ESE

2017 Prelims Exam

Detailed Solution

ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION (SET–C)

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 Explanation of Electronics Engg. Prelims Paper (ESE - 2017)
SET - C
1. Consider the following statements: Type-II superconductors are known as hard
superconductors because they loose their
1. Type-I superconductors undergo abrupt

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superconductivity gradually. Besides being
transition to the normal state above a critical
mechanically harder than type I
magnetic field.
superconductors they exhibit higher critical
2. Type-II superconductors are highly magnetic fields, so these are used in the

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technologically useful super-conductors construction of high field superconducting
because the incidence of a second critical magnets.
field in them is useful in the preparation of
high field electromagnets. 2. Consider the following statements:
Which of the above statements is/are correct? 1. Metal conductors have more R at higher
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(a) 1 only (b) 2 only temperatures.
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 2. Tungsten can be used as a resistance wire.
3. A superconductive material is one which has
Sol. (c) practically zero resistance.

Type-I superconductor undergo to the normal Which of the above statements are correct?
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state above critical magnetic field.

(a) 1 and 2only (b) 1 and 3 only
Super (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
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Normal
Sol. (b)
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1. Metal conductors have more R at higher

temperatures because of increased number
of collisions between the free electrons and
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captive electrons.
HC
H 2. Tungsten cannot be used as a resistance
Type-II superconductor wire due to large variation of its resistance
with increase in temperature.
Super 3. Superconductive materials can conduct
M conducting Vortex electricity or transport electrons from one
state region
atom to another with no resistance.
Normal
3. Consider the following statements regarding
precision in measurements of a quantity:
H
HC 1 HC HC 2 1. Precision is the measure of the spread of
H the incident errors.

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 2. precision is independent of the realizable
correctness of the measurement.
3. Precision is usually described in terms of
number of digits used in the measurement
by a digital instrument.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 2 and 3 only
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Sol. (a)
Precision means agreement among the
different mesured values. Precision is the
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measure of spread of errors relative to each
other. It does not gaurantee the accuracy of
measurement. Also number of significinat
figures in which it is expressed indicates the
high precision i.e., more the significant
f i gures, t he great er t he pre ci si on of
measurement.
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4. Consider the following statements in connection
with deflection-type and null-type instruments:
1. Null-type instruments are more accurate
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than the deflection-type ones.
2. Null-type of instrument can be highly
sensitive compared to a deflection-type
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instrument.
3. Under dynamic conditions, null-type
instruments are less preferred to deflection-
type instruments.
4. Response is faster in null-type instruments
as compared to deflection-type instruments.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1, 2 and 4
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 2, 3 and 4
Sol. (a)
Null-type instruments are more accurate than
the deflection-type. It is because the opposing
effect is calibrated with the help of standards
which have high degree of accuracy. But, in
the deflection type instrument, accuracy is
dependent upon their calibration which
depends upon the instrument constants which
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have not very high accuracy.
Null-type instrument can be highly sensitive
compared to deflection type because in null-
type instrument, the detector has to cover a
small range around the null point. Further,
the detector need not be calibrated since it
has only to detect the presence and direction
of unbalance and not the magnitude of
unbalance.
Null-type instruments are less preferred than
deflection-type instrument under dynamic
condition because null-type instruments
require many changes before reaching null-
condition. But deflection-type instruments can
follow the variations of measurement more
rapidly.
5. A voltmeter having a sensitivity of 1000/V
reads 100 V on its 150 V scale when connected
across at resistor of unidentified specfications
in series with a milliammeter. When the milli-
ammeter reads 5 mA, the error due to the
loading effect of the voltmeter will be nearly
(a) 13% (b) 18%
(c) 23% (d) 33%
Sol. (a)
Given arrangement is shown in figure
V 100V
5 mA
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 Resistance of voltmeter = SV Sol. (b)

 Sphere gap method of voltage measurement

= 1000  150V
V is used for measuring peak value of a high
= 150K voltage.
Sphere gap method for measurement of high
Given, reading of voltmeter = 100 V voltage can be considered as an approved
calibration device with high reliability and

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3 R  150K
i.e. 5  10   100 simplicity but with limited accuracy.
R  150K
7. High frequency (in the MHz range) and low

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150R amplitude (in the mV range) signals are best
 = 20
R  150K measured using
 130R = 3000 K (a) VTVM with a high impedance probe
(b) CRO
3000K
 R = (c) moving-iron instrument
130
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(d) digital multimeter
 Actual voltage across
Sol. (b)
3000K
R  5  10 3   115.3 Volt The high f requency and low amplitude
130
signals are best measured by using CRO.
MV  TV An economically priced CRO can measure
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So, percentage error =  100% 10 MHz frequency signal having amplitude

TV
of 5mV.
100  115.3
=  100% 8. In scintillation coating applications, shields of
115.3
which material are generally placed around the
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= 13.26% photomultiplier tube to overcome interference

effects of electrons deflected from their normal
6. Consider the following statements: path?
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Sphere gap method of voltage measurement (a) Ferromagnetic

is used (b) Mu-metal magnetic
(c) Electromagnetic
1. for measuring r.m.s. value of a high voltage
(d) Dielectric
2. for measuring peak value of a high voltage
3. as the standard for calibration purposes Sol. (b)
Which of the above statements are correct? The high permeability of Mu-metal provides a
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only low reluctance path for magnetic flux, leading
to its use in magnetic shields against static or
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
slowly varying magnetic fields. It not only blocks

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 magnetic field but provides a path for the
magnetic field lines around the shielded area.
9. A PMMC instrument if connected directly to
measure alternating current, it indicates
whose amplitude and relative phase are to
be measured. It measures the voltages and
phase difference at two different points to
measure amplitude and phase difference.
Vector voltmeter is used in the following
measurements :

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(a) the actual value of the subject AC quantity
(b) zero reading 1. Complex insertion losses

1 2. Amplifier gain and phase shift

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(c) of the scale value where the pointer 3. Filter transfer function
2
rests 4. Complex impedance of mixers
5. ‘S’ parameters of transistors
3
(d) of the scale value where the pointer 6. Radio frequency distortions
2
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rests. 7. Two-port network parameters
8. Amplitude modulation index.
Sol. (b)
11. In a transistor, the base current and collector
If an alternating current is applied to the current are, respectively, 60 A and 1.75 mA.
PMMC instrument, the pointer cannot follow The value if  is nearly
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the frequent reversals and the deflection

(a) 0.91 (b) 0.97
corresponds to the mean torque. Hence, for
alternating current, PMMC indicates zero (c) 1.3 (d) 1.7
reading.
Sol. (b)
10. Which of the following are measured by using
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Given, I 0 = 60A and I C = 1.75 mA

a vector voltmeter?
 IC 1.75 175
1. Amplifier gain and phase shift  = = = 3 =
1 
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IB 60 10 6
2. Filler transfer function
3. Complex insertion loss or 6 = 175  175

Select the correct answer using the code given 175

or  = = 0.967
below: 181
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
12. A liquid flows through a pipe of 100 mm
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
diameter at a velocity of 1 m/s. If the diameter
is guaranteed within +1% and the velocity is
Sol. (d)
known to be within +3% of measured value,
Vector voltmeter is an instrument which the limiting error for the rate of flow is
measure amplitude and phase of a signal. It (a) +1% (b) +2%
uses two samplers to sample the two signals (c) +3% (d) +5%

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Sol. (d) (b) twisted pairs of cable
Volume Area  Length (c) capacitor(s) to be connected at the power
Rate of flow =  circuit
Time Time
(d) capacitor(s) to be connected at the
= Area × Velocity measurement circuit
 2
i.e., Q = d V Sol. (b)
4

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So, limiting error for the rate of flow. Twisted pairs of cable is the most commonly
and simplest method of reducing ‘effect of
Q  d V  inductive coupling’. In this method, the cable

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  2  
Q  d V  is doubled on itself which results into flow of
current in the opposite direction in the cable
=  (2  1)  (3)] whi ch i s pl aced si de by si de. T hi s
arrangem ent produces t wo equal and
= ± 5%
oppositv e magnetic field and since two
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cables are very close to each other, the net
1 magnetic field is almost zero. Hence, effect
13. A 3 digit digital voltmeter is accurate to +0.5%
2 of inductive coupling between measurement
of reading +2 digits. What is the percentage and power circuit can be reduced to zero.
error, when the voltmeter reads 0.10 V on its
10V range? 15. A capacitance transducer uses two quartz
diaphragms of area 750 mm2 separated by a
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(a) 0.025% (b) 0.25% distance 3.5 mm. The capacitance is 370 pF.
(c) 2.05% (d) 20.5% When a pressure of 900 kN/m 2 is applied, the
deflection is 0-6 mm. The capacitance at this
Sol. (d) pressure would be
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0.5 (a) 619 pF (b) 417 pF

 0.5 % of reading =  0.1 =  0.0005V
100 (c) 325 pF (d) 275 pF

 2 digit =  0.02V
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Sol. (b)
 Total possible error =  0.0205 V
Capaci t i v e t ransducer usi ng Q uart z
0.0205
The % error = 100 = 20.5% diaphragms :
0.01
Two quartz
14. The simplest and most common method of diaphragms
reducing any effect of inductive coupling
between measurement and power circuits is Applied Displacement
achieved by using pressure

(a) a screen around the entire measurement Output

circuit

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 W hen pressure will be applied, the gap 3. Making the measurement
between two Quartz diaphragm gets reduced. 4. Internal programming and telemetry
A Which of the above are valid in the stated
Since, capacitance, C =
d context?
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 3 and 4 only

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C1 1A1 d
 =  2
C2 d1 2 A 2 (c) 1, 2 and 3 only (d) 2 and 4 only
Sol. (a)
Here, the area of diaphragms and the

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permittivity between then will remain some. Digital data acquisition system converts
Only change in gap between diaphragm analog data to digital form, measures and
takes place. programmes internally.
Hence, all statements are valid.
370 (3.5  0.6) 2.9
So, =  The function of the digital data acquisition
C2 3.5 3.5
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system consists of handling analog signals,
 C2 = 446.55 pF  447 pF converting the analog data to digital form
and handling digital data, measurement of
16. Consider the following statements regarding data, internal programming, control and
Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM): telemetry.
1. The information from different measuring Transducer
Signal
conditioner Multiplexer
Signal
converter
A/D Digital
recorder
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converter
points is transmitted serially on the same
communication channel.
Auxiliary equipment and system programmer
2. It involves transmission of data samples
rather than continuous data transmission. 18. A low resistance LDR of 20, operated at a
3. It is especially useful when telemetering fast- certain intensity of light, is to be protected
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changing, high bendwidth data. through a series resistance in such a way that
up to 12 mA of current is to flow at a supply
Which of the above statements are valid in
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voltage of 10 V. What is the nearest value of

respect to TDM?
the protective resistance?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 3 only
(a) 873  (b) 813 
(c) 1 and 2 only (d) 2 and 3 only
(c) 273  (d) 81 
Sol. (a) Sol. (b)
20  R
All statements are valid for TDM system.

