er017 List of mathematical symios by subject - Wikipedia List of mathematical symbols by subject Fos Wikipedia, the fe enoyelaped ‘This ist atm lal symbols by subject shows selection ofthe most common symbols that ae used in modem mathematical notation withis formulas, roaped by mathematical topic. Asit virtually impossible ot al the symbols ever used in mathematics, only those symbols which occur often in mathematics or ‘mathematics education are included. Many of the characters ae standardized, for example in DIN 1302 General mathematical symbols or DIN EN ISO 80000-2 Quantities and units ~ Par 2: Mathematical signs fr science and technolog) “The following lists largely mite to non-alphanumere characters, Its divided by areas of mathematics and grouped within sub-regions. Some symbols have 8 iferent meaning depending om the context and appear accordingly several imesin he list, Farber information onthe symbols and thet meaning canbe found in the respective linked atic, = 2 Settheory 21 Defisiton symbole 2.2 Setenstuction 23 Set operations 24 Setrlations 25 Number sts 2.6 Cardinality = 3 Anthmenc +31 Arithmetic operators 32 Equaliy signs + 33 Comparison +34 Divslsy 135 Imerals 436 Elementary functions +37 Complex numbers 138 Mathes! constants = 4 Calealae ALL Sequences and series 142 Fanctione 243 Limits 148 Asymptotic bohaviour + 45 Differential cleus 46 negra ealeulus 147 Vector calculus + 48 Topology 1 49 Functional analysis Linear algebre and geometry 35.1 Flementay geomety 152 Vectors and matics 153 Vector caleulus 1S Matix alls #55 Vector spaces 16 Algedea = 61 Relations + 62 Group theory 163 Fie theory 264 Ring theory Combinatorics 2 8 Stocks 8 Probability theory + £2 Sutsies = 9 Lovie 29.1 Operators +92 Quantfess + 93 Deduesion symbols 0 See ako 1 References 2 External links Guide ‘The following information i provided foreach mathematical symbol Symbol “The symbol ast i epresented by LaTeX. Ithere re several yporraphic variants, only one ofthe variants i shown, "An exemplary use ofthe symbol ina formula Lester ere stand sa placeholder fr numbers, variables or complex expressions. Different possible eplications axe listed Separately Interpretation "A shor textual description ofthe meaning of the formula inthe previous column, Article sce that discusses the caning (semantics ofthe symbol ‘The LaTeX command tha testes the fon, Charcters fom the ASCII character st canbe used diet, with a few exceptions (pound sign backs {and percent sign %) igh-and low-poston is indicated ia the characters "and ~ and tnt exphcty specie, ur. sh races hitps:ifenwkipedia.orgiwikList_of_mathematical_symbols_by_subject 110er017 List of mathematical symios by subject - Wikipedia ‘The ison in HTML, iii defined asa named mark, Non-named characters canbe indicated inthe frm can &éxnana by specifying the Unicode code pot of the next column. High-and low-posiion can he indicated via ^{B_| BA) Powersetofihesct A Power set \athtrakP) e eA) we Set relations Symbot| Usage Taterpretation ‘Aite Tate © | AcB "abet ‘Aisa propor subsct of B Ss | AcB mere Subse baer S| ASB AvsanbseotB ‘eben 3D | ADB \svpset Ais apropcr pene of B 2 ADB Superset [supsetnes 2 | ADB AisasipenetorB \wunsetea SEA esse iin test A he >| Ase ‘om Ere "Element (mathematics) soar lement ais notin the sot A a | Ago \potint ‘Not: The symbols Cand > ste used inconsscul and often dono exclude the equity ofthe wo quant. ‘Number sets Symbol] Usage ncerpretation Article Latex N ‘Natal mumbo ‘Naural number teen z Intezes Integer ‘eatoi2h @ Rational number Rational number ‘rath A ‘Algbrac numbers ‘Alecbrac number ania? R eal numbers Real number om c ‘Complex numbers Complex number aene0{C) a ‘Qusteions Quatrion ane bitpsen.wikipesia orgiwkiist_of mathematical symbols_by subject 20er017 List of mathematical symios by subject - Wikipedia Cardinatity Symbot| Cage Interpretation ‘Aree Lax ut VAI casi ofthe set A Carsialy were * #A a ‘ Canal oF continua Candia oft continuum | eneranied RRM nite arias ‘Aleph number ‘er 3) Sv... Bethaumbers th umber ‘oth Arithmetic Arithmetic operators Symbol] Urage Interpretation ‘Arte anx + ats added ‘Aion a = | a8 Bsuhased oma Susretion - 2 a uititidyd Matipcaton ses ab 7 f avid by Divison athena) o = ‘Negave of he wunber arte alive nvens ofa ‘ray ius : + Plus oF ins re va Fa Minssorphwa sorminas ran we (ft) pr ieee it Beker o to} a Interpretation ‘Ace Lax acquis gay (oaths) a dons not ould Tnequaiy (atoms) ‘se ‘sideiclo8 deny (athena) ule ais approximately equal ob ‘Approximation ‘wserox apron iob Popo otemtion 1 coesponds 0B Conespondense(athenats) | laeat Comparison Symbol] Uaage Toterpretaton Arte Tax < | aed [aisiewthan’ q >| ad 6 laispeatertiand > <) ass Nie ee ES ites tn orcaaiod pie Comparison (nates) Ea ee ee pee > ae the “ ‘weet < | a€b jaismuchomator dian’ a S| ab laismuchtiager tan hes Interpretation Aree Tax divided waa wa t tb (adocsnoi divided i ‘nia L | @18 [a and bare relavely prime Relavely rine wero an sean a + creates common dvr ofa and Greastcommondivir | A and wee us aue fey st common multiple ofa and b common muliple Bee ple ofa and Last kp ose = (out) and re songrent modulo m Moduler witmete veut Intervals hitps:ifenwkipedia.orgiwikList_of_mathematical_symbols_by_subject 3it0er017 List of mathematical symioos by subject - Wikipedia Symbot| Gage Tnterpreation ‘ee ane [Bd] Gosedinanatbaweon and IL bel (pes iment bere and O (a) tl bet “Interval (mathematics) oO 1ihe-apeineval ewe ad 0 0 (2,6) M1 bl Tettapen nenaberweenaantd a (a,3) Elementary functions Symbot| Cage Taterpreaton ‘ie ane i ll “Absolute value of = |Absolute value wert ou el ul Digest whe nuber sth oe 2 uo Torani csi futons |W A0° Wee [1 fe] Sra woe umber tet or gal o2 face weet ve ‘Square root of |Square root v sqrt ad ‘n-th root of z ‘nth root ee eset co Noth ows fatness ys on a, uty the posoning of he exponent af a spe Complex nambers Symbot]| Cage Tatrpreaton ‘ee tan mm) x fom womb # 2 Uz) ‘Real part of compl ber comme number c a 32) ‘Imaginary part of complex number 2 Mie - r er a — — i ll "Absolute value of complex number 2 |Absolute value wert, ema el and complex prof complex nner ae oe also deme by Re aT, Mathematical constants Symbot| Gage Totrpreation ‘ee ane = Fo Arineds canst x a : Tales const Gem) ve) * oles ao Goto oo i Trai vat ausotoF=T iagiay it ‘vat See a mathematical ost for sys of bine mater costa, Calculus Sequences and series Symbol] Gage Torreon ‘ee ane | SVT Simiome= rim orovrasonens inst Summation ten TE TBE reve toms 1: moroveral siemens inseT Prot thematic) pet TL TEL (conduct omé=1 10 moroverall cements tinse 7 Copa hepa oO (en) [Sequence of eemeat at 205- Sequence oO Sf ata [Sees fy) eso ita Limitorssaece co we pe0 tends "ety han Punetions hitps:ifenwkipedia.orgiwikList_of_mathematical_symbols_by_subject anoer017 List of mathematical symioos by subject - Wikipedia Symbol] Venge Terrien Artce Latex fAsB + Rant f mae mat Ata B he A>B ‘Function (mathematics) feny ” 7 anstion fips clement #19 clement y smite aby 0 Hla) Tage of element 2 under faction f oO (0) ‘Image (mathematics) mage of et X under fnton Coe t a 1 Tx Reson ofan Fast X Restaon (thomas) vere =A) elf a vara agune onan 7 Foe vrble \etot Tt [ive into tf Inve fnction a = [Fea |Conposion of cn Fang Fanon conperion pee +) fee [Contos of ancins fandg Contin hast . F Fouts tansirm ot anton f Fewer tan iat Limits Symbol | Usage Interpretation Arte Latex t timg(e) | woarrom Lint of faction fs spoathes fom bow 7 imi) wero | HRA) [Limiottinston fae apices iit ot ton ie Nate) sacra Limi ot fnton fa approaches fom above + Ease) = Asymptotic beh Symbol] onze Terrain “Arte Latex =| fee [Rion ively opal finetong Aampioicami ‘sin ©) PE ola) Faction f grows shower tang fe ° FE O(g) | Function f grows not substantially faster than g ‘ynatheal{o) e £€@(g) [Function f grows as fast as g [Big O notation \teta [Fe la) [Psion fos nx abana aver ang ies we | Fe wla) —[Fintonf grows fixer thn = Dilferentiat calculus Syl] age Interpretation ‘Arce Late | Fafh[Pstor second daivatveoincton f wine Fad [Fistor second derivative of finctonfwith espe tne Ginga) sant ae 0 |g) eth dena of tinction F Dereon (athena) af ivative of function f with respect to variable a gE Derwaieottncton ftp ah ; af [Tol diel of incon 7 el ifs @ 7% Paria derivative of function f with respect to variable 2 Partial derivative pares ae Integral calculus Symbol | Usage Interpretation ‘Artce Latex I [ Lf ‘Definite integral between a and b or over set @ Integral Aine fof Cmemeantamgeaey cueing am [If emo neoninsr rues wn i [eaertr ws Vector calculus hipsYenwikpediaocpwikiis_of mathematical symbols by subject sitoer017 List of mathematical symioos by subject - Wikipedia Symbot | Usage Anterpretation Article LaTeX ‘Vf Grades of function f Gradiew V V-F Divergence of ctor fal Divergence \wabta VxF [Curl ofvecor eld F (Cut (matbenates) a Bf [taplac operator of fincion F Tapas operator co o Df ___[DAlomber operator of futon f TAlembert operator Neaure ‘Topology Symbol] Usage Interpretation Article Lax @ ‘BU [Boundary of a7 Boundary (opotons) [wareiar zg Te _neriorofsee Interior topology) yeire = TD __ [Close ofser Closure poly) \overtine (=) __Puseared neighbourhood U of point = uncured eighbowhood —_|\sot Functional analysis Symbol | Usage ncerpretation Article Tax 7 'V’ [Topological dual space of topological vector space V ‘Dua pace rine * V¥ __Bidual specs oF normed vetor pace V " : [Completion of meuic space X (Complete mete pace ‘hat | _XOY_Fimbedding of opoloysel vector apace X ito F being lvwiriearee Linear algebra and geometry Elementary geometry Symbol] Usage Taterpretation ‘Aite atx U1 [AB]__Lineseamont beeween points Aland B a a es ‘cdma B Line segment were - B et wm m \overtine Vector tween point aad ‘ucldean vector wee “Angle Derwen fine segments BA and BC ‘Anale \wrale “Triangle with eres A, Band © ian a ‘Quadra wih vers A,B, Cand D (Quadeateal vsauare Lines gand ce acl \paraiiel Lines gand hae not pase Pete Geom) \woaratiet Lines gand ce otogenal Onihogonaliy ‘were Interpretation Article ‘Row vevtor comprising element though te Neeasnionateax) ” ctr sand pysis) eter) : ‘Column vector comprising elements 2 SOU ey . moss) oder 3 neste Novaincarrayt. “Matix somprising clement ny 048 ‘Matrix (mathematics) Needanrayd os ‘hey ‘Vector caleulus hitps:ifenwkipedia.orgiwikList_of_mathematical_symbols_by_subject 6it0er017 List of mathematical symioos by subject - Wikipedia Symbot| Usage Anterpretation Article Latex : vw \eaoe O | (0%) product of vectors Vand 1 Dot product Oo Obs) \tangle \rarete x exw ‘eines ros product of vector