Gen Protn Philosophy&settings PDF

GENERATOR PROTECTION Combiflex R
ABB India
Utilities - Automation
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATIONOF
OFTRIPPING
TRIPPING
Objective is to trip only the absolutely essential so that
- Damage is minimum
- Overspeeding of the TG due to sudden load throw off is avoided
- Impact of tripping of large set on the grid is minimum’
- Auxiliaries if possible are kept energised and time to restart the unit is
minimum
ABB India
CLASS-A
CLASS-ATRIPPING
TRIPPING
• This is adopted for those electrical faults of Generator and Generator

transformer and unit auxiliary transformer for which tripping can not
be delayed.
• This leads to simultaneous tripping of

- Generator Transformer HV side CB
- Field Circuit Breaker
- LV side incomer breakers of UAT
- Auto changeover from unit to station for unit auxiliaries and
tripping of turbine
ABB India
CLASS-B
CLASS-BTRIPPING
TRIPPING
• This is adopted for all turbine faults (Mechanical) and for some
electrical faults of Generator, Generator transformer and unit auxiliary
transformer for which it is safe to trip the turbine.
• Subsequently the Generator is tripped through low forward power

interlock
• Ensures that unit does not overspeed due to trapped steam in the
turbine during the shutdown and also the loss of power to the grid from
the Generator is not sudden.
ABB India
CLASS-C
CLASS-CTRIPPING
TRIPPING
• This is adopted for all faults beyond the Generator system which can be
cleared by tripping of Generator transformer HV side CB alone.
• In this case the TG set runs with HP-LP bypass system in operation and
the Generator continues to feed the unit auxiliary load through unit
auxiliary transformers.
ABB India
TYPICAL
TYPICALCLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATIONOF
OFTRIPPING
TRIPPING
PROTECTIVE RELAY TRIPPING MODE REMARKS
Generator Differential Relay Class ‘A’
Generator Transformer Differential Relay Class ‘A’
Unit Overall Differential Relay Class ‘A’
Generator Stator E/F Relay (100%) Class ‘A’
Generator Stator E/F Relay (95%) Class ‘A’
Generator Transformer Overfluxing Relay Class ‘B’ I stage alarm

Generator Under frequency Relay Class ‘C’ After some I stage alarm
time (say 30mins) II stage
Generator Rotor Earth Fault Relay Class ‘B’ II stage I stage alarm
Generator Pole slipping Relay Class ‘C’
Generator Field Failure Relay Class ‘B’ Without Under voltage

Generator Low Forward Power Relay For interlock in Class ‘B”
tripping
ABB India
TYPICAL
CLASSIFICATIONOF
OFTRIPPING
TRIPPING
Generator Reverse Power Relay Class ‘A’
Generator Distance Backup Impedance Relay Class ‘C’
Generator Voltage Restrained Relay Class ‘A’
Generator Transformer H.V. side Backup O/C relay Class ‘C’
Generator Transformer H.V. side Backup E/F relay Class ‘B’
Unit Auxiliary Transformer Differential Relay Class ‘A’
Generator Negative Sequence Current Relay Class ‘C’ I-stage alarm

Generator Definite time O/C Relay For alarm
Unit Auxiliary Transformer H.V. side O/C Relays (Backuup) Class ‘A’
Generator Transformer Buchholz Relay Class ‘A’ II-stage I-stage alarm

Generator Transformer Winding Temperature Device Class ‘C’ II-stage I-stage alarm
Generator Transformer Oil Temperature Device Class ‘C’ II-stage I-stage alarm
ABB India
TYPICAL
CLASSIFICATIONOF
OFTRIPPING
TRIPPING
Generator Transformer Oil Level Device Alarm
Unit Auxiliary Transformer Buchholz Relay(s) Class ‘C’ I-stage alarm

Unit Auxiliary Transformer(s) Oil Temperature I-stage alarm
Device(s) II-stage-trip unit switch
gear incomer breaker(s)
and Auto change-over to
station service
Unit Auxiliary Transformer(s) Oil Temperature I-stage alarm