17. Consider the following regarding essential

12 mA
functional operations of a digital data acquisition
system: +
10V
–
1. Handling of analog signals
2. Converting the data to digital form and
handling it

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 Applying KVL we get Complete Graph - A complete graph is a
10 = (20 + R) × 12 × 10–3 undirected graph in which every pair of
distinct vertices is connected by a unique
10
 R = 3
 20 edge. In the above graph every pair of
12  10 distinct vertices are not connected by a
 R = 813  unique edge. Therefore above graph is not
a complete graph.
19. Consider the following with regards to graph

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as shown in the figure given below: 20. A network in which all the elements are
physically separable is called a
2 3
(a) distributed network

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(b) lumped network
1 4
(c) passive network
(d) reactive network
6 5
Sol. (b)
1. Regular graph
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2. Connected graph Distributed Network - In distributed network
3. Complete graph resistors, capacitors and inductors can not
4. Non-regular graph be electrically separated and individually
i sol at ed as separat e el em ents. Ex -
Which of the above are correct?
Transmission line.
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(a) 1 and 4 (b) 3 and 4 Lumped Network - Lumped network in

(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 2 whi ch phy si cal l y separat e r esi st ors,
capacitors and inductors can be represented.
Sol. (d) Passive Network - Passive network contains
the circuit elements without any energy
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2 3 source.
Reactive Netwo rk - Reacitv e network
1 4 contains L and C.
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21. Three identical impedances are first connected

6 5 in delta across a 3-phase balanced supply. If
Regular Graph - A regular graph is a graph
the same impedances are now connected in
where each vertex has the same number of
star across the same supply, then
neighbors. Above graph is 3-regular graph.
Connected Graph - A graph is connected (a) the phase current will be one-third
when there is a path between every pair of (b) the line current will be one-third
vertices. In a connected graph we can reach (c) the power consumed will be one-third
every vertices. Above graph is connected (d) the power consumed will be halved
graph.
Sol. (c)

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 From equation (i) and (ii) we can say that
power consumed in star connection will be
one third of power consumed in delta
Z connection.
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Z
Z 22. Consider the following statements regarding

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trees:
VL 1. A tree contains all the nodes of the graph.
2. A tree shall contain any one of the loops.

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3. Every connected graph has at least one tree.
Let impedance value as Z and line voltage
as VL Which of the above statements are correct?

VL (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only

So in delta configuration phase current =
Z (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
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3VL Sol. (b)
Line current =  IL  say 
Z
Properties of trees.
3VL
So power consumed = 3VLIL  3VL 
Z (i) In a tree there exists one and only one
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path between any pair of nodes.

3VL2 (ii) Every connected graph has at least one
= Watts ...(i)
Z tree.
In star configuration (iii) Every tree has at least two number of
terminal nodes.
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(iv) Every tree has (n–1) branches, where

Z n is the number of nodes of tree.
(v) The rank of tree is (n–1).
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VL (vi) A tree contains all the nodes of graph.

Z 23. A voltage v(t) = 173 sin(314t + 10°) is applied

Z to a circuit. It causes a current flow described
by

VL i(t) = 14.14 sin(314t – 20°)

The average power delivered is nearly

VL 3 (a) 2500 W (b) 2167 W
Phase current =  Line current IL 
Z (c) 1500 W (d) 1060 W

VL 3 VL2 Sol. (d)

Power Consumed = 3VL   ...(ii)
Z Z

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 V(t) = 173 sin (314+10º) 1
i(t) = 14.14 sin (314 t – 20º) C  = 0
L
Average power:
1
Pavg = VrmsIrms cos 
LC
Vm Im
Pavg =  cos  At resonacne
2 2 1
173 1414 Y0 =  Minimum
Pavg =  cos30º R

R
2 2 1
Z0 =  R  Maximum
Y0
Pavg = 1059.24 W  1060 W
 Bandwidth of parallel RLC network

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24. Consider the following statements respect to a 1
parallel R-L-C circuit: BW =
RC
1. The bandwidth of the circuit decreases if R R ,BW 
is increased.  Bandwidth of parallel RLC network is
2. The bandwidth of the circuit remain same if independent of L.
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L is increased.
25. What is the admittance matrix for a two-port
3. At resonance, input impedance is a real
network shown in the figure given below?
quantity.
4. At resonance, the magnitude of the input 5 5
impedance attains its minimum value.
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Which of the above statements are correct? 10

(a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 1, 3 and 4

(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 3

15 5  15 5 
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Sol. (d)
(a)   (b)  
 5 15  5 15
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 5 15 1 20 5 
V R L C (c)   (d)  
15 5  200 15 20 

Y = YR  YL  YC Sol. (None)
1 1
Y = R  jL  jC 5 5
I1 I2
+ +
1  1 
Y =  j  C 
R  L  V1 10 V2
 At resonance:
I m [Y] = 0
– –

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Admittance parameter: 5 5
I1 I2
I 1 = y11 V1 + y12 V2 +
I 2 = y21 V1 + y22 V2
Calculation of y 11 & y21 10 V2
I1
y11 = V

R
1 –
V2 0
10 I 1 + 15 I 2 = V2 ...(i)
I2 15 I 1 + 10 I 2 = 0 ...(ii)
y21 = V
1 15

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V2 0
I2 = I1
When V2 = 0 10
5 5 From equation (i)
I1 I2
+  15 
10I1  15  I1  = V
 10  2

V1 10 125
I1 = V
AS
10 2

– I1 10
15 I 1 + 10 I 2 = V1 ...(i) y12 = V =
2 125
10 I 1 + 15 I 2 = 0 ...(ii) From equation (ii)
10 15 I 1 + 10 I 2 = 0
I2 = I1
15 10
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From equation (i) I1 = I2

15
 10  From equation (i)
15I1  10  I1  = V
 15  1
 10 
125 10  I2   15I2 = V
 15  2
I1 = V
15 1
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125
I1 15 I2 = V
15 2
y11 = V  125
1 I2 15
y22 = V =
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From equation (i)

2 125
 15  Admittance matrix
15   I2  10I2 = V1
 10   15 10 
125  y11 y12   125 125 
I2 = V  
10 1 [y] =  y  =
 21 y22   10 15 
I2 10  125 125 
y21 = V =
1 125
26. A two-port network is characterized by
Calculation of y 12 & y22
I1 I1 = 3V1 + 4V2
y12 = V 6I2 = 2V1 + 4V2
2 V1 0

I2 Its A, B, C and D parameters are, respectively

y22 = V (a) 2, 3, 6 and 9 (b) 2, –3, 10 and –9
2 V1 0
when V1 = 0 (c) 3, –2, 9 and –6 (d) 3, –2, 9 and –6

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Sol. (b) i

I 1 = 3V1 + 4V2 ...(i) t=0

6I 2 = 2V1 – 4V2 R
2V1 = 4V2 + 6I 2 u(t) +
–
V1 = 2V2 + 3I 2 ...(ii) L
Putting the value of V 1 from equation (ii) to
equation (i).

R
KVL equation is s-domain
I 1 = 3(2V2 + 3I 2) + 4V2
I 1 = 10V2 + 9I 2 ...(iii) 1
V1 = 2V2 + 3I 2 ...(iii) 2
= R  sL  I s 

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I 1 = 10V2 + 9I 2 ...(iii)
ABCD parameters  
1 1 1 1
V1 = AV2 – BI 2  I(s) =    
I 1 = CV2 – DI 2
s  R  sL  R  s

sR 
L  

V1 R
1  t
AS
A = V = 2  i(t) = L
1  e 
2 I2  0 R 

V1 At t = 0– there is no voltage source connected

B = I = –3 to R and L and all initial conditions are zero
2 V2 0 so, the voltage across the resistor will be
zero.
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I1 At t = 0+, i (t = 0+) = 0
C = V = 10  Voltage across the resistor at t = 0 +
2 I2  0
= R·i (t = 0+) = 0 V
I1 Hence options (b) and (c) both are correct.
D = I = –9
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2 V2 0 28. One of the basic characteristics of any steady-

state sinusoidal response of a linear R-L-C
27. A unit-step voltage is applied at t = 0 to a
circuit with constant R, L and C values is
series R-L circuit with zero initial condition. Then
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(a) the output remains sinusodial with its

(a) it is possible for the current to be oscillatory
frequency being the same as that of the
(b) The voltage across the resistor at t = 0+ is
source
zero
(b) the output remains sinusoidal with its
(c) the voltage across the resistor at t = 0– is frequency differing from that of the source
zero
(c) the output amplitude equals the source
(d) The resistor current eventually falls to zero
amplitude
Sol. (b & c) (d) the phase angle difference between the
source and the output is always zero.
Sol. (a)

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 (a) half-wave rectified sine wave
R L
+ + (b) full-wave rectified sine wave
(c) triangular wave
Vi C V0 (d) square wave

R
– – Sol. (d)
Transfer function The given circuit is an op-amp inverting
comparator circuit.
V0  s  1 sC

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T(s) = = If Vin > 0 then Vout = –Vsat
Vi  s  R  sL  1 sC
and if Vin < 0 then Vout = +Vsat
1
= Vin
s2LC  sRC  1
1 0 t
AS
T  j  = 2
 j LC  jRC  1
Vout +Vsat
1
T  j  = 2 0 t
1   LC  jRC
–Vsat

M
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T  j  =
1  2LC 2  2R2 C2 30. Which one of the following Analog-to-Digital
Converters (ADC) does not use a DAC?
1  RC 
T  j  =  tan   (a) Digital ramp ADC
 1  2LC 
(b) Successive approximation ADC
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If Vi (t) = A sin  t   
(c) Single-slope ADC
Than V0(t) = AMsin  t     
(d) Counting ADC
i.e. V0  j  = AM
IE

V0  j =    Sol. (c)

The output of the network is sinusoidal with Single-slope ADC (analog to digital converter)
its output as input frequency will be same. does not use DAC ( di gi tal t o anal og
converter).
29. If the input (Vin) to the circuit is a sine wave,
the output will be 31. Consider that in a system loop transfer function,
addition of a pole results in the following:
Vin – A 
1. Root locus gets pulled to the right-hand side.
2. Steady-state error is increased.
3. System responses gets slower.
+ Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 2 and 3 only

, 8010009955
Sol. (c)
1 1
The effect of addition of a pole in a system 1/(sT+1), where, T = = = 1 sec.
 1
loop transfer function are:
 Open loop transfer function
 Root locus gets pulled to the right-hand
side.
10
 G(s)H(s) = 
System response gets slower. 1  s
 System becomes more oscillatory in

R
nature. 33. The open-loop transfer function of a unity
feedback control system is
 System stability relatively decreases.

