reinforced 1.00E+06
30% Glass Fiber reinforced Clear Polycarbonate 1.00E+16
12. Room temperature thermal conductivity

Thermal
conductivity
Materials W/m-K Btu/ft-h-F

Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels

Alloy 1006
cold drawn 51.9 30.00
hot rolled 51.9 30.00
Alloy 1020
cold rolled 51.9 30.00
annealed 51.9 30.00
Alloy 1040
Cold drawn 51.9 30.00
annealed 51.9 30.00
Alloy 1090
annealed 49.8 28.79
hot rolled 51.9 30.00
Alloy 4027
normalized 44.5 25.72
Alloy 4140
annealed 42.6 24.62
normalized 42.6 24.62
Alloy 4340
annealed 44.5 25.72
normalized 44.5 25.72
Alloy 5140
annealed 44.6 25.78
normalized 44.6 25.78
Stainless Steels
Alloy 302
annealed 16.2 9.36
Cold rolled 16.2 9.36
Alloy 316
annealed 16.3 9.42
soft tempered 16.3 9.42
Alloy 405
Cold rolled 27 15.61
Annealed 27 15.61
Alloy 434
Annealed 26.1 15.09
Alloy 660
Cold rolled 12.6 7.28
Alloy 17-7PH
cold rolled 16.4 9.48
 Cast Irons
Gray Cast Irons (as cast)
ASTM class 20 50 28.90
ASTM class 35 50 28.90
Ductile Cast Irons
grade 60-40-18 36 20.81
grade 120-90-02 36 20.81
Aluminum Alloys
Alloy 2024
Annealed 193 111.56
T3 Temper 121 69.94
T6 Temper 151 87.28
Alloy 6061
Annealed 180 104.05
T4 Temper 154 89.02
T6 Temper 167 96.53
Alloy 7075
Annealed 173 100.00
T6 Temper 130 75.14
Copper Alloys
Electrolytic tough pitch Copper, (C11000)
Cold Worked 388 224.28
Berillium Copper, (C17000)
TH04 Temper 118 68.21
TH01 Temper 118 68.21
Cartridge Brass, (C26000)
H00 Temper 120 69.36
H04 Temper 120 69.36
Muntz metal, (C28000)
H00 Temper 123 71.10
H02 Temper 123 71.10
Free-Cutting Brass, (C36000)
H01 Temper 115 66.47
H02 Temper 115 66.47
90-10 Bronze, (C22000)
H01 Temper 189 109.25
H04 Temper 189 109.25
Magnesium Alloys
Alloy AZ31B
Annealed 96 55.49
Hard rolled 96 55.49
Alloy AZ63
F Temper 59.2 34.22
T6 Temper 61 35.26
Alloy AZ91E
F Temper 72.7 42.02
T4 Temper 72.7 42.02
 Nickel Alloys
Nickel-Commercially Pure
As Cast 60.7 35.09
Annealed 60.7 35.09
Titanium Alloys
Titanium-Commercially Pure
As cast 17 9.83
AlloyTi-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo
as-rolled 6.4 3.70
Annealed 6.4 3.70
Miscellaneous Alloys
kovar Alloy 17.3 10.00
Invar
Alloy 36 Alloy (Cold Drawn) 10.15 5.87
Haynes 25
cold rolled and annealed 9.4 5.43
hot rolled and annealed 9.4 5.43
Biodur
Hot Worlked 12.766 7.38
Annealed 12.66 7.32
Co-Cr-Ni Alloy 12.5 7.23
INCONEL (Cold Rolled) 12.5 7.23
INCOLOY 903 16.7 9.65
Berylium S-200 216 124.86
Tungsten 163.3 94.39
Tantalum 59.4 34.34
Zinc 112.2 64.86
Noble Metals
Gold 301 173.99
Iridium 147 84.97
Silver 419 242.20
Platinum, Annealed 69.1 39.94
Polymers
Elastomers
Natural Rubber (Not
0.14 0.08
Vulcanized)
Epoxies
Epoxy (Unreinforced) 0.2 0.12
Nylon 66 Unreinforced 0.26 0.15
Phenolic (Unreinforced) 0.56 0.32
Polybutylene terepthalate (PBT) 0.2 0.12
Polycarbonate (PC)
Molded 0.2 0.12
Polyester (Rigid) 0.17 0.10
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
Glass Fiber Filled 0.33 0.19