Devices II-stage-trip unit switch
gear incomer breaker(s)
and Auto change-over.
Unit Auxiliary Transformer(s) Oil Level Device Alarm
ABB India
TYPICAL
TYPICALGROUPING
GROUPINGOF
OFRELAYS
RELAYS
GROUP-I
- Generator Differential Relay
- Generator Transformer Differential Relay
- Generator Stator Earth Fault Relay for protection of 100% stator winding
- Generator Over-voltage Relay
- Generator Underfrequency Relay
- Generator Rotor Earth Fault Relay
- Generator Field Failure Relay
- Generator Low Forward Power Relay
- Generator Reverse Power Relay
- Generator voltage restrained O/C Relay
- Generator Transformer HV side O/C Relay (for backup protection)
- Unit Auxiliary Transformer(s) Differential Relay(s)
- Generator Negative Phase Sequence Current Relay
ABB India
TYPICAL
TYPICALGROUPING
GROUPINGOF
OFRELAYS
RELAYS
GROUP-II
- Unit overall Differential Relay
- Generator Stator Earth Fault Relay for protection of 95% startor winding.
- Generator Transformer Overfluxing Relay
- Generator Overvoltage Relay.
- Generator Rotor Earth Fault Relay.
- Generator Field Failure Relay.
- Generator Pole Slipping Relay.
- Generator Low Forward Power Relay.
- Generator Reverse Power Relay.
- Generator Distance Backup Relay.
- Generator HV standby Earth Fault Relay.
- Unit Aux Transformer(s) H.V. side overcurrent Relay (for back up protection)
- Generator Negative Phase Sequence Current Relay.
- Generator definite time over-current Relay.
ABB India
ABB India
SYSTEM
SYSTEMDETAILS
DETAILS
GeneratorData :
Rated MVA : 247 MVA
Rated kV : 15.75kV
Full load current : 9065A
Sub-transient Reactance Xd” : 21.4%
Neutral Grounding Transformer :
25 kVA, 15.75 kV/240 V, Resistor: 0.5 ohms, 280A.
Field Circuit Voltage : 600V
Negative Sequence Particulars :
1) A symmetrical short circuit performance is given by 12 ²t

2) Continuous negative sequence withstand current of generator-5%
which implies that maximum difference between the line current
is about 10%.
ABB India
SYSTEM
SYSTEMDETAILS
DETAILS
If unbalance exceeds this limit, the extent of unbalance should be reduced within 3 to
5 minimum. At a value of negative sequence current of about 20-25% of the rated
value, the trip relay should operate & the generator should be automatically tripped.
3) Cooling down time of the machine : not available
Transformer Data:
1) Transformer Reactance : 14.5% on 15.75kV/ 420kV

250 MVA base
2) CT Details:
a) Generator side CT : 10000/5A, Rct= 1.5Ω, class PS,
star connection, Vk = 600V,
RL= 0.5Ω one way
ABB India
SYSTEM
SYSTEMDETAILS
DETAILS
b) 400 kV side CT : 500/ 1 A, RCT = 3 Ω, Vk = 1000 V

class PS, star connection
c) Neutral side CT : 500/1 A, PS, Vk = 1000 V,RCT = 3 Ω
3) RL Lead resistance : One way lead resistance of 15 m, 2.5 mm2