TE
32. The magnitude plot for the open-loop transfer 10
function of a control system is shown in the G(s)H(s) = s  s  2  s  K 
figure given below:

Here, K is a variable parameter. The system

will be stable for all values of
AS
20

|G(j)H (j)|dB
–120 dB/dec (a) K > – 2 (b) K > 0
(c) K > 1 (d) K > 1.45
0
1  rad/s Sol. (d)
T he characteri st i c equat i on f or gi v en
M

Its open-loop transfer function, G(s)H(s), is feedback control system is

1+G(s)H(s) = 0
1
(a) 10 (s+1) (b) 10
s 1 1
or = 0
s s  2s  k 

S

10
(c)
s 1
(d) 20 (s+1) or s s 2  k  2 s  2k   10 = 0
 
IE

Sol. (c)
or s3  k  2 s2  2ks  10 = 0
The initial slope of the plot is 0dB/decade The routh table is formed below:
hence the system is type 0.
s3 1 2k
20 logk = 20
s 2 k  2 10
 k = 10
10
At   1 rad sec., the slope of the plot s1 2k  0
k 2
changes by –20 dB/decode. Hence the
s0 10
corresponding term of the transfer function
is

, 8010009955
 For system to be stable

10
k+2>0 and 2k  0 R(s)
G(s)
k2 C(s)

or k>–2 and 2k2 + 4k – 10>0

k2 + 2k – 5>0

R
H(s)–1
(k+1)2 > 6

k  1  6

TE
k > 1.45 
R(s) G s
10 C(s)
1  G s H s  G s
34. A control system has G(s) =  and H(s)
s s  5
= K. What is the value of K for which the steady-
AS
state error for unit-step input is less than 5%? 
(a) 0.913 (b) 0.927 R(s)
G´(s) C(s)
(c) 0.953 (d) 1.050

Sol. (d)
M

10
G(s) = G s
s  s  5
G  s  =
1  G sH s  G  s
H(s) = K
R(s)
S

G(s) C(s) 10
s s  5
G  s  = 10 10
1 K
IE

s s  5 s s  5
H(s)

10
 G  s  = s2  5s  10  
K  1
R(s)
G(s) C(s) Type ‘zero’ system

10 1
K P  Lt G  s   Lt 
s 0 s 0 s2  5s  10 K  1 K  1
H(s)
Steady State Error :
–1
1 1 K 1
e ss   
1 KP 1 K
1
K 1

, 8010009955
 eSS < 0.05 36. If the characteristic equation of a closed-loop
system is 2s2 + 6s + 6 = 0, then the system is
K 1
< 0.05 (a) overdamped (b) critically damped
K
(c) underdamped (d) undamped
K–1 < 0.05
0.95K < 1 Sol. (c)
 K < 1.052 Given, Characteristic equation is

R
2s2 + 6s + 6 = 0
35. What is the time required to reach 2% of
steady-state value, for the closed-loop transfer or s2 + 3s + 3 = 0
Comparing with s2  2n s  n2  0

TE
2
function  s  10  s  100  , when the input is
Gives, n  3, and 2n  3
u(t)? or 2 3 = 3
(a) 20s (b) 2s
3
(c) 0.2s (d) 0.02s or   0.866  1
AS
2
Sol. (None) Hence, system is underdamped.

2 37. For derivative control action, the actuating

T(s) = signal consists of proportional error signal with
 s  10  s  100 
addition of
M

2 (a) derivative of the error signals

=
 s  s  (b) integral of the error signals
1000 1   1  
 10  100  (c) steady-state error
j (d) a constant which is a function of the system
S

type
D
Sol. (a)

IE

For a derivative control action, the actuating

–100 –10
signal consists of proportional error signal
added with derivative of the error signal.
Using Dominant Pole Concept Therefor, the actuating signal for derivative
control actions given by
0.002 K de  t 
T(s) =  
s  1  sT  ea(t) = e t   Td
1  dt
 10 
where, T d is a constant.
T = 0.1s
38. Consider the following statements regarding a
Setting Time = 4T for 2% criterion PID controller:
= 0.4s

, 8010009955
 1. The error is multiplied by a negative (for
reverse action) proportional constant P, and
added to the current output.
39.
2. The error is integrated (averaged) over a
period of time, and then divided by a
with respond to changes in the process
value.
A 32 kB RAM is formed by 16 numbers of a
particular type of SRAM IC. If each IC needs
14 address bits, what is the IC capacity?

R
constant I, and added to the current control
output. (a) 32 kbits (b) 16 kbits
3. The rate of change of the error is calculated (c) 8 kbits (d) 4 kbits

TE
with respect to time multiplied by another
constant D, and added to the output. Sol. (b)

Which of the above statements are correct? Given, total capacity = 32 kB

= 32k × 8 bits = 256 k bits
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 3 only
Since, 16 IC’s are used.
(c) 1 and 2 only (d) 2 and 3 only
AS
256
So each IC provides = kbits
Sol. (a) 16
14 bits address gives 16 k location. Each
Proportional (Gain)
chip has 16 k location.
For a heater, a controller with a proportional
Capacity of each IC = 16 k bits.
band of 10 deg C and a setpoint of 100 deg
C would have an output of 100% upto 90 40. A cache line has 128 bytes. The main memory
M

deg C, 50% at 95 Deg C and 10% at 99 deg has latency 64 ns and bandwidth 1 GB/s. The
C. If the temperature overshoots the setpoint time required to fetch the entire cache line is
value, the heating power would be cut back
(a) 32 ns (b) 64 ns
further. Proportional only control can provide
a stable process temperature but there will (c) 96 s (d) 192 ns
S

always be an error between the required Sol. (d)

setpoint and the actual process temperature. Bandwidth 1GB/s means 109 bytes can be
loaded online in 1 second. To load 128 bytes
IE

Integral (Reset)
1
I represents the steady state error of the = 128   128n sec.
system and will remove setpoint / measured 109
v al ue err ors. F or m any app l i cat i ons Main memory latency = 64nsec.
proport ional + Integral control wil l be Time required to fetch cacheline
satisfactory with good stability and at the = 128 + 64 = 192nsec.
desired setpoint.
41. An asynchronous link between two computers
Derivative (Rate) uses the start-stop scheme, with one start bit
The derivative term is use to determine a and one stop bit, and a transmission rate of
cont rol l e r ’s response t o a change or 48.8 kbits/s. What is the effective transmission
disturbance of the process temperature (e.g. rate as seen by the two computers?
opening an ov en door). The larger the (a) 480 bytes/s (b) 488 bytes/s
derivative term the more rapidly the controller (c) 4880 bytes/s (d) 4800 bytes/s

, 8010009955
Sol. (c) 43. A weighted complete graph with n vertices has
weights 2|i – j| at edges (v j, v j). The weight of
In 8 bit of a single character total bit a minimum spanning tree is
= 8 + start bit + stop bit = 8 + 1 + 1 = 10 bit
For every 10 bit wastage of bits = 2 n2 n
(a) (b)
For 48.8 × 103 bit wastage of bits. 2 2

2 (c) 2n – 2 (d) n – 1
 48.8  10 3 = 9760 bit

R
10
Sol. (c)
Effective Transmission rate
= 48.8  103  9760 A complete graph is a connected graph in

TE
which exactly one edge connects each pair
= 39040 bits/s
of vertices.
39040
= bytes s Given, weight 2 i  j at edges  v i ,v j 
8
Let us take an example, n = 4
= 4880 bytes/s
AS
v1
Edge Cost
42. The noise factor of an attenuator pad that has
2 6 v1 – v2 2
an insertion loss of 6 dB is v1 – v3 2
4
(a) 0.25 (b) 0.5 v2 v4 v3 – v4 2
v1 – v4 6
(c) 2 (d) 4
v1 – v3 4
M

2 2
v3 v2 – v4 4
Sol. (d)
Insertion loss= 6dB
Insertion loss (IL) is given by Weight of minimum spanning tree = minimum
wei ght of connect ed edges wi t hout
S

P  constructing circle
I.L. = 10 log  T ,
 PR  Connected edge = v 1  v 2 ,v 2  v 3 ,v 3  v 4 
IE

where PT is the transmitted power

PR is the power received by the load after v1
insertion 2

 PT 
10 log  P  = 6 dB v2 v4
 R
2 2
PT v3
 PR
= 100.6 = 4

PT weight of minimum spanning tree = 6

Noise factor = 4 2n–2 = 2 × 4 – 2 = 6.
PR

, 8010009955
44. Consider the following statements regarding the 0  24  27
functions of an operating system in a computer: Avg. waiting time =
3
1. It controls hardware access 51
 17m sec .
2. It manages files and folders 3
3. It provides a user interface 46. The cumulative distribution function of a random

R
4. It manages applications variable x is the probability that X takes the
value
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) less than or equal to x

TE
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(b) equal to x
(c) 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(c) greater than x
Sol. (d) (d) zero

45. Consider the following processes which arrived Sol. (a)

AS
in the order P1, P2 and P3: If f(x) is p.d.f and F(x) is c.d.f then C.d.f. is
defined as
Process Burst Time x
F  x   P x  x   f  x dx
P1 24 ms 

P2 3 ms F(x) = sum of all values less than equal to x.

M

P3 3 ms 47. A disk unit has 24 recording surfaces. It has a

total of 14000 cylinders. There is an average
What is the average waiting time by FCFS of 400 sectors per track. Each sector contains
scheduling? 512 bytes of data. What is the data transfer
(a) 17 ms (b) 19 ms rate at a rotational speed of 7200 r.p.m.?
S

(c) 21 ms (d) 23 ms (a) 68.80 ×106 bytes/s

(b) 24.58 ×106 bytes/s
Sol. (a)
IE

(c) 68.80 ×103 bytes/s

(d) 24.58 ×103 bytes/s
Process Burstime
P1 24 msec. Sol. (b)
P2 3 msec.
P3 3 msec. The data transfer rate = (No. of sector/
track)×(Bytes in each sector)×(Rotational
Gantt chart,
speed (revolution per sec.))
P1 P2 P3 1
Rotational Speed = 7200 rpm ×
0 24 27 30 60
Waiting time for P 1 = 0 msec. = 120 rev. per sec.
Wating time for P 2 = 24 msec. 400×512×120 = 24.57×106
Waiting time for P 3 = 27 msec.