Carbon Fiber Filled 0.6 0.35
 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
Unreinforced 0.2 0.11
30% Glass Reinforced 0.29 0.17
Polyethylene (Molded) 0.00
Low Density 0.3 0.17
Medium Density 0.35 0.20
High Density 0.35 0.20
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
Molded 0.158 0.09
40% Glass Fiber Filled 0.23 0.13
40% Carbon Fiber Filled 0.55 0.32
Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)
Unreinforced 0.22 0.13
Polypropylene (PP)
Unreinforced 0.12 0.07
10% Glass Fiber Filled 0.24 0.14
Polystyrene 0.16 0.09
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 0.3 0.17
Styrene Acrylonitrile 0.163 0.09
Cellulose Acetate 0.25 0.14
Acrylonitrile 0.225 0.13
Polyacetal 0.31 0.18
Polyphenylene Sulfide Molded 0.31 0.18
Polysulfone 0.18 0.10
Ceramics, Graphite and Semiconducting Materials
Aluminum Oxide
99.9% Alumina 30 17.34
95% Alumina 20 11.56
Concrete 0.51 0.29
Diamond
Natural 2000 1156.07
Synthetic 2000 1156.07
Gallium Arsenide 50 28.90
Glass
Borosilicate Glass 1.1 0.64
Silica Glass 1.38 0.80
Graphite Carbon 24 13.87
Fused Silica 0.8 0.46
Silicon Carbide
sintered 125.6 72.60
sublimed 110 63.58
Zirconia 1.675 0.97
Alumina 96% 25 14.45
Fibers
E-Glass Fiber Generic 1.3 0.75
C-Glass Fiber Generic 1.1 0.64
Carbon Fiber Precursor 15 8.67
Composite Materials
 Epoxy/Glass SMC 0.47 0.27
Epoxy/Carbon Fiber Composite 200 115.61
Polycarbonate Aramid Fiber Reinforced 0.22 0.13
polycarbonate, carbon Fiber Reinforced 0.62 0.36
13. Room temperature coefficient of thermal expansion

Coefficient of
Materials thermal
expansion
1E-6 / 1E-6 /
K F
Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels
Alloy 1006
cold drawn 12.6 7.01
hot rolled 12.6 7.01
Alloy 1020
cold rolled 11.7 6.51
annealed 11.7 6.51
Alloy 1040
Cold drawn 11.3 6.29
annealed 11.3 6.29
Alloy 1090
hot rolled 11.5 6.40
Alloy 4140
annealed 12.2 6.79
normalized 12.2 6.79
Alloy 4340
annealed 12.3 6.84
normalized 12.3 6.84
Alloy 5140
annealed 12.6 7.01
normalized 12.6 7.01
Stainless Steels
Alloy 302
annealed 17.2 9.57
Cold rolled 17.2 9.57
Alloy 316
annealed 16 8.90
soft tempered 16 8.90
Alloy 405
Cold rolled 10.8 6.01
Annealed 10.8 6.01
Alloy 434
Annealed 10.4 5.79
Alloy 660
Cold rolled 16.9 9.40
Alloy 17-7PH
cold rolled 11 6.12
Cast Irons
Gray Cast Irons (as cast)
ASTM class 20 13.5 7.51
 ASTM class 35 13.5 7.51
Ductile Cast Irons
grade 60-40-18 13 7.23
grade 120-90-02 13 7.23
Aluminum Alloys
Alloy 2024
Annealed 23.2 12.91
T3 Temper 23.2 12.91
T6 Temper 23.2 12.91
Alloy 6061
Annealed 23.6 13.13
T4 Temper 23.6 13.13
T6 Temper 23.6 13.13
Alloy 7075
Annealed 23.6 13.13
T6 Temper 23.6 13.13
Copper Alloys
Electrolytic tough pitch Copper,
(C11000)
Cold Worked 17 9.46
Berillium Copper, (C17000)
TH04 Temper 16.7 9.29
TH01 Temper 16.7 9.29
Cartridge Brass, (C26000)
H00 Temper 19.9 11.07
H04 Temper 19.9 11.07
Muntz metal, (C28000)
H00 Temper 20.8 11.57
H02 Temper 20.8 11.57
Free-Cutting Brass, (C36000)
