PANDUAN PENYEDIAAN HASIL PEMBELAJARAN

PROGRAM IJAZAH SARJANA MUDA PERGURUAN

INSTITUT PENDIDIKAN GURU, KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA
Berasaskan Domain Hasil Pembelajaran
Kerangka Kelayakan Malaysia (MQF)

Senarai Kata Kerja Hasil Pembelajaran

List of Measurable Verbs Used to Assess Learning Outcomes

Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives (1956): Cognitive Skills
A group of educators, led by Benjamin Bloom, identified a hierarchy of six categories of cognitive skills: knowledge,
comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation. As students learn, they start with the knowledge level
and progress through the hierarchy. Thus, advanced courses should include skills at a higher level than introductory or
basic skills courses. Below you will find a web-resource as well as a list of measurable verbs to assist you in writing
course objectives and assess learning outcomes.

Objective-Builder Resource: http://radiojames.com/ObjectivesBuilder/

Knowledge Level: The successful student will recognize or recall learned information.
list - senaraikan record - rekodkan underline – garis bawahkan
state - nyatakan define - jelaskan arrange - susunkan
name - namakan relate - kaitkan describe - gambarkan
tell - terangkan recall - ingat kembali memorize - ingatkan
recall – ingat kembali repeat - ulangkan recognize - iktiraf
label - labelkan select – piih reproduce – hasilkan semula / kembangkan

Comprehension Level: The successful student will restate or interpret information in their own words.
explain - Terangkan describe - gambarkan report - Laporkan
translate - Terjemahkan express - Jelaskan summarize - Rumuskan
identify – Kenal pasti classify - kelaskan discuss - bincangkan
restate – Nyatakan semula locate - Tempatkan compare - Bandingkan
discuss - bincangkan review - Semak illustrate – Lakarkan / Gambarkan
tell - Terangkan critique - Ulaskan estimate - Anggarkan
reference - Rujukan interpret - Interpretasikan reiterate - Ulangkan

Application Level: The successful student will use or apply the learned information.
apply - Aplikasikan sketch - Lakarkan perform - Laksanakan
use - Gunakan solve - Selesaikan respond – Maklum balas
role-play – Mainkan
practice - Latihan construct - Binakan
peranan
demonstrate – Tunjuk cara conduct - Jalankan execute - Lakukan
complete - Lengkapkan dramatize - Lakonkan employ - Gunakan

Analysis Level: The successful student will examine the learned information critically.
analyze - Analisis inspect - Siasat test - Ujikan
distinguish - Bezakan categorize - Kategorikan critique - Ulaskan
differentiate - Bezakan catalogue - Katalogkan diagnose - diagnoskan
appraise - Nilaikan quantify - Kirakan extrapolate - Tentukan
calculate - Hitungkan measure - Ukurkan theorize - Teori
experiment - Rasai relate - Kaitkan debate - Bahaskan

Synthesis Level: The successful student will create new models using the learned information.
develop - Bangunkan revise - Semak compose - Gubah
plan - Rancangkan formulate - Rumuskan collect - Kumpulkan
build - Binakan propose - Cadangkan construct - Binakan
create - Ciptakan establish - Wujudkan prepare – Rancangkan
design – Reka bentukkan integrate - Intergrasikan devise - Rangkakan
organize - Anjurkan modify - Ubahsuai manage - Uruskan

Evaluation Level: The successful student will assess or judge the value of learned information.
review - kaji appraise – hargai choose - Pilih
justify – beri hujah argue - Hujahkan conclude - Rumuskan
assess – beri penilaian rate - kadarkan compare - Bandingkan

1
defend – pertahankan score - Capai evaluate - Nilaikan
report on - L:aporkan select - Pilih interpret - Tafsirkan
investigate measure support

The Knowledge The Cognitive Process Dimension

Dimension Remember Understand Apply Analyze Evaluate Create
Factual Knowledge List Summarize Classify Order Rank Combine
Conceptual Knowledge Describe Interpret Experiment Explain Assess Plan
Procedural Knowledge Tabulate Predict Calculate Differentiate Conclude Compose
Meta-Cognitive
Appropriate Use Execute Construct Achieve Action Actualize
Knowledge

Remember (Knowledge)
Remember
Retrieve relevant knowledge from long-term memory.

Recognizing
Recognize the dates of important events in US history.

Recalling
Recall the dates of important events in US history.

Understand
Understand
Construct meaning from instructional messages, including oral, written,and graphic communication.

Interpreting
Paraphrase important speeches and documents

Exemplifying
Give examples of various artistic painting styles

Classifying
Classify observed or described cases of mental disorders)

Summarizing
Write a short summary of the events portrayed on videotapes)

Inferring
In learning a foreign language, infer grammatical principles from examples)

Comparing
Compare historical events to contemporary situations)

Explaining

2
Explain the causes of important eighteenth-century events in France

Apply
Apply
Carry out or use a procedure in a given situation

Executing
Divide one whole number by another whole number, both with multiple digits.

Implementing
Determine in which situations Newton's second law is appropriate.

Analyze
Analyze
Break material into constituent parts and determine how parts relate to one another and to an overall structure
or purpose.

Differentiating
Distinguish between relevant and irrelevant numbers in a mathematical word problem)

Organizing
Structure evidence in a historical description into evidence for or against a particular historical explanation

Attributing
Determine the point of view of the author of an essay in terms of his or her political perspective

Evaluate
Evaluate
Make judgements based on criteria and standards.

Checking
Determine whether a scientists' conclusions follow from observed data

Critiquing
Judge which of two methods is the best way to solve a given problem.

Create
Create
Put elements together to form a coherent or functional whole; reorganize elements into a new pattern or
structure.

Generating
Generate hypotheses to acount for an observed phenomenon

Planning
Plan a research paper on a given historical topic

Producing
Build habitats for certain species for certain purposes