single cable is 0.1 Ω (looping done in CT
Marshalling box)
ABB India
GENERATOR
GENERATOR100%
100%EARTH
EARTHFAULT
FAULTRELAY
RELAY
Relay particulars:
Type : RAGEA
RXIG 95% Relay : 5-15V; 50 Hz.
RXIG 100% Relay : 0.4-1.2V, 150 Hz.
RXEG Supervision Relay : 40-120 V
RXKE1 for 95% Element : 20ms-99s
RXKE1 for 100% Element : 20ms- 99s
Auxiliary Voltage : 220 V DC
ABB India
GENERATOR
GENERATOR100%
100%EARTH
EARTHFAULT
FAULTRELAY
RELAY
Calculations:
95% Element:
When a fault occurs on the high voltage side of a ∆ / Y step-up transformer,There is no voltage
displacement of the generator neutral due to Zero Sequence currents. But still a small generator
neutral voltage exists for an External ground fault due to a small capacitive coupling between
primary and secondary of the generator step-up transformer. If the data to Calculate this small
neutral voltage is not available, then relay sensitivity Is restricted to about 4-5%.
Also, the 95% relay of RAGEA is suitable for operation at lower frequency and thus can act as a
reliable earth fault protection during start-up. It Operates with increased sensitivity down to about
25 Hz, the operating value being about 0.6x set voltage. At still lower frequency of 10Hz, the relay
operates at 0.8 x set voltage.
Secondary side voltage of grounding transformer for a fault on generator terminal is 240/ ¨3 = 138V.
From experience it is found that, a setting of 5.4 V of the voltage gives adequate discrimination
against such faults.
ABB India
GENERATOR
GENERATOR100%
100%EARTH
EARTHFAULT
FAULTRELAY
RELAY
Time delay setting need to be selected considering PT fuse operating time in case of a fault on
generator PT. This delay also gives stability against relay picking up from stray voltages.
Delay of about 1-2 secs is recommened.
100% Element:
Setting of this relay is approx. 50% of 3rd harmonic voltage measured across the Generator
grounding transformer.
Typical value of this 3 rd harmonic voltage = 1-2V
Setting should be adjusted at site depending on actual measured value.
Time delay of 2 secs. Can be set.
Supervision Relay:
This is usually set about 80% of rated voltage, approx. 90 V.
ABB India
GENERATOR
GENERATOR100%
100%EARTH
EARTHFAULT
FAULTRELAY
RELAY
Recommended Settings :
95% Relay : 5.4 V,1 sec.

100% Relay : 0.5 V, 2 sec.
Supervision Relay : 90 V
ABB India
GENERATOR
GENERATORBACK-UP
BACK-UPIMPEDANCE
IMPEDANCEPROTECTION-RAKZB
PROTECTION-RAKZB
Rated MVA = 247 MVA

Rated kV = 15.75 kV
Rated Load Impedance = 15.75²/ 247 = 1.0043Ω prim.
CTR / PTR = ( 10000 / 5 ) / ( 15.75 x 10³ / 110 ) = 13.97

Setting of RAKZB = 70 % of Rated Load Impedance
= 0.7 x 1.0043 x 13.97 = 9.82Ω sec.
Forward Reach = Reverse Reach
ZF = ZR = 9.82 Ω sec.
ZF = ZR = ( 0.2 f / la ¨3 ) x ( A / B ) f = 50 Hz. Ia = ln = 5 A
∴ ( A / B ) = 8.5
Choose A = 80, then B = 9.4
ABB India
ROTOR
ROTOREARTH
EARTHFAULT
FAULTRELAY-
RELAY-RXNB
RXNB
Type : RXNB
Operating Value : Approx. 5 KΩ at Ux = 0 V and
: Approx. 245 KΩ at Ux = 600 V
The relay operates for an insulation resistance Rx dependent upon Ux when
( ( Ux + 48 ) / 2.5 ) – 14 KΩ = Rx
U1 : supply Voltage
Um : Super– imposed voltage between the negative pole of the field
winding and the earth
Ux : Field voltage between the fault location & negative pole of the field wdg.
Rx : Insulation Resistance between the field windind & the earth at the fault
location.
Ij : Current in the measuring circuit.
ABB India
ROTOR
ROTOREARTH
EARTHFAULT
FAULTRELAY-
RELAY-RXNB
RXNB
ABB India
ROTOR
ROTOREARTH
EARTHFAULT
FAULTRELAY-
RELAY-RXNB
RXNB
Delay on pick-up : Approx. 11sec.

