Index
Accounting, plant construction costs, 48
Cost accumulation, 49
Affinity laws, 201,202, 203
Air Inleakage, vacuum systems, see
vacuum systems
Air pressure drop, table, 106
Chart, 114
Orifice flow, 107
Air, absolute viscosity, 132
Low absolute pressure calculations, 129
Low pressure system, 129
American Petroleum Institute, 399
American Society of Mechanical
Engineers, 399
API Codes, 399
API oil field separators, 239
API, heat absorbed from fire, 451-453
Babcock steam formula, 103, 107, 108
Back pressure, 404
Effect of, 407, 408
Baffles, tank mixing, 311
Diagrams, 330
Bag filters/separators, 270
Bag materials, 274
Cleaning, 272, 273
Heavy dust loads, 271
Specifications, 271
Temperature range, 271
Bins, silos, hoppers venting, 516
Blast pressure, 496
Blowdown, 404
Boiling liquid expanding vapor
explosion, 504
Brake horsepower, centrifugal pumps, 200
Driver horsepower, 201
Burst pressure, 405, 456
Cartridge filters, 274-278
"Capture mechanism," 279
Edge filter, 278
Filter media, table, 278
Micron ratings, 277
Reusable elements, 281
Sintered metal, 280
Types, 276, 277, 279
Wound vs. pleated, 276, 277
Centrifugal pumps, operating
characteristics, 177-180
Calculations, see hydraulic performance
Capacity, 180
Hydraulic characteristics, 180
Performance curves, 180-182
Centrifugal separator, 256, 257
Combination, 257
Chilled water refrigeration, steam jets, 349
Coalescer, 258
Codes, 399
Compressible fluids, 101,102-112
Calculation, 112
Pressure drop, chart, 102, 103, 111
Computer aided drafting, 17
Condensate, flashing flow, 135-142, 147
Charts, 142, 143
Control valve pressure drop, 90
Calculations, 90-96
Cost estimates, plant, 45-49
Accounting, 48
Chemical Engineering Plant Cost Index, 47
Cost accumulation, diagram, 49
Equipment, 45
Marshall and Swift Equipment Cost
Index, 47
Nelson Index, 47
Plant, 45,
Six-tenths factor, 47
Yearly cost indices, 47
Critical flow, safety-relief, 438
Back pressure, 440
Sonic flow, 438
Critical flow, see Sonic
Cyclone separators, 259-269
Design, 260-265
Efficiency chart, 263
Hydroclones, 265-267
Pressure drop, 263, 264
Scrubber, 269
Webre design, 265
Deflagration venting nomographs,
509-512
Design
Factor of safety, flow, 56
Design operating pressures, 33, 34
Guide, 36
Maximum operating pressure, 33
Diaphragm metering pump, 214
DIERS, final reports, 523
Discharge coefficients, liquid flow, Cv,
chart, 118
Dowtherm (R) pressure drop, charts, 94, 113
Draft tubes, mixing, 309, 313
Dust clouds, 517
Dust explosions, 513
Calculations, 513
Dust separator, applications, 278
Characteristics, 234
Table, 232
Dust venting nomographs, 514-520
Calculations, 513-517
Dust, mist calculations, 226-236
Brownian movement, 226, 236
Drag coefficients, chart, 235
Intermediate law, 226
Newton's law, 226, 228
626
Stokes' law, 226, 230
Stokes-Cunningham law, 226, 230
Dust, mist, particle collector performance
chart, 229
Dusts, particle sizes, 225
Dusts, hazard class, 521-523
Explosion characteristics, 524
Efficiency, centrifugal pumps, 200
Ejector control, 380
Ejector systems, 343, 344, 351
Air inleakage, table, 366, 367
Applications, 345
Calculations, 359-366
Chilled water refrigeration, 350
Comparison guide, 357, 375
Evacuation time, 380, 381
Charts, 382
Example, 381
Features, 345
Installation arrangements, 351
Pump-down time, 380
Selection procedure, 374
