SOIL EXPLORATION

REPORT

NAME OF WORK

Construction of proposed Building G+2

Site Owner: Mr.Rakesh

Location
Plot No: 1b, Green Meadows
Colony, Kilpauk, Chennai – 10.

GRADIENT INFRASTRUCTURES
No.6, Annasamy Street., Near Railway Station Road,
Pallavaram, Chennai – 43. Ph.No.044 – 6587 3365 & 2264 4252
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Name of the
construction for proposed Building
Work:

CONTENTS

Sl.No Description

1 Report

2 Bearing Capacity Calculation

3 Consolidated Soil Test Results

4 Bore log

5 List of Reference

No.6, Annasamy Street., Near Railway Station Road,

Pallavaram, Chennai – 43. Ph.No.044 – 6587 3365 & 2264 4252
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Soil Exploration Report

Name of Work : Construction of Proposed Building G+2

Location : Plot No: 1b, Green meadows colony, Kilpauk, Chennai-10.
Date of Exploration : 21.10.2013 to 24.10.2013

Introduction:

It is proposed to construct a Proposed Building at Kilpauk for the construction of any

structure, a detailed soil investigation is essential for collecting the relevant data required for
preparation of foundation design. The sub surface investigation reveals the presence and
the extent of soil and rock stratum in the region likely to be affected by the proposed
construction and determines the nature of each stratum and engineering properties of soil
which may affect the design. The data collected provide reliable, specific and detailed
information to facilitate a safe and economic design of the proposed structure.

Method of exploration:

Rotary drilling with auger of dia.100mm dia has been used for making bore holes duly
circulating Bentonite slurry. In this method, the advancement of boring is made by the
cutting action of a rotating bit that is kept in firm contact with the bottom of the hole. The bit
is attached to the lower end of hollow drill rod, which is rotated by a suitable chuck. Drilling
mud, (viz) Bentonite is continuously forced down through the hollow drill rods. The mud
returning upward through the annular space between the drill rods and side of the hole
brings the soil particles to the surface. The soil exploration consists of three stages i.e., boring,
sampling and testing which includes both field and lab tests. The Samples were collected at
every 1.5 m depth of the bore hole. Samples were properly labeled for Lab tests. Bore log
particulars and location of bore holes are annexed with this report.

Depth of Exploration:

Exploration has to be carried out to a depth at which the net increase in vertical stress is less
than the allowable bearing pressure of the soil. For pile foundation, up-to 30 meters depth
has generally been explored.

Ground water level:

Observation of location of water table and its fluctuation under different seasons is very
important. The location of ground water level is also important for deep excavation and
foundation works and also on sites susceptible to be water logged. Open wells at the site or

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in the vicinity of the site can give a clear idea of water table and its fluctuation. Boreholes
can also be used for recording water levels.

Field Tests:

Penetration and sounding tests are the generally adopted field Tests. Standard Penetration
Test is performed as per I.S. 2131-1981 as an in-situ test especially for cohesion less soils. The
resistance is empirically correlated with some of the Engineering properties of soil such as
density index, consistency, bearing capacity, etc. These tests are useful for general
exploration of erratic soil profiles for finding depth to bedrock or hard stratum and to have
an approximate indication of the strength and other properties of soils, particularly for
cohesion less soil where it is difficult to obtain U.D.S.

In the field test the Standard Penetration Test sampler is driven by the free fall of a hammer
weighing 63.5kg dropped from a height of 76cm.The sampler is initially driven through 15cm
as a seating drive. It is further driven through 30cm. The number of blows required to drive the
sampler 30cm below the seating drive is termed the penetration resistance - ‘N’.

Laboratory Tests:

The samples collected at the field were subjected to laboratory tests to determine the
Atterberg’s limit, Particle size and etc,. The test results are tabulated and annexed with this
report.

Field & Laboratory observations:

Three bore holes were made at this site and the soil exploration reveals the following :

Bore – 1
This bore hole has been driven up to 20.0m depth from datum level and the top layer upto
1.50m is Sandy silt and the consistency of this layer is “Medium”. The layer from 1.50m to
15.00m is Silty Sand and the consistency of this layer is “Medium”, “Dense” &“Very Dense”.
The layer from 15.00m to 17.50m is Sandy Clay and the consistency of this layer is “Hard”. The
bottom layer from 17.50m to 20.0m is Weather rock and the consistency of this layer is “Very
Dense”.