Maximum permissible
Field circuit voltage : 600V continuous, 1500v for 9 sec
Bias circuit voltage : 240VK 10%, 50Hz.
Auxiliary voltage : 240V DC
Recommended settings :
The relay has fixed settings as described.
ABB India
GENERATOR
GENERATORNEGATIVE
NEGATIVESEQUENCE
SEQUENCEPROTECTION
PROTECTION(RARIB)
(RARIB)
Relay particulars:
Type : RARIB
Operating according to t : (In / I2)² K where In = rated primary current of Auxiliary CT
K = 1-63secs.
Operating value start : 4-16%
Alarm element : 3-9%
Time delay of alarm : 6secs.
Cooling down time : (K x 170)/2ª where a is a constant which is internally

reconnectible in complete steps between 0 and 6
CT details : 10000/5A
ABB India
GENERATOR
GENERATORNEGATIVE
NEGATIVESEQUENCE
SEQUENCEPROTECTION
PROTECTION(RARIB)
(RARIB)
Calculations:
Secondary current corresponding to full load = 4.53A
∴ Setting IM = (4.53/5) x I n= 0.906 I n where I n is set to 5A.
Recommended settings:
IM = 0.906 x 5A
K = 8 on relay (System Details)
Alarm relay = 4% of IM
Trip relay = 8% of IM
Time lag relay for delayed alarm : 6secs.
• Cooling down time constant : 2.6 x K
• In the absence of valid data of the machine, this has been set at the lowest value.
This is not field adjustable.
ABB India
GENERATOR
GENERATORDIFFERENTIAL
DIFFERENTIALRELAY
RELAY
Relay Particulars :
Type : RADHA
Rating : 5A
Operating Voltage : 40/50V
Operating Current : 20mA
Auxiliary Voltage : 220V DC
System Details :
CT Details : 10000/5A, RCT = 1.5 Ω
Vk=600V
CT lead resistance RL : Pilot wire loop resistance from CT to interconnection point
of CT leads at Bus duct=0.2 Ω (One way length is 15m,
2.5mm² cs)
ABB India
GENERATOR
DIFFERENTIALRELAY
RELAY
Calculations:
1) Maximum through fault current = 1/Xd” = 1/0.214=4.67 pu
Base Current = 9.065KA ∴ If = 4.67 x 9.065KA = 42.33KA
CT sec. Current Ik = 21.2A
Maximum rms voltage that will develop across the relay for this through fault
current = Ik (RCT +RL)
= 36.04V
Normally a setting of 110% of this voltage will provide full stability against external
fault.
∴ 1.1 x 36.04 = 39.65V
A relay version of 40-50V to be selected & to be set at 40 V
• Minimum knee point voltage requirement : Vk = 2 x 40 = 80V
• Minimum Primary operating current : Ip = n1 (IR + Im + Ires)
ABB India
GENERATOR
DIFFERENTIALRELAY
RELAY
Where IR = Relay operating current = 0.02A

Im = Magnetising current of CT at set value
= 0.005 A (assumed)
Ires = 5mA for MXA 983-B at 70V
∴ Ip = 10000/5 (0.02 + 0.05 + 0.005) = 150A
40 V
ABB India
LOSS
LOSSOF
OFEXCITATION
EXCITATIONRELAY
RELAY(RAGPC)
(RAGPC)
Relay particulars:
Type : RAGPC
Rating : 5A
Scale Ranges : RXPE40 Directional Relay : 1-4A
: RXIG Overcurrentl Relay : 2.5-7.5A
: RXEG2 Under Voltage Relay : 40-120V
System Particulars:
The generator is capable of delivering 247 MVA continuously at 15.75kV terminal
voltage, 9065 A stator current and 3 kg/cm ² hydrogen pressure with cold gas
temperature not exceeding 40°C and distillate termperature at inlet of stator wdg not
exceeding 40°C. The generator capability curve is as per enclosed diagram.
CT Details : 10000/5A, RCT = 1.5 Ω, Vk=600V, Class : PS