, 8010009955
48. In the demand paging memory, a page table is T1 T2 T3
held in registers. If it takes 1000 ms to service
a page fault and if the memory access time is Read (X)
10 ms, what is the effective access time for a Read (Y)
page fault rate of 0.01?
Read (Y)
(a) 19.9 ms Write (Y)
Read (X)

R
(b) 10.9 ms
Write (X)
(c) 9.99 ms
Read (X)

TE
(d) 0.99 ms
Write (X)
Sol. (a) The correct schedule of serialization will be
(a) T1  T2  T3
P = 0.01
(b) T2  T3  T1
Effective access time: (1–P)×Ma+P×Page
(c) T3  T1  T2
AS
fault service time
= (1–0.01)×10+0.01×1000 (d) T1  T3  T2
0.99 ×10 +10
9.9 +10 = 19.9 ms Sol. (d)

49. Consider the following statements regarding The precedence graph is an shown below.
database normal forms: There is no cycle in this graph.
M

1. Any relation with two attributes is BCNF. T1

2. Lossless, dependency-preserv ing

decomposition into BCNF is always possible.
T2
S

3. Lossless, dependency-preserv ing

decomposition into 3NF is always possible.
T3
IE

4. BCNF is stricter than 3NF.

T1  T3  T2
Which of the above statements are correct?
51. A receiver tunes signals from 550 kHz to 1600
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1, 3 and 4 kHz with an IF of 455 kHz. The frequency tuning
(c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 2, 3 and 4 range ratio for the oscillator section of the
receiver is nearly.
Sol. (b)
(a) 2.90 (b) 2.05
50. Consider the f ollowing schedules f or (c) 1.65 (d) 1.30
transactions T1, T2 and T3:
Sol. (b)

, 8010009955
 Minimum signal frequency f s,min = 550KHz
Z0' = Z0  ZL
Maximum signal frequency f s,max = 1600 KHz
For osciallator section,  60 = Z 0  72
f 0min = f s,min+ IF = 550+455 = 1005 KHz
f 0max = f s,max+IF = 1600+455 = 2055 KHz  Z 0 = 50 

R
f0 max Now, 72  is replaced by 98 
Frequency tuning range ratio = f0 min
=
 Z0 = Z 0  98

TE
2055
 2.045  Z0 = 50  98
1005
 Z0 = 70 
52. In a basic transmission line, the voltage at the
receiving end without load is 660 V; and it is 54. Consider the following statements:
420 V with full load. What is the percentage of
Stokes’ theorem is valid irrespective of
AS
voltage regulation?
1. shape of closed curve C
(a) 77% (b) 67%
2. type of vector curve A
(c) 57% (d) 47%
3. type of coordinate system
Sol. (c) 4. whether the surface is closed or open
M

VNL  VFL Which of the above statements are correct?

Voltage regulation =
VFL (a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 1, 3 and 4
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 3
600  420
=  0.57 or 57%
420
Sol. (d)
S

53. A quarter-wave transformer of characteristic

Stoke’s theorem states that the circulation of
impedance 60 has been used to match a 
a vector field A around a (closed) path L is
IE

transmission line of characteristic impedance

Z0 with a load of 72. What is the characteristic equal to the surface integral of the curl of A
impedance of the transformer, when the load over the open surface S bounded by L,
of 72 is replaced by 98?  
provided A and   A are continuous on S.
(a) 98  (b) 80  Mathematically,
(c) 70  (d) 60    
 A  d l    A   ds
L S
Sol. (c)
Thus, Stoke’s theorem applies to any vector,
For a quarter wave transformer any type of coordinate system and any shape
/4 of closed curve C.
Stoke’s theorem is not applied to closed
Z0 Z0= 60
surface (statement ‘4’ is false).
ZL

, 8010009955
55. A plane y = 2 carries an infinite sheet of charge
 
4 nC/m2. If the medium is free space, what is (a) (b)
8 2
the force on a point charge of 5 mC located at
the origin? 3
(c) (d) 
4
(a) 0.54 a y N (b) 0.18 a y N
Sol. (*)
(c) –0.36 a y N (d) – 0.18 a y N

R
Sol. (c) No option is correct as PSD of white noise
Given, N0
is equal to .

TE
2
Surface charge density, s  4nC m 2
Electric field due to this surface charge at
57. What is the reflection coefficient for the line Z0
 s = 3000° and ZL = 1500°?
the origin, E  2  aˆ n
0 (a) 0.5 (b) 0.333
AS
Here, aˆ n   aˆ y  (c) –0.333 (d) –0.5
z
Sol. (c)

Given,
Characteristic impedance,
M

ZL  3000º  300
Load impedance, ZL  1500º  150
y Z  Z0
0 y=2m Reflection coefficient,   L
ZL  Z0
150  300 150 1
S

= = =  0.33
150  300 450 3
x 58. An electromagnetic wave is transmitted into a
IE

 Force on a charge of 5mC located at the conducting medium of conductivity . The depth
 of penetration is
origin = 5mC  E
s (a) directly proportional to frequency
= 5mC  aˆ n (b) directly proportional to squae root of
2 0
frequency
4n
= 5mC 
2 0
 aˆ y  (c) inversely proportional to frequency
(d) inversely proportional to square root of
= 0.36 aˆ y N frequency.
56. A random process X(t) is called ‘white noise’
Sol. (d)
if the power spectral density is equal to

, 8010009955
 For a conducting medium, penetration depth Only option (1) & (4) are correct.
is given by
60. Consider the following statements :
2 1 Plane wave propagation through a circular
 = 
=
f waveguide results in
1. TE modes
i.e.   1

R
f 2. TM modes
59. Which of the following are the properties of

TE
TEM mode in a lossless medium ? Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
1. Its cut-off frequency is zero.
2. Its transmission line is a hollow waveguide (b) 2 only
3. Its wave impedance is the impedance in a (c) Either 1 or 2
bounded dielectric. (d) Both 1 and 2
AS
4. Its phase velocity is the velocity of light in
an unbounded dielectric. Sol. (c)
Select the correct answer using the code given
A circular waveguide is a tubular, circular
below :
conductor. A plane wave propagating through
(a) 1, 2 and 3 a circular waveguide results in transverse
M

electric (TE) or transverse magnetic (TM)

(b) 1, 3 and 4 mode.
(c) 1, 2 and 4 61. In VLSI n-MOS process, the thinox mask
(d) 2, 3 and 4
(a) patterns the ion implantation within the thinox
S

region
Sol. (None)
(b) deposits polysilicon all over the thinox region
Following are the properties of TEM mode in a
IE

lossless medium: (c) patterns thickox regions to expose silicon

(1) Its cut-off frequency is zero.
(2) Its transmission line is a two-conductor
system and not a hollow waveguide.
(3) Its wave impedance is the impedance in an
unbounded dielectric.
Sol.
(4) Its propagation constant is the constant in
an unbounded dielectric.
(5) Its phase velocity is the velocity of light in
an unbounded dielectric. 62.
where source, drain or gate areas are
required
(d) grows thickox over thinox regions in gate
areas
(b)
Thinox mask is used to make the source
and drain region through ion implanation.
For a random variable x having the PDF shown
in the figure given below

, 8010009955
 1  27   1  28 7
=   = 
Px (x) 4 3  12 3
2
 Var [x] = E  x 2   E  x 
7 2 7 4
=  1 = 1 =  1.33
x 3 3 3
-1 0 1 2 3
63. Consider the following statements with respect
the mean and the variance are, respectively
to bilinear transformation method of digital filter

R
(a) 0.5 and 0.66 design :

(b) 2.0 and 1.33 1. It preserves the number of poles and thereby

TE
the order of the filter.
(c) 1.0 and 0.66
2. It maintains the phase response of the
(d) 1.0 and 1.33 analog filter.
3. The impulse response of the analog filter is
Sol. (d) not preserved.
Given,
AS
Which of the above statements are correct ?
Px(x)
(a) 1, 2 and 3
1
(b) 1 and 2 only
x
–1 0 1 2 3 (c) 1 and 3 only
M

(d) 2 and 3 only

1 Sol. (c)
So, f x(x) =
4
 Bilinear transformation is a mapping from the
Mean E[x] =  xfx  x  dx s plane to z plane defined by
S


3
1 2  1  z 1 
=  x dx s =  
4 Ts  1  z 1 
IE

1
3
1  x2 
=   The bilinear transformation is a rational function
4  2  1
that maps the left half s plane inside the unit
1  9  1 8 circle and maps the j axis in a one to one
=  1
4  2  8 manner onto the unit circle.
Variance; Var[x] = E  x 2   E  x 2 Bilinear Transformation only preserve the

2
magnitude response of analog filter.
E[x 2] = x fx  x  dx
 64. Consider the following statements :
3 3
2 1 1  x3 
=  x  dx =   The 8259A Programmable Interrupt Controller
1
4 4  3  1
an

, 8010009955
 1. manage eight interrupts Sol. (b)
2. vector an interrupt request anywhere in the Only the control word is required to use the
memory map parallel ports and to choose the mode 0, 1
3. have 8-bit or 16-bit interval between interrupt or 2. Control word performs functions similar
vector locations to that of the status register.

R
4. be initialized with operational command
66. Consider a point-to-point communication
words
network represented by a graph. In terms of
Which of the above statements are correct ? the graph parameters, the maximum delay

TE
(quality of service) experienced by a packet
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 2 and 4 only employing Bellman-Ford routing algorithm is/
(c) 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 are:

1. diameter of the graph

Sol. (b)
2. shortest path on the graph
AS
The 8259A programmable interrupt controller 3. sum of all edge weights in te graph
can manage eight interrupts according to Select the correct using the code given below:
instruction written into its control registers. It
can vector an interrupt request any where in (a) 1 only
the memory map. Interrupts can be spaced (b) 2 only
at the interval either 4 or 8 locations. It is
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compatible with 8085 (8 bits) and 8086/88 (c) 3 only

(16 bits). 8259A requires two types of control (d) 1, 2 and 3
words: Initialization commands words (ICWs)
and operational command words (OCWs). Sol. (b)
S

65. What are the conditions which are necessary Shortest-path algorithms can be divided into
for using a parallel port ? two classes : distance vector and link state.
Distance vector algorithms are based on
1. Initializing by placing appropriate bits at the
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dynamic programming models and can

control register implemented in a distributed asynchronous
2. Calling on interrupt whenever a status flag framework using local cost estimates. The
sets at the status register basic distance vector algorithm is known as
3. Interrupting serv icing (device driv er) the Bellman-ford algorithm or the Ford-
programming Fulkerson method.
Select the correct answer using the code given 67. Let RSA prime numbers be p = 3 and q = 11.
below : If the corresponding public key e=3, what is
the private key ?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(a) 4 (b) 5
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 6 (d) 7
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 2 and 3 only Sol. (d)

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 P = 3, q = 11, e = 3 1. It enables two hosts to establish a
n = p × q = 3 × 11 = 33 connection and exchange streams of data.
2. It guarantees delivery of data in the same
  n   P  1  q  1   3  1 11  1  20 order in which they are sent.
e.d. = 1 mod  n  3. TCP segmentation offload is used to reduce
the CPU overhead of TCP/IP on fast
3d = 1 mod 20 networks.