H01 Temper 20.5 11.41
H02 Temper 20.5 11.41
Chromium Copper, (C18500)
TH04 Temper 17.6 9.79
TH04 Temper 17.6 9.79
90-10 Bronze, (C22000)
H01 Temper 18.4 10.24
H04 Temper 18.4 10.24
Magnesium Alloys
Alloy AZ31B
Annealed 26 14.47
Hard rolled 26 14.47
Alloy AZ63
F Temper 26.1 14.52
T6 Temper 26.1 14.52
Alloy AZ91E
F Temper 26 14.47
T4 Temper 26 14.47
 Nickel Alloys
Nickel-Commercially Pure
As Cast 13.1 7.29
Annealed 13.1 7.29
Nickel Silver 65-18 (752)
annealed 17 9.46
hardened 17 9.46
Cupronickel 30(715)
annealed 15.5 8.62
hardened 15.5 8.62
Titanium Alloys
Titanium-Commercially Pure
As cast 8.9 4.95
AlloyTi-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo 0.00
as-rolled 9.2 5.12
Annealed 9.2 5.12
Miscellaneous Alloys
kovar Alloy 5.86 3.26
Invar
Alloy 32-5 (Cold drawn) 0.194 0.11
Alloy 36 Alloy (Cold Drawn) 1.3 0.72
Haynes 25
cold rolled and annealed 12.3 6.84
hot rolled and annealed 12.3 6.84
Biodur
Hot Worlked 12.791 7.12
Annealed 13.18 7.33
Co-Cr-Ni Alloy 15.17 8.44
INCONEL (Cold Rolled) 13.46 7.49
INCOLOY 903 7.65 4.26
INCONEL 725 (Annealed) 13 7.23
Berylium S-200 11.5 6.40
Tungsten 4.4 2.45
Tantalum 6.5 3.62
Zinc 31.2 17.36
Noble Metals
Gold 14.4 8.01
Iridium 6.8 3.78
Silver 19.6 10.91
Platinum, Annealed 9.1 5.06
Polymers
Elastomers
Natural Rubber (Not
666 370.56
Vulcanized)
Nitrile Rubber 702 390.59
Epoxies
Epoxy (Unreinforced) 100 55.64
 Nylon 66 Unreinforced 105 58.42
Phenolic (Unreinforced) 77 42.84
Polybutylene terepthalate (PBT) 97 53.97
Polycarbonate (PC)
Molded 77 42.84
Conductive 59 32.83
Polyester (Rigid) 135 75.11
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
Glass Fiber Filled 25 13.91
Carbon Fiber Filled 21 11.68
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
Unreinforced 83 46.18
30% Glass Reinforced 25 13.91
Polyethylene (Molded)
Low Density 130 72.33
Medium Density 27 15.02
High Density 112 62.32
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
Molded 107 59.53
40% Glass Fiber Filled 23 12.80
40% Carbon Fiber Filled 22 12.24
Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)
Unreinforced 95 52.86
Polypropylene (PP)
Unreinforced 105 58.42
10% Glass Fiber Filled 51 28.38
Polystyrene 87 48.41
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 119 66.21
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Unreinforced 50 27.82
30% Glass Fiber Reinforced 21 11.68
Styrene Acrylonitrile 65 36.17
Cellulose Acetate 159 88.47
Acrylonitrile 66 36.72
Polyacetal 135 75.11
Polyphenylene Sulfide Molded 32 17.80
Polysulfone 77 42.84
Ceramics, Graphite and Semiconducting Materials
Aluminum Oxide
99.9% Alumina 7.4 4.12
95% Alumina 6.2 3.45
Diamond
Natural 1.18 0.66
Gallium Arsenide 5.4 3.00
Glass
Borosilicate Glass 4 2.23
Silica Glass 0.75 0.42
Graphite Carbon 2.4 1.34
 Fused Silica 0.6 0.33
Silicon Carbide
sublimed 4.62 2.57
Silicon Nitride 2.8 1.56
Zirconia 12 6.68
Titanium Carbide 7.7 4.28
Tungsten Carbide 5.2 2.89
Alumina 96% 6.4 3.56