ABB India
LOSS
LOSSOF
OFEXCITATION
EXCITATIONRELAY
RELAY(RAGPC)
(RAGPC)
PT Details : 15.75kV /110V, 200VA, 3P / 0.5M

Calculations:
The characteristic of RXPE40 unit super- imposed on generator capability curve is
shown in the diagram. The setting of RXPE should correspond to about 70 MVA
as can be seen from the diagram.
This corresponds to a secondary current of 1.28A.
The undervoltage and overcurrent relays are usually set at about 85% of Un and 115%
if In respectively.
• For under voltage relay RXEG2
Setting Range : 85-90% of Un (=110 V)
Recommended Setting : 95V (86% of Un)
ABB India
LOSS
LOSSOF
OFEXCITATION
EXCITATIONRELAY
RELAY(RAGPC)
(RAGPC)
2) For Overcurrent relay RXIG2

Setting Range : 110-115% of I n (=5A)
Recommended Setting : 5.75A (115% of I n)
3) For Directional relay RXPE40

Recommended Setting : 1.28A
ABB India
GENERATOR
GENERATORCAPABILITY
CAPABILITYCURVE
CURVE&&LOSS
LOSSOF
OFEXCITATION
EXCITATIONRELAY
RELAYCH.
CH.
ABB India
GENERATOR
GENERATORTRANSFORMER
TRANSFORMEROVER-ALL
OVER-ALLDIFFERENTIAL
DIFFERENTIALRELAY
RELAY
Relay particulars:
Type : RADSB
Rating : 5A
Restraint Operating value : Settable at 20, 25, 32, 40 or 50% of In
Unrestraint Operating value : Reconnectible to 8, 13 0r 20 times In
Calculations:
For determining auxiliary Ct requirement
In1 on 15,75 kV side = (250 x 10³) / (¨3 x 15.75)KA

= 9164.56A
In2 on 420 kV side = (250 x 10³) / (¨3 x 420)KA

= 343.67A
ABB India
GENERATOR
TRANSFORMEROVER-ALL
DIFFERENTIALRELAY
RELAY
∴ In1 = (5/10000) x 9164 = 4.58A

In2 = (1/500) x343.7 = 0.687
∴ Ratio of auxiliary CT = 0.687 / (4.58/ ¨3 )
= 0.687 / 2.64
Vk = 30 x In (RICTS) = 30 x (5/ ¨3) x RICTS
= 30 x RICTS
Setting Calculations:
a) Operating current setting :
Maximum tap changing position : 5%
According to the designer’s recommendation a minimum current sensitivity of
about 15% greater than the worst turns ratio mismatch at the tap changer should
normally be selected.
ABB India
GENERATOR
TRANSFORMEROVER-ALL
DIFFERENTIALRELAY
RELAY
Therefore, for 5% variation of taps operating current setting of 20% gives enough
margin for CT unbalance and other errors.
b) Unrestricted operating current setting:
This feature is to provide instantaneous tripping in the event of severe internal
faults.
Recommended unrestrained relay setting to take care of inrush currents on
switching, from experience based on full load current equal to normal relay rating.
Transformer Transformer When energised from

Connection Size HV side LV side
Y-∆(LV) Any 13 % 13%
In pratice such a situation arises in case of this transformer when an external

close-in fault is cleared.
ABB India
GENERATOR
TRANSFORMEROVER-ALL
DIFFERENTIALRELAY
RELAY
Maximum pick-up current setting = 20% of I n
Unrestrained operating current setting = 13 times In
ABB India
GENERATOR
TRANSFORMERHV
HVWINDING
WINDINGRESTRICTED
RESTRICTEDEARTH
EARTH
FAULT
FAULTRELAY
RELAY
Relay particulars:
Type : RADHD
Rating : 1A
Operating Voltage : 10/15V
Operating Voltage : 20mA
Auxiliary Voltage : 220V DC
Calculations:
Maximum through fault current = (250 x 1) / ( ¨3 x 420 x 0.145)
= 2370A
∴ If = 2370 / 500 = 4.74A
∴ Minimum relay = If (RCT + 2RL) = 4.74 (3 + 0.2)
Operating Voltage = 15.17V
ABB India
GENERATOR
TRANSFORMERHV
HVWINDING
WINDINGRESTRICTED
RESTRICTEDEARTH
EARTH
FAULT
FAULTRELAY
RELAY
Thus, setting can be = 15V