R
3d = 21
Which of the above statements are correct?
d = 7
(a) 1 and 2 only
68. The maximum radiation for an endfire array

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occurs at (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(a) 0  0
(d) 1, 2 and 3

(b) 0 
2 Sol. (d)
AS
 70. The transmission path loss for a geostationary
(c) 0   satellite signal for uplink frequency of 6 GHz is
2
(a) 60 dB
3
(d) 0  (b) 92 dB
2
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(c) 184 dB
Sol. (a)
(d) 200 dB
 = 90°
Sol. (d)
S

2
 4df 
Free space path Loss = 10log10  
180°  = 0°  C 
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 4df 
= 20log10  
C 
 4 
= 20log10 d  20log10 f   20log10  
270° C
= 20log10 36 10 6   20log10 6 109   147.55
The radiation pattern of a broad side type of
= 151.12+195.56 – 147.55
array is shown above. The maximum radiation
= 199.13 dB = 200 dB
occurs at   0 and 180°.
71. Consider the following statements :
69. Consider the following statements regarding
If the maximum range of radar has to be
TCP:
doubled

, 8010009955
 1. the peak transmitted power may be
increased 16 folds
2. the antenna diameter may be doubled
3. the sensitivity of receiver may be doubled
4. the transmitted pulse width may be doubled
Sol. (c)
Most communication satellites are located in
the Geostationary orbit at an altitude of
approximately 35,786 km above the equator.
If we are located on the equator and are

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Which of the above statements are correct? communicating with a satellite directly overhead
then total distance, single hop is nearly 72,000
(a) 1 and 2 km so the time delay is 240 ms.

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(b) 2 and 3
73. The field strength at the receiving antenna
(c) 3 and 4 location at a distance of 28 km from a half-
wave dipole transmitter radiating 0.1 kW is :
(d) 1 and 4
(a) 1.5 mV/m
Sol. (a)
AS
(b) 2.5 mV/m
The maximum range in a radar is given by
(c) 3.5 mV/m
 PD4S 1 4
rmax = 48  2 
t
    (d) 4.5 mV/m
 f F 1 
rmax = maximum radar range, km Sol. (c)
Pt = peak pulse power, W
M

D = antenna diameter, m For half wave dipole, Rrad = 73 

S = effective cross section area of target m 2 12
 Prad = I0 . Rrad.
f = receiver bandwidth, Hz 2
 = wavelength, m
2Prad 2  0.1 10 3
S

F = noise figure (expressed as a ratio) 2   2.74

 I0 =
R rad 73
rmax  Pt 
14

 I 0 = 1.65 A
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14
rmax  D4  Now, for half wave dipole
rmax  D 60I0
E =
Now evaluating the options. r
1 and 2 are correct.
60  1.65
72. What is the maximum signal propagation time  E = 3
 0.0035 v/m
28  10
for a geosynchronous satellite transmission
system?  E   3.5 mv
m
(a) 140 ms
(b) 220 ms 74. Consider the following loop :

(c) 280 ms MOV CX, 8000h

L1: DEC CX
(d) 560 ms
JNZ L1

, 8010009955
 The processor is running at 14.7456/3 MHz Jitter for the packets of a session from the
and DEC CX requires 2 clock cycles and JNZ source node to the destination node is/are
requires 16 clock cycles. The total time taken
1. always zero
is nearly
2. non-zero
(a) 0.01 s 3. for some networks, zero
(b) 0.12 s Select the correct answer using the code given

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(c) 3.66 s below.

(d) 4.19 s (a) 1

(b) 2 only

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Sol. (b)
(c) 3 only
8000H = 8×163+0×162+0×161+0×160 (d) 2 and 3
= 32768
Required T states for loop = 2+16 = 18 T
Sol. (b)
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states
 Time taken I n com puter networki ng, packet del ay
1 variation (PDV) is the difference in end to
= 18  32768  end between selected packets in a flow with
14.7456 3106
any lost packets being ignored. The effect is
18  32768 referred to as jitter.
=  0.12 sec.
4.9152 106
M

Jitter is the variation in latency as measured

75. A microwave communication link employs two
antennas for transmission and reception
elevated at 200 m and 80 m, respectively.
Considring obliqueness of the Earth, the
maximum possible link distance is :
S
in the variability over time of the packet
latency across a network. Packet Delay
Variation (PDV) is an important quality of
service factor in assessment of network

performance.
(a) 46 km It is non zero and minimized by various
methods and devices.
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(b) 64 km
77. Molydenum has a Body-Centered Cubic, (BCC)
(c) 96 km
structure with an atomic radius of 1.36 Å. Then
(d) 102 km the lattice parameter for BCC molybdenum is:
(a) 2.77Å (b) 3.14Å
Sol. (c)
(c) 5.12Å (d) 6.28Å

Link distance = 4.12  200  80 km Sol. (b)

= 95.11 km = 96 km For BCC
76. Consider a packet switched network based on 3
a virtual circuit mode of switching. The delay ar
4

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 If K = 1, ideal coupling
4 4
So a = r = × 1.36Å = 3.14Å K < 1; loose coupling
3 3
So, statement-I is correct.
Directions :
Now, emf induced in a coil,
Each of the next thirteen (13) items consists of

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di
two statements, one labelled as ‘Statement (I)’ e = L
and the other as ‘Statement (II)’. Examine these dt
two statements carefully and select the answers i.e. emf is directly proportional to the self-

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to these items using the code given below : inductance. So, lower the self-inductance of
a coil, less will be the emf induced.
Code :
So, statement-II is false.
(a) Both Statement(I) and Statement(II) are
79. Statement (I) :
individually true and Statement (II) is the
AS
correct explanation of Statement(I) The direction of dynamically induced e.m.f. in
(b) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are a conductor is determined by Fleming’s left-
individually true but Statement (II) is not the hand rule.
correct explanation of Statement (I)
(c) Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is Statement (II) :
false.
M

(d) Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is The mut ual i nductance between two
true. magnetically isolated coils is zero.

78. Statement (I) : Sol. (d)

The coupling between two magnetically coupled The direction of dynamically induced e.m.f.
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coils is said to be ideal if the coefficient of in a conductor is determined by Fleming’s

coupling is unity. right-hand rule. Therefore statement I is false.
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Statement (II) : 80. Statement (I) :

Lower the self-inductance of a coil, more will
be the e.m.f. induced.
Sol. (c)
Coefficient of coupling is defined as the
fraction of total flux that links the coils.
Photodiodes are not used in relay circuits.
Statement (II) :
The current needed to activate photodiodes is
very low even at high light intensities.

Coupling between two magnetically coupled Sol. (d)

coils depends on the distance between the
coils and orientation of coils. A photo diode is very much used in relay circuits
to realise photorelay circuits in which circuit
M opens and closes the relay contacts according
Coefficient of coupling, K = L1L 2 to the light. Hence statement I is false.

, 8010009955
 The photodiode is connected in reverse biased 82. Statement (I) :
condition. The only current flowing through it FIR filters are always stable.
will be due to the minority carrier hence
statement II is true. Statement (II) :
IIR filters require less memory and are less
81. Statement (I) : complex.
An autotransformer is economical in using
copper in its manufacture. Sol. (b)

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Statement (II) : FIR filters are inherently stable because all the
The section of the winding common to both poles of the FIR filter lies at Z = 0 (i.e. inside

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primary and secondary circuits carries only the the unit circle).
difference of primary and secondary currents.
IIR filters are also known as recessive filters.
Sol. (b) Since IIR filter implementation requires less no.
of coefficient multipliers, when implemented
Let W auto as weight of copper in auto recursively. Thus, they require less memory and
AS
transformer and W TW as weight of copper in are less complex.
two winding transformer.
83. Statement (I) :
Wauto 1 VH Nuclear power plants are suitable only for base
 1 where a = >1
WTW aA A VL load operation.
M

Wauto Statement (II) :

1
WTW Nuclear power reactor cannot respond to load
W Auto < W TW fluctuation efficiently.

IH Sol. (a)
S

 Solar insolation is a measure of solar

IL radiation energy received on a given surface
IE

area in a given time. It is commonly

VH
expressed as average irradiance in watts
I Load per square meter (W/m 2) or killowatt-hours
VL
per square. Hence, statement I is true.
 Solar photovoltaic system or solar (PV
system) is one of the renewable energy
I = IL – IH
system which uses PV module to convert
So, statement (I) and (II) both are correct but sunlight into electricity and in general solar
statement (II) is not the correct explanation of insolation data are used to achieve this
statement (I). module.

, 8010009955
84. Statement (I) :
Solar insolation is a measure of solar irradiance
over a specified peiod of time
Statement (II) :
Solar insolation data are commonly used for
isolated PV system design.
Sol. (a) 84.
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• Solar insolation is a measure of solar
radiation energy received on a given surface
area in a given time. It is commonly
expressed as average irradiance in watts
per square meter (W/m2) or kilowatt-hours
AS
per square. Hence, statement I is true.
• Solar photovoltaic system or solar (PV
system) is one of the renewable energy
system which uses PV module to convert
sunlight into electricity and in general solar
insolation data are used to achieve this
M
module.
85. Statement (I) :
The smallest change of input detectable at the
output is called the resolution of a transducer.
S
Statement (II) :
A high resolution means high accuracy.
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Sol. (b)
Statement-I: Resolution of a transducer means
the smallest change in the input that can be
detected. Hence it is true.
Statement-II: A high resolution is always
required because it will provide high accuracy.
Hence it is true.
Both the statements are correct but statement II
does not follow from statement I because
statement I is defenition whereas statement II
is application.
86. Statement (I) :
Constant M and N circles, as also Nichols’
charts are graphical techniques to assess
closed-loop performance in the frequency
domain.
R
Statement (II) :
While constant M and N circles use Nyquist
polar plots data, Nichols’ chart uses Bode plots
data.
Sol. (b)
The Nichols chart consists of M and N
contours super imposed on ordinary graph.
Along each M contour the magnitude of
closed loop system, M will be a constant.
Along each N contour, the phase of closed
loop system will be constant.
The Nichols chart is used to find the closed
loop frequency response.
The statement II is also correct.
87. Statement (I) :
PID control system performs better than most
predictive control methods in the context of
measured distrubances.
Sol. (a)
PID controllers are most popular controller
and it is an essential part of any control loop
in process industry.
The statement II is also correct and correct
explanation of statement I.
88. Statement (I) :
Large RAM with MOS circuit technology is used
for the main memory in a computer system.
Statement (II)
An important application of ROM is to store
system programs, library subroutines, etc.
, 8010009955
Sol. (b) 90. Statement (I) :
Speech enhancement techniques are used to
 Large RAM with MOS circuit technology can
make a processed speech signal sound
be used for the main memory because of its
superior to the unprocessed one.
high package density and we call it as DRAM.
Here speed of operation is lower than SRAM
Statement (II) :
but size is more because of high package
A ‘perfect signal’ is required as reference for
density. Hence statement (I) is true.
speech enhancement

R
 Rom is used to store system programs like
Sol. (c)
Bootstrap and library subroutines etc. As it is
non volatile memory. Hence statement (II) is

