1.

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCATION This project is aimed at developing an online application for

the College Management System Dept. of the college. The system is an online application
that can be accessed throughout the organization and outside as well with proper login
provided. This system can be used as an application for the TPO of the college to manage
the student information with regards to placement and college managing. The college
management and staff logging should be able to upload their information in the form of a CV
and student record and college department record uploaded. Visitor’s college staff
representatives logging in may also access/search any information put up by Students.
2. 2. 2 CHAPTER 2 ABOUT PROJECT Project Title: - College Management System This
project mainly used for college management. This project I use many operations for keeping
record. We use college department and staff registration form, search form and their
management form of college. In this project we need to fill up the basic information about the
student and college into the registration form, total qualifications, percentages, current &
permanent address and student attends and staff salary and result, all of college record
managing etc. The College Management System project is aimed at developing an online
application for the College Management System Dept. of the college. The system is an
online application that can be accessed throughout the organization and outside as well with
proper login provided. This system can be used as an application for the HOD of the college
to manage the student information and college information with regards to college
management. College department and HOD logging should be able to upload their
information in the system. Visitors & college staff representatives logging in may also
access/search any information put up by Students.  Institute & College record - Covering
Details regarding Institute  Student record - Covering Details regarding Students 
Counseling - Helps in Category wise Placements.  Staff record – Converting Details
regarding staff. Panels are available 1. Collage panel 2. Student panel 3. Parent’s panel 4.
Other panel 1. Collage panel There are three types of users in this panel they are admin,
mentor & faculty and these three users have their own rights and authorized to be done.
when any student take admission in college then admin give a unique student id & password
for student and admin give a unique parents id & password for parents. And if any mentor or
faculty is been changed and new faculty is Join College then admin also provide them the
login id and password. And then these three types of user (admin, mentor, and faculty) can
login in college panel and perform their tasks.
3. 3. 3  Admin  Mentor  Faculty Admin For College & Self:- Admin can add or delete the new
course in college’s courses. And admin can add or delete the new branch in particular
course according to student study and requirement. Admin can add and delete (manage) the
seats in particular branch means admin can fix seats in any branch of any courses. Admin
can fix the criteria for the admission of student. Admin can enter the roll no of a particular
student if he wants to show the full profile of student. Admin can change his bio data and
profile if he needed it. For Student: When any student takes admission in college. Admin
take requirement for the branch and course and check that their is a seat available in that
particular branch & course and allotted as required and admin give a unique student id &
password for student and admin give a unique parents id & password for parents. 
Attendance: admin can see the attendance of all branches students year wise, branch wise,
and roll no. wise. And admin is update and modification in attendance of all branches
students. If admin has any issue of attendance of particular student then admin can be
update notice in student account and parents account.  Marks: : admin can see the marks
of all branches students year wise, branch wise, and roll no. wise. And admin is update and
modification in marks of all branches students. If admin has any issue of marks of particular
student then admin can be update notice in student account and parents account.  Notices:
if admin has any issue for any student’s marks and attendance and other field then admin
can be update notice in student & parents account for parents and students. If admin wants
to give any notice for a particular student then admin can be give a message or notice for
student.
4. 4. 4  Calendar: admin can be update a calendar for students. information about the
midterms, practical and final exam dates in this calendar. Admin can be update calendar
branch wise and year wise.  Time table: admin can be update a time table for students.
information about the classes time with particular subject with day wise in this time table.
Admin can be update time table branch wise and year wise.  News: admin can be update
news in particular student and year wise and branch wise. information of college events,
functions. and information regarding technical &non technical. For Parents when any student
take admission in college. Admin give a unique parents id & password for parents.  Notice:
If admin has any issue of attendance & marks of particular student then admin can be update
notice in student account and parents account. So parents can see the notice of college
regarding to student. Mentor For College & Self mentor after login can be change in his
profile and bio data. Mentor can be create a list for his contact. In this list he update the
name, contact no, address, email id, etc. of his friends and faculty teacher. For Student: 
Attendance: mentor can see the attendance of only their branch students year wise and roll
no. wise. And mentor is update and modification in attendance of only their branch students.
