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Echologics’ ePulse™:

Water Main
Condition Assessment
Presenter: Benjamin Ferguson  ‐ bferguson@echologics.com
Presentation Overview

1 Who Developed ePulse?

2 What is ePulse?

3 How Does It Work?
4 What Do I Get?
5 Why Should I Use It?
Presentation Overview

1 Who Developed ePulse?
Echologics 
Engineering

National Research 
Council of Canada
1 Who Developed ePulse?

Head Office 

World‐Wide Offices 
2 What is ePulse?
• Survey‐level Condition Assessment
• Large coverage areas, Low Cost
2 What is ePulse?
• Direct Measure of Structural Strength
• Pipe wall loses structural thickness overtime.
• ePulse measures continuous band

Graphitized material: Not Tuberculation: Not


structural, not measured structural, not measured

Min. Structural Wall


Thickness: Largest
Longitudinal Crack: Reduces continuous band of metal
structural thickness over its full
length
2 What is ePulse?
• Direct Measure of Structural Strength
• Pipe wall loses structural thickness overtime.
• ePulse measures continuous band

Graphitized material: Not Tuberculation: Not


structural, not measured structural, not measured

Min. Structural Wall


Thickness: Largest
Longitudinal Crack: Reduces continuous band of metal
structural thickness over its full
length
2 What is ePulse?
• Avg. Min. Thickness Across a Test Segment 
• Average minimum between two existing fittings

Ex. RESULT:  10.2mm
Segment 1 Original:  12.7mm
% Loss:  20%  (Moderate) 
2 What is ePulse?
• Non‐Destructive, Non‐Invasive
Average Thickness Across a Test Segment 
•• Average between two existing fittings
Means no service interruptions. No excavations 

RESULT:  10.2mm
Segment 1 Original:  12.7mm
% Loss:  20%  (Moderate) 
2 What is ePulse?
••Non‐Destructive, Non‐Invasive
Average Thickness Across a Test Segment 
Works on Most Diameters and Materials
•• • Average between two existing fittings
Means no service interruptions. No excavations 
Does work on:
• Cast Iron
• Ductile Iron
• Asbestos Cement Pipe
• Concrete Pipe

• Does not work on 
• Plastic Based Pipes (PVC, PE, etc)
RESULT:  10.2mm
Segment 1 Original:  12.7mm
% Loss:  20%  (Moderate) 
2 What is ePulse? SUMMARY
• Survey‐Level Condition Assessment
• Direct Measure of Structural Strength
• Average Thickness Across a Test Segment
• Non‐Destructive, Non‐Invasive
• Works on Most Diameters and Materials
2 What is ePulse? SUMMARY
• Condition Assessment
• Structural Strength
• Average Thickness Across a Test Segment
• Non‐Destructive, Non‐Invasive
• Most Diameters and Materials
Presentation Overview

1 Who Developed ePulse?

2 What is ePulse?

3 How Does It Work?
4 What Do I Get?
5 Why Should I Use It?
3 How Does It Work?

• Information Requirements

Asset Owner  Resulting 
Provided Data Data Point

Echologics 
Field Data
3 How Does It Work?

• Why do we collect time delay/velocity?
Speed of Sound in Water
Infinite Body In a Pipe

Velocity: Velocity:
Constant Governed by 
the Material 
and Geometry
3 How Does It Work?

• How does the material govern the Speed?
• Water is a non‐compressible fluid  
• Pressure wave causes pipe wall to “flex”
• Thicker pipe is more resistant                       
to this “flexing”
• Pipe resistance to “flex”                                  
is Elastic Modulus 
3 How Does It Work?

• Echologics field data collection
• Step 1: Test for leaks using Acoustic Correlation
3 How Does It Work?

• Echologics field data collection
• Step 2: Create noise source to pass both sensors

Noise Source
3 How Does It Work?

• Echologics field data collection
• Step 3: Use Echologics software to collect time delay
3 How Does It Work?

• What happens to the collected time delay?
• Convert to velocity using measured distance
• Calculate average wall thickness

Where:

v= propagation velocity of leak noise in pipe
vo =  propagation velocity of sound in an infinite body of 
water
D =  internal diameter of pipe
e =  thickness of pipe wall
Kwater =  bulk modulus of elasticity of water
Epipe =  Young’s modulus of elasticity of pipe material
3 How Does It Work? SUMMARY

• Records of pipe information is collected
• Acoustic field data is collected
• Leaks are detected
• Distances are measured
• Time delays are recorded
• Data is processed in office
• Average minimum wall thickness is 
determined

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