Bore – 2
This bore hole has been driven up to 20.0m depth from datum level and the top layer upto
15.0.m is Silty Sand and the consistency of this layer is “Loose”, “Medium”, & “Dense”. The
layer from 15.00m to 17.50m is Sandy Clay and the consistency of this layer is “Hard”. The

2
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bottom layer from 17.50m to 20.0m is Weather rock and the consistency of this layer is “Very
Dense”.

Bore – 3
This bore hole has been driven up to 10.0m depth from datum level and the top layer upto
10.0m is Silty sand and the consistency of this layer is “Stiff”, “medium” and Dense”.

Water table fluctuations:

Water table was met with during the borehole operations at 3.00m.

Assessment of Bearing Capacity:

The bearing capacity has been assessed as per the IS 6403: 1981 based on the field test (SPT)
conducted at site as per IS 2131:1981.The allowable bearing pressure is calculated as per IS
8009(Part I)-1976 (Reaffirmed 1998). Water table is considered to be at 3.0m. A safety factor
of 3 has been adopted to arrive at the safe bearing capacity.

The bearing capacity of the layers at various levels, where Standard Penetration Test were
conducted, has been calculated and appended in the table.

Conclusion:

A safety factor of 3 has been adopted to arrive at the safe bearing capacity. The safe
bearing capacity calculated is 7.95 tonnes/m2 at the depth of 3.0m in the bore hole – 1 may
be considered for Raft Foundation.

This conclusion is based on the field observation and laboratory test results of the soil stratum
available at the drilled location.