Specification form, 377
Specifications, 373
Steam jet comparison, 356
Types of loads, 359
Ejectors, 346
Applications, 353
Barometric condenser, 249, 376
Booster, 370
Calculations
Actual air capacity, 362
Air equivalent, 360
Air/water vapor mixture, chart, 364, 365
Air/water vapor, 359
Capacity at ejector suction, 369
Capacity for process vapor, 362
Evacuation time, 371,380
Load for steam surface condenser, 367
Non-condensables, 362, 363
Size selection, 371
Steam pressure factor, 373
Steam requirements, 372
Steam/air mixture temperature, 361
Total weight saturated mixture, 362
Capacity, 358
Discharge, pressure, 358
Effect of excess steam pressure, 358
Effects of back pressure, 359
Effects of wet steam, 356
Inter-and-after condenser, 351
Load variation, 370
Materials of construction, 347
Molecular weight entrainment, chart, 360
Performance, 358, 370, 375
Relative comparison, 357
 Index 627

Selection procedure, 374 Relief device set pressure, 451 Scale reference, 16
Steam pressure, 353, 358, 376 Unvented gas vessels, 454 Symbols, 19-22
Steam/air mixture temperature, 361 Fittings, see pipe, fittings and valves Types, 4
Surface condenser, 349 Flame arrestors, 480 Utility, 6, 11
Temperature and entrainment, chart, 360 Flame distortion, flares, 532, 533 Fluid flow, 52
Temperature approach, 375 Flammability, 484 Fluids, Newtonian, 52
Thermocompressors, 378 Flammable limits, 485 Non-Newtonian, 52
Types, 346, 347 Flammable liquid, 484 Free air, 461
Vacuum range guide, 348, 354 Auto-ignition temperature, 485 Friction factor, 55-132
Water, 378 Explosive range, 485 Chart, 55
Ejectors, steam/water requirements, 371 Fire point, 485 Fanning, 55
Electrical charge on tanks, 537 Flammability, limits, 485 Friction factor, 68,
Electrical precipatators, 280 Flash point, 484 Low pressure air chart, 132
Applications, 280, 282 Ignition point, 485 Moody, 55
Concept of operation, 281 Lower explosive limits, 485 Relative roughness, pipe, 132
Emergency relief, 450 Spontaneous heating, 485 Friction losses, 181; also see Chapter 2
Engineering, plant development, 46 Upper explosive limits, 485 Friction, head loss, 68
Equipment symbols, 19-21 Flammable mixtures, 486 Compressible fluids, 101
Abbreviations, 25 Aqueous solutions, 496 Factor, 68
Instruments, 21, 26, 29 Calculations, 486, 491 Vacuum lines, 131
Piping, 22 Ignition, 493 Gas constants, R, 378
Valve codes, 26 Pressure effects, 492, 493 Gravity settlers, 228
Equivalent feet (flow), 86 Temperature, effects, 491 Head, 180-200
Estimated design calculation time, Flare stacks, 523 Calculations, 183, 184, 185
37, 39 Height, 530, 531 Discharge, 180, 187
Equipment, 38 Purging, 534 Friction, 183
Job record time accumulation, 40 Sizing, 528-534 Liquid, 183
Process total, 39 Flares, 523, 528 Net positive suction, 188-192
Examples, 83, 86, 92, 94, 99, 100, 104, 107, Knock-out pots, 523 NPSH calculations, 190-194
112, 119, 121,122, 127, 128, 135, 139, Seal tanks, 523, 527 Performance, 197
183, 186, 190, 191,192, 194, 197, 200, Sizing, 528, 529 Pressure, 183
203, 206, 209, 225, 236, 245, 252, 319, Smokeless, 528 Relations to other characteristics, 200
350, 360, 361,362, 363, 367, 371,372, Systems, 523, 527 Static, 183
376, 380, 406, 440, 457, 463, 465, 466, Flash point, flammable liquid, 484 Suction lift, 184
