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Intel Processors

Intel 4004- First Single-Chip Microprocessor (4-bit CPU)

Introduced November 15, 1971
• Maximum clock speed was 740 kHz
• 12-bit addresses
• 8-bit instructions
• 4-bit data words
• Program Memory 4 KB
• Instruction set contained 46 instructions (of which 41 were 8 bits wide and
5 were 16 bits wide)
• Register set contained 16 registers of 4 bits each
• Internal subroutine stack 3 levels deep

Intel 8008- An 8 bit CPU designed by Intel

• Introduced April 1, 1972

• Clock rate 200 kHz (8008–1: 800 kHz)
• 0.05 MIPS
• Bus Width 8 bits (multiplexed address/data due to limited pins)
• Enhancement load PMOS logic
• Number of Transistors 3,500 at 10 µm
• Addressable memory 16 KB
• Typical in early 8 bit microcomputers, dumb terminals, general calculators,
bottling machines
• Developed in tandem with 4004
• Originally intended for use in the Data point 2200 microcomputer
• Key volume deployment in Texas Instruments 742 microcomputer in
>3,000 Ford dealerships

Intel 8086- 16 bit processor designed by Intel

• Introduced June 8, 1978

• Clock rates:
 4.77 MHz with 0.33
 8 MHz with 0.66 MIPS
 10 MHz with 0.75 MIPS
• Bus Width 16 bits data, 20 bits address
• Number of Transistors 29,000 at 3 µm
• Addressable memory 1 megabyte
• Up to 10X the performance of 8080

Pentium I- 32 bit Processor designed by Intel

• Introduced March 22, 1993

• Bus width 64 bits
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• System bus clock rate 60 or 66 MHz
• Address bus 32 bits
• Addressable Memory 4 GB
• Virtual Memory 64 TB
• Superscalar architecture
• Runs on 5 volts
• Used in desktops
• 16 KB of L1 cache

Pentium Pro- is a sixth-generation x86 microprocessor developed and manufactured

by Intel ( 32 bit)
• Introduced November 1, 1995
• Precursor to Pentium II and III
• Primarily used in server systems
• Socket 8 processor package (387 pins) (Dual SPGA)
• Number of transistors 5.5 million
• 0.6 µm process technology
 16 KB L1 cache
 256 KB integrated L2 cache
 60 MHz system bus clock rate
 Variants (150 MHz)

Pentium II- brand refers to Intel's sixth-generation microarchitecture ("Intel P6") and
x86-compatible microprocessors (32 bit)
• Introduced May 7, 1997
• Pentium Pro with MMX and improved 16-bit performance
• 242-pin Slot 1 (SEC) processor package
• Number of transistors 7.5 million
• 32 KB L1 cache
• 512 KB ½ bandwidth external L2 cache
• The only Pentium II that did not have the L2 cache at ½ bandwidth of the
core was the Pentium II 450 PE.

Pentium III- brand refers to Intel's 32-bit x86 desktop and mobile microprocessors
based on the sixth-generation Intel P6 microarchitecture
• Introduced February 26, 1999
• Improved PII, i.e. P6-based core, now including Streaming SIMD
Extensions (SSE)
• Number of transistors 9.5 million
• 512 KB ½ bandwidth L2 External cache
• 242-pin Slot 1 SECC2 (Single Edge Contact cartridge 2) processor
package
• System Bus clock rate 100 MHz, 133 MHz (B-models)

Pentium IV- brand refers to Intel's line of single-core mainstream and high-end desktop
and laptop central processing units (CPUs)
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• Introduced November 20, 2000
• 0.18 µm process technology (1.40 and 1.50 GHz)
• Max. CPU clock rate Speed (1.3 GHz to 3.8 GHz)
• L2 cache was 256 KB Advanced Transfer Cache (Integrated)
• System Bus clock rate 400 MHz
• Number of Transistors 42 million

Pentium Dual Core- a 64-bit Processor designed by Intel

• Introduced January 21, 2007
• Desktop CPU (SMP support restricted to 2 CPUs)
• Clock Speed (1.6-2.93 GHz)
• L2 Cache (1-2 MB)
• FSB Speed (533-1066 MHz)

Pentium Core 2 Duo- brand refers to Intel's x86/x86-64 microprocessors (with the
eighth-generation microarchitecture, named Core architecture) targeted at the
consumer and business markets.
• Introduced January 21, 2007
• Frequency 1800-3000MHz
• L2 Cache 2MB
Pentium Quad Core- designed to handle massive compute and visualization workloads
enabled by powerful multi-core technology. Providing the bandwidth you need for multi-
threaded applications, Intel Core 2 Quad processors are built on 45nm Intel® Core™
microarchitecture enabling, faster, cooler, and quieter desktop PC and workstation
experiences.
• Introduced January 21, 2007
• 4-12MB L2 Cache
• 1333 MHz FSB
• Clock Speed 2.4-3.00 GHz