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Bearing capacity calculations based on IS:6403-1981
Name of work : construction for proposed Building
Location : Plot No: 1b, Green meadows colony, Kilpauk, Chennai -10 BH-1
Data input for calculations :
Depth of footing (D) m 1.50 3.00 4.50 6.00 7.50 9.00 10.50 12.00 13.50 15.00 17.50 20.00
Width of footing (B) m 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
Length(L) m 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
Water table correction
Maximum depth of water level below ground m 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20
RW1 = 0.5(1+(ZW1/D) ZW1= depth of maximum water level 1.00 0.87 0.74 0.68 0.65 0.62 0.60 0.59 0.58 0.57 0.56 0.56
RW2 = 0.5(1+(ZW2/B) ZW2= depth of water below base 0.62 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Submerged density if layer is submergible in water 2.06 1.53 1.02 1.06 1.06 0.93 1.08 1.08 1.00 1.04 1.04 1.04
Overburden Correction for N
N Recorded 22 10 21 24 24 31 26 26 38 50 50 50
Overburden pressure T/m2 3.09 5.38 6.91 8.49 10.08 11.29 13.33 14.53 16.34 17.65 20.61 22.85
N corrected for Over burden pressure N' 38.4 12.3 21.6 23.2 22.3 28.0 22.4 21.8 30.7 39.3 37.1 35.5
N' corrected for Dialatancy
15+((N'-15)*0.5) N'' = 26.7 12.3 18.3 19.1 18.7 21.5 18.7 18.4 22.9 27.2 26.0 25.3
Average N" 26.70 12.31 18.30 19.11 18.67 21.52 18.72 18.42 22.86 27.16 26.04 25.27
Angle of Internal friction 35 31 33 33 33 33 33 33 34 35 0 34
Shear Failure creterion General General General General General General General General General General General General
Bearing capacity factors Nc 37.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 37.00 37.00 5.14 37.00
Nq 33.30 21.38 27.34 27.34 27.34 27.34 27.34 27.34 30.32 33.30 1.00 30.32
Nr 48.03 27.53 37.78 37.78 37.78 37.78 37.78 37.78 42.90 48.03 0.00 42.90
Shape of footing Square Square Square Square Square Square Square Square Square Square Square Square
Shape factor Sc 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30
Sq 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20
Sr 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80
Depth factor Dc 1.37 1.62 2.02 2.36 2.70 3.04 3.37 3.71 4.18 4.69 2.17 5.72
Dq & Dr 1.18 1.31 1.51 1.68 1.85 2.02 2.19 2.36 2.59 2.85 1.00 3.36
Inclination factor 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Bearing capacity due to cohesive factor T/m2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 453.12 0.00
Bearing capacity due to depth factor T/m2 141.33 149.38 245.46 308.20 381.12 448.34 557.83 641.36 865.72 1117.94 0.00 1499.32
Bearing capacity due to width factor T/m2 86.53 38.08 69.75 80.49 88.63 85.21 107.43 115.77 133.91 170.83 0.00 179.91
Ultimate Bearing capacity T/m2 227.86 187.46 315.21 388.69 469.76 533.55 665.26 757.13 999.63 1288.78 453.12 1679.23
Deduction for over burden pressure T/m2 3.09 5.38 6.91 8.49 10.08 11.29 13.33 14.53 16.34 17.65 20.61 22.85
Factor of Safety 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
SBC after applying factor of safety of 3 T/m2 74.92 60.69 102.77 126.73 153.23 174.09 217.31 247.53 327.76 423.71 144.17 552.12
Allowable bearing pressure T/m2 24.97 7.95 13.07 13.76 13.38 15.82 13.42 13.17 16.96 20.64 19.68 19.02
Net safe bearing capacity T/m2 24.97 7.95 13.07 13.76 13.38 15.82 13.42 13.17 16.96 20.64 19.68 19.02
 GRADIENT INFRASTRUCTURES
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Bearing capacity calculations based on IS:6403-1981
Name of work : construction for proposed Building
Location : Plot No: 1b, Green meadows colony, Kilpauk, Chennai -10 BH-2
Data input for calculations :
Depth of footing (D) m 1.50 3.00 4.50 6.00 7.50 9.00 10.50 12.00 13.50 15.00 17.50 20.00
Width of footing (B) m 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
Length(L) m 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
Water table correction
Maximum depth of water level below ground m 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
RW1 = 0.5(1+(ZW1/D) ZW1= depth of maximum water level 1.00 1.00 0.83 0.75 0.70 0.67 0.64 0.63 0.61 0.60 0.59 0.58
RW2 = 0.5(1+(ZW2/B) ZW2= depth of water below base 0.75 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Submerged density if layer is submergible in water 1.76 1.99 1.02 0.98 0.98 0.95 0.96 1.05 1.07 1.04 1.04 1.04
Overburden Correction for N
N Recorded 8 19 21 18 18 33 34 42 44 50 50 50
Overburden pressure T/m2 2.64 5.62 7.15 8.62 10.09 11.47 12.98 14.61 16.18 17.73 20.26 22.93
N corrected for Over burden pressure N' 15.2 22.7 21.1 17.4 16.7 29.7 29.6 35.2 35.7 39.3 37.3 35.5
N' corrected for Dialatancy
15+((N'-15)*0.5) N'' = 15.1 18.8 18.0 16.2 15.9 22.4 22.3 25.1 25.3 27.1 26.2 25.2
Average N" 15.11 18.85 18.03 16.18 15.87 22.35 22.28 25.11 25.34 27.13 26.17 25.25
Angle of Internal friction 32 33 33 32 32 34 34 34 34 35 0 34
Shear Failure creterion General General General General General General General General General General General General
Bearing capacity factors Nc 36.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 5.14 37.00
Nq 24.36 27.34 27.34 24.36 24.36 30.32 30.32 30.32 30.32 33.30 1.00 30.32
Nr 32.65 37.78 37.78 32.65 32.65 42.90 42.90 42.90 42.90 48.03 0.00 42.90
Shape of footing Square Square Square Square Square Square Square Square Square Square Square Square
Shape factor Sc 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30
Sq 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20
Sr 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80
Depth factor Dc 1.33 1.68 2.02 2.30 2.63 3.12 3.48 3.83 4.18 4.69 2.17 5.72
Dq & Dr 1.16 1.34 1.51 1.65 1.81 2.06 2.24 2.41 2.59 2.85 1.00 3.36
Inclination factor 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Bearing capacity due to cohesive factor T/m2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 453.12 0.00
Bearing capacity due to depth factor T/m2 85.85 238.03 284.32 299.02 358.42 554.45 657.52 774.47 901.04 1175.38 0.00 1558.93
Bearing capacity due to width factor T/m2 60.00 60.36 69.75 63.43 69.58 100.92 110.96 129.83 142.33 170.83 0.00 179.91
Ultimate Bearing capacity T/m2 145.84 298.40 354.07 362.45 427.99 655.38 768.48 904.29 1043.37 1346.21 453.12 1738.84
Deduction for over burden pressure T/m2 2.64 5.62 7.15 8.62 10.09 11.47 12.98 14.61 16.18 17.73 20.26 22.93
Factor of Safety 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
SBC after applying factor of safety of 3 T/m2 47.73 97.59 115.64 117.94 139.30 214.63 251.83 296.56 342.40 442.83 144.29 571.97
Allowable bearing pressure T/m2 15.52 13.54 12.84 11.26 10.99 16.53 16.47 18.89 19.08 20.61 19.79 19.00
Net safe bearing capacity T/m2 15.52 13.54 12.84 11.26 10.99 16.53 16.47 18.89 19.08 20.61 19.79 19.00
 GRADIENT INFRASTRUCTURES
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Bearing capacity calculations based on IS:6403-1981

