Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Protec,on
Systems
Corrosion
Protec,on
for
Sulfuric
Acid
Tanks
Hugo
Chagas
hugo.chagas@clark-‐koch.com
Date:
11/11/13
SUMARY
The
Challenge
is
to
iden,fy
and
apply
the
op,mal
Corrosion
Control
Method
for
each
specific
case.
Virmani,
Paul,
Corrosions
Costs
and
Preven,ve
Strategies
in
the
US
2002
SUMARY
Understanding
how
these
Physical
Proper,es
impacts
on
Corrosion
Rates
will
help
to
understand
how
Anodic
Protec,on
works
Sulfuric
Acid
Corrosion
Temperature
&
Concentra,on
–
At
which
condi,on
Corrosion
Rate
increases?
Extracted
from:
NACE
SP0294-‐2006
Design,
Fabrica:on,
and
Inspec:on
of
Storage
Tank
Systems
for
Concentrated
Fresh
and
Process
Sulfuric
Acid
and
Oleum
at
Ambient
Temperature
Originally:
Mars
G.
Fontana
and
Norbert
D.
Greene,
Corrosion
Engineering
(New
York,
NY:
McGraw-‐Hill,
1986),
p.
319
If
no
other
proper,es
vary,
Carbon
Steel
Corrosion
will
increase
with
temperature
increase.
Sulfuric
Acid
Corrosion
Diffusion
Velocity
During
the
Corrosion
Reac,on
a
sol
film
of
FESO4
is
formed
on
the
surface
and
works
as
a
physical
barrier
for
the
diffusion
of
the
reactants
(H+;
SO42-‐)
Corrosion
Reac:on
H2SO4
+
Fe
à
FESO4
+
H2
Sol
Film
of
FeSO4
is
formed
on
the
Diffusion
Barrier
metal
surface.
FESO4
Film
is
a
protec,on
and
can
be
really
effec,ve
for
Storage
Tanks
since
the
types
of
Erosion-‐Corrosion
Effects
are
not
related
to
the
main
func,on
of
the
equipment
and
thus
can
be
avoided.
Principles
of
Anodic
Protec,on
–
Main
Concepts
How
does
Anodic
Protec,on
Works?
Ø Anodic
Protec,on
is
a
Method
to
achieve
an
electrochemical
barrier
between
the
corrosive
electrolyte
and
metal
base
by
forming
an
oxides
thin
layer.
Ø Passivity
is
aoributed
to
the
forma,on
of
a
protec,ve
Layer,
at
the
metal-‐
electrolyte
interface.
This
“Passive”
Layer
Prevents
the
contact
between
the
metal
and
the
electrolyte
reducing
corrosion
rate
at
a
minimum
value.
Ø Metal
Tendency
to
be
passivated
can
be
measure
and
this
measures
provides
an
representa,on
of
the
electrochemical
corrosion
characteris,cs.
Measurements
can
be
represented
by
a
Anodic
polariza,on
curve
Zones
Comments
Poten,al
Increasing
• Provides
direct
• Responsible
current
for
by
sensing
the
System
the
Poten,al
between
the
solu,on
and
•
(+)
dc
the
tank
connected
to
sidewall
the
tank
sidewall
Ø Poten,al
of
the
Tank
wall
must
be
measure
and
controlled
Ø Reference
Electrode
gives
a
comparison
of
tank
wall
poten,al.
Ø It
senses
the
solu,on
poten,al
with
an
minimum
error.
Ø For
Acid
Tanks
most
common
material
used
is
Pla,num/Pla,num
(Inert
Metal).
Equipment
for
Anodic
Protec,on
Coupons
Ø Coupons
are
used
for
visual
verifica,on
of
the
Anodic
Protec,on
Effec,veness.
Ø While
one
metal
sample
(same
material
of
the
tank)
is
connected
to
the
tank
sidewall,
and
the
other
one
not.
Ø Result
it
is
possible
to
compare
the
corrosion
rate
between
them.
Equipment
for
Anodic
Protec,on
Posi,ve
Tank
Connec,on
Ø Detail
of
the
Posi,ve
side
connected
to
the
tank
sidewall.
Equipment
for
Anodic
Protec,on
Rec,fer
Panel
Rec,fier Panel
Power
Panel
Control
Monitoring
Distribu,on
Condi,oning
Inner
Transformers
TPCC
Alarms
Temperature
Control
LCD
Displays
Equipment
for
Anodic
Protec,on
Rec,fer
Panel
Poten,al
Controller
Ø It
is
proven
that
precision
of
the
control
poten,al
in
field
instruments
need
not
to
be
as
high
as
that
of
laboratory
poten,ostat.
Sa,sfactory
Control
were
achieved
if
the
poten,al
were
maintained
within
+
5mV.
Ø This
Permits
the
use
of
on-‐off
controls
Ø The
other
possibility
is
Propor,onal
Control
Ø In
the
past
most
of
the
applica,ons
in
USA
and
CANADA
used
ON-‐OFF
Control.
Propor,onal
would
be
used
only
for
cri,cal
nature
in
which
the
poten,als
would
instantly
shil
to
corrosive
value
when
the
current
was
off.
Power
Supply
Ø Usually
transforming
AC
Current
on
DC
as
demanded.
Design
Opera,on
and
Maintenance
of
APS
Simplified
Process
Trough
Design
Establish
Ref.
Electrode
and
Size
Power
Supply
Electrochemical
Cathode
Selec,on
Parameter
Contato:
Hugo
Chagas
hugo.chagas@clark-‐koch.com