TE
Speech enhancement aim to improve speech
true.
quality by using improved algorithms. The
But statement (II) is not correct explanation of objective of enhancement is improvement in
statement (I). intelligibility and overall perceptual quality of
degraded speech signal using audio signal
Therefore option (b) is correct. processing techniques.
AS
In single channel enhancement of noisy
89. Statement (I) :
speech no reference signal is available so
Elements with non-minimum phade transfer statement two is false.
functions introduce large phase lags with
increasing frequency resulting in complex 91. A 12-bit A/D converter has a full-scale analog
compensation problems. input of 5 V. Its resolution is :
M

(a) 1.22 mV
Statement (II)
(b) 2.44 mV
Transportation lag commonly encountered in
process control systems is a non-minimum (c) 3.66 mV
S

phase element. (d) 4.88 mV

Sol. (b)
Sol. (a)
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Transfer functions having at least one pole V

or zero in the RHS of s-plane are called Resolution of 12 bits A/D converter = n
2 1
non-minimum phase transfer functions. The 5 5
elements with non-minimum phase transfer =   1.22mV
212  1 4095
functions introduce large phase lags with
increasing frequency resulting in complex 92. Which of the following circuits converts/convert
compensation problems. a binary number on the input to a one-hot
encoding at the output ?
The transfer function of transportation lag is
1. 3 to 8 binary decoder
1 sT1
G(s) = 2. 8 to 3 binary decoder
1  sT2

, 8010009955
 3. Comparator Sol. (d)
Select the correct answer using the code given Given, Y = F(A, B, C, D)
below.
= m  0,2,3,6,7    d  8,10,11,15 
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only Using K-map
CD

R
(c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
AB 00 01 11 10
00
Sol. (a)

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01 1 AC
In digital circuit, one-hot refers to a group of
11
bits among which the legal combinations of
values are only those with a single high (1) bit 10
and all the other low (0). It is often used for
indicating the state of a state machine. y = AC  BD
AS
94. A circuit outputs a digit in a the form of 4 bits.
Binary One  Hot
0 is represented by 0000, 1 is represented by
000 00000001 0001,...., 9 by 1001. A combinational circuit is
001 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 to be designed which takes 4 bits as input and
output as 1, if the digit is  5, and 0 otherwise.
0 10 0 0 0 0 0 10 0
If only AND, OR and NOT gates may be used,
M

0 11 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 what is the minimum number of gates required?

10 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0
(a) 4 (b) 3
10 1 0 0 10 0 0 0 0
(c) 2 (d) 1
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11 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Sol. (b)
111 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Input Output
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It can be implemented by using a 3 to 8 A B C D Y

Decoder. 0 0 0 0 0
93. The simiplification in minimal sum of product 0 0 0 1 0
(SOP) of 0 0 1 0 0
Y  F(A,B,C,D) 0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 0 0
 m (0,2,3,6,7)   d (8,10,11,15)
0 1 0 1 1
using K-maps is : 0 1 1 0 1
(a) Y  AC  BD (b) Y  AC  BD 0 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1
(c) Y  AC  BD (d) Y  AC  BD
1 0 0 1 1

, 8010009955
Y  A,B,C,D    m (5,6,7,8,9)   d 10,11,12,13,14,15  No. of Deodar D–2 required = K
Y m2
CD
00 01 11 10
m1 = K1
AB
00 0 0 0 0 K1
m1 = K2

K2

R
01 0 1 1 1
m1 = K3

11 X X X X 

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Till 0 or 1

10 1 1 X X 2 3,4
= 0, 1
m1 m1

Y = A  BD  BC
3  8  6  64
AS
= A  B C  D D –1 D–2

C
64 
 8
D 8 
9
8
B 1 
M

8 
Y
A
No. of 3 to 8 line decoder required to
Minim um num ber of G at e required t o
construct a 6 to 64 line decoder = 9
implement the output expression = 3
96. The mint erm expansion of F(A,B,C) 
S

95. How many 3 to 8 line decoders with an enabler

input are needed to construct a 6 to 64 line
AB  BC  AC is
decoder without using any other logic gates ?
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(a) 11 (a) m2  m4  m6  m1
(b) 10
(b) m0  m1  m3  m5
(c) 9
(c) m7  m6  m2  m4
(d) 8

Sol. (c) (d) m2  m3  m4  m5

Expansion of Decoder Sol. (c)

n1  m1  n2  m2
D –1 D–2 Given, F(A,B,C) = AB  BC  AC

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 Using K-map Frequency at output of flip-flop
Input frequency 100MHz
BC = n = = 12.5 MHz
2 23
A 00 01 11 10
99. The addi tion of the two numbers
0 BC (1A8)16  (67B)16 will be :

R
1 AB
(a) (889)16
AC

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(b) (832)16
Hence, F(A,B,C) = m 2+m 4+m 6+m 7
(c) (823)16
97. The output of a NOR gate is :
(d) (723)16
(a) high if all of its inputs are high
AS
(b) low if all of its inputs are low Sol. (c)
(c) high if all of its inputs are low In hexadecimal system (in which Base is 16)
A stand for 10 and B stands for 11
(d) high if only one of its inputs is low
so,
Sol. (c)
1 A 8 
1 1
M

 19 
16
  8  11  16  Re m  3 & Carry  1 
Truth table for NOR is  6 7 B 16  
 18 
A B OP (8 2 3)16   1  10  7  16  Re m  2 & Carry  1
0 0 1
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0 1 0 100. If the operating f requency of an 8086

1 0 0 microprocessor is 10 MHz and, if for the given
1 1 0 instruction, the machine cycle consists of 4 T-
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i.e. output is high if all of its inputs are low. states, what will be the time taken by the
machine cycle to complete the execution of
98. If the input to a T flip-flop is a 100 MHz signal, that same instruction when three wait states
the final output of three T flip-flops in a cascade are inserted ?
is :
(a) 0.4 s
(a) 1000 MHz
(b) 0.7 s
(b) 520 MHz
(c) 333 MHz (c) 7 s
(d) 12.5 MHz
(d) 70 s

Sol. (d) Sol. (b)

, 8010009955
 Operating frequency = 10 MHz 0 x
 a bu   a bu 
So each state corresponds to =  e   e 
b    b 0
1 a   a 
 0.1 sec = 1  0     e  bx  1 
10MH2 b b 
So time taken to complete execution a
= 2  ebx 
= 4T  3T (wait state) b
102. Consider the following statements regarding

R
= 7 T
= 0.7 µsec electrical properties of ceramic materials :
101. The probabil ity density f unct ion 1. They are practically non-conductors at lower
temperatures.

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b|x|,
F(x)  ae where x is a random variable
2. Ordinary glass and silicates in molten state
whose allowable value range is from x   are dependable as electrical non-
to x   . The CDF for this function for x  0 conductors.
is 3. They off er high resistance to current
transmission and get heated soon when
AS
a bx conducting electric current.
(a) e
b Which of the above statements are correct?

a bx
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) (2  e )
b (b) 1 and 3 only
M

(c) 1 and 3 only

a bx
(c)  e (d) 1, 2 and 3
b
Sol. (b)
a  bx
(d)  (2  e )
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b Ceramic materials are electrically insulator.

These materials has high resistance to flow
Sol. (b) the current at high temperature. These
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materials and also thermally insulator.

Given PDF F(x) = ae b x
103. If primary and secondary windings of core-type
 single-phase transformer are wound on non-
b x
CDF =  ae dx magnetic core, then the

for x  0
1. efficiency of the transformer will decrease
x x
b u
CDF =  f u du =  ae du 2. efficiency of the transformer will increase
x 
0 x 3. transformer regulation will increase
=  aebu du   ebu du 4. transformer regulation will decrease
 0

, 8010009955
 Which of the above possibilities are realized? deviation set by FCC, (), is 75 kHz, the range
(a) 1 and 4 of the modulation index is :

(b) 1 and 3 (a) 100 to 750

(c) 2 and 3 (b) 100 to 250

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(d) 2 and 4 (c) 50 to 750

Sol. (b) (d) 50 to 250

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In non magnetic core higher magnetization Sol. (c)
current will be required to establish the same
flux due to less permeability. It implies more Here, minimum frequency of message signal
losses and hence less efficiency. More losses f m (min) = 100 Hz
means drop in voltage is more which causes maximum f requency of message signal
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high voltage regulation. f m (max) = 1.5 KHz
Maximum frequency deveation   75KHz
104. In the case of small BJT model with common
Minimum modulation index m f (min)
emitter, the collector current ic is 1.3 mA, when
 75
the collector-emitter voltage is v ce of 2.6 V.. = f max =  50
m 1.5
M

The output conductance of the circuit is :

Maximum Modulation Index m f(max) =
(a) 2.0 m (b) 2.0 m  75 103
=  750
fm min 100
(c) 0.5 m (d) 0.5 m
 Range will be 50 to 750
S

Sol. (d) 106. An amplitude-modulated amplifier has a radio

frequency output of 60 W at 100% modulation.
The output conductance of the BJT circuit is
IE

The internal loss in the modulator is 6 W. What

given as is the unmodulated carrier power ?
ic (a) 33 W
gm =
Vce
(b) 36 W
3
1.3  10 (c) 40 W
 gm =
2.6
(d) 44 W
 gm = 0.5 m . Ans
105. An FM broadcasting radio station transmits Sol. (d)
signals of frequency 100 MHz with a power of
10 kW. The bandwidth of the modulation signal Here, Output power P out = 60 W
is from 100 Hz to 1.5 kHz. If the maximum Internal power loss P d = 6 W

, 8010009955
  Total input power P in = Pout + Pd = 60+6 (c) the lowest frequency pole among all poles
= 66 W (d) the highest frequency pole at least two
Now, unmodulated carrier power (PC) is given octaves higher than other poles
by: Sol. (b)
 Dominant Pole Concept
m2 
Pin = Pc 1   j
 2 
Region of Region of

R
 1
 66 = Pc 1   m  100% insignificant dominant
2 pole pole

66  2 

TE
 Pc = = 44 W
3 D

107. The figure shows the block diagram of a

frequency discriminator. What does the second
block represent ?
AS
The pole which are nearer to j axis is
xc (t) d yc (t)
dominant pole and the pole which are away
dt
from the j axis is known as insignificant
pole.
(a) Envelope detector
(b) Low-pass filter The distance D between dominant pole and
M

insignificant pole is 5 to 10 times of the

(c) Ratio detector
magnitude of dominant pole or pair of
(d) Band-reject filter complex dominant pole.
109. if only one multiplexer and one inverter are
Sol. (a) allowed to be used to implement any Boolean
S

function of n variables, what is the maximum

Frequency discriminator or slope detector size of the multiplexer needed ?
method is used for demodulation of F.M. The
IE

ideal frequency discriminator block diagram (a) 2n 2 line to 1 line

is shown below:
S(t) S 1(t) V1(t) (b) 2n1 line to 1 line
Envelope
Differentiation
Detector
(c) 2n1 line to 1 line
 t 
where s(t) = A c cos  2fc t  2K f  m  d
 0  (d) 2n  2 line to 1 line
(FM signal)
108. A dominant pole is determined as Sol. (b)
(a) the highest frequency pole among all poles To realize n variables boolean function the
(b) the lowest frequency pole at least two MUX required = 2n 1  1 .
octaves lower than other poles

, 8010009955
 Example : Implement the boolean function C
using MUX. Given, = 6
W
Eb W C W
F  A,B,C    m  0,2,5,7  = 2  1
N0 C
MUX required = 2n 1  1  2 31  1  4  1 Eb 1 6
=  2  1

R
Select Line : BC N0 6
Eb 1
I0 I1 I2 I3
N0
=  63 = 10.5
6

TE
A 0 1 2 3
111. What is the required bandwidth of a PCM
A 4 5 6 7
system for 256 quantization levels when 48
A A A A telephone channels, each band limited to 4 kHz,
are to be time-division multiplexed by this PCM?

