EKG Quick Reference Chart

Route Rate Rhythm

Rhythm P Wave PR Interval QRS Rate Regularity Life Causes
Threatening
Normal Sinus Normal 0.12-0.20 <0.12 60-100 Regular No Normal Finding
Sinus Bradycardia Normal 0.12-0.20 <0.12 <60 Regular Dependant Sleep, inactivity, athletic, vagal
on Cause tone, drugs, MI, K+, respiratory
arrest
Sinus Tachycardia Normal 0.12-0.20 <0.12 >100, usually Regular No Caffeine, exercise, fever, anxiety,
100-150 heart failure, drugs, pain, hypoxia,
hypotension, volume depletion
Atrial Pause Looks like SR but drops a complex Normal or Irregular Depends on Elderly, digoxin toxicity, MI,
slow length and rheumatic fever
frequency
Atrial Flutter Saw None <0.12 Atrial rate Regular or Dependant Valvular heart disease, MI, CHF,
tooth 250-400 Irregular on pericarditis
ventricular
rate
Atrial Fibrillation Wavy None <0.12 Atrial rate Irregular Dependant Heart disease, pulmonary disease,
unident >400 on emotional stress, excessive
ifiable ventricular alcohol or caffeine
rate
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Junctional INVERT <0.12 <0.12 40-60 Regular Dependant Electrical impulse not arriving
Rhythm ED on from SA node, AV node fires at
before ventricular inherent rate
or after rate
QRS or
absent
Accelerated INVERT <0.12 <0.12 60-100 Regular Dependant Digoxin toxicity, damage to AV
Junctional ED on node
Rhythm before ventricular
or after rate
QRS or
absent
Junctional INVERT <0.12 <0.12 >100 Regular Dependant Same as SVT
Tachycardia ED on
before ventricular
or after rate
QRS or
absent
Supraventricular Pointed Immeasur <0.12 150-250 Regular Dependant Caffeine, CHF, fatigue, hypoxia,
Tachycardia or able on rate and mitral valve disease, altered
hidden patient pacemaker in heart
in T ability to
tolerate

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Idioventricular None None >0.11 20-40 Regular Yes Digoxin toxicity, acute MI
Rhythm wide and
bizarre
Ventricular None None >0.11 150-250 Regular Yes, may MI, ischemia, digoxin toxicity,
Tachycardia wide and have pulse hypoxia, acidosis, ↓K+, ↓BP
bizarre
Ventricular None None None None Irregular, vary Yes, no Follow PVC, VT, most common
Fibrillation in size, shape pulse cause of sudden death
and height
Asystole Possibl None None None No QRS Yes Follows VT/VFib, acidosis, hypoxia,
e ↓K+, hypothermia, drug overdose
1° AV Block Normal >0.20 <0.12 Varies Regular or Usually Not First sign of increasing AV block
irregular
2° AV Block Type Normal Varies: <0.12 Varies Regularly Usually Not Acute inferior MI, digoxin toxicity,
I progressiv irregular: QRS vagal stimulation, conduction
ely dropped after system disease
prolonged progressively
prolonged PRI
2° AV Block Type Normal Consistent Normal or Usually slow Regular or Dependant BBB, anterior MI, lesions of
II normal or wide irregular; on overall conduction system
prolonged occasionally ventricular
dropped QRS rate, may
progress to
3° AV Block

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3° AV Block Normal No Wide Slow Regular Yes: Atria and ventricles beat
relationshi pacemaker independently, digoxin or K+
p between needed toxicity, acute MI, ischemic heart
PR & QRS disease
Premature Atrial Yes, May differ <0.12 Rate of PAC No Coffee, tea, alcohol, CHF,
Contractions PAC P from underlying complexes emotions, fatigue, fever, hypoxia,
wave underlying rhythm come early mitral valve disease
shaped rhythm
differe
nt
Premature Inverte <0.12 <0.12 Rate of PJC make it No Vagal tone, stress, caffeine,
Junctional d underlying irregular alcohol, heart failure, digoxin
Contractions before rhythm toxicity, ↓K+
or after
QRS or
absent
Premature None N/A >0.11 Dependant Irregular due Depends on Ventricular irritability, hypoxia,
Ventricular wide and on to premature frequency ↓K+, Ca, MI, digoxin toxicity,
Contractions bizarre underlying beat and how anxiety
rhythm close to T
wave

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