Fibers
E-Glass Fiber Generic 5 2.78
C-Glass Fiber Generic 6.3 3.51
Carbon Fiber Precursor -0.75 -0.42
Composite Materials
Epoxy/Glass SMC 3.6 2.00
Epoxy/Carbon Fiber Composite 12 6.68
Polycarbonate Aramid Fiber Reinforced 38 21.14
polycarbonate, carbon Fiber Reinforced 22 12.24
Plolycarbonate, carbon+Glass Fiber Reinforced 36 20.03
Wood
American Red Oak Wood 11.1 6.18
White Oak Wood 11.1 6.18
14. Room temperature specific heat capacity

Specific Heat
Materials Cpacity
J/g-K Btu/lb-F
Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels
Alloy 1006
cold drawn 0.481 0.11544
hot rolled 0.481 0.11544
Alloy 1020
cold rolled 0.486 0.11664
annealed 0.486 0.11664
Alloy 1040
Cold drawn 0.486 0.11664
annealed 0.486 0.11664
Alloy 1090
annealed 0.472 0.11328
hot rolled 0.472 0.11328
Alloy 4027
normalized 0.475 0.114
Alloy 4140
annealed 0.473 0.11352
normalized 0.473 0.11352
Alloy 4340
annealed 0.475 0.114
normalized 0.475 0.114
Alloy 5140
annealed 0.452 0.10848
normalized 0.452 0.10848
Stainless Steels
Alloy 302
annealed 0.5 0.12
Cold rolled 0.5 0.12
Alloy 316
annealed 0.5 0.12
soft tempered 0.5 0.12
Alloy 405
Cold rolled 0.46 0.1104
Annealed 0.46 0.1104
Alloy 434
Annealed 0.46 0.1104
Alloy 660
Cold rolled 0.46 0.1104
Alloy 17-7PH
cold rolled 0.46 0.1104
Aluminum Alloys
Alloy 2024
 Annealed 0.875 0.21
T3 Temper 0.875 0.21
T6 Temper 0.875 0.21
Alloy 6061
Annealed 0.896 0.21504
T4 Temper 0.896 0.21504
T6 Temper 0.896 0.21504
Alloy 7075
Annealed 0.96 0.2304
T6 Temper 0.96 0.2304
Copper Alloys
Electrolytic tough pitch Copper, (C11000)
Cold Worked 0.385 0.0924
Berillium Copper, (C17000)
TH04 Temper 0.42 0.1008
TH01 Temper 0.42 0.1008
Cartridge Brass, (C26000)
H00 Temper 0.375 0.09
H04 Temper 0.375 0.09
Muntz metal, (C28000)
H00 Temper 0.375 0.09
H02 Temper 0.375 0.09
Free-Cutting Brass, (C36000)
H01 Temper 0.38 0.0912
H02 Temper 0.38 0.0912
Chromium Copper, (C18500)
TH04 Temper 0.385 0.0924
TH04 Temper 0.385 0.0924
90-10 Bronze, (C22000)
H01 Temper 0.376 0.09024
H04 Temper 0.376 0.09024
Magnesium Alloys
Alloy AZ31B
Annealed 1 0.24
Hard rolled 1 0.24
Alloy AZ63
F Temper 1.05 0.252
T6 Temper 1.05 0.252
Alloy AZ91E
F Temper 0.8 0.192
T4 Temper 1.047 0.25128
Nickel Alloys
Nickel-Commercially Pure
As Cast 0.46 0.1104
Annealed 0.46 0.1104
Titanium Alloys
 Titanium-Commercially Pure
As cast 0.528 0.12672
AlloyTi-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo
as-rolled 0.552 0.13248
Annealed 0.552 0.13248
Miscellaneous Alloys
kovar Alloy 0.439 0.10536
Invar
Alloy 36 Alloy (Cold Drawn) 0.515 0.1236
Biodur
Hot Worlked 0.452 0.10848
Annealed 0.47 0.1128
Co-Cr-Ni Alloy 0.43 0.1032
INCONEL (Cold Rolled) 0.444 0.10656
INCOLOY 903 0.435 0.1044
Berylium S-200 1.925 0.462
Tungsten 0.134 0.03216
Tantalum 0.138 0.03312
Zinc 0.3898 0.093552
Noble Metals
Gold 0.1323 0.031752
Iridium 0.135 0.0324
Silver 0.234 0.05616
Platinum, Annealed 0.134 0.03216
Polymers
Elastomers
Natural Rubber (Not