If mentor has any issue of attendance of particular student see the marks of only their branch
students year wise and roll no. wise. And mentor is then mentor can be update notice in
student account and parents account.  Marks: mentor can update and modification in marks
of only their branch students. If mentor has any issue of marks of particular student then
mentor can be update notice in student account and parents account.  Notices: if mentor
has any issue for any student’s marks and attendance then mentor can be update notice in
student & parents account. If mentor wants to give any notice for a particular student then
mentor can be give a message or notice for student.  Time table: mentor can be update a
time table for students of their branch. Information about the classes’ time with particular
subject and subject teacher name in this time table. Mentor can be update time table year
wise.  Profile & contact list: mentor can be see the profile of their branch students.
5. 5. 5 For Parents: If mentor has any issue of attendance & marks of particular student then
mentor can be update notice in student account and parents account. For faculty: mentor
can be update time table of faculty teacher. and mentor can see the contact no, address,
email id and other information of his branch teacher. Faculty For College & Self faculty can
see their feedback and profile and bio data. and faculty can be change and update their
profile and bio data but cannot be change the their feedback. For Student: faculty will take
the attendance of their lecture students. And update the attendance & marks of students. if
faculty has any issue for any student’s marks and attendance then teacher can be update
notice in student & parents account. If faculty wants to give any notice for a particular student
then faculty can be give a message or notice for student. For Parents: If mentor has any
issue of attendance & marks of particular student then mentor can be update notice in
student account and parents account.  Admin, mentor & faculty  Login id & password  Bio-
data  Attendance For admin: update and show attendance all branch (semester wise and
roll no wise) For faculty: update and show attendance only his department For mentor:
update and show attendance only his department  Marks For admin: update and show
marks all branch (semester wise and roll no wise) For faculty: update and show marks only
his department For mentor: update and show marks only his department  Notices For
admin: update and show marks all branch (semester wise and roll no wise) For faculty:
update and show marks only his department For mentor: update and show marks only his
department  All students
6. 6. 6  Particular student  Roll no. and comments  Particular student and parents  Time
table & calendar Admin, mentor, faculty For admin: show and update time table of all
semester and branches For mentor: show and update time table of all semester and
branches For faculty: show and update time table of all semester and branches 2. Student
panel 1.when student get admission in college he will be provided the particular student id
and password by college and then student can login from student panel from given or
 provided student id or password and can accessed the belonging services are provided for
them such as attendance, marks, news, calendar, profile, etc. Student can change (update)
their profile, bio data, personal information, and news but cannot change their attendance,
marks, time table and calendar. When student can change in their profile and bio data then
all changes are update in college pannel and Parents pannel.  Login id: login id provide by
college itself and they can be accessed by entering in login id block.  Password: unique
password is provided by college to each student’s id. When correct password is entered
required id is been login.  Bio data : this field gives the information regarding family and
student profile(name, father name, mother name, branch, current year, dob, roll no., address,
blood group, contact no and profile picture).if student is going to update his personal
information in student pannel then the updation is also done or been performed in college
pannel and parents pannel.  Attendance: this field informs about the attendance of student
by semester wise till date its been present. Their is a criteria of attendance(75% present) and
if it is less than 75% then it cerate the remark of short attendance.or student can view the
attendance by
7. 7. 7 subject wise and show that how many lacture of a particular subject in a particular week
& month been done and how many lacture attend by student in particular week and month. 
Marks: this field informs about the marks of student by semester wise till semester it’s been
present. It can also display the marks of first midterm and second midterm and final exam of
a particular semester. It show that student is achieved marks of a particular subject from total
marks and also calculate the rank in class.  Calendar: information about the midterms
practical and final exam dates. and time table of classes.  Profile: if needed modification can
be done for new password and profile picture and etc.  Personal information: it can add
personal (contact name, contact no. And email id and address) for faculty and friends. 