469, 470, 474, 480, 491,501,503, 504, Flashing liquids, pressure drop, 134 Suction, 180, 184
508, 514 Chart, 141, 142 Total, 180
Expansion factor, Y, (flow), 82, 114 Line sizing, 135-146 Velocity, 187
Charts, 116 Flow, 52-82 Heat and Material balances, 8
Explosion calculations, 499-504 Compressible, 52, 54, 101 Heat transfer, mixing, 330, 425-427
Estimating destruction, 501 Expansion factor, Y, 82 Chart, 330
Overpressure, 502 Incompressible, 52 Overall coefficients, 332
Pressure piling, 501,504 Laminar, 77 Vertical plate coil, 331
Relief sizing, 505 Nozzles and orifices, 82, 83 Hindered settling velocities, 231,236
Scaled distance, 502, 503 Vapors and gases, 54 Horsepower, centrifugal pump driver, 201
Schock front velocity, 503 Flow, long natural gas lines, 120 Hydraulic performance, calculations,
TNT equivalent, 499-504 American Gas Association method, 121 180-188
Explosion characteristics of dusts, 515 Complex pipe systems, 122 Centrifugal pumps, 181
Explosion suppression, 518 Low pressure air, steam, 131 Discharge systems, 187
Explosion venting, gases/vapors, 504 Panhandle formula, 120, 121 Example calculation, 186
Bleves, 504 Panhandle-A formula, 121 Flow friction losses, 185, 186
Explosions, 482 Parallel system, 122 Friction losses, pipe, see Chapter 2
Blast pressure, 496 Series system, 122 Friction, 188
Combustion, 482 Transmission factors, 120 Pressure head, 184-186
Confined, 482 Weymouth formula, 120 Static head, 184-186
Damage, 498-501 Flowsheet symbols, 17 Suction head, 184, 185
Deflagration, 482 Equipment abbreviations, 25 Suction lift, 184, 185
Detonation, 483 Instruments, 29 Suction systems, 186
Explosions emergency relief, 450 Flowsheets, 1-11 Hydroclones, 265-267
Explosions, vapor cloud, 520 Block diagram, 4 Application system, 267
Explosive limits, 485 Combined process and piping, 5, 10 Ignition, flammable mixtures, 493
External fires, see fires Instrumentation, 5 Impellers, centrifugal, reducing diameter, 203
Factors of safety, flow, 56 Isometric, 6, 7, 11 Impellers,
Fiber bed/pads impingement separator, Material balance, 12 Affinity laws, 201-203
254, 255 Mechanical, 5, 9 Comparison of types, chart, 177
Fires, emergency relief, 450-454 Pictorial, 15 Enclosed, 171
External, 450, 463 Piping, 5 Inducer, 171
Heat absorbed, 451 Process, 5 Open, 171
628 Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants

Reducing diameter, 203 Mixers, range of operation, 289 Mixing performance, 306
Semi-enclosed, 170 Chart to examine types, 296 Blending, 324
Semi-open, 170 Draft tubes, 309, 313 Emulsions, 324
Impingement separators, 246, 257 Flow patterns, 291 Extraction, 324
Chevron style, 248, 255 Jet, 325, 326 Gas-liquid contacting, 324
Efficiencies, 246 Selection guide, 289 Gas-liquid dispersion, 325
Knitted wire mesh, 246 Mixing applications, 288 Liquid-liquid dispersion, 325, 326
York-vane efficiencies, 248 Blending, 300 Mixing vortex, 311
Inertial centrifugal separators, 266, 268 Gas dispersion, 325 Motionless mixing, see static mixing
Kinetic energy, pump system, 187 Motion, 300 National Fire Protection Association, 399
Lamella plate classifiers, 239 Mixing concepts, fundamentals, 297 Net positive suction head, 160-194
Line sizing work sheet, 107 Actual motor horsepower, 307 Available from system, 160, 188, 189,
Lines in vacuum service, 135-141 Axial flow, 291 190, 208