0.45 0.108
Vulcanized)
Epoxies
Epoxy (Unreinforced) 1 0.24
Nylon 66 Unreinforced 2.1 0.504
Phenolic (Unreinforced) 1.6 0.384
Polybutylene terepthalate (PBT) 2 0.48
Polycarbonate (PC)
Molded 1.1 0.264
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
Glass Fiber Filled 1.9 0.456
Carbon Fiber Filled 1.9 0.456
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
30% Glass Reinforced 2.3 0.552
Polyethylene (Molded)
Low Density 2.2 0.528
Medium Density 2.2 0.528
High Density 2.2 0.528
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
Molded 2 0.48
Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)
Unreinforced 1.46 0.3504
 Polypropylene (PP)
Unreinforced 2 0.48
Polystyrene 1.7 0.408
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 1.3 0.312
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Styrene Acrylonitrile 1.7 0.408
Cellulose Acetate 1.4 0.336
Polysulfone 1.2 0.288
Ceramics, Graphite and Semiconducting Materials
Aluminum Oxide
99.9% Alumina 0.85 0.204
95% Alumina 0.439 0.10536
Diamond
Natural 0.4715 0.11316
Gallium Arsenide 0.325 0.078
Glass
Silica Glass 0.75 0.18
Graphite Carbon 0.69 0.1656
Silicon Carbide
sintered 0.67 0.1608
Alumina 96% 0.88 0.2112
Fibers
E-Glass Fiber Generic 0.81 0.1944
C-Glass Fiber Generic 0.787 0.18888
Composite Materials
Epoxy/Carbon Fiber Composite 1.1 0.264
 Composition of selected alloys

Materials Composition

Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels

Fe-99.43(min),C-0.08(max),Mn-0.45(max),P-
Alloy 1006
0.04(max),S-0.05(max)
Fe-99.08(min),C-0.17(min),Mn-0.3(min),P-
Alloy 1020
0.04(max),S-0.05(max)
Fe-98.6(min),C-0.37(min),Mn-0.6(min),P-
Alloy 1040
0.04(max),S-0.05(max)
Fe-0.85(min),C-0.85(min),Mn-0.6(min),P-
Alloy 1090
0.04(max),S-0.05(max)
Fe-98.08(min),C-0.25(min),Mn-0.7(min),Mo-
Alloy 4027 0.2(min),P-0.035(max),S-0.04(max),Si-
0.15(min)
Fe-96.785(min),C-0.38(min),Cr-0.8(min),Mn-
Alloy 4140 0.7(min),Mo-0.15(min),P-0.035(max),S-
0.04(max),Si-0.15(min)
Fe-96,C-0.37(min),Cr-0.7(min),Mn-0.7,Mo-
Alloy 4340
0.2,Ni-1.83,P-0.035(max),S-0.04(max),Si-0.23
Fe-98,C-0.38(min),Cr-0.8,Mn-0.8,P-
Alloy 5140
0.035(max),S-0.04(max),Si-0.23
Stainless Steels
Fe-70,C-0.15(max),Cr-18,Mn-2(max),Ni-9,P-
Alloy 302
0.045(max),S-0.03(max),Si-1(max)
Fe-62,C-0.08,Cr-18(max),Mn-2,Mo-2(max),Ni-
Alloy 316
14(max),P-0.045,S-0.03,Si-1
Fe-85,Al-0.2,C-0.08(max),Cr-13,Mn-1(max),P-
Alloy 405
0.04(max),S-0.03(max),Si-1(max)
Fe-81,C-0.12(max),Cr-16,Mn-1(max),Mo-1,P-
Alloy 434
0.04(max),S-0.03(max),Si-1(max)
Fe-56,Al-0.035(max),B-0.001(min),C-
0.08(max),Cr-13.5(min),Cu-0.25(max),Mn-
Alloy 660
2(max),Ni-24(min),P-0.04(max),S-
0.03(max),Si-1(max),Ti-1.9(min),V-0.1(min)
Al-0.75(min),C-0.09(max),Cr-16(min),Mn-
Alloy 17-7PH 1(max),Ni-6.5(min),P-0.04(max),S-
0.04(max),Si-1(max)
Cast Irons
C-3.25(min), Cr-0.05(min), Cu-0.15(min), Mn-
Gray Cast Irons (as cast) 0.5(min), Mo-0.05(min),Ni-0.05(min),P-
0.12(max), S-0.15(max), Si-2.3(max)