News: information of college events, functions. and information regarding technical &non
technical.  Login id & password  Bio-data  Attendance  Demarks  News Collage news
Other news  Calendar  Profile  Library  Feedback 2.Parents panel when student get
admission in college he will be provided the particular parents id and password by college
and then parents can login from parents pannel from given or providedparentsidorpassword
and can accessed the belonging services are provided for them such as attendance, marks,
news, calendar, profile, etc. Parents cannot change students attendance, marks, time table
and calendar. Mean parents only read the informationof studentandparentscancommunicate
withteacher. if any parents wants to give feedback for any teacher their is a services
provided in parents panel with feedback field and this feedback can seen by admin.
8. 8. 8  Login id: login id provide by college itself and they can be accessed by entering in
login id block.  Password: unique password is provided by college to each parent’s id. When
correct password is entered required id is been login.  Bio data: this field gives the
information regarding family and student profile(name, father name, mother name, branch,
current year, dob, roll no., address, blood group, contact no and profile picture). Parents
cannot change in student bio data.  Attendance: this field informs about the attendance of
student by semester wise till date its been present. There is a criteria of attendance (75%
present) and if it is less than 75% then it cerate the remark of short attendance. Parents can
view the attendance by subject wise and show that how many lecture of a particular subject
in a particular week & month been done and how many lecture attend by student in particular
week and month.  Marks: this field informs about the marks of student by semester wise till
semester its been present. it can also display the marks of first midterm and second midterm
and final exam of a particular semester. It shows that student is achieved marks of a
particular subject from total marks and also calculates the rank in class. But parents cannot
change in students marks only view it.  Notice: information of fee (deposit date and amount)
and Feedback of student given by teacher and Notification (information) for parents by
college.  Feedback: feed of the teacher by the parents and it feedback store in adman’s
 feedback block.  Login id & password  Information &bio-data of student  Show attendance
and marks  Notice for regarding to fee and other account section  feedback
9. 9. 9 3.Other panel This panel can be use by guest user without login. Guest user can be get
information of college infrastructure, admission process, academics, department, and
available courses and branches. And guest user can be get information of requirement
faculty teacher.  Information of course and branch.  Download the registration form. 
Information for requirement of faculty. College Management System Modules Login &
registration  Admin: when any student take admission in college. admin give a unique
student id & password for student and admin give a unique parents id & password for
parents. For login in student & parents pannel. And admin can be login in college pannel.
Admin give a unique id and password for faculty teacher.  Mentor: mentor can be login in
college pannel.  Faculty: teacher can be login in college pannel.  Parents: parents can be
login in parents pannel.  Student: student can be login in student pannel. Bio data  Admin 
admin can see the bio data of student and faculty. After searching by roll no. and name wise.
 Admin can be change in their bio data.  Mentor  mentor can be update and changes in
their bio data.  mentor can see the bio data of their branch student. After searching by roll
no.  Faculty  faculty can be update and change in their bio data.
10. 10. 10  faculty teacher can see the bio data of their branch student. After searching by roll
no.  Parents:  Parents can see the bio data of student.  Student:  student can be update
in their bio data. Attendance  Admin Admin can be update and see the attendance of
student. After search by semester wise and roll no wise.  Mentor: mentor can be update and
see the attendance of student. After search by semester wise and roll no wise.  Faculty:
faculty can be update and see the attendance of student. After search by branch wise and
roll no wise.  Parents: parents can see the attendance of student by semester wise and
subject wise after search.  Student: student can see the attendance by semester wise and
subject wise after search. Marks:  Admin: admin can be update and see the marks of
student. After search by semester wise and roll no wise.  Mentor: mentor can be update and
see the marks of student. After search by branch wise and roll no wise.  Faculty: faculty can
be update and see the marks of student. After search by branch wise student’s marks and
attendance then admin can be update notice in student & parents account. If and roll no
wise.  Parents: parents can see the marks of student by semester wise and subject wise
after search.  Student: student can see the marks by semester wise and subject wise after
search.