Line symbols, 17, 23 Baffle diagrams, 318 Boiler feed water pump, 194
Numbering, 23 Baffles, 311 Calculations, 189-191
Lined centrifugal pumps, 171 Calculations, 297 Corrections, 192, 193
Liquid-solid particle, separators, 228 Characteristic curves, 306 Required by pump, 180, 181, 182, 188-190
Baffle type specifications, 248 Draft tubes, 309, 312, 313 Newton's law, chart, 226
Baffle type, 247, 248 Entrainment, 309 NFPA Codes, 398
Centrifugal, 256, 259-261 Flow number, 298 Nomenclature, 154, 221,284, 339, 397, 537
Chevron-vane, 248, 235 Flow patterns, 309-313 Nozzle, flow, 82
Comparison chart, 230 Flow, 298 NPSH (available from system, A), 160
Cyclone, 259 Froude number, 304 NPSH (required by pump, R), 160
Specification form, 268 Heat transfer, 312 Operating pressure, 408
Vane, 259 In baffled tanks, 301 Operational check-list, safety relief, 428
Wire mesh, 246 Performance relationships, mixing Orifice areas, relief valves, 437
York-vane, 248 variables, 306 Sharp edge, 440
Low pressure storage Power consumption of impellers, chart, Orifice, flow, 82, 83, 119
Pressure-vacuum relief, 466 312,313 Air, table, 107
Manhours, calculation, 37-40 Power number, 299 Overpressure, 403
Material of construction, centrifugal Power relationships, 301, 31,6 Causes, 427
pumps, 211 Power, 299 Packing, shaft, 171-172
Pipes, 18, 27, 28 Process results, 316, 323, 324 Lantern gland, 171
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure, Pumping number, 400 Mechanical seals, 171-172
code, 399, 405, 406, 408 Radial flow, 291 Stuffing box, 171
Mechanical seals, 171-177 Reynolds number, 299, 303 Particle sizes, 224, 225
Fundamentals, 172 Scale up, 312-318 Air-borne particles, 227
Inside, 172 Shear rate, 315 Characteristics, 226
Installations, 173 Similarity for scale up, 312, 313 Dispersed, chart, 226
Lubrication, 174 Dynamic, 313 Terminal velocity, 228
Outside, 173 Geometric, 312, 313 Physical properties, water vapor, 378
Seal flush system, 176 Kinematic, 313 Saturated steam, 379
Tandem, 177 Turbulence, 323 Pipe material specifications, 27
Mechanical separations, 224 Mixing heat transfer Pipe sizing, non-Newtonian flow, 133
Mechanical vacuum systems, 342 External jackets, 326-328 Pressure drop, chart, 134
Applications, 352, 353 Helical coils, 312, 326, 327 Slurries, 134--139
Barometric intercondenser, 349 Vertical coils, 326, 327 Vacuum conditions, 128
Evacuation times, 387 Mixing impellers, 290-297 Pipe, fittings and valves, 56-65, 69, 70
Operating range, 355 Anchor, 290-329 Comparison with tubing, 63, 64
Performance curves, 386 Blending, 324, 326 Flanged, 61, 62
Pump down, 380 Characteristic curves, 306 Industry sizes, usual, 59
Surface inter/after condenser, 349 Chart to examine turbine applications, 296 Lined, 59, 60
System diagrams, 383 Efficiency of propellers, 299 Relative roughness, 68
Mists, particle sizes, 225 Flow of propellers, 298, 299 Socket weld, 57
Mixers, jet, 325, 326 Flow patterns, 309-312 Threaded, 57
Mixers, mechanical components, 289 Gas-Liquid contacting, 324, 326 Welded, 65, 66
Baffles, 311 General list impellers, 291 Piping system, 54
Coils, 312 Helical, 290, 329 Plant layout, 45
Draft tubes, 309, 313 Liquid-liquid dispersion, 326 Checklist, 46
Drive and gears, 306, 308 Multiple, 297 Development, 46
Impeller, location, 322 Performance relations, variables, 306 Plant models, 8, 15