Fe-90.68(min),C-3(min),Ce-0.005(min), Cr-
0.03(min), Cu-0.15(min),Mg-0.03(min), Mn-
Ductile Cast Irons
0.15(min), Mo-0.01(min),Ni-0.05(min),P-
0.08(max), S-0.002(max), Si-2.8(max)
Aluminum Alloys
 Fe-0.5(max),Al-90.7(min),Cr-0.1(max),Cu-
3.8(min),Mg-1.2(max),Mn-
Alloy 2024 0.3(max),Other,each -0.05(max),Other, total-
0.15(max),Si-0.5(max),Ti-0.15(max),Zn-
0.25(max)
Fe-0.7(max),Al-95.8(min),Cr-0.35(max),Cu-
0.15(min),Mg-1.2(max),Mn-
Alloy 6061 0.15(max),Other,each -0.05(max),Other, total-
0.15(max),Si-0.8(max),Ti-0.15(max),Zn-
0.25(max)
Fe-0.5(max),Al-87.1(min),Cr-0.18(max),Cu-
1.2(min),Mg-2.9(max),Mn-
Alloy 7075 0.3(max),Other,each -0.05(max),Other, total-
0.15(max),Si-0.4(max),Ti-0.2(max),Zn-
6.1(max)
Copper Alloys
Electrolytic tough pitch
Cu-99.9,O-0.04
Copper, (C11000)
Be-1.6(min),Co+Ni-0.2(min),Co+Ni+Fe-
Berillium Copper, (C17000)
0.6(max),Cu-98.1
Cu-68.5,Fe-0.05(max),Other-0.15(max),Pb-
Cartridge Brass, (C26000)
0.07(max),Zn-28.5(min)
Muntz metal, (C28000) Cu-59(min),Fe-0.07(max),Pb-0.3(max),Zn-40
Cu-60(min),Fe-0.35(max),Other-0.5(max),Pb-
Free-Cutting Brass, (C36000)
3.7(max),Zn-35.5(min)
Ag-0.08(min),Cr-0.4(min),Cu-99.3,Li-
Chromium Copper, (C18500)
0.04(max),P-0.04(max),Pb-0.015(max)
90-10 Bronze, (C22000) Cu-89(min),Fe-0.05(max),Pb-0.05(max),Zn-10
Magnesium Alloys
Al-2.5(min),Ca-0.04(max),Cu-0.05(max),Fe-
Alloy AZ31B 0.005(max),Mg-97,Mn-0.2(min),Ni-
0.005(max),Si-0.1(max),Zn-0.6(min)
Al-5.3(min),Ca-0.25(max),Mg-91,Mn-
Alloy AZ63 0.15(min),Ni-0.01(max),Si-0.3(max),Zn-
2.5(min)
Al-8.3(min),Cu-0.03(max),Fe-0.005(max),Mg-
Alloy AZ91E 90,Mn-0.13(min),Ni-0.002(max),Si-
0.1(max),Zn-0.35(min)
Nickel Alloys
Nickel-Commercially Pure Ni-99.9%
Cu-53.5(min),Fe-0.25(max),Mn-0.5,Ni-
Nickel Silver 65-18 (752)
16.5(min),Other-0.5,Pb-0.1,Zn-22.65(min)
Cupronickel 30(715) Cu-70,Ni-30
Titanium Alloys
Titanium-Commercially Pure
AlloyTi-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo Al-6,Mo-0.8,Nb-2,Ta-1,Ti-90
Miscellaneous Alloys
kovar Alloy C-0.02(max),Co-17,Fe-53,Mn-0.3,Ni-29,Si-0.2
Invar
Alloy 32-5 C-0.02,Co-5.5,Fe-62,Mn-0.4,Ni-32,Si-0.25
Alloy 36 Alloy C-0.02,Fe-63,Mn-0.35,Ni-36,Si-0.2
 C-0.1,Co-51,Cr-20,Fe-3(max),Mn-1.5,Ni-
Haynes 25
10,Si-0.4(max),W-15
C-0.02(min),Co-66,Cr-26(min),Mo-5(min),N-
Biodur
0.15(min)
Be-0.1(max),C-0.15(max),Co-39(min),Cr-
Co-Cr-Ni Alloy 19(min),Fe-16,Mn-1.5(min),Mo-6(min),Ni-
14(min)
Al-0.6(max),B-0.006(max),C-0.3(max),Co-
0.1(max),Cr-17.5(max),Cu-0.35(max),Fe-
INCONEL (Cold Rolled)
38,Mn-0.35(max),Nb-2.5(min),Ni-44(max),P-
0.02,S-0.015(max),Si-0.35(max),Ti-0.4(max)
INCOLOY 903 Al-0.9,Co-15,Fe-42,Nb-3,ni-38,Ti-1.4
Al-0.5(max),C-0.03(max),Cr-22.5(max),Fe-
9,Mn-0.35(max),Mo-7(min),Nb-2.75(min),Ni-
INCONEL 725 (Annealed)
59(max),P-0.015(max),S-0.01(max),Si-
0.2(max),Ti-1.7(max)
 Cost and relative cost of some selected materials

Relative
Materials Cost
cost
(based on
US$/lb 1020
steel)
Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels
Alloy 1006
