Professional Documents
Culture Documents
�Lb - Lp �
M p - ( Mp - 0.7Fy Sx ) �
Mn = Cb � �=
�
� �L - L � �
� �r p �
�
2 2
E Jc �Jc � �0.7Fy �
Lr = 1.95rts + � �+ 6.76 � �=
0.7Fy Sx h0 �Sx h0 � �E �
Mn = Fcr Sx =
2 2
Cπ
b E Jc �
Lb�
Fcr = 1 + 0.078 � �=
( Lb / rts )
2
Sx h0 �rts �
12.5Mmax
Cb = =
2.5Mmax + 3M A + 4Mb + 3Mc
I y h0
rts = =
2Sx
�λ - λpf �
Mn = M p - ( M p - 0.7Fy Sx ) � �=
�λ - λ �
� rf pf �
0.9Ekc Sx
Mn = =
λ2
λ = bf / (2tf ) =
M p = Fy Z x =
Rpc = M p / M yc
�M p �Mλp λ �� - pw M �� p
Rpc = � - � - 1� � ��
�
�
�M yc �
�Mλyc
�
λ�
�� rw - M
�
�
pw �
� yc
1.6Fy Sxc =
M yc = Fy Sxc =
I yc / I y =
� �Lb - Lp �
�
Rpc Myc - ( Rpc Myc - FL Sxc ) �
Mn = Cb � ��Rpc Myc
�
� �L - L �
�
� �r p �
�
Mn = Fcr Sxc �R pc M yc
2
Cπ 2
b E J �
Lb�
Fcr = 1 + 0.078 � �=
( Lb / rt )
2
Sxc h0 �rt �
hc tw
aw = =
bfc t fc
bfc
rt = =
�h0 1 h2 �
12 � + aw �
�d 6 h0 d �
2 2
E J � J � �FL �
Lr = 1.95rt + � �+ 6.76 � � =
FL Sxc h0 �Sxc h0 � �E �
�λ - λpf �
Mn = Rpc Myc - ( Rpc Myc - FL S xc ) � �=
�λ - λ �
� rf pf �
0.9Ekc Sxc
Mn = =
λ2
Mn = Rpt M yt =
M yt = Fy Sxt =
Rpt = M p / M yt =
�M p �Mλp λ �� - pw
�
�
Rpt = � - � - 1� � �=
�
�
�M yt �
�Mλyt
�
λ�
�� rw - pw
�
�
�
�
Mp
� =
M yt
Mn = R pg Fy Sxc =
aw �hc E �
Rpg = 1 - � - 5.7 �=
1200 + 300aw �tw F �
� y �
� �
�Lb - Lp �
Fy - ( 0.3Fy ) �
Fcr = Cb � �=
�
� �
�
� �Lr - Lp �
�
�
2
Cπ
b E
Fcr = =
( Lb / rt )
2
E
r =
Lπr t =
0.7Fy
0.9Ek c
Fcr = 2
=
�bf �
� �
�2t f �
Mn = Fy Sxt
Vn = 0.6Fy Aw Cv =
�
�1 when h / tw �1.10 kv E / Fy (i)
�
�
�1.10 kv E / Fy
Cv = � when 1.10 kv E / Fy < h / tw �1.37 kv E / Fy (ii)
� h / tw
�
� 1.51kv E when h / tw > 1.37 kv E / Fy (iii)
�h / t 2 F
�( w ) y
1.1 kv E / Fy =
1.37 kv E / Fy =
2.46 E / Fy =
h / t w �2.46 E / Fy
Ist �btw3 j =
2.5
j= - 2 �0.5
(a / h )2
E
( b / t ) st �0.56 =
Fyst
�tst bst3
� for single stiffeners
� 3
Ist = �
� �tst bst �t w + bst � �
3 2
� +
� �12 � 2 �tst bst
2 � for stiffener pairs
� � �
�� �
2
5 � 260 �
kv = 5 + = 5 when a / h > 3 or a/ h > � �
(a / h )2 ( h / tw ) �
�
2
� 260 �
� �=
( h / tw ) �
�
�
0.6Fy Aw when h / tw �1.1 kv E / Fy
�
�
Vn = � � �
� 1 - Cv � when h / t > 1.1 k E / F
�
0.6Fy Aw Cv +
� � � w v y
1.15 1 + ( a / h )
2
� �
� � �
�V - Vc 1 �
Ist �Ist 1 + (Ist 2 - Ist 1 ) � r �=
�Vc 2 - Vc1 �
1.5
4 1.3
hρ �Fyw �
Ist 2 = st
� � =
40 �E �
5w L L4
Δ1max = =
384EI
5w D + L L4
Δ 2max = =
384EI
� E �
dmax = min �
0.75 t f ,30cm �=
� Fy �
� �
Fy3
f = 0.045h =
E
� �λ - λpf �
�
M p - ( M p - 0.7Fy Sy ) �
Mn = � �=
�
� �λ - λ �
�
� � rf pf �
�
Mn = Fcr Sy =
0.69E
Fcr = 2
=
�b �
� �
�t f �
kc E
λr = 0.64 =
Fy
kc E
λr = 1.49 =
Fy
π 2E
Fe = =
( KL / r )
2
�π 2 ECw � 1
Fe = � + GJ � =
�( K z L )
�
2
�I +I
�x y
� KL E � Fy
�
�
(a) When �4.71 � Fcr = �
0.658 Fe �Fy
�
� r Fy � �
� �
�
� KL E
(b) When
� > 4.71 � Fcr = 0.877Fe
� r Fy
E
4.71 =
Fy
�
� Ekc
� b
(i) When �0.64 � Qs = 1.0
� t Fy
�
�
� Ekc b Ekc �b � Fy
(ii) When 0.64
� < < 1.17 � Qs = 1.415 - 0.65 � �
� Fy t Fy �t � Ekc
�
� b Ekc 0.9Ek c
(iii) When > 1.17 � Qs =
� t Fy 2
�b �
� Fy � �
� �t �
kc E
0.64 =
Fy
Ekc
1.17 =
Fy
� KL E � QFy
�
�
(a) When �4.71 � Fcr = Q �
0.658 Fe �Fy
�
� r QFy � �
� �
�
� KL E
(b) When
� > 4.71 � Fcr = 0.877Fe
� r QFy
E
4.71 =
QFy
π 2 EI y
Pey = =
L2b
αPr
1+ =
Pey
Pr 8 �Mrx Mry �
+ � + �=
Pc 9 � �
�Mcx Mcy �
Pr �M Mry �
+ � rx + �=
2Pc � �Mcx Mcy �
�
E
λrf = 0.56 =
Fy
E
λrw = 1.49 =
Fy
�π 2 ECw � 1
Fe = � + GJ � =
�( K z L )
�
2
�I +I
�x y
π 2E
Fe = =
( KL / r )
2
� KL E � Fy
�
�
(a) When �4.71 � Fcr = �
0.658 Fe �Fy
� r Fy � �
� � �
�
� KL E
�
(b) When > 4.71 � Fcr = 0.877Fe
�
� r Fy
�
� b E
�
(i) When �0.56 � Qs = 1.0
� t Fy
�
�
� E b E �b � Fy
(ii) When 0.56
� < < 1.03 � Qs = 1.415 - 0.74 � �
� Fy t Fy �t � E
�
� b E 0.69E
(iii) When > 1.03
� � Qs = 2
� t Fy �b �
� Fy � �
� �t �
E
1.03 =
Fy
When web is not slender Qa =1.0
h E E � 0.34 E � Ae
When �1.49 he = 1.92tw 1-
� ��h Qa =
tw f f � (h / tw ) f � Ag
� KL E � QFy
�
�
(a) When �4.71 � Fcr = Q �
0.658 Fe �Fy
� r QFy � �
� � �
�
� KL E
�
(b) When > 4.71 � Fcr = 0.877Fe
�
� r QF y
E
4.71 =
QFy
� D E
�When �0.11 Q =1
t Fy
�
�
� E D E 0.38E 2
�When 0.11 < < 0.45 Q = Qa = +
� Fy t Fy Fy (D / t ) 3
E � 0.38 E�
be = 1.92t 1-
� ��b
f � (b / t) f �
2
r0
π 2E
Fey = =