(a) 6.246 MHz

AS
A I0
(b) 3.464 MHz
I1
4×1
MUX
Y (c) 3.072 MHz
I2
(d) 1.544 MHz
I3 Sol. (d)
M

S1 S0
In PCM system, No. of quantization levels
(L) = 2n = 256
B C
 n = 8
Bandwidth of each channel = 4KHz
S

Eb
110. What is the minimum N required to achieve  Sampling frequency = 4×2 = 8KHz
0 Required Bandwidth = mnf s /2 where m = no.
a spectral efficiency of 6 bps/Hz?
of channels = 8×8×103×48/2
IE

(a) 5.2 = 1.536 MHz

(b) 5.3 112. The modulation scheme used in GSM is :

(c) 10.5 (a) frequency shift keying

(d) 15.8 (b) phase shift keying
(c) Gaussian minimum shift keying
Sol. (c)
(d) amplitude shift keying
Eb
Minimum N required to achieve a spectral Sol. (c)
0
efficiency of 6bps/Hz Guassian minimum shift keying is used in
GSM.

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113. The basic motivation behind the development 115. The largest error between reference input and
of digital modulation techniques is : output during the transient period is called :

(a) to develop a digital communication field (a) peak error

(b) to institute methods for translating digital (b) transient overshoot
message from baseband to passband
(c) peak overshoot
(c) to develop digitized versions of analog
(d) transient deviation

R
modulation schemes
(d) to improve upon pulse modulation schemes Sol. (c)

TE
C(t)
Sol. (b)
The basic motivation behind the development Mp
of digital modulation techniques is to institute
methods for translating digital message from 1
baseband to passband.
AS
114. The received signal level for a particular digital
system is –151 dBW and the effective noise t
temperature of the receiver system is 1500 K.
Eb The largest Error between reference input
The value of N required for a link transmitting and output during transient period is called
0
2400 bps is : peak over shoot.
M

MP = C(tp) – C()
(a) –12 dB
C(tp)  Response at Peak time
(b) –1.2 dB
(c) +1.2 dB C     steady state Response
S

(d) +12 dB Peak overshoot is maximum overshoot over

its steady state value.
Sol. (d) 116. Consider the follwing statemtns regarding
IE

‘relative stability’:
C
= –151 It is defined
N
B = 2400
1. in terms of gain margin only
T = 1500 K
Eb
2. in terms of phase margin and certain other
C
= parameters
N0 NKTB
3. In terms of gain margin, phase margin and
C
= 10log10  10log10 T  10log10 B  10log10 K location of poles in s-plane
N
= 151 10log10 1500  10log10 2400  228.6 4. in relation to another identified system
= 12.04 dB Which of the above statements are correct ?

, 8010009955
 (a) 1 and 2 (a) 1, 2 and 3

(b) 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only

(c) 3 and 4 (c) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1 and 4 (d) 1 and 3 only

R
Sol. (c) Sol. (None)

Gain Margin and Phase Margin of the system 1

TE
gives relative stability. G(s) = s 1  sT   Type  1
Relative stability is analysis of how fast transient
has died out in the system. If we moves away (i) Position Error constant.
from j axis in left half of s plane then relative 1
K p  lim G  s   lim 
stability of system improves. s 0 s 0 s 1  sT 
AS
j
(iii) (ii) (i) (ii) Acceleration Error constant.

1
K a  lim s 2G  s   lim s 2 0
s 0 s0 s 1  sT 

(iii) r(t) = u(t)

M

Steady State Error


1
s
ess = lim s 0
s 0 1
1
s 1  sT 
S

(III) is relatively more stable to (II) 118. Consider a discrete memoryless source with
IE

(II) is relatively more stable to (I). source alphabet S  {s0 ,s1,s2 } with probabilities

117. Consider the following statements :

1 1 1
P(s0 )  , P(s1 )  and P(s2 ) 
For a type-1 and a unity feedback system, 4 4 2
having unity gain in the forward path The entropy of the source is

1. positional error constant K p is equal to zero 1 2

(a) bit (b) bit
2 3
2. acceleration error constant K a is equal to zero
3 1
3. steady state error ess per unit-step (c) bit (d) bit
2 3
displacement input is equal to 1
Sol. (c)
Which of the above statements are correct?

, 8010009955
 (a) K > 0.3
1 1 1
Given P(s0) = ,P  s1   ,P  s 2  
4 4 2 (b) K < 0.05
2 (c) 0.05 < K < 0.3
 1 
Entropy (H) = K 0 PK log2  P 

 K (d) K > 0
1 1 1
= log2 4  log2 4  log2 2 Sol. (b)
4 4 2

R
2 2 1 3
=    bits
4 4 2 2
k s  2s  1
Given, H(s) = 1 and G(s) = 
s  0.1s  1
119. For a lead compensator, whose transfer

TE
the characteristic equation is
sa
function is given by K ;a, b  0 (s+0.1) (s–1) + k(s+1)(s+2) = 0
sb
or s2(1+k) + s(3k–0.9) + (2k–0.1) = 0
(a) a < b
RH table :
(b) a > b
s2 1  k  2k  0.1
AS
(c) a  Kb s1 3k  0.9

(d) a  0 s0 2k  0.1

2K – 0.1 < 0  K < 0.05
Sol. (a)
For closed loop system to have one pole in
M

The given transfer function can be re-written the right half of s-plane, only option (b)
as satisfies.

K s  a  Ka 1  s a 121. Consider the following statements :

=
sb b 1 s b
The output of a linear circuit, driven with a sine
S

Now, for this to be a transfer function of lead wave at a frequency f, is itself a sine wave
compensator.
1. at the same frequency
IE

1 2. with chance of changed amplitude

b  1 or a  1 3. with chances of changed amplitude and
1 b
phase
a
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
 a < b
(a) 1 and 2
120. A unity feedback system has open loop transfer
(b) 1 only
function with two of its poles located at –0.1, 1;
(c) 1 and 3
and two zeroes located at -2 and -1 with a
variable gain K. For what value (s) of K would (d) 2 only
the closed-loop system have one pole in the
Sol. (c)
right half of the s-plane ?

, 8010009955
 Sol. (d)
R(j ) C(j)
T(j) If photons of sufficient energies illuminate
the semiconductor, photo generation takes
place and the following transitions are
r(t) = A sin  t   possible:

R
R  j  = A
• An electron-hole pair can be created by
a high energy photon.
R  j = 

TE
• A photon may excite a donor electron into
T  j = M the conduction band.

T  j  = M • Or a valence electron may go into an

acceptor state.
T  j = 
AS
The last two transitions are known as impurity
C (t) = AM sin  t      excitations.

C  j   AM 123. Thermal runaway is not possible in FET

C  j      because as the temperature of the FET
increase
Output of a linear circuit with sinusoidal input
M

is sinusoidal. But the Amplitude and phase (a) mobility decreases

of the output has been changed.
(b) trans-conductance increases
122. Consider the following statements :
(c) drain current increases
S

The main contribution to photo conduction is

by (d) trans-conductance decreases

1. the generation of electron and hole pair by

IE

Sol. (a)
a photon
2. a donor electron jumping into the conduction FET possess a temperature coefficient at
band because of a photon’s energy high current levels that prevents the thermal
3. a valence electron jumping into an acceptor runaway phenomena that may occur in BJT.
state because of a photon’s energy This is because, at all but very low drain
currents, the temperature dependence is
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
dominated by the negative temperature
(a) 1 only
coefficient of the threshold voltage. This
(b) 2 only means that, as the temperature of the FET
(c) 3 only increases, the mobility of the charge carriers
in the channel decreases.
(d) 1, 2 and 3

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124. For JFET, the drain current ID is: 126. The n-p-n transistor made of silicon has a DC
base bias voltage 15 V and an input base


1/2 resistor 150K . Then the value of the base
VGS 
(a) IDSS  1   current into the transistor is
 Vp 
(a) 0.953 A
 VGS 
(b) 9.53 A
(b) IDSS 1  V 

R
 p 
(c) 95.3 A
3/2
 VGS  (d) 953 A

TE
(c) IDSS  1  
 Vp  Sol. (c)
VCC
2
 VGS 
(d) IDSS  1   RC
 Vp 
RB
AS
VB
Sol. (d)

For JFET the drain current,

 VGS 
2 Given, VB = 15V and RB = 150k

I 0 = DSS 
I 1  ...Shockley’s equation
 Vp 
M

VB – I BRB = 0.7

VB  0.7 15  0.7
125. For n-channel depletion MOSFET, the highest IB = = = 95.33A
trans-conductance gain for small signal is at RB 150 103
S

(a) VGS  0V 127. A signal may have frequency components

which lie in the range of 0.001 Hz to 10 Hz.
(b) VGS  Vp Which one of the following types of couplings
IE

should be chosen in a multistage amplifier

designed to amplify the signal?
(c) VGS | Vp |
(a) Capacitor coupling
(d) VGS  Vp (b) Direct coupling
(c) Transformer coupling
Sol. (a) (d) Double-tuned transformer coupling

 VGS  Sol. (b)

The transconductance, gm = gm0 1 
 Vp 
To amplify a low frequency (0.001Hz to 10Hz)
Where, gmo is the highest transconductance si gnal s, d i rect coupl i ng i s used i n a
at VGS = 0V multistage amplifier.