11. 11. 11 Notices  Admin:  If admin has any issue for any admin wants to give any notice for a
particular student then admin can be give a message or notice for student. After search the
roll no and semester wise.  If admin has any issue of attendance & marks of particular
student then admin can be update notice in student account and parents account. after
search the roll no.  Admin can be update a notice for parents regarding to fee and other
information. after search the roll no and semester.  Mentor:  If mentor has any issue for
any student’s marks and attendance then mentor can be update notice in student & parents
account. If mentor wants to give any notice for a particular student then mentor can be give a
message or notice for student. after search the roll no. and branch wise.  If mentor has any
issue of attendance & marks of particular student then mentor can be update notice in
student account and parents account. After search the roll no and branch wise.  Faculty:  If
faculty has any issue for any student’s marks and attendance then teacher can be update
notice in student & parents account. If faculty wants to give any notice for a particular student
then faculty can be give a message or notice for student. After search the roll no and
semester.  Parents:  Information of fee (deposit date and amount ) and Feedback of
student given by teacher and Notification (information) for parents by college.
12. 12. 12  Student: information of college events, functions. and information regarding
technical &non techniacl Profile:  Admin:  admin can see the profile of student and faculty.
 After searching by roll no. and name wise.  Admin can be update of their profile.  Mentor: 
mentor can see the profile of student. After searching by roll no. and name wise.  Mentor
can be update their profile.  Faculty:  mentor can see the profile of student. After searching
by roll no. and name wise.  Mentor can be update their profile.  Parents: parents can see
the profile of student.  Student: student can be change in their profile. if needed modification
can be done for new password and profile picture and etc. Calendar:  Admin: admin can be
update a calendar for students. information about the midterms practical and final exam
dates in this calendar. Admin can be update calendar branch wise and year wise after
search.  Mentor: mentor can see the calendar of student’s examination date sheet after
search by branch and semester wise.  Faculty: faculty can see the calendar of student’s
examination date sheet after search by branch and semester wise.  Parents: parents can
see the calendar of their student after click the calendar.
13. 13. 13  Student: student can see the calendar after click the calendar. News:  Admin:
admin can be update news in particular student. information of college events, functions. and
information regarding technical &non technical after search the roll no and branch wise. 
Students: information of college events, functions. and information regarding technical &non
technical. Searching:  Admin: admin can be search the attendance , marks ,and bio data of
particular student and any semester or branch by roll no, semester name, branch name wise.
 Mentor: mentor can be search the attendance , marks ,and bio data of particular student
and their branch by roll no, semester name, branch name wise.  Faculty: faculty teacher
can be search the attendance , marks ,and bio data of particular student and their branch by
roll no, semester name, branch name wise.  Parents: If parents have any issue for particular
teacher then parents click the feedback term and search the teacher name and write
feedback for teacher. and parents can see the student’s attendance and marks by search the
semester name and subject name wise.  Student: student can see the marks and
attendance by search the subject name and semester name wise. Automation:  Admin: the
information receive to admin that the seats are full of particular branch in particular course.
And if admin types login id and password wrong then message will appear that “your id and
password is incorrect”.  Mentor: the mentor receive the information of branch and their room
no in which their lacture will held and show that the list of students of
14. 14. 14 their lecture class. And if mentor types login id and password wrong then message
will appear that “your id and password is incorrect”.  Faculty: the faculty receive the
information of branch and their room no in which their lacture will held and show that the list
of student of their lecture class. And if faculty types login id and password wrong then
message will appear that “your id and password is incorrect”.  Parents: if parents types login
id and password wrong then message will appear that “your id and password is incorrect”. 
