WIND LOADS

Symbols and Notations

qz velocity pressure evaluated at height z above the ground, kPa

G gust effect factor for rigid buildings
As gross area of the solid freestanding walls or solid signs, m2
kz velocity pressure exposure coefficient evalueated at height z
kzt topographic factor as defined in Section 207.5.7
kd wind directionality factor, Table 207-2
V basic wind speed obtained, Table 207-1
Iw importance factor
Pp combined net pressure on the parapet due to the combination of the net
pressures from the front and back parapet surfaces. Plus (and minus)
signs signify net pressure acting toward (and away from) the front
(exterior) side of the parapet
qp velocity pressure evaluated at the top of the parapet
GCpn combined net pressure coefficient

Design Parameters:

Section 207.2. Definitions, Building, Low Rise

Conditions: Mean Roof Height, h ≤ 18m
h ≤ leas horizontal floor dimension

h = 3.7 + 3.5 + 1.5(.0.5) = 7.95 m < 18 m

Section 207.5 Method 2 - Analytical Procedure

Design Procedure

Table 207-1 Wind Zone for the Different Provinces of the Philippines

Zone Classification (Basic Wind Speed) Provinces

Zone 3, V = 150 kph South Cotabato

Table 207-2 Wind Directionality Factor, Kd

Structural Type Directionality Factor, Kd

Buildings, MWFRS 0.85

Table 207-3 Importance Factor, Iw

Occupancy Category Description Iw

IV Standard Occupancy 1

Table 207-4 Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficients, Kh and Kz

Exposure (Note 1)
Height above ground level, z (m) B C D
Case I Case 2 Cases 1 &2 Cases 1 &2
0 - 4.5 0.70 0.57 0.85 1.03
6 0.70 0.62 0.90 1.08
7.5 0.70 0.66 0.94 1.12
h = 7.95 0.70 0.672 0.952 1.132
9 0.70 0.70 0.98 1.16
12 0.70 0.76 1.04 1.22
 Section 207.5.7.2 Topographic Factor

The wind speed-up effect shall be included in the calculation of design wind loads by using the factor
Kzt

2
Kzt = (1 + K1K2K3)
where K1, K2, and K3 are given in Figure 207-4.

Since the site conditions and locations of structures do not meet all the conditions specified in Section
207.5.7.1, the Kzt = 1.0

Section 207.5.8 Gust Effect Factor

G = 0.85 for rigid buildings

Figure 207-5 Internal Pressure Coefficient

Enclosure Classification GC pi
Enclosed Buildings ±0.18

h/L = 7.95/12 tan ϴ = 1.5/6

h/L = 0.6625 ϴ = 14.03624347°

Figure 207-6 External Pressure Coefficients, Cp

Roof Pressure Coefficients, Cp, for use with qh

Wind Direction Windward Leeward
Angle, ϴ (degrees) Angle, ϴ (degrees)
h/L
10 14.036 15 20 10 14.036 15 20
Normal to < 0.25 -0.7 -0.53856 -0.5 -0.432 -0.3 -0.46144 -0.5 -0.6
ridge for ϴ ≥ 0.5 -0.9 -0.73856 -0.7 -0.4 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.6
10° 0.6625 -1.03 -0.842326 -0.7975 -0.4975 -0.565 -0.538766 -0.5325 -0.6
1.0 -1.3 -1.05784 -1.0 -0.7 -0.7 -0.61928 -0.6 -0.6

Section 207.5.1 Velocity Pressure

qh = 47.3 X 10-6 Kz Kzt Kd V2 Iw

2
qh = 47.3 X 10-6 (0.672) (1.0) (0.85) (150) (1)
qh = 0.6078996 kPa

Design Load, P or F (MWFRS for Low Rise Buildings)

P @ roofs

P = qh[(G)(Cp) - (GCpi)]

For Windward:
P = 0.6078996 [(0.85)(-0.842326) - (±0.18)]
P = -0.5446641207 kPa or
P = -0.3258202647 kPa

For Leeward:
P = 0.6078996 [(0.85)(-0.538766) - (±0.18)]
P = -0.3878102185 kPa or
P = -0.1689663625 kPa

Figure 207-6 External Pressure Coefficients, Cp

Wall Pressure Coefficients, Cp

Surface L/B Cp Use With
Windward Wall All Values 0.8 qz
0-1 -0.5
Leeward Wall 2 -0.3 qh
≥4 -0.2
Side Wall All Values -0.7 qh

qz = 47.3 X 10-6 Kz Kzt Kd V2 Iw

z kz qz
0-4.5 0.57 0.51563
0-6 0.62 0.5609
0-7.2 (wall height) 0.652 0.5898
0-7.5 0.66 0.597
0-7.95 (mean roof height) 0.672 0.6079
0-8.8 (parapet height) 0.694666 0.628404
0-9 0.7 0.6332

P @ Walls

P = qz (G) (Cpf) - qh (GCpi); Cpf = 0.8 for all walls

For Windward
(z = 0 - 4.5)
P4.5 = 0.51563 (0.85) (0.8) - (0.6078996) (±0.18)
P4.5 = 0.241206472 kPa or
P4.5 = 0.46 kPa
(z = 0 - 6)
P6.5 = 0.5609 (0.85) (0.8) - (0.6078996) (±0.18)
P6.5 = 0.27199 kPa or
P6.5 = 0.490833928 kPa
(z = 0 - 7.2)
P7.2 = 0.5898 (0.85) (0.8) - (0.6078996) (±0.18)
P7.2 = 0.291642072 kPa or
P7.2 = 0.510485928 kPa

For Leeward
P7.2 = 0.6078996 [(0.85)(-0.5) - (±0.18)]
P7.2 = -0.367779258 kPa or
P7.2 = -0.148935402 kPa

Section 207.5.12.2.4 Parapets

P p = q p GC pn
GCpn = +1.5 for windward parapet, -1.0 for leeward parapet

For Windward
Pp = (0.628404)(1.5) = 0.942606 kPa

For Leeward
Pp = (0.628404)(-1.0) = -0.628404 kPa