, 8010009955
128. If an input impedance of op-amp is finite, then the intensity of light that falls upon its
which one of the following statements related photosensitive material.
to virtual ground is correct ?
131. In graded index multimode optical fiber the
(a) Virtual ground condition may exist. refractive index of the core is
(b) Virtual ground condition cannot exist
(a) uniform across its radial distance except for

R
(c) In case of op-amp, virtual ground condition the cladding
always exists.
(b) maximum at the fiber axis and decreased
(d) Cannot make a valid declaration stepwise towards the cladding

TE
Sol. (b) (c) maximum at the fiber axis and decreases
gradually towards the cladding.
The virtual ground condition exist only if the
input impedance of op-amp is infinite. (d) maximum at the fiber axis and increases
stepwise towards the cladding
129. Hysteresis is desirable in a Schmitt-trigger
AS
because Sol. (c)
(a) energy is to be stored/discharged in parasitic
In a graded multimode optical fiber the
capacitances
refractive index of the core is maximum at
(b) effects of temperature variations would be the fiber axis and starts decreasing gradually
compensated towards the cladding.
(c) devices in the circuit should be allowed time n2
M

for saturating and de-saturation n1

(d) it would prevent noise from causing false
triggering
Sol. (d) 132. Consider the following factors :
S

Hysteresis is desirable in a schmitt trigger 1. Number of turns of the coil

because it prevents noise from causing false
2. Length of the coil
triggering. If the peak-to-peak noise voltage
IE

3. Area of cross-section of the coil

is less than the hysteresis, the noise cannot
produce false triggering. 4. Permeability of the core

130. In a photoconductive cell the resistance, of the On which of the above factors does inductance,
semiconductor material varies with intensity of depend ?
incident light. (a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(a) directly
(b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(b) inversely
(c) exponentially (c) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(d) logarithmically
(d) 2 and 4 only
Sol (b)
Sol. (c)
The photoconductive cell is a semiconductor
device whose resistance varies inversely with Inductance of a coil,

, 8010009955
 134. Consider the following statements :
N2
L = 1. Flaming’s rule is used where induced e.m.f.
S
is due to flux cutting.
N2 2. Leng’z law is used when the induced e.m.f.
=    is due to change in flux linkages.
  A  3. Lenz’s law is direct consequence of the
 0 r 
law of conservation of energy.

R
Which of the above statements are correct ?
0 r AN 2 (a) 1 and 2 only
=

(b) 1 and 3 only

TE
So, Inductance of a coil depends on (c) 2 and 3 only
(i) Permeability of the core (d) 1, 2 and 3
(ii) Area of cross-section of the coil
Sol. (d)
(iii) Number of turns of the coil Induce e.m.f. by Fleming’s right hand rule.
AS
(iv) Length of the coil. Lenz’s law is a manifestation of conservation
of energy.
133. A mathematical expression for 50 Hz sinusoidal Also Lenz’s law is based on Faraday’s law
voltage of peak value 80V will be of induction.
(a) v  50 sin 314t 135. a conductor of length 1 m moves at right angles
(b) v  50 sin 80t to a uniform magnetic field of flux density
M

2 Wb/m2 with a velocity of 50 m/s. What is the

(c) v  80 sin 314t value of the induced e.m.f. when the conductor
(d) v  80 sin 50t moves at an angle of 30° to the direction of
the field ?
Sol. (c)
S

(a) 75 V (b) 50 V
Mathematical expression of a sinusoidal (c) 25 V (d) 12.5 V
voltage is,
IE

Sol. (b)
V = Vm sin t  Vm sin 2 ft
Given,
Where, V is instantaneous voltage
Magnetic flux density, B = 2Wb/m 2
Vm is peak voltage Velocity of the conductor, v = 50m/s
 is angular frequency in rad/s. Angl e bet ween di rect ion of conductor
f is frequency in Hz. movement and magnetic field,   30º
Given, f = 50 Hz Length of the conductor, l = 1m
Vm = 80 V  Induced e.m.f. = Bl v sin 
So, V = 80 sin (2×50)t = 2×1×50×sin(30º)
V = 80 sin 314 t. = 50V

, 8010009955
136. The total flux at the end of a long bar magnet
Ns  N 1500  1440
is 50 Wb . The end of the bar magnet is Slip; s = 
Ns 1500
withdrawn through a 1000-turn coil in 1/10
second. The e.m.f. generated across the = 0.04 or 4%
terminals of the coil is 138. A 500 HP, 440 V, 3-phase, 50 Hz induction

R
(a) 5V motor runs at 950 r.p.m. when on full load with
(b) 10 V a synchronous speed of 1000 r.p.m. for this
condition, the frequency of the rotor current
(c) 25 V

TE
will be
(d) 50 V
(a) 4.0 Hz (b) 3.5 Hz
Sol. (a) (c) 2.5 Hz (d) 2.0 Hz

Sol. (c)
d
AS
Emf E = N
dt NS  N 1000  950
Slip, s =   0.05
Where NS 1000
N = Number of turns Frequency of rotor, f r = sf
d = change in flux = 0.05 × 50 = 2.5 Hz
dt = change in time
M

139. By adding resistance in the rotor circuit of a

slip ring induction motor, the starting current
500  10 6
E = 100  (a) as well as torque reduce
1 10
(b) as well as torque increase
= 5V
S

(c) reduces but the starting torque increases

137. The slip of a 400 V, 3-phase, 4-pole, 50 Hz (d) increase but the starting torque decreases
machine running at 1440 r.p.m. is
IE

(a) 6% (b) 5% Sol. (c)

Equivalent circuit of induction motor
(c) 4% (d) 3%
R1 X1 X´2 R´2 I´
I1 2
Sol. (c)
I0
120  f Iw Iu  1– s 
Synchronous speed, NS = R2  
P V1 R0 X0  5 

where f = frequency
P = Number of poles
From above diagram
Synchronous speed,
I 1 = I0  I2
120  50
Ns =  1500r.p.m.
4

, 8010009955
 V1 Sol. (d)
2 Position or slip at which maximum torque
and I2 =  R  R2    X  X  2 occurs is dependent on rotor resistance. Not
 1  1 2
 s  the maximum torque.
So, if rotor resistance (R 2) increases starting Starting torque is maximum when R 2 = X20
current decreases.
Developed torque Also Torque  (Supply Voltagle) 2

 R  141. A transformer has 2% resistance and 5%

R
V12  2 
 5  reactance. What is its voltage regulation at full
d =  R2  2 load with 0.8 p.f. lagging?
WS R1    X1  X2 
 s 

TE
(a) 5.3% (b) 4.6%
So with variation of rotor resistance the (c) 0.53% (d) 0.43%
torque-slip curve changes as shown below.
Sol. (b)
Torque ()
R2 = X20 Given,
max
Rpu = 2%
AS
R23 Xpu = 5%
R22 Voltage regulation of transformer,
R21 st
V.R. = Rpucos + Xpusin; for lagging
SM S=1
load
Here R 23  R 22  R 21 = Rpucos – Xpusin; for leading
M

At starting slip, S = 1 load

It is clear from figure that as resistance of So,
rotor increases starting torque “increases.” V.R. = [(0.02×0.8) + (0.05×0.6)]
140. Consider the following statements with regards = 0.016 + 0.030
S

to an induction motor : = 0.046 i.e. 4.6%

1. Maximum torque is independent of rotor 142. A voltage is generated across a piezoelectric
IE

resistance. material, 0.5 cm thick, subjected to an impact

2. Starting torque is maximum when rotor of 5 N/m2. The voltage coefficient of the material
resistance equals rotor reactance. is 23 kV-m/N. The magnitude of the voltage
3. Torque is very sensitive to any changes in generated will be
supply voltage.
(a) 2300 V (b) 1650 V
Which of the above statements are correct ?
(c) 1150 V (d) 575 V
(a) 1 and 2 only Sol. (d)
(b) 1 and 3 only Voltage generated across a piezo-electric
(c) 2 and 3 only material,

(d) 1, 2 and 3 V = gtP

, 8010009955
 Where,g = voltage coefficient of material
t = thickness of material
P = Applied pressure
So,
V = 23 × 103 × 0.5 ×10–2 × 5
Sol. (b)
According to faraday’s Law of induction,
when conductor is placed in changing
magnetic field, loops of electrical current
induced in the conductor, called eddy
currents. The magnitude of the current in a

R
given loop is proportional to the strength of
= 57.5 × 10
the magnetic field, the area of the loop, and
= 575 volt. the rate of change of flux and inversely

TE
143. The ‘residual resistivity’ of a metal is proportional to the resistivity of the material.

(a) due to lattice vibrations at high temperature Eddy current loss,

(b) due to photon scattering at high temperature Pe = Kef 2Bm 2t2
(c) temperature-dependent Hence, to reduce the eddy current loss, the
AS
(d) temperature-independent thickness of core is reduced by lamination
and coated with varnish to insulate from
Sol. (d) each other.
146. W hen a f erromagnetic substance is
Resi dual resi st i v i t y i s t e m perat ure
magnetized, there are marginal diminiutions in
independent and it is caused by impurities
its linear dimensions. This phenomenon is
and structural imperfections.
M

called
144. Electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and (a) hysteresis
magnetic properties of ceramic material are (b) magnetostriction
(a) very high all the time (c) diamagnetism
S

(b) very low all the time (d) dipolar relaxation

(c) dependent on the material
(d) ascertainable, instance to instance Sol. (b)
IE

Sol. (c) Magnetostriction is a property of ferromagnetic

materials that causes them to change their
Electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and
shape or dimensions.
magnetic properties of ceramic materials are
dependent on the material, composition, 147. When the working temperature becomes more
grainsize, manufacturing process etc. than the Curie temperature, a ferromagnetic
material becomes a
145. Laminated insulation, coated with varnish, is a
staple adoption in transformer assemblage in (a) diamagnetic material
order to
(b) paramagnetic material
(a) reduce the reluctance of the magnetic path
(c) ferromagnetic material
(b) minimize losses due to eddy currents
(c) increase the reluctance of the magnetic path (d) Mu-material
(d) increase the defect of eddy current. Sol. (b)

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 Above curie temperature ferromagnetic material Msat = Saturation magnetization
becomes paramagnetic in nature. Mr = Remanence magnetization
Hc = Coercive field.
148. Compared to other materials, a material with
wider hysteresis loop has 149. Which of the following materials is used in light-
emitting diodes ?
(a) lower permeability, higher retentivity and
higher coercivity (a) Gallium arsenide sulphate
(b) Gallium arsenide phosphide

R
(b) higher permeability, lower retentivity and
higher coercivity (c) Gallium chromate phosphide
(c) lower permeability, higher retentivity and (d) Gallium phosphide sulphate

TE
lower reluctance
(d) lower permeability, lower retentivity and Sol. (b)
lower residual magnetism
Gallium arsenide phosphide is used for
Sol. (a)
manufacturing red, orange and yelloow light
emitting diodes.
Hard ferromagnetic materials have wider
AS
hysteresis loop. Thus these materials have 150. Consider the following methods in nano-particle
higher retentivity and higher coercivity and synthesis :
lower permeability.
1. Bottom-up
Mr Msat 2. Top-down
3. Side-by-side
M

Which of these methods is/are slow and

does/ do n ot conduce t o l a rge-scal e
Hc production ?
H (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
S

Sol. (b)
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Top - down methods are slow and not suitable

for large scale production.

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