van cross produt a fe] oO O_| Gee) Tepe product oF vector, wand w “Tipe product oO @ | vw Pyaiieprakstofveclon vand w Dyadic product Noting A | wAw Wedge product of vectors vend w ‘Wedge product ‘weabe ul Tel Leng of vet» uetdean norm were MW Uo [Nomofvecor © ‘Norm (mathematics) were = 3 [Normalized vecor of vector w Unit vecor att) Matrix ealeulus Sym Tage Tnterpretation “Avite A-B Product ofmatices And B ‘Matrix malian eee © | AeB_aamsrd pret of mates A and B Hadamard product (mawises) [etre @ | A@B Kronecker product ofratrices A snd B Kronesker pout jotines | + ‘AP Transposed max of max A “Transosed matrix o ® a le . A*_|Conjugmte tanspose of matrix A ‘Conjugate uanspose 7 a 1 ‘AT [tovere matrix of matrix A overs max + “A> ___[Moore-Penrose peudoinveras of mtx A “Moore-Penosepscudoinverse + ui [A] [Determinant of Matix A Determinant were TTA Nom ofmatix A Matrix norm ‘vert ‘Vector spaces Symbot| Usage Interpretation Article Tatex + | __V+W__[Sumot vector spaces V end 7 5 Dizet sum of modules @ | Ve@W Direc sum of vetor spaces Vand W \eniee X__VxW_Divet product of vector spaces Vand W Dinet product ‘eines © | VeW _Tersor product of vector spaces V and W Tensor product \otines | 7 'V/U [Quotient space of vector space V by subspace U Quoten space ines algebra) [7 : ‘T+ Ordhogonl complement of subspace U ‘Onogona complement were * V* Dual space of vecor space V vest . X* Annihilator space ofthese of vectors X [Pas seee ° oO (Linear ll ofthese of vectors X inca ull ‘angle Wrarele Algebra Relations Symbot| Usage Anterpretation Article LaTex RoS Composition of cations Rand S ‘Composition oF elations vet ob ‘ire . eb (Operation of clements a and (general) ‘Operation (atheratics) Ywailet * asd vest S| @ lementa iva successor af eement wee ~ | __a~b | Bauivalenee relation between elements a and Equivalence relation vin 0 guvalenes cass of element a Equivalence class oa 1 (Quotient st oft by esuivalene eaion (Quotient set 0 + RA __lnvene elation of elation R Inverse relation + Re __Transive closure of elation R “rannitive closure be a Re __ [Reflexive close ofteaion R Reflexive cone ee Group theory hitps:ifenwkipedia.orgiwikList_of_mathematical_symbols_by_subject 710er017 List of mathematical symioos by subject - Wikipedia Symbot | Usage Interpretation ‘Article LaTeX GF Groups Gand Bl ae sophie Group isomorphism ‘sina ao es “P Neon X__GxH Dire roduc of eups Gand A Direct rode ‘eines |x Semis product of eros G and H Semidiet prod eines 2 | GLH rents rodut of groups G end Hf ‘Wreath prodst [we S| VEG _Visandgrounot sop @ su vasa < | _V 1 | PCA[B) _[Probsbiliyofeven A given event B Condon probability ywia EB B(x) [Expected value of the random variable X [Expected valuc le Vv V(x) ‘Variance of the random variable X ‘Variance \v o(X) ‘Standard deviation of the random variable XC ‘Standard deviation st @(X,¥) Covariance of random variables X and ¥ Covariance es e X,Y) [Correlation of random variables X and ¥ (Correlation [rho | | Xe F [Random variable X has dieu F ‘sin Probability ditibution = X%F [Random variable X has distribution F approximately "obabity ise approx L | ALB [Event Aisindependent rom even Independence Grbubliy theo) | were Remark: for pesto tere ae several notational vrata of round brackets also sare brackets ar sed Statistics Symbol] Ueage Interpretation Arte Tax = 2 [Average ofthe lek 21-1 he xen oO (Average overall values inthe set X (i pysis) “ve angle Varale : # [Beta for paramere Finan vat Logie Operators Symbol] Ueage Interpretation Article LaTex ‘_|_AAB _[Popoion