Name of work : construction for proposed Building

Location : Plot No: 1b, Green meadows colony, Kilpauk, Chennai -10 BH-3
Data input for calculations :
Depth of footing (D) m 1.50 3.00 4.50 6.00 7.50 9.00 10.00
Width of footing (B) m 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
Length(L) m 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
Water table correction
Maximum depth of water level below ground m 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50
RW1 = 0.5(1+(ZW1/D) ZW1 = depth of maximum water level 1.00 1.00 0.89 0.79 0.73 0.69 0.68
RW2 = 0.5(1+(ZW2/B) ZW2 = depth of water below base 0.83 0.58 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Submerged density if layer is submergible in water 1.84 1.84 1.08 1.12 0.92 0.98 1.05
Overburden Correction for N
N Recorded 13 13 26 29 30 36 42
2
Overburden pressure T/m 2.75 5.50 7.12 8.80 10.18 11.75 12.80
N corrected for Over burden pressure N' 24.2 15.8 26.1 27.8 27.8 32.2 36.7
N' corrected for Dialatancy
15+((N'-15)*0.5) N'' = 19.6 15.4 20.6 21.4 21.4 23.6 25.8
Average N" 19.60 15.38 20.57 21.42 21.42 23.60 25.84
Angle of Internal friction 0 32 33 33 33 34 34
Shear Failure creterion General General General General General General General

Bearing capacity factors Nc 5.14 36.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 37.00 37.00
Nq 1.00 24.36 27.34 27.34 27.34 30.32 30.32
Nr 0.00 32.65 37.78 37.78 37.78 42.90 42.90
Shape of footing Square Square Square Square Square Square Square
Shape factor Sc 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30
Sq 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20
Sr 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80
Depth factor Dc 1.10 1.65 2.02 2.36 2.70 3.12 3.36
Dq & Dr 1.00 1.33 1.51 1.68 1.85 2.06 2.18
Inclination factor 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
2
Bearing capacity due to cohesive factor T/m 59.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2
Bearing capacity due to depth factor T/m 0.00 205.05 302.20 370.07 436.67 591.54 662.64
Bearing capacity due to width factor T/m2 0.00 55.81 74.07 85.30 77.16 104.27 117.44
2
Ultimate Bearing capacity T/m 59.72 260.86 376.27 455.37 513.83 695.81 780.08
2
Deduction for over burden pressure T/m 2.75 5.50 7.12 8.80 10.18 11.75 12.80
Factor of Safety 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
2
SBC after applying factor of safety of 3 T/m 18.99 85.12 123.05 148.86 167.88 228.02 255.76
2
Allowable bearing pressure T/m 23.63 12.34 15.01 15.73 15.73 17.59 19.51
2
Net safe bearing capacity T/m 18.99 12.34 15.01 15.73 15.73 17.59 19.51
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Name of Work : construction for proposed Building

BH No : 1 Location : Plot No: 1b, Green meadows colony, Kilpauk, Chennai -10
RL of the existing
Date of commencement : 21.10.13 100.00 m Ground water level : 2.20 m below GL
GL:
Date of completion : 23.10.13 Type of Drilling: Rotary Dia of Bore hole : 150 mm

Relative density /
Thickness of
Standard Penetrometer Test

Soil profile
Depth

consistency
layer
Description of soil Graphical representation of
from RL Number of blows
stratum Depth penetration resistance
(m)
I II III N

100
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0
100.00 Existing ground level
Filling soil
98.700 1.30 1.30

98.500 Sandy silt 0.20 1.50 3 10 12 22 Medium 22

3.00 4 5 5 10 Loose 10

4.50 8 10 11 21 Medium 21

6.00 10 10 14 24 Medium 24

7.50 10 11 13 24 Medium 24

9.00 15 15 16 31 Dense 31

10.50 9 12 14 26 Medium 26

12.00 10 11 15 26 Medium 26

13.50 15 18 20 38 Dense 38
9blows/11c
85.000 Silty sand 13.50 15.00 20 41 mbalance >50 Very Dense 50
7blows/12c
82.500 Sandy clay 2.50 17.50 15 43 mbalance >50 Hard 50