( KL / r )
2
�π 2ECw �1
Fez = � + GJ � 2 =
�( K z L )
2
� �
�Ar 0
2 Ix + Iy
r 0 = x02 + y 02 + =
Ag
� �
�Fey + Fez �� 4Fey Fez H �=
Fe = � 1- 1-
��
( Fey + Fez ) �
2
� 2H �� �
x02 + y 02
H = 1- 2
=
r0
r0 =
� L KL L
(i) When
� �80 = 72 + 0.75
� rx r rx
�
� L KL L
(ii) When
� > 80 = 32 + 1.25 �200
� rx r rx
�
� b E
�
(i) When �0.45 Qs = 1
� t Fy
�
�
� E b E �b � Fy
(ii) When 0.45
� < �0.91 Qs = 1.34 - 0.76 � �
� Fy t Fy �t � E
�
� b E 0.53E
(iii) When > 0.91
� Qs = 2
� t F y �b �
� Fy � �
� �t �
x=
�KL � K y Ly
�r � = r =
� � 0 y
� a �KL � �KL �
(i) When �40
� �r � = �r �
� ri � � m � �0
�
� 2
2
� a �KL � �KL � �K i a �
(iI) When
� > 40 �r � = �r �+ �r �
� ri � � m � � 0 �i �
a
=
ri
Ki a
=
ri
�KL �
�r � =
� � m
GJ
Fcrz = 2
=
Ag r0
� �
�Fcry + Fcrz �� 4Fcry Fcrz H �=
Fcr = � 1- 1-
��
( Fcry + Fcrz ) �
2
� 2H �� �
0.0732
�I �
x = 0.5L �x,small � =
�I �
�x ,l arg e �
π 2EI x'
Pex = =
L2
� Fy � Fy
�
�
For �2.25 Fn1 = �
0.658 Fe �
F
� Fe � �y
� � �
�
� Fy
�
For > 2.25 Fn1 = 0.877 Fy
�
� Fe
� QFy � QFy
�
�
For �2.25 Fcr = �
0.658 Fe �
QF
� Fe � � y
� � �
�
� QFy
�
For Q = 1 or > 2.25 Fcr = Fn1
�
� Fe
Pr Pr
=
Pc
π 2EI y
Pey = =
(KLb1 )2
�
PeCAT = �
(
π 2E Cw + Iy as2
+ GJ
�
�2
) 1
� (K L )2
�r + ry2 + ac2
� z b,inside �x
h02I y 1
Cw =
Iy 1
+1
Iy 2
� hc Mp
For
� �λpw Rpc =
� tw M yc
�
�
� hc �M p �Mλp λ �� - pw M �� p
For
� λpw < < λrw Rpc = � - � - 1� � ��
�
� �
� �
� tw �
�M yc �Mλyc � rw - M
λ� �
pw �
� yc
�
� hc I yc Mp
For
� �λrw or �0.23 Rpc = 1 �
� tw Iy M yc
� hc
For
� �λrw R pg = 1.0
tw
�
�
�
� hc aw �hc E �
For
� > λrw Rpg = 1 - � - 5.7 ��1.0
tw 1200 + 300aw �tw Fy �
� � �
hc tw
aw = =
bfc t fc
2
1.0π 2E J �Lb �
FeLTB Cb =1 = 2
1 + 0.078 � �
�Lb � Sxc h0 �rt �
� �
�rt �
bfc
rt = =
�h0 1 h2 �
12 � + aw �
�d 6 h0 d �
FeLTB Cb =1 =
FeLTB ( Cb =1)
γ eLTB ( Cb =1) = =
fmax
γ eLTB ( Cb =1) fr
=
Fy
� ( γ eLTB ) C =1 fr π2
�
a) If b
� 2 = 8.2 (the stress ratiio corresponding to Lb =Lp for prismatic members),
� Fy 1.1
�
� the lateral-torsional buckling limit state does not apply
�
FL ( γ eLTB ) Cb =1 fr
�
�
b) If < < 8.2, calculate the inelastic nominal lateral-torsional buckling strength as:
� Fy Fy
�
�
� � � Fy �
�
� � �π - 1.1 �
�
� � � FL �
� γ eLTB fr �
�
� Mn = Cb Rpg Rpc M yc �
1- �
1- �
� ��Rpg Rpc M yc
�
� R F � F
� � � �
�π �
- 1.1 �
pc y y
� � � FL �
�
� � � �
�
�
� ( γ eLTB ) C =1 fr F
c) If
�
b
� L , calculate the elastic lateral-torsional buckling nominal strength as
� Fy Fy
�
� For members with slender webs, Mn = Cb Rγpg ( ) f Sxc �Rpg M yc
eLTB C =1 r
� b
�
� b (
For other members, Mn = Cγ ) fS
eLTB Cb =1 r xc �M
R pc yc
�
�
fmi d
For �1 or f2 = 0, or cantilevers, Cb = 1
f2
2
f1 �f �
Otherwise, C b = 1.75 - 1.05 + 0.3 �1 � �2.3
f2 �f2 �
f0 + f2
For fmid < , f1 = f0
2
f +f
For fmid � 0 2 , f1 = 2fmid - f2 �f0
2
�
�
�
a) For members with compact flanges, bf / ( 2t f ) �0.38 E / Fy ,the limit state of FLB does not apply
�
�
�
b) For members with noncompact flanges, 0.38 E / Fy < bf / ( 2tf ) < 0.95 kc E / Fy
�
�
� � � �
�
� b E
� � - 0.38 �
�
�
� � � 2t f Fy �
�
� Mn = Rpg � Rpc M yc - ( Rpc M yc - FLSxc ) � �
�
� � �0.95 kc E - 0.38 E � �
� � � F F �
�
� � � L y �
�
�
c) For members with slender flanges bf / ( 2tf ) �0.95 kc E / Fy
�
�
� 0.9Rpg Ekc Sxc
� Mn =
� �b �
2
� � �
� �2tf �
E
1.49 =
f
� �
�0.021E �
Mn = � + Fy �S =
� �D � �
��
� �t �
� �
�
Mn = Fcr S =
0.33E
Fcr = =
�D �
�
�t �
�
0.45E
=
Fy
1.60E
Fcr = 5
=
Lv �D �4
D� �t �
�
� Fy �
(
Mn = M p - M p - Fy S �
3.57
b
t
) E
- 4.0��M p
� f �
E � 0.38 E �
be = 1.92t f 1-
� ��b
Fy � b / tf Fy �
� �
( h - t) t
2
( be - b)
ye = =
Ae
t� � � t ( H - 2t ) �
3
�Bt 3 � t� � �
2
be t 3 �
2
Ie = � + �y1 - tB �+ � + y2 - tb �+ 2 � + y e2 ( H - 2t ) t �
2�
� � �12 � � e
�12 � � 2� � � � 12 �
�
� Fy �
(
Mn = M p - Mp - Fy S �
0.305
t
h
) E
- 0.738 ��M p
� w �
t fc �h � �t �
Afc + Aw � + tfc �+ Aft �ft + h + tfc �
2 �2 � �2 �
y1 = =
A
2 2 2
bfc t fc3 � t fc � t h3 �h � b t3 � t �
Ix = +�y 1 - � Afc + w + � + t fc - y1 � Aw + ft ft + �y - ft Aft
12 � 2� 12 �2 � 12 � 2 2 � �
( ) ( )
2 2
� t � y cpl - t fc � t � y tpl - tft
Z x = bfc tf c �y cpl - fc �+ tw + bft t f t �y tpl - ft �+ tw
� 2� 2 � 2� 2
hc E
hp Fy
λpw = 2
=
� Mp �
0.54
� - 0.09�
� My �