Names: __________________________ CHE112P WS1

Sec: _____ Extent of reaction, atomic balance

Solve the problems using

A. Extent of reaction method

B. Atomic balance method

1. In the Deacon process for the manufacture of Chlorine, HCl and O2 react to form
Cl2 and H2O. Sufficient oxygen is fed to provide 25 % excess oxygen, and the
conversion of HCl is 70 %.
Calculate the mole fractions of the product stream components using
a) Extent of reaction method
25 % excess O2

HCl Reactor
Cl2
H2O
HCl
O2

HCl + ¼ O2 ½ Cl2 + ½ H2O

Basis: 100moles of HCl feed

1/4
O2 supplied = 100( )(1.25) = 31.25 mol
1

n Cl2 = 0 + ½ 
 n H2O = 0 + ½ 
 n HCl = 100 - 
 n O2 = 31.25 – ¼ 

n HCl = 0.3(100) = 100 - 
70
Or

𝑥 100 = ( / Available LR ) x 100

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝑅
% conversion =
𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐿𝑅

70 = (100) x 100
= 70
n Cl2 = 0 + ½ (70) = 35
n H2O = 0 + ½ (70) = 35
  n O2 = 31.25 – ¼ (70) = 13.75

mol nf

HCl 30.00 0.264

Cl2 35.00 0.308

H2O 35.00 0.308

O2 13.75 0.121

113.75 1.000

b) Atomic balance method

25 % excess O2
31.25

HCl Reactor
Cl2
H2O
100 HCl = 30
O2

Cl balance:
100(1) = n Cl2 (2) + 30 (1)
n Cl2 = 35
H balance:
100(1) = n H2O (2) + 30 (1)
n H2O = 35
O balance:
31.25(2) = (35) + n O2 (2)
n O2 = 13.75

2. In the anaerobic fermentation of grain, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae digests

glucose from plants to form the products ethanol and propenoic acid by the
following overall reactions:

Reaction 1: C6H12O6 (aq) → 2C2H5OH (aq)+ 2CO2 (g)

Reaction 2: C6H12O6 (aq) → 2C2H3CO2H (aq) + 2H2O (l)

In an open flow reactor 3500 kg of a 12% glucose-water solution flow in. During
fermentation, 120 kg of carbon dioxide gas are produced together with 90 kg of
unreacted glucose. What are the weight percent of ethyl alcohol and propenoic
acid that exit in the broth?
 CO2 = 120 kg
3500 kg
Broth
12 % C6H12O6 Reactor C2H5OH
H2O C2H3CO2H
H2O
C6H12O6 = 90 kg
Basis: 3500 kg of feed
In feed
1
n C6H12O6 I = 0.12(3500)( ) = 2.33 kmol
180
1
n H2O i = 0.88(3500) ( ) = 171.11 kmol
18

A. Extent of reaction method

Reaction 1: C6H12O6 (aq) → 2C2H5OH (aq)+ 2CO2 (g)

Reaction 2: C6H12O6 (aq) → 2C2H3CO2H (aq) + 2H2O (l)

n C2H5OH = 0 + 2
n C2H3CO2H = 0 + 2
n H2O = 171.11 + 2
1
n C6H12O6 = 90 ( )= 2.33 -
180
 

) = 0 + 2
1
n CO2 = 120(
44
= 1.36

n C2H5OH = 0 + 2(1.36) 2.72

n C6H12O6 = 90 (
1
180
)= 2.33 -  
   = 0.47
n C2H5OH = 0 + 2= 0.94
n H2O = 171.11 + 2 = 171.11 + 2(0.47) = 172.05

kmol weight / kg % wt

C2H5OH 2.72 125.12 3.70

C2H3CO2H 0.94 67.68 2.00

H2O 172.05 3,096.90 91.63

C6H12O6 90.00 2.66

3,379.700 100.00

B. atomic balance

CO2 = 120 kg (2.73 kmol)

3500 kg
Broth
12 % C6H12O6 (2.33 kmol) Reactor C2H5OH = x kmol
H2O (171.11 kmol) C2H3CO2H = y kmol
H2O = z kmol
C6H12O6 = 90 kg (0.5 kmol)

C balance

2.33 (6) = x (2) + y(3) + 0.5(6) + 2.73

H balance

2.33(12) + 171.11 (2) = x(6) + y(4) + z (2) + 0.5 (12)

O balance

2.33(6) + 171.11(1) = x (1) + y (2) + z(1) + 0.5(6) + 2.73 (2)

x = 2.73

y = 0.93

z = 172.04