80.000 Weather rock 2.50 20.00 Rebound >50 Very Dense 50

Bore Hole terminated at 80 m RL
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BORE LOG

Name of Work : construction for proposed Building

BH No : 2 Location : Plot No: 1b, Green meadows colony, Kilpauk, Chennai -10
RL of the existing
Date of commencement : 23.10.13 100.00 m Ground water level : 3.00 m below GL
GL:
Date of completion : 24.10.13 Type of Drilling: Rotary Dia of Bore hole : 150 mm

Relative density /
Thickness of
Soil profile Standard Penetrometer Test
Depth

consistency
layer
Description of soil Graphical representation of
from RL Number of blows
stratum Depth penetration resistance
(m)
I II III N

100.000 Existing ground level 0.00

1.30 1.30 Filling Soil

100
98.700

10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0
1.50 3 4 4 8 Loose 8

3.00 7 9 10 19 Medium 19

4.50 7 10 11 21 Medium 21

6.00 7 8 10 18 Medium 18

7.50 8 8 10 18 Medium 18

9.00 10 15 18 33 Dense 33

10.50 11 14 20 34 Dense 34

12.00 12 17 25 42 Dense 42

13.50 14 17 27 44 Dense 44

85.000 Silty sand 13.70 15.00 15 18 27 45 Dense 50

14blows/10
82.500 Sandy clay 2.50 17.50 17 36 cmbalance >50 Hard 50

80.000 Weather rock 2.50 20.00 50 blows / 6cm balance >50 Very Dense 50
Bore Hole terminated at 80 m RL
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BORE LOG

Name of Work : construction for proposed Building

BH No : 3 Location : Plot No: 1b, Green meadows colony, Kilpauk, Chennai -10
RL of the existing
Date of commencement : 23.10.13 100.00 m Ground water level : 3.50 m below GL
GL:
Date of completion : 23.10.13 Type of Drilling: Rotary Dia of Bore hole : 150 mm

Relative density /
Thickness of
Standard Penetrometer Test
Soil profile

Depth

consistency
layer
Description of soil Graphical representation of
from RL Number of blows
stratum Depth penetration resistance
(m)
I II III N

100
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0.00

0
100.000 Existing ground level
98.700 1.30 1.30 Filling soil

1.50 3 6 7 13 Stiff 13

3.00 4 5 8 13 Medium 13

4.50 8 12 14 26 Medium 26

6.00 9 13 16 29 Medium 29

7.50 9 12 18 30 Medium 30

9.00 12 17 19 36 Dense 36

90.000 Silty Sand 8.70 10.00 16 20 22 42 Dense 42

Bore Hole terminated at 90 m RL
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Name of Work : construction for proposed Building

Location : Plot No: 1b, Green meadows colony, Kilpauk, Chennai -10
BH No. : 1

River

10 ft

8 ft
BH 1 38
ft New
77 ft

10 ft Buildin
House Open site g
BH 2

8 ft

BH 3 8

Green Meadou's Colony

Kilpauk Garden Road

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REFERENCES

1. IS : 1498 – 1970 : Classification and Identification of soils for general

engineering purpose (First Revision) (Amendment 2)

2. IS : 1892 – 1979 : Code of practice for sub surface investigations for

foundations (First revision)

3. IS : 2131 – 1981 : Method of Standard Penetration Tests for soils (First

revision)

4. IS : 1904 – 1986 : Code of practice for design and construction of foundation

in soils: General requirements (Third revision)

5. IS : 6403 – 1981 : Code of practice for determination of bearing capacity of

shallow foundations : First revision (Amendment 1)

6. Bowels J.E, Foundation Analysis and design, 3rd edition, McGraw Hill
International Book co.

7. Dr. K.R. Arora, Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering.

8. Cheng Liu and Jack B. Evett, Soils and Foundations.

9. IS:2911( Part I/ Sec2) – 1979

10. IS:8009 pat II - 1980

11. Design of Foundation and Detailing TNPWD Association of Engineers

12. IS:2132 – 1986 Code of Practice for thin walled tube sampling

13. IS: 6953 - 1973 Determination of water levels in a bore hole

14. IS:2720 – Part I – 1983 Preparation of dry samples

15. IS:2720 – Part 2 – 1973 Determination of water content

16. IS:2720 – Part 4 – 1985 Grain size analysis

17. IS:2720 – Part 5 – 1985 Determination of Liquid and Plastic limits