Minimum Knee point voltage of CT = = 2 x 15V = 30V
Voltage setting = 15V
ABB India
GENERATOR
TRANSFORMEROVER-FLUXING
OVER-FLUXINGRELAY
RELAY
Relay particulars:
Type : RATUB
Rating : 110V, 50Hz AC
Setting Range : Start, Alarm – 1.5 to 3V / Hz
Calculations:
Following are some comments regarding setting of RATUB
1 ) Transformer can withstand 10% of rise in V /Hz continuously
Therefore setting U/ f start can be selected as
1.09 x (Un/fn) = 1.09 x (110/50) = 2.4V/Hz
2) Plot of transformer U/f withstand characteristics on RATUB characteristics gives
K = 2 as the one giving
ABB India
GENERATOR
OVER-FLUXINGRELAY
RELAY
Operating times lower than transformer withstand time for rise in U/f up to
1.35 x (Un/fn). Characteristics of transformer super-imposed on relay characteristics
is shown in diagram.
3) Beyond 1.35 x (Un/fn) rise in U/f operating time of RATUB varies from 6 to 2.2 secs at
K=2, whereas transformer requires instantaneous tripping. Usually instantaneous
element of O/V relay set suitably takes care of these conditions.
4) Alarm unit can be set at same value as trip, 2.4V/Hz and time setting can be at
3.5 secs.
However if instantaneous tripping is desired from RATUB itself alarm unit can be
used for this purpose in which case setting of this unit will be 1.35 x (Un/fn)=1.35 x
(110/50) = 3V/Hz with delay set at 0.1 secs.
ABB India
GENERATOR
OVER-FLUXINGRELAY
RELAY
(U / f) start = 2.4V / Hz
K = 2
(U / f) alarm = 2.4V / Hz with time delay 3.5 secs.
ABB India
THE
THEOPERATING
OPERATINGTIME
TIMEt tAS
ASAAFUNCTION
FUNCTIONOF
OFTHE
THERELATIONSHIP
RELATIONSHIPBETWEEN
BETWEENTHE
THEACTUAL
ACTUAL
EXCITATION
EXCITATIONANS
ANSTHE
THESET
SETSTARTING
STARTINGVALUE,
VALUE,FOR
FORDIFFERENT
DIFFERENTTIME
TIMECONSTANTS
CONSTANTSK.
K.
ABB India
INTERTURN
INTERTURNFAULT
FAULTPROTECTION
PROTECTION
Relay particulars:
Type : RXIG28
Range : 5-15V
Aux PT details:
PT-1 : 145.5V/200V, 3P, 15VA
PT-2 : 3.25V/65V, 3P, 15VA
Calculations:
Voltage per turn per slot = 131.25V
In case of split windings
V∆ for a single turn fault = 131.25/2=65.645V
ABB India
INTERTURN
INTERTURNFAULT
FAULTPROTECTION
PROTECTION
VBA = 65.625 * (110/¨3) * [¨3/(15.74*10³)]

VCD = 0.46 * 65/3.25 = 9.2V
The relay can be set at 50% of the voltage developed across the relay for a single turn
Fault.
Recommended Setting:
RXIG28 setting = 5V
ABB India
LIST
LISTOF
OFREQUESTED
REQUESTEDPROTECTIVE
PROTECTIVEFUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS**DIVIDED
DIVIDED
UP
UPINTO
INTOTWO
TWOSYSTEMS
SYSTEMS
TYPE OF FAULT ANSI PROTECTION FUNCTIONS SYSTEM
Generator stator A B
Short circuits 87G Generator Differential X
87T Over all Differential X
21 Minimum Impedance X
(or alternatively)
51/27 Overcurrent/Undervoltage X
(for thyristor excitation)
(or option)
51 Overcurrent X
Assymetry 46 Negative sequence X