Student: if student types login id and password wrong then message will appear that “your id
and password is incorrect”.
15. 15. 15 CHAPTER 3 EVALUATION OF EXISTING SYSTEM 3.1 Existing System:- Present
system or Existing system of “College Management System” working manually or
computerized in a building. Therefore all types works are maintain in building. So maintain all
the counseling procedure very difficult. The computerization of COLLEGE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM is an integrated package developed as the College Management System in
ASP.Net. This package follows the standards and norms of COLLAGE. As opposed to the
manual system of working of College Management System, just requires some key input
from bout entry by the package itself. The operator such as patient, searching patient, etc
and rest of work is done. The system provides facility of patient registration; reduce time of
evaluation and inquiry in various chapter but knowledge of computer is required to follow the
comment of this pro, Searching and modification. Although the concept about the new
system are discussed ject work. You are also welcome for your comments and suggestion to
make more improvement and enhancement in project.
16. 16. 16 CHAPTER 4 PROPOSED SYSTEM 4.1INTRODUCTION TO COLLEGE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM This project mainly used for College Management System of new
or old student’s and college department. This project I use many operations for keeping
record. We use student registration and college department record stored and performs for
the HOD of Department form, search form and their College and department, students
record. In this project we need to fill up the basic information about the College Management
System into the registration form, total qualifications, percentages, result, and all of college
record, and student and staff Employee current & permanent address etc. a) Registration
Form:- When we enter the correct registration in the registration form n we enter in our
project end work in it. b) College Management System form:- In this form we can insert those
students and staff which are already login from the college. c) Search:- By using this form
operator can search own self the students & college department by using information of
branch and college department academic gap n back and other information which is required
in very easy manner? c) View Form:- Using this option form operator can get the College
Management System by providing college department all of record. 4.2Features of the
Proposed System: - In earlier time, the college was using the manual system, which as
based on the entries on the registers. When a student want College Management System
from the college then he must do the entries in the register and also when he/her talk record
than help desk is also need to do the entry registers. The computerized integrated system
from the existing system will have the following advantage:  Handle volume of information. 
Complexity of data processing.  Processing time constant.  Computational demand.
17. 17. 17  Instantaneous queries.  Security features. In detail, the application needs to be
developed for College Management System FORM. Each of the application modules will
have the following features:  Linking of information as an integrated centralized system. 
Data Entry  Query system To define various levels of access control and security
requirements, system will place the restriction on the use of different screens etc. It has one
part
18. 18. 18 CHAPTER 5 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT This project is invented for the College
Management System of the student employee in college. The objective of the project
solution for simplifying the entry process. It provides user friendly interface. The main
objectives of the College Management System project are following:  Easy searching of
student, college & employee information.  Increase high throughputs.  Decrease
overheads.  Minimization redundancy.  Make data more secure.  Improve report
generation process to improve decision making.  To provide fast accurate and consist
response.  Proposed system is according to the current demand.
19. 19. 19 CHAPTER 6 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT Our project has a big scope to do. We can
store information of all the student & college record. College Management System is
categorized according to various streams. Various companies can access the information.
Students & college can maintain their information and can update it. Notifications are sent to
students about the companies. Students & college department can access previous
information about college. There are fallowing modules and forms are used- 1. Institute
Record. 2. Student Record. 3. College Management System. 4. Category’s selection form. 5.
Reporting, Withdraw. 6. Campus Placement. 7. Staff Salary. 8. New Admission. 9. College
Results.