Impeller types, 290, 291-295 Propeller, 290 Planning, 8
Materials of construction, 307 Scale up, 312, 314--317, 332 Plot plans, 6, 14
Motor horsepower, actual, 307, 318 Turbines, 290, 291 Pressure drop,
Shaft, 306 Turbulence, 326 Air, table, 106
Specifications, 308, 310 Types performance, 297 Calculations, 64, 67, 71-86, 87-89, 96
Tanks, 320 Mixing of liquids, 288 Compressible fluids, 101, 103, 104

Control valves, 90--96
Dowtherm liquid, friction loss chart, 94
Dowtherm vapor, 113
Equivalent feet concept, 86
Equivalent feet, non-viscous liquids, 89
Fittings, 71
Flashing liquids, 134-146
Flow coefficients, Cv, for valves, 81
Friction loss, 68
Incompressible fluid, 71
Laminar flow, 77, 78, 86
Liquid lines, chart, 92
Long natural gas pipe lines, 120
Non-water liquids, 99
Pipe, 71
Resistance coefficient, K, 71, 72, 73-77,
78-8O
Resistance of fittings, 69, 70
Resistance of valves, 81
Steam, 103
Sudden enlargement/contraction, 70, 80
Total line, 64
Two-phase flow, 124-127
Vacuum lines, 128-134
Velocities, 85, 89, 90
Velocities, chart, 91
Velocity head, 71
Water flow calculations, 96
Water flow, table, 93, 97, 98
Pressure level relationships,
Closing, 411
Conform to Codes, 409, 410
Relieving, 411
Resealing, 411
Rupture disks, 410
Set pressure (relieving), 425, 455
Simmer, 412
Vacuum, 466
Valves, 409
Pressure levels chart, 53
Reference, 56
Pressure piling, explosion, 501
Pressure,
Accumulation, 403
Levels, 409, 410
Operating, 408, 410
Over, 403
Relieving, 411
Pressure-relief terms/definitions, 403
External fires, 450
Relief areas, 437
Pressure-relieving devices, 399, 435-455
Balanced valves, 400, 405, 407, 441
Calculation of relief areas, 436, 440,
441,449
Conventional valves, 400, 402, 407, 438
External fires, 450, 453
General Code requirements, 412, 415,
420--425
Installation, 429-434
Materials of construction, valves, 402,
404, 405
Pilot operated valves, 400, 406, 407
Rupture disks, 401,418, 451,455
Selection/application, 427, 434
Sizing, 436-441,449, 434, 453
Special, 401
Index
Steam service, 426
Type, 400
Valves, parts, 412
Pressure-vacuum relief, 466
Calculations, 469
Emergency venting, 476-479
Equipment (valves), 468, 478, 480
Fire exposure, 479
Free air, 469, 474
Specification work sheet, 481
Thermal outbreathing, 468, 469
Vacuum inbreathing, 468, 469, 475
Process check list, 35
Process design organization, 1, 2
Calculations, 37-39
Costs, 43
Manhours, 40-43
Scope, 2
Process engineer, role, 3
Activity analysis, 36
Estimated design manhours, 37
Time planning, 36
Process planning, scheduling, flow sheet
design, 1
Process results, mixing, 316, 323, 324
Process safety, 399
Properties of gases/vapors, 439
Pumping of liquids, 160
Pumps centrifugal, 161-164
ANSI Standards, 161
Bearings, 168
Boiler feed water high pressure, 167
Brake horsepower, 200
Capacity-head ranges, 165
Casing, 165
Double suction, 166, 167
Efficiency, 200
High speed, 169
Illustrations, 161, 164
Impellers, 164, 170
In parallel, 177, 178
In series, 176, 178
Liquid horsepower, 200
Materials of construction, 211
Mixed flow, 169
Multistage, 167
Operating curves, 180
Packing, shaft, 170
Performance curves, 180, 181,182, 197
Rotative speed, 197
Seals, shaft, 168
Selection guide, 178, 179
Single stage, 164
Single stage, single impeller, 174
Specifications, 209
Stuffing box, packing, 171
System performance, 197, 198