AMD PROCESSORS

AMD K5- AMD's first original microarchitecture. The K5 was based on the AMD
Am29000 microarchitecture with the addition of an x86 decoder. Although the design
was similar in idea to a Pentium Pro, the actual performance was more like that of a
Pentium.
Introduced March 1996
• Sold as 5K86 P75 to P100, later as K5 PR75 to PR100
• 4.3 million Transistors in 500 or 350 nm
• L1-Cache: 8 + 16 KB (Data + Instructions)
• Socket 5 and Socket 7
• VCore: 3.52V
• Front side bus: 50 (PR75), 60 (PR90), 66 MHz (PR100)
• First release: March 27, 1996
• Clockrate: 75, 90, 100 MHz
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AMD K6- microprocessor was launched by AMD in 1997. The main advantage of this
particular microprocessor is that it was designed to fit into existing desktop designs for
Pentium branded CPUs. It was co-developed by Vinod Dham, lead designer of the Intel
P5 microarchitecture.
• L1-Cache: 32 + 32 KB (Data + Instructions)
• MMX
• Front side bus: 66 MHz
• First release: April 2, 1997
• VCore: 2.9 V (166/200) 3.2/3.3 V (233)
• Clockrate: 166, 200, 233 MHz
•
• Socket 7
• K7- the codename for a generation of AMD CPUs, including the Athlon, Athlon
XP, Duron, and certain very early Semprons

Athlon- is the brand name applied to a series of different x86 processors designed and
manufactured by AMD. The original Athlon (now called Athlon Classic) was the first
seventh-generation x86 processor and, in a first, retained the initial performance lead it
had over Intel's competing processors for a significant period of time, being the first
desktop processor to reach speeds of 1 GHz. AMD has continued the Athlon name with
the Athlon 64, an eighth-generation processor featuring x86-64 (later renamed AMD64)
technology.
• L1-Cache: 64 + 64 KB (Data + Instructions)
• L2-Cache: 512 KB, external chips on CPU module with 50%, 40% or 33% of
CPU speed
• MMX, 3DNow!
• Front side bus: 200 MT/s (100 MHz double-pumped)
• VCore: 1.6 V (K7), 1.6–1.8 V (K75)
• First release: June 23, 1999 (K7), November 29, 1999 (K75)
• Clockrate: 500–700 MHz (K7), 550–1000 MHz (K75)-2.33GHz

Duron- was an x86-compatible computer processor manufactured by AMD. It was

released on June 19, 2000 as a low-cost alternative to AMD's own Athlon processor and
the Pentium III and Celeron processor lines from rival Intel. The Duron was discontinued
in 2004 and succeeded by the Sempron.
• L1-Cache: 64 + 64 KB (Data + Instructions)
• L2-Cache: 64 KB, fullspeed
• MMX, Extended MMX, 3DNow!, Extended 3DNow!
• Socket A (EV6)
• Front side bus: 100 MHz (200 MT/s)
• *VCore: 1.50 V - 1.60 V
• First release: June 19, 2000
• Clockrate: 600 MHz – 1.8 GHz

Sempron- has been the marketing name used by AMD for several different budget
desktop CPUs, using several different technologies and CPU socket formats. The
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Sempron replaced the AMD Duron processor and competes against Intel's Celeron
series of processors. AMD coined the name from the Latin semper, which means
"always", to suggest the Sempron is suitable for "daily use, practical, and part of
everyday life
• Max. CPU clock rate 1.0 GHz to 2.7 GHz
• L1-Cache: 64 + 64 KiB (Data + Instructions)
• L2-Cache: 256 KiB, fullspeed
• MMX, 3DNow!, SSE
• Socket A (EV6)
• Front side bus: 166 MHz (FSB 333)
• VCore: 1.6 V
• First release: July 28, 2004
• Clockrate: 1500 MHz – 2000 MHz (2200+ to 2800+)

Opteron- is AMD's x86 server and workstation processor line, and was the first
processor to implement the AMD64 instruction set architecture (known generically as
x86-64)
• CPU-Steppings: B3, C0, CG
• L1-Cache: 64 + 64 KB (Data + Instructions)
• L2-Cache: 1024 KB, fullspeed
• MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, AMD64
• Socket 940, 800 MHz HyperTransport
• Registered DDR SDRAM required, ECC possible
• VCore: 1.50 V - 1.55 V
• Max Power (TDP): 89 W
• First Release: April 22, 2003 [3]
• Clockrate: 1.4-3.2 MHz (x40 - x50)

Phenom- (pronounced /fɨˈnɒm/, as in the word phenomenon) is the AMD desktop

processor line based on the K10 microarchitecture.
• Four AMD K10 cores
• L1 cache: 64 KB + 64 KB[12] (data + instructions) per core
• L2 cache: 512 KB per core, full-speed
• L3 cache: 2 MB shared between all cores
• Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz with unganging option
• MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX
bit, AMD-V
• Socket AM2+, HyperTransport with 1600 to 2000 MHz
• Power consumption (TDP): 65, 95, 125 and 140 Watt
• First release :November 19, 2007
• Clock rate: 1.8-2.6 GHz