ASSIGNMENT ENGLISH COURSE

HEALTH EDUCATION

“ALZHEIMER”

ARRANGED BY GROUP 5:

Alya Nurainissha (P3.73.20.1.15.004)

Muhammad Ramadhan (P3.73.20.1.15.023)

Nadya Utami Putri (P3.73.20.1.15.025)

Rizkina Ananda Junaedi (P3.73.20.1.15.030)

Safitri Kartikasari (P3.73.20.1.15.032)

Vinandiati Novita Putri (P3.73.20.1.15.041)

D III COURSES OF NURSING

POLTEKKES JAKARTA KEMENKES III
SINCE 2017
A. Definition Of Alzheimer’s

Alzheimer's is a chronic, progressive, and degenerative disorder of the brain and is

known to affect memory, cognition and the ability to care for oneself. (Suddart, &
Brunner, 2002).

Alzheimer type dementia (DAT) is a degenerative process that occurs first in cells
located at the base of the forebrain that sends information to the cerebral and
hippocampal cortex. (Doenges, 2000)

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive degenerative in which the primary pathology is

the formation of neuritis around neurons and decreased levels of acetylcholine in the
brain. (Engram, 1999)

Alzheimer's is a destructive and paralytic disease that primarily affects people aged 65
and above (pathophysiology: the clinical concept of disease processes, is also a
disease with degenerative disorders that affect brain cells and cause impaired
intellectual functioning, the disease occurs in men and women and according to
documents occurred in certain individuals at the age of 40. (Medical Surgical
Treatment: volume 1 pp. 1003).

B. Sign And Symptoms Of Alzheimer’s

1. Memory loss that disrupts daily life
One of the most common signs of Alzheimer's is memory loss, especially
forgetting recently learned information. Others include forgetting important dates
or events; asking for the same information over and over; increasingly needing to
rely on memory aids (e.g., reminder notes or electronic devices) or family
members for things they used to handle on their own.
2. Challanges in planning or solving problems
Some people may experience changes in their ability to develop and follow a plan
or work with numbers. They may have trouble following a familiar recipe or
keeping track of monthly bills. They may have difficulty concentrating and take
much longer to do things than they did before.
3. Difficulty completing familiar tasks at home at work or at leisure
People with Alzheimer's often find it hard to complete daily tasks. Sometimes,
people may have trouble driving to a familiar location, managing a budget at
work or remembering the rules of a favorite game
4. Confusion with time or place
 People with Alzheimer's can lose track of dates, seasons and the passage of time.
They may have trouble understanding something if it is not happening
immediately. Sometimes they may forget where they are or how they got there.
5. Trouble understanding visual images and spatial relationships
For some people, having vision problems is a sign of Alzheimer's. They may have
difficulty reading, judging distance and determining color or contrast, which may
cause problems with driving.
6. New problems with words in speaking or writing
People with Alzheimer's may have trouble following or joining a conversation.
They may stop in the middle of a conversation and have no idea how to continue
or they may repeat themselves. They may struggle with vocabulary, have
problems finding the right word or call things by the wrong name
7. Misplacing things and losing the ability to retrace steps
A person with Alzheimer's disease may put things in unusual places. They may
lose things and be unable to go back over their steps to find them again.
Sometimes, they may accuse others of stealing. This may occur more frequently
over time.
8. Decreased or poor judgment
People with Alzheimer's may experience changes in judgment or decision-
making. For example, they may use poor judgment when dealing with money,
giving large amounts to telemarketers. They may pay less attention to grooming
or keeping themselves clean.
9. Withdrawal from work or social activities
A person with Alzheimer's may start to remove themselves from hobbies, social
activities, work projects or sports. They may have trouble keeping up with a
favorite sports team or remembering how to complete a favorite hobby. They may
also avoid being social because of the changes they have experienced.
10.Changes in mood and personality
The mood and personalities of people with Alzheimer's can change. They can
become confused, suspicious, depressed, fearful or anxious. They may be easily
upset at home, at work, with friends or in places where they are out of their
comfort zone.
C. Risk Factors Of Alzheimer’s
Scientists have identified factors that increase the risk of Alzheimer’s. The most important
risk factors-age, family history and heredity can't be changed, but emerging evidence suggests
there may be other factors we can influence.