Temperature rise, 207, 208, 209
Turbine, 169
Turbine type performance, 178
Vertical in-line, 165, 175
Vertical multistage, 168
Vertical propeller, 169
Viscosity correction, 203-207
Pumps classes, 161
Basic parts, centrifugal, 164
Design standardization, 161
629
Lined, 171
Turbine type, 169
Pumps, centrifugal system performance, 197
Affinity laws, 201-203
Branch piping, 200
Calculations, 199
Effects of performance changes, 201-203
Head curve for single pump, 198
Relations between head, horsepower,
capacity and speed, 200
Temperature rise 207-209
Viscosity corrections, 203-207
Purging, flare stack systems, 535
Reciprocating pumps, 215-219
Flow patterns, 219
Specification form, 219
Relief areas, 437
External fires, 451,453
Sizing, 434, 436
Relief sizing, explosions gases/vapors, 505
Deflagration venting, 506, 507
High strength venting, 508
Low strength venting, 508
NFPA Code, 506
Venting (deflagration) nomographs, API,
509-512
Venting, dusts, (deflagration),
nomograph, API, 514--520
Relief valves, 400
Code requirements, 415, 420
Installation, 422, 429-434
Safety-relief, 400
Relieving pressure, 411-417
Resistance coefficient, K, (flow), 71, 72
Flow coefficient, Cv, 81, 83
Pipe sizing, 83, 84, 86
Sudden contraction, 80
Sudden enlargement, 80
Tables/charts, 73-76, 77, 78-80
Valves, 81
Resistance, equivalent feet, design, 86-89
Chart, 87, 88
Reynolds number, 55, 67
Calculations, 68
Chart, 110
Rotary pumps, 206
Selection, 214
Type, 213
Roughness, relative, 68
Chart, 68
Runaway reactions, 405
Runaway reactions, DIERS, 521-523
Rupture, disk, 401,418, 435, 455
Burst pressure, 456
Calculations, non-explosive, 455, 459
Code pressure levels, 410
Effects of temperature, 458
Graphite, 418-420, 424
Installation, 422, 423
Liquids, 462
Low pressure, 418, 421
Manufacturing range, 434, 456
Metal, 411
Non-fire, 465
Quick opening, 414, 415
Reverse buckling, 413
Selection features, 434
630 Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants

Sizing, 451,453, 455, 459, 462 Steam pressure drop, 103 Operating chart, 385
Sonic flow, 461 Chart, 109 Operating range, 386
Types, illustrations, 411-421 Stokes law, chart, 226 Performance curve, 386
Rupture disk, liquids, 462, 466 Sump design, vertical pumps, 212 Rotary displacement pump, 397
Rupture disk/pressure-relief valves Sylvan chart, 224, 229 Rotary lobe blowers, 390, 392, 394
combination, 463 Tanks, above ground, API std., 468 Rotary lobe performance curves,
Safety relief valve, 400 Refrigerated tanks, 478 395, 396
See Relief valve Storage, 469 Rotary vane performance chart, 389
Safety valve, 400, 434 Temperature rise, centrifugal pump, 20%209 Rotary vane, 388, 394
Safety, vacuum, 343 Terminal particle velocity, 228, 230 Screw-type lobe, mechanical seal,
Scale-up, mixing, 312, 314-316 Particles, different densities, 238 382, 392
Design procedure, 316-318 Single spheres, 274 Screw-type rotary lobe blower, 390--391
Schedules/summaries Solids in air, 237 Vacuum relief, 435
Equipment, 30, 31 Solids in water, 237 Pressure/vacuum, 435, 466
Lines, 23, 24 Test pressure, piping, 18 Vacuum systems, 343
Screen particle size, 225 Thickeners and settlers/decanters, Absolute pressure conversions, 363
Scrubber, spray, 269, 270 Decanter, 242 Air inleakage, 366
Impingement, 269, 272 Gravity decanter, illustration, 243, 244 Calculations, 366--375