Stator overload 49 Thermal X
Earth fault stator 59 90% Stator Earth Fault
Neutral Disp. X
64 100% stator earth fault X
ABB India

Generator stator A B
Loss of excitation 40 Mini reactance X
Out of step 78/21 Pole slip X
Monitoring 32 Reverse power (double protection for large X X
Generators)
Over speed 81 Max. frequency X
Blade fatigue 81 Min. frequency X
Interturn fault 59 Overvoltage or overcurrent X
Lower voltages 27 Undervoltage X
Mag. Circuit 24 Overfluxing Volt/Hz X
Higher voltage 59 Overvoltage X
Generator Rotor
Rotor Overload 49 Thermal X
Rotor ground 64R Bridge measuring hardware combined with X
Voltage function
ABB India
Step-up Transformer A B
Short circuit 87T Transformer Differential X
50/51 Overcurrent X
Ground Fault 51N Earth Fault Overcurrent X
87N Restricted Earth Fault X
Unit Transformer
Short circuit 87T Transformer Differential X
50/51 Overcurrent X
49 Overload X
Ground Fault (51N) Residual Overcurrent (possible option in X
acc. With requirements)
(87N) Restricted Earth Fault (possible option in X
acc. With requirements)
∗ Example : Definite list must be prepared in accordance with electrical scheme and
installation requirements.
ABB India
DATA
DATAREQUIRED
REQUIREDFOR
FORRELAY
RELAYSETTING
SETTINGCALCULATIONS
CALCULATIONSFOR
FOR
GENERATOR
GENERATORPROTECTIONS
PROTECTIONS
1) Generator differential protection – 87G-RADHA:
a) Sub-transient reactance Xd ”
b) CT secondary resistance RCT
c) Lead resistance from CT to junction point RL
2) Differential protection – 87L-RADHA:
a) Sub-transient reactance Xd ”
b) Transformer reactance XT
c) CT secondary resistance R CT
d) Lead resistance from CT to junction point RL
3) 100% Earth fault relay – 64G1-RAGEA:
a) 3rd Harmonic voltage across secondary of grounding transformer.
ABB India
DATA
DATAREQUIRED
REQUIREDFOR
FORRELAY
RELAYSETTING
SETTINGCALCULATIONS
CALCULATIONSFOR
FOR
GENERATOR
PROTECTIONS
4) Generator Overvoltage relay - 59G-RXEG:
a) Overvoltage withstand values of the generator.
5) Generator Inter-turn fault relay – 50GI-RXIG:
a) Unbalance in current for 1 turn short circuit.
6) Loss of Excitation relay – 40G-RAGPC:
a) The generator capability curve.
b) Impedance locus during loss of excitation
c) Variation in machine voltage & current on loss of excitation
7) Negative sequence protection – 46G-RARIB:
a) K- A constant in seconds that is the characteristic for the generator
This constant represents the time during which a negative
sequence current that is equivalent to the rated current of the
generator, can be permitted.
ABB India
DATA
DATAREQUIRED
REQUIREDFOR
FORRELAY
RELAYSETTING
SETTINGCALCULATIONS
CALCULATIONSFOR
FOR
GENERATOR
PROTECTIONS
b) Continuous negative sequence withstand value.
8) Under-frequency protection- 81G-RXFE:
a) Generator manufacturer’s recommendations regarding under frequency
trip.
9) Over current relay – 51-RXIG:
a) Continuous withstand current of the unit.
10) Generator Backup Impedance relay – 21G-RAKZB:
a) Philosophy adopted for setting:
- to cover only transformer
- to cover next outgoing line but not beyond, under all
generation conditions
- to set for 70% of maximum load impedance.
ABB India
DATA
DATAREQUIRED
REQUIREDFOR
FORRELAY
RELAYSETTING
SETTINGCALCULATIONS
CALCULATIONSFOR
FOR
GENERATOR
PROTECTIONS
11) Pole slipping relay:
a) Impedance locus during pole slip.
12) Over-all differential relay – 87GT-RADSB:
a) RCT, Vk of main CT.
b) RL, Lead Resistance.
13) Restricted Earth fault relay – 64GT-RADHD:
a) RCT of the main CT.
14) Over fluxing relay – 99GT - RATUB:
a) Over fluxing characteristics of the transformer.
15) Transformer Ground fault relay – 51NGT-CDG:
a) Plug setting.
b) Time setting.
ABB India
DATA
DATAREQUIRED
REQUIREDFOR
FORRELAY
RELAYSETTING
SETTINGCALCULATIONS
CALCULATIONSFOR
FOR
GENERATOR
PROTECTIONS
16) Station Transf. Differential relay – 87UTA & 87UTB-RADSB:

a) RCT, Vk of main CT.
17) Station Transf. Overcurrent relay – 51UTA – CDG33:
a) Plug setting.
b) Time setting.
ABB India
ABB India

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Gen Protn Philosophy&settings PDF

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GENERATOR PROTECTION Combiflex R

Objective is to trip only the absolutely essential so that

• This is adopted for those electrical faults of Generator and Generator

• This leads to simultaneous tripping of

• Subsequently the Generator is tripped through low forward power

Generator Transformer Differential Relay Class ‘A’

Unit Overall Differential Relay Class ‘A’

Generator Stator E/F Relay (100%) Class ‘A’

Generator Stator E/F Relay (95%) Class ‘A’

Generator Transformer Overfluxing Relay Class ‘B’ I stage alarm

Generator Field Failure Relay Class ‘B’ Without Under voltage

Generator Distance Backup Impedance Relay Class ‘C’

Generator Voltage Restrained Relay Class ‘A’

Generator Transformer H.V. side Backup O/C relay Class ‘C’

Generator Transformer H.V. side Backup E/F relay Class ‘B’

Unit Auxiliary Transformer Differential Relay Class ‘A’

Generator Negative Sequence Current Relay Class ‘C’ I-stage alarm

Generator Transformer Buchholz Relay Class ‘A’ II-stage I-stage alarm

Unit Auxiliary Transformer Buchholz Relay(s) Class ‘C’ I-stage alarm

Unit Auxiliary Transformer(s) Oil Temperature I-stage alarm

Unit Auxiliary Transformer(s) Oil Level Device Alarm

1) A symmetrical short circuit performance is given by 12 ²t

1) Transformer Reactance : 14.5% on 15.75kV/ 420kV

b) 400 kV side CT : 500/ 1 A, RCT = 3 Ω, Vk = 1000 V

3) RL Lead resistance : One way lead resistance of 15 m, 2.5 mm2

95% Relay : 5.4 V,1 sec.

Rated MVA = 247 MVA

Rated Load Impedance = 15.75²/ 247 = 1.0043Ω prim.

CTR / PTR = ( 10000 / 5 ) / ( 15.75 x 10³ / 110 ) = 13.97

Delay on pick-up : Approx. 11sec.

Cooling down time : (K x 170)/2ª where a is a constant which is internally

Where IR = Relay operating current = 0.02A

CT Details : 10000/5A, RCT = 1.5 Ω, Vk=600V, Class : PS

PT Details : 15.75kV /110V, 200VA, 3P / 0.5M

2) For Overcurrent relay RXIG2

3) For Directional relay RXPE40

In1 on 15,75 kV side = (250 x 10³) / (¨3 x 15.75)KA

In2 on 420 kV side = (250 x 10³) / (¨3 x 420)KA

∴ In1 = (5/10000) x 9164 = 4.58A

Transformer Transformer When energised from

In pratice such a situation arises in case of this transformer when an external

Thus, setting can be = 15V

V∆ for a single turn fault = 131.25/2=65.645V

VBA = 65.625 * (110/¨3) * [¨3/(15.74*10³)]

Assymetry 46 Negative sequence X

TYPE OF FAULT ANSI PROTECTION FUNCTIONS SYSTEM

TYPE OF FAULT ANSI PROTECTION FUNCTIONS SYSTEM

16) Station Transf. Differential relay – 87UTA & 87UTB-RADSB:

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