1. Age
 The greatest known risk factor for Alzheimer’s is increasing age. Most
individuals with the disease are 65 and older. One in nine people in this age group
and nearly one-third of people age 85 and older have Alzheimer’s.
2. Family history
Another strong risk factor is family history. Those who have a parent, brother or sister
with Alzheimer’s are more likely to develop the disease. The risk increases if more than
one family member has the illness. When diseases tend to run in families, either heredity
(genetics) or environmental factors, or both, may play a role.
3. Genetics (heredity)
Scientists know genes are involved in Alzheimer’s. Two categories of genes influence
whether a person develops a disease: risk genes and deterministic genes. Alzheimer's
genes have been found in both categories.
a. Risk genes
Increase the likelihood of developing a disease, but do not guarantee it will
happen. Researchers have found several genes that increase the risk of
Alzheimer’s. apolipoprotein E-e4, or APOE-e4, is the first risk gene
identified and remains the one with strongest impact.
Other common forms of the APOE gene are APOE-e2 and APOE-e3.
Everyone inherits a copy of some form of APOE from each parent. Those
who inherit one copy of APOE-e4 have an increased risk of developing
Alzheimer’s; those who inherit two copies have an even higher risk, but not a
certainty. Researchers are not yet certain how APOE-e4 increases risk. In
addition to raising risk, APOE-e4 may tend to make Alzheimer's symptoms
appear at a younger age than usual.
b. Deterministic genes
Directly cause a disease, guaranteeing that anyone who inherits one will
develop the disorder. Scientists have discovered variations that directly cause
Alzheimer’s disease in the genes coding three proteins: amyloid precursor
protein (APP), presenilin-1 (PS-1) and presenilin-2 (PS-2).
When Alzheimer’s disease is caused by these deterministic variations, it is
called “autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease (ADAD)” or “familial
Alzheimer’s disease,” and many family members in multiple generations are
affected. Individuals with these genes usually develop symptoms in their 40s
or 50s. Deterministic Alzheimer's variations have been found in only a few
hundred extended families worldwide. True familial Alzheimer’s accounts
for 1 percent of cases.
D. Prevention Of Alzheimer’s
1. Food consumption contains antioxidants
Foods with antioxidants can prevent senile disease and prevent it from preventing
Alzheimer's. Lots of vegetables and fruits that are rich in antioxidants. In addition
jgua tea contains many antioxidants. See more foods that contain antioxidants.
2. Reduce fatty foods
Not just obesity, fat can also trigger changes in brain function for better or worse.
Alzheimer's can also be triggered from fatty foods. Should reduce the
consumption of saturated fat because it can make brain cells that become
inefficient. Also reduce the consumption of fried foods such as fried foods, fried
rice, etc.
3. Sports
Diligent exercise turned out to stimulate good cholesterol production. The
researchers claim this good cholesterol can serve as an anti-inflammatory to
prevent damage to the brain system.
4. Stimulate brain growth
The brain starts to shrink as the age reaches 30-40 years. But researchers believe
that one can increase brain size by studying diligently. Try learning new things,
extending friendships as stimulation, reading books, browsing the internet or
buying games that stimulate the brain.
5. Reduce sweet foods
Sugary foods not only cause weight problems. A lot of sweet eating can also
pioneer brain damage. Suzanne de La Monte, MD, MPH, a neuropathologist from
Brown University with the team conducted the study. He showed that consuming
too much sugar can cause insulin resistance that worsens brain condition.
6. Cook your own food at home
By cooking our own food, we can make sure the ingredients used are the best and
healthier than buying the food outside.
7. Keep dental hygiene
Unclean teeth and gums can poison the brain and tend to make memory lower.
Therefore diligent brushing and flossing can help keep teeth and sharpen memory.
8. Recognize the early signs of Alzheimer's
The early signs of Alzheimer's can be small errors such as misjudging distance
when walking, confused while reading the map, the sense of smell began to
disappear, asking the same questions over and over and forgetting to keep things
in a strange place. If this is already in you, immediately consult an expert doctor.
9. Brain Therapy Alzheimer's Treatment
Some of the ways mentioned above are external-scaled efforts that you can do to
prevent and treat Alzheimer's. You need an internal support of the mind to make it
more effective. The internal method of mind that you can use is the Alzheimer's
Brain Therapy Treatment.
Brain Therapy Alzheimer's Treatment is a meode that utilizes brain gelombnag as
its medium. These brain waves have been tested and proven in overcoming and
correcting the mind. Hypnotherapy Alzheimer's Treatment works by emitting a
wave that has a special frequency to your brain, with the aim of stimulating the
brain so that the cells in the brain can work again and make you able to prevent
and overcome Alzheimer's.
Use of Alzheimer's Brain Therapy Treatment is also very easy because we packed
in the form of Audio CD. So you just simply listening to the Audio CD on a
regular basis every day, can be heard by doing activities but it would be better if
in a state of calm and relaxed to increase its success.