9 Be: Past Simple 1 We form the Past Simple of be like this: Here are some examples with was and we Twas in New York last week. We were at home yesterday evening. They weren't late this morning. Was it a good film? 2. Look at these examples of how we use the Past Simple of be: > was/were + facts about the past: Jolin F. Kennedy was an American president. Our first house was in the centre of town. A: Were your answers correct? B: No, they were all wrong! Paula wasn’t at the party. > was/were + place and time: George and Joanna weren’t in London at the weekend. They were in Brighton. Steve and Mary were here at six o'clock. > was/were + adjective (e.g. cold, tired): It was cold yesterday. They were tired after the journey. The train was late again this morning. A: Were your exams easy? B: The first exam was easy, but the second one wasn't. A Complete the sentences using was or were. > Today | am happy but yesterday | y 1 2 3 4 5 6 Today | feel fine but yesterday | .. 7 8 9 1 PAGE 20 » TENSES: PAST Now Jane is at home but last week she . Today it's raining but yesterday it .. This year there is a jazz festival here and last year there Today Mr Brown is at work but yesterday he . ‘These days there are houses here but a hundred years ago there ... My mother is a manageress now but she Today is Saturday and we are at home, but yesterday we This summer we are staying at home but last summer we 0 Today Tina and Jack are tired because yesterday they . . Sad. . on holiday. sunny. .. @ pop festival. . trees. . in bed all day. just a shop assistant last year. at school. in Greece. at the gym.B Mary spent last weekend in Madrid. Ask her some questions using was or were. > (your hoteligood?) (your room/comfortable?) (the weather/nice?) (the streets/full of people?) (the shops/expensive?) (the citylexciting at night?) (the museums/interesting?) (the people/friendly?) (your flighOK?) Was. your hotel aood?, @eNannens © George and Sally have been married for fifty years. They are talking about their first house. Use wasn’t or weren't with George's word and was or were with one word from the box to complete their conversation. Srey tatan big green cheap cold bad | > George: The house was warm. Sally: No, it a= 1 George: The garden was small. Sally: No, it... 2 Sally: The neighbours were French. George: No, they .. 3 George: The living-room was red. Sally: No, it . 4 Sally: Our first chairs were expensive. George: No, they .. 5 George: The kitchen was old. Sally: No, it..., 6 George: The local shops were good. Sally: No, they .. Peter: . Paul at work today? Julie in the office. | think he’s sick Henry: (2)........0:.. you in South America last year? Steve: Yes. | (3). .. in Bolivia on business, and then my wife and | (4)... in Brazil for a holiday. Paula: Philip and | (5)................ at home in London last week. We (6)... weve at Mike's house in Cornwall. It was lovely there. Do you know Mike? Jane: Yes, (7). at Mike's party in Oxford in the summer. (8)............... YOU there? Paula: No, we weren't there. Philip and | (9)................ in Portugal in the summer. TENSES: PAST # PAGE 211 0 Past Simple 1 We form the Past Simple of regular verbs by 3 We form the negative with didn’t and the adding -ed to the verb: infinitive (e.g. do, take, understand): I didn’t understand. (Nov didn’t Shoot Ska ae eo ‘We form questions with did and the tions: infinitive (e.g. watch): > verbs ending with Did you watch the film? Fe Wie Hed Tike Tked 4. We use the Past Simple to talk about an > verbs ending with a consonant and - action or situation in the past which is finished. We often say when it happened Chris phoned me yesterday. He wanted to = > most verbs ending with one vowel and ask me something. one consonant: Did you enjoy the concert last night? Cees Ge 5 We can use the Past Simple with for to talk about something that continued for a period (For more details on the form of the Past of time, and ended in the past: Staph, see Appendix 2 on page 243.) lived in Rome for two years. Then I went to work in Japan. 2 Many verbs have an irregular Past Simple form: past 1 2 3 4 2 years (For more details, see Appendix 3, page 244.) A Puta tick (”) next to the correct forms of the Past Simple, and cross out those which are incorrect. You can look at Appendix 3, page 244, before you do the exercise. walked“ drinked ~—went played writed swam taked wrote cooked —_gived spent finded drank asked flew made sended —_buyed gave meeted took left found winned met passed stoped — followed ~—sent eated won cryed comed drove bought brought leaved swimmed cried stopped ate crossed PAGE 22 « TENSES: PASTB Complete the sentences using the Past Simple form and the words in brackets ( ). > We » ee (go) on holiday to Scotland last year. (take) a taxi from the airport to the city centre. (walk) to the park and then we .. (play) tennis, The man in the shop ..... . (Say) something to the woman, but she .. (nothear) him. 4 (ring) the doorbell and a woman ..... (open) the door. 5 (write) a letter to a friend, and then | . (post) it 6 (you/understand) the film? (try) to understand it, but the actors .. . (speak) very quickly, 7A. cccscsssseeeeee (you/buy) some clothes at the market? B: Yes, | ... (buy) a pair of trousers and a shirt BA: (you/enjoy) the festival? B: Yes. It .... (not/rain) and we ... ... (listen) to some good music. C Make sentences using the correct form of the Past Simple. > (When/you/leave/the party?) nen did you leave the PANE. eeseesseees 1 (When/youffinish/your exams?) 