Separator applications, liquid particles, 235 Happel/Jordan method, 241 Dissolved gases release, 368
Liquid particles, 235 Horizontal gravity, 239 Estimated air inleakage, table, 366
Separator selection, 224, 225 Lamella classifiers, 239 Evacuation time, 371
Comparison chart, 230 Settler vessel, illustration, 240 Maximum air leakage, chart, 367
Efficiency, 231 Time planning and scheduling, process Specific air inleakage rates, 368
Size ranges, solid-solid and solid- design, 36 Temperature approach, 375
liquid, 267 Total head, centrifugal pumps, 180, 183 Classifications, 343
Separator, wall wiper, 265 Discharge, 205 Diagrams, 380
Physical arrangements, 265 Head curve, 198 Pressure drop, 353
Set pressures, safety relief valves, 425 Suction head, 184, 186 Pressure levels, 343, 352
Simmer pressure, 412 Suction lift, 184, 186 Pressure terminology, 348
Sizes, air-borne solids, 227 Type, 184 Pump down example, 381
Dispersed, 226 Tubing, 63, 64 Pump down time, 380
Sizing, safety relief, 436, 437-441 Two-phase flow, 124 Thermal efficiency, 384
API liquid valve, 444 Calculations, 125-127 Valve codes, 26
Balanced valves, 441 Flow patterns, chart, 124 Valves, see pipe, fittings, and valves
Conventional valves, 438 System pressure drop, 125 Vapor cloud explosions, 520
Critical back pressure, 440 Types of flow, 124, 125 Velocities, fluid flow, 85, 89, 90
Effects of two-phase flow, 437 Utilities check list, process design, 34 Vacuum lines, 133
Hydraulic expansion, 441 Vacuum, Velocity head, 71
Rupture disks, 434 Absolute, 53 Venting (deflagration) nomographs, API
Sub-critical flow, 449 Air systems, 129 508-511
Slurry flow, process pipe, 142-147 Flow calculation methods, 129 Venting dust deflagration
Regimes, 143 Gage (gauge), 53 nomographs, API, 514--520
Sonic flow, safety relief, 438 Line sizing, 128 Venting dusts, 521
Rupture disk, 460, 461 Pressure drop, 128 Venting, low pressure storage, 466
Sub-sonic flow, 461 Vacuum capacities and operating ranges, Calculations, 469-479
Sonic or critical flow, 115, 125 table, 344, 355 Work sheet, 481
Calculations, 125 Ejectors, 344, 357 Vessels,
Velocity, 126 Integrated systems, 344 External fires, 450
Specific speed, 194-197 Liquid ring pumps, 344 Unwetted gas only vess. ls, fire, 454
Impeller designs, 194 Rotary lobe blowers, 344 Viscosity correction, centrifugal pumps,
Upper limits, chart, 195-197 Rotary piston pumps, 344 203-207
Specifications, Rotary vane pumps, 344 Chart, 204, 205, 207
Rupture disk, 455 Vacuum equipment, 343 Vortex, 190
Safety relief valves, 454, 467, 481 Applications diagram, 352 Water hammer, 98
Specifications, centrifugal pumps, 209 ASME Code, 344 Wire mesh separators, 246, 247
Spray nozzle particle size, 225 Pumps, 382 Calculations, 247-254
Standards and Codes, 31, 32, 33 Steam jets, 357 Efficiency, 248, 250
Static electricity, 536 Vacuum flow, Installation, 251-253
Static mixing, 332 Friction losses, air steam, 131 k-value for mesh, table, 249
Applications, 336 Pressure losses chart, 134 Mesh patterns, 247
Calculations, 337, 338 Vacuum pumps, mechanical, 382 Pressure drop, 249, 251
Materials of construction, 337 Liquid ring pumps, 383-385 Specifications form, 254
Principles of operation, 335 Liquid ring volume displaced/ Vapor velocity, 247, 250
Type of equipment 334-338 evacuation, 387 Wire mesh types, 248