I.

DESIGN DATA
Tank Description : Activated Carbon Tank
Tank Type : Cylindrical, Vertical, Dished Top, Flat Bottom
Tank Dimensions (mm) : Diameter: 1,200 Height: 2,100 Dish Ht: 200
Gross Capacity (m3) : 2.68
Content : Air + Carbon
Specific Gravity, SG : 1 (Water)
Design Pressure : Full Column hydrostatic pressure
Operating Pressure : Atmospheric + 435 mm H2O
Design Temperature : 60oC
Operating Temperature : Ambient
Design Code : BSEN 13121-2:2003 / BSEN 13121-3:2016 / BS4994:1987
Material of Construction : GRVE (Glass Reinforced Vinyl Ester)
Method of Fabrication : Hand lay (Dish Top, Bottom & vertical shell internal)
Filament winding (Vertical shell reinforcement layer)
Design Life (Cyclic Loading) : 100,000 cycles in 25 years

II. RAW MATERIALS

Resin : Vinyl Ester
Protective Layer : Surface Veil
Reinforcement Layer : CSM - Chopped Strand Mat 450g/m2
WR - Woven Rovings 800g/m2 (for Dished Top and Conical Bottom)
2
FW - Filament Winding 1100g/m (for Shell)

III. Assumed Thickness (FRP)

Dish Top : ~ 5mm ( 4 CSM + 1 WR + 0 FW)
Shell : ~ 5mm ( 2 CSM + 0 WR + 3 FW)
Flat Bottom : ~ 5mm ( 4 CSM + 1 WR + 0 FW)

IV. DESIGN STRENGTHS

Unit Tensile Modulus, Xi (N/mm per
UTUS (N/mm per kg/m2 glass)
kg/m2 glass)
CSM : 200 14000
WR (Warp) : 250 16000
WR (Weft) : 250 16000
FW 500 28000

Overall Design Factor, K = 3 x k1 x k2 x k3 x k4 x k5

= 13.28

k1 : Method of manufacture 1.50

k2 : Long term behavior 1.20
k3 : Temperature 1.00
k4 : Cyclic Loading 1.64
k5 : Curing Procedure 1.50

Limit Design Strains, εLIM = 0.20%

Ui,dCSM = 15.06 N/mm Ui,ECSM = 28.00 N/mm

Ui,dWR = 18.82 N/mm Ui,EWR(warp) = 32.00 N/mm
Ui,dFW = 37.64 N/mm Ui,EFW = 56.00 N/mm

Design Unit Loading

Since Ui,CSM is > Ui,ECSM,

ε = U x 100%
X
εCSM = 0.108% (Least value, governs)
εWR = 0.118%
εFW = 0.134%

Uz,dCSM = 15.06 N/mm

Uz,dWR = 17.21 N/mm
UzCIRC,dFW = 9.68 N/mm
UzLONG,dFW 2.37 N/mm
V. DESIGN ANALYSIS

A. Shell
Circumferential Loadings

PSop = Maximum Internal pressure

2
= 0.00 N/mm

Php = ρgh Hydrostatic pressure

2
= 0.021 N/mm

Pd = Psop + Php Design Pressure, due to strain

2
= 0.021 N/mm

nϕ,d,R = Pd,R x D
Maximum Circumferential unit load, Ring
2
= 12.36 N/mm

Check:
Ulam = U1m1n1 + U2m2n2 + U3m3n3 + . . . . + Unmnnn

2 CSM + 0 WR + 3 FW Ulam = 45.49 OK!

Combined Axial Loading

a. Pressure

nx,p,d,R = Pd,R x D
Maximum Axial unit load, Ring
4
= 6.18 N/mm

b. Flexural moment due to Wind Load

Maximum Wind Velocity, V = 30 m/s

Design Wind Force, Fw = Cs x Cd x Cf x qp(Ze) x Aref (EN 1991-1-4:2005)

Fw,dome = 401.76 N
Fw,shell = 3,515.40 N

Where
CsCd = structural factor 1.0
Cf = force coefficient for the structure 0.8
qp(Ze) = peak velocity pressure at reference height
3.10 x 1/2 p Vb2 = 1,743.75
Aref = reference area of the structure
Aref,dome = 1.20 m x 0.24 m = 0.29
Aref,shell = 1.20 m x 2.1 m = 2.52

Max Moment above Support = Fw x H/2

= 4,583,077.20 Nmm

nx,M,d,R = 4Md,R
πD2
= 4.05 N/mm

c. Weight of tank and attachments

Part of Tank Area(m2) Thickness Volume Density Weight
Top 1.44 0.005 0.01 1500 11
Shell1 7.92 0.005 0.04 1500 59
Cone Base 1.13 0.005 0.01 1500 8
Accessories (50% of tank empty weight) 39
kg + 2
Base Structure - Metal Plate 146.49
channels 71.544 218
Empty Tank Total Weight (approx) 336
Weight Content = 1.0 x 0.435m H2O x 9.81 x 1000 4,267
Operational Tank Total Weight (approx) 4,603

nx,W,d,R = Wd,R
πD
nx,W,d,R(Empty) = 0.87 N/mm
nx,W,d,R(Oper) = 11.98 N/mm
d. Combined

nx,d,R = Pd,R x D 4Md,R Wd,R

4
+ πD2
- πD
*Note: pd,R = 0, for empty tank.

nx,d,R(empty) = 3.18 N/mm

nx,d,R(oper) = 1.75 N/mm

Check:
Ulam = U1m1n1 + U2m2n2 + U3m3n3 + . . . . + Unmnnn

2 CSM + 0 WR + 3 FW Ulam = 21.36 OK!

B. Dish Top

Maintenance Load, Pm = 114 kg over 400x400mm area

= 0.0070 N/mm2

nD,d,R = 0.66p mDiKd Kd = 2.00

= 11.07 N/mm

Check:
Ulam = U1m1n1 + U2m2n2 + U3m3n3 + . . . . + Unmnnn

4 CSM + 1 WR + 0 FW Ulam = 40.87 OK!

C. Flat Base
Fully supported flat bottom.

Thickness of the bottom away from the junction between end and
cylindrical shell is not critical (Clause 18.5.2)

Use minimum thickness for tanks of 5mm (4CSM + 1WR). OK!

D. Nozzle Compensation

Nozzle # of CSM
Depth p Uc dc AL dr AC Remarks
Size plies comp
50 2100 0.0206 12.36 62 766.36 150 3 1788.62 OK!
100 2100 0.0206 12.36 112 1384.39 200 3 1788.62 OK!
200 2100 0.0206 12.36 212 2620.45 400 3 3821.14 OK!
600 2100 0.0206 12.36 612 7564.69 1500 3 18048.78 OK!

AL = dc x Uc Uc = pDi / 2
(Load capacity lost due to nozzle hole, in N) dc = Inside diameter of nozzle + 2 x 6mm
Ac = (dr – dc) x U OVL dr = diameter of compensation,
(effective load capacity of compensation, in N) 2 to 3 times nozzle size
Uovl = Ucsm x mass of CSM x no of plies
Should Satisfy Ac > AL