2. (\Iwaitffor an hour, but he/not/phone.) 3 (youwatchithe news on TV last night?) 4 (Mark/stop/smoking last month, and he/start/playing tennis again last week.) 5 (Helask/me a question, but I/not/know/the answer) 6 (\livelthere for a few years, but I/not/like/the place.) D Its the beginning of a new term at university. Two students, Nick and Eric, are talking about the summer holidays. Complete their conversation using the correct Past Simple form of the words in brackets ( ). Nick: What (>) did.vou.de. .. (you/do) in the summer? Eric: 1 (1), va... (take) a trip around Europe by train, Nick: (2)......cccsssssssssee (YOu/go) on your own, or with some friends? Eric: A couple of friends (3)... . (come) with me. Nick: How many countries (4) . (youlvisit)? Eric: 1 (5). (go) to six or seven countries. | (6)... great time, and | really (7) . (love) all of them. Nick: Which one (8).... (youllike) most? Eric: Sweden, | think. | (9) ... (enjoy) exploring the marvellous countryside and | (10).. . (take) lots of photographs Nick: When (11) (you/artive) back home? Eric: Last week. I'm still rather tired sesesese (Have) a TENSES: PAST * PAGE 2312. (Mr. and Mrs. Rice \ in town \ this week) AD B: No, _____s They're out of town. A: Oh? Where B: 8-4 THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE: USING -ED SIMPLE PRESENT | (a) I walk — to school every day. SIMPLE PAST (b) I walked to school yesterday. SIMPLE PRESENT | (c) Ann walks to school every day. SIMPLE PAST (@ Ann walked to school yesterday. verb + -ed = the simple past tense + walked (verb + -ed) O EXERCISE 10. Sentence practice. Directions: Complete the sentences orally in the simple past. Then write the answers. 1 2s 3. yaw 2 10. . Every day I walk. Yesterday I Every day I work. Yesterday I Every day Omar shaves. Yesterday Omar |. Every night Paula watches TV. Last night she . Every day Mrs. Wu cooks. Last night she . Every day people smile. Yesterday they . Every week it rains, Last week it . Every day we ask questions. Yesterday we . Every day I talk on the phone. Yesterday I Every day Tomo listens to music. Yesterday he questions. on the phone. to music. Expressing Past Time, Part] 221Cl EXERCISE 11. Sentence practice. Directions: Complete the sentences. Use the words in the list. Use the simple present or the simple past. ask erase smile walk cook Vrain stay watch dream shave wait work 1, It often rains in the morning. It rained yesterday. 2:1 to school every morning. I to school yesterday morning. 3, Sue often ___ questions. She ___________a question in class yesterday. 41 a movie on television last night. I usually TV in the evening because I want to improve my English. 5. Mike his own dinner yesterday evening. He ______ his own dinner every evening. 6. Lusually ___ home at night because I have to study. I home last night. 7. Uhave a job at the library. I at the library every evening. I___ there yesterday evening. 8. When Iam asleep, Toften about my family last night.* 9. Linda usually for the bus at a bus stop in front of her apartment building. She for the bus there yesterday morning. 10, The teacher ___ some words from the board a couple of minutes ago. He used his hand instead of an eraser. *The past of dream can be dreamed or dreamt. 222 CHAPTERSYESTERDAY Last G0 (a) Bob was here... (b) Sue was here... (© Tom was here... ‘yesterday. last night. ‘five minutes ago. ‘yesterday morning. last week. two hours ago. yesterday afternoon. last month. three dass azo. yesterday evening. year. Peay ae last spring. six months ago. last summer. last fall. a (one) year ago. last winter. last Monday. last Tuesday. last Wednesday. ete. NOTICE In (a): yesterday is used with morning, afternoon, and evening. In (b): last is used with night, with long periods of time (week, month, year), with seasons (spring, summer, etc.), and with days of the week. In (c): ago means “in the past.” It follows specific lengths of time (e.g., t210 minutes + ago, five years + ago). CO EXERCISE 16. Sentence practice. Directions: Complete the sentences. Use yesterday or last. 1. I dreamed about you last night. 2. Iwas downtown morning. 3. Two students were absent ____ Friday. 4. Ann wasn’t at home ___ night. 5. Ann wasn’t at home evening. 6. Carmen was out of town week, 7. I visited my aunt and uncle fall. 8. Roberto walked home ____ afternoon. 9. My sister arrived in Miami _____ Sunday. 10. We watched TV night. Expressing Past Time, Part 1 225qd. 12. 13, 14, 15. Ali played with his children evening. Yoko arrived in Los Angeles = summer. I visited my relatives in San Francisco —___ month. My wife and I moved into a new house year. Mrs. Porter washed the kitchen floor morning. Cl EXERCISE 17. Sentence practice. Directions: Complete the sentences with your own words. Use ago. ie 2. 9. 10. I’m in class now, but I was at home ____ten minutes ago / two hours ago / etc. T’m in class today, but I was absent from class . Pm in this country now, but I was in my country . Lwas in (name of a city) . Twas in elementary school fol arrivedan(this city ese . There is a nice park in this city. I was at the park . We finished Exercise 16 I was home in bed IAIN IIR COMIN erase regen esterase eeersrita erase grate Cee anes: Speers O EXERCISE 18. Listening. Oo Directions: Listen to the sentences and answer the questions. PART 1, Write today’s date. Today’s date is Listen to the sentences and write the dates. Le 226 CHAPTER 8