cold drawn 2.91 0.43
Alloy 1020
annealed 6.74 1.00
Alloy 1040
Cold drawn 2.14 0.32
Alloy 1090
annealed 7.77 1.15
Alloy 4140
normalized 3.36 0.50
Stainless Steels
Alloy 302
Cold rolled 9 1.34
Alloy 316
soft tempered 17.87 2.65
Alloy 405
Cold rolled 394.79 58.57
Annealed
Alloy 17-7PH
cold rolled 16.39 2.43
Cast Irons
Gray Cast Irons (as cast)
ASTM class 35 7.42 1.10
Aluminum Alloys
Alloy 2024
T3 Temper 17.5 2.60
Alloy 6061
T4 Temper 10.25 1.52
Alloy 7075
T6 Temper 19.06 2.83
Copper Alloys
Electrolytic tough pitch Copper, (C11000)
Cold Worked 6.6 0.98
Cartridge Brass, (C26000)
 H00 Temper 29.59 4.39
Muntz metal, (C28000)
H00 Temper 8.68 1.29
Free-Cutting Brass, (C36000)
H02 Temper 6.24 0.93
90-10 Bronze, (C22000)
H01 Temper 13.53 2.01
Magnesium Alloys
Alloy AZ31B
Hard rolled 11.06 1.64
Nickel Alloys
Nickel-Commercially Pure
As Cast 39.02 5.79
Titanium Alloys
Titanium-Commercially Pure
As cast 57.77 8.57
Miscellaneous Alloys
Invar
Alloy 32-5 (Cold drawn) 15 2.23
Haynes 25
cold rolled and annealed 40 5.93
Biodur
INCONEL (Cold Rolled) 38 5.64
INCONEL 725 (Annealed) 14 2.08
Berylium S-200 400 59.35
Tungsten 4 0.59
Tantalum 37 5.49
Zinc 0.5 0.07
Noble Metals
Gold 7105 1054.15
Iridium 2684 398.22
Silver 102 15.13
Platinum, Annealed 13531 2007.57
Polymers
Elastomers
Styrene Butadiene Rubber
6.4 0.95
(SBR)
Natural Rubber (Not
31 4.60
Vulcanized)
Nitrile Rubber 5.07 0.75
Epoxies
Epoxy (Unreinforced) 5 0.74
Nylon 66 Unreinforced 14.2 2.11
Phenolic (Unreinforced) 10 1.48
Polybutylene terepthalate (PBT) 5 0.74
Polycarbonate (PC)
 Molded 7.47 1.11
Polyester (Rigid) 7.25 1.08
Polyethylene (Molded)
Medium Density 11.3 1.68
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
Molded 13.84 2.05
Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)
Unreinforced 3.25 0.48
Polypropylene (PP)
Unreinforced 2.58 0.38
Polystyrene 15.05 2.23
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 22 3.26
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Unreinforced 15.12 2.24
Polysulfone 24.75 3.67
Ceramics, Graphite and Semiconducting Materials
Aluminum Oxide
99.9% Alumina 129.57 19.22
Diamond
Natural 40000 5934.72
Gallium Arsenide 1500 222.55
Glass
Borosilicate Glass 10 1.48
Silica Glass 2.25 0.33
Graphite Carbon 8 1.19
Fused Silica 189 28.04
Silicon Carbide
sintered 20 2.97
Fibers
E-Glass Fiber Generic 2.2 0.33
Carbon Fiber Precursor 30 4.45
Composite Materials
Epoxy/Glass SMC 18 2.67
Epoxy/Carbon Fiber Composite 34 5.04
Polycarbonate Aramid Fiber Reinforced 51 7.57

Notes:
1) Mechanical properties of materials are typical. The properties vary to a great extent
depending upon the manufacturing process involved and testing conditions.
2) The cost of the materials are for small quantities ( about 10 lbs). Most of the cost data is
from a single retailer. The cost can be much less (up to 80% less) if the material is bought
from a manufacturer or distributor in large quantities (thousands of pounds).