A and proposon B Logical conjunction laa V__|_AVB Proposition Aor proposition B or bat) Logis disnetion Nor AME poston A low om poposion Band vie yea Logical equivalence eerie = AsB Wiener om proposition A follows proposition B Logie consequence > AaB romprone ‘ellows propos "eal conse [\rightarrow e | 4eB soot YAY B either ropsiton Aor proposition B xchaive or weston v AVE |\dat\or_ = nA a ‘nwt ot proposition Logie negnon a Bropess "cl nega bar Quantifiers Symbol] Ueage Interpretation Article TaTex v ve Vora Fora semen 2 ivr quaniation A A lotentee a ae Neiete Vv \/___Abtzstone clement exits Essen uaiinson a | ae jesse Vasey ent exis Unive gamseton | 2 Be [Nociements exis Enea quanctcaton [siete Deduction symbols Symbol] Ueage Interpretation Article LaTex F_|__Ak B _[Proposiin B canbe sysctl derived ftom proporiion A Propositional cele ‘eat bE AEB Proposition B follows semantically from proposition A [Inference 1: a swe ton A is nivel te to a \Propos ally ‘Tautology (logic) hao L Proposion As coerditony Coniadition bot Proportion Ai te, therefore propoton Bis wwe veheretore Dede res ‘ropotion A sre, because Bis rae soning [ecru . [od efpror ep yolscesaare . of roo Q ee ips: wkipeci.orgivikiList_of mathematical_symbols_by_subject anoer017 List of mathematical symios by subject - Wikipedia See also + List of mathematical symbols 1 Greck lees used in mathematics, scence, nd engineering 180 31-11 (Masiemascal signs and symbols for ue in physi Latin eters sed in mathematics ist of mathematial abbreviations Mathematica alphanumeric symbols “Mathematical eostants and farcions Mathematical notation ‘Mathematical operators and symbols in Univode Notation in probability and stasties Physical consanis Table of logic symbols Table of mathematica symbols by introduction date Unicode block References + Tilo Arens; Frank Hetlch; Christian Kapfinger; Ulich Kockelkorn; Klas Lichtenexger; Hellmuth Stachel (2011) in German), Mathematik 2), Spek ‘Akademischer Verag, pp. 1433, ISBN #-497-42347.3, + Wolfgang ilsckbusch 2010) (in German, Taschenbuck der Mathematt Band I (3, Springer, pp 1275, ISBN 3-835-10123.4 ' Deutsches lnsiut fir Normung: DIN 1302: Allgemeine mathomatsche Zeichen und Beprife, Beuth Netiag, 1999 1 Deutsches Instat fir Normang: DIN 1303-Yektoren Matrizen, Tensoren;Zeicken und Begrif, Beuth-Verin, (987 * International Standards Organisation: DIN EN ISO 80000-2: Gren und Einheiten~ Tel 2: Mathematisohe Zechen fr Naturwissenschaftund Techni, 2013. Noe: Thi antics i a translation ofthe German Wikipedia article de Liste mathomatischer Symbol, External links + Scott Pakin (9 November 2009, "The Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List” (hts/mirors.ianorpinfosymbelelompre hensivelsymbols-at pdf PDF; 44 MB), The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network (CTAN) Retrieved 22 July 2013 ‘ikea Commons has malar Mathemaia eymboe Retrieved from “hipslien.wikipdia.onwindexphpsile-Lis_of_mathematiesl_ symbols_by_subjest&alid-790595655" ‘Categories: Mathematical notation | Mathemticeelte ists | Matematica symbols | Mathematical tables | Mathematical logis | Lists of symbols This page nas last edited om 15 July 2017, a 13:33 * Tox isavalable under the Creative Commons Auribusion-ShareAlike License; addional erms may apply. By using this site, you agree to che Tens of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered ademark ofthe Wikimedia Foundation, Inca nowprfit organization hitps:ifenwkipedia.orgiwikList_of_mathematical_symbols_by_subject 0110}