20. 20. 20 CHAPTER 7 SYSTEM ANALYSIS 7.1 INTRODUCATION:- In earlier time, the college
was using the manual system, which as based on the entries on the registers. When a
student want placement from the college then he must do the entries in the register and also
when he/her talk placed than help desk is also need to do the entry registers. The
computerized integrated system from the existing system will have the following advantage:
 Handle volume of information.  Complexity of data processing.  Processing time
constant.  Computational demand.  Instantaneous queries.  Security features. In detail,
the application needs to be developed for College Management System form. Each of the
 application modules will have the following features:  Linking of information as an integrated
centralized system.  Data Entry  Query system To define various levels of access control
and security requirements, system will place the restriction on the use of different screens
etc. It has one part.  Administrator: He has all rights and can go on any screen. 7.2
Requirement Analysis: -
21. 21. 21 Information gathering is usually the first phase of the software development project.
The purpose of this phase is to identify and document the exact requirements for the system.
The user’s request identifies the need for a new information system and on investigation re-
defined the new problem to be based on MIS, which supports management. The objective is
to determine whether the request is valid and feasible before a recommendation is made to
build a new or existing manual system continues. The major steps are – • Defining the user
requirements. • Studying the present system to verify the problem. • Defining the
performance expected by the candidate to use requirements. 7.3 S/W and H/W Requirement
Specification: - Hardware requirements Processor 1 GHz RAM 512 MB Disk space
(minimum) 32-bit 850 MB 64-bit 2 GB Table 1: Hardware requirements Supported client
operating systems Operating system Supported editions Additional information Windows 8.1
32-bit and 64-bit Includes the .NET Framework 4.5.1 Windows 8 32-bit and 64-bit Includes
the .NET Framework 4.5 Windows 7 SP1 32-bit and 64-bit - Windows XP 32-bit and 64-bit -
22. 22. 22 Windows Vista SP2 32-bit and 64-bit - Table 2: Supported client operating systems
Supported server operating systems Operating system Supported editions Additional
information Windows Server 2012 R2 64-bit Includes the .NET Framework 4.5.1 Windows
Server 2012 (64-bit edition) 64-bit Includes the .NET Framework 4.5 Windows Server 2008
R2 SP1 64-bit The .NET Framework is supported in the Server Core Role with SP1 or later,
but isn't supported on Windows Server 2008 R2 for Itanium-Based Systems. Windows
Server 2008 SP2 32-bit and 64-bit The .NET Framework is not supported in the Server Core
Role. Table 3: Supported server operating systems Introduction to ASP.NET: - The .NET
Framework is an environment for building, deploying, and running Web Services and other
applications. It consists of three main parts:  the Common Language Runtime,  the
Framework classes,  And ASP.NET. Net Framework is a platform or development
environment to seamlessly create web- applications that are accessible through client
machines from across the globe ASP.Net is a part of Microsoft .Net platform. ASP.Net
applications are complied codes, written using the extensible and reusable components or
objects present in .Net framework. .Net Framework is platform independent and language
independent. This means that .Net Framework allows you to use different programming
languages such as VB.Net, C#, Jscript, VBScript, and Managed C++ and run applications on
different platforms such as UNIX, Macintosh, and Linux. Moreover. History Of ASP.NET
FRAMEWORK: -  Easier and quicker programming  Reduced amount of code
23. 23. 23  Declarative programming model  Richer server control hierarchy with events 
Larger class library  Better support for development tools The .NET Framework consists of
3 main parts: Programming languages:  C# (Pronounced C sharp)  Visual Basic (VB .NET)
 J# (Pronounced J sharp) Server technologies and client technologies:  ASP .NET (Active
Server Pages)  Windows Forms (Windows desktop solutions)  Compact Framework (PDA /
Mobile solutions) Development environments:  Visual Studio .NET (VS .NET)  Visual Web
Developer Common Language Runtime (CLR) ?  The Common Language Runtime is the
execution engine for .NET Framework applications. It provides a number of services,
including the following:  Code management (loading and execution)  Application memory
isolation  Verification of type safety  Conversion of IL to native code  Access to metadata
(enhanced type information)  Managing memory for managed objects  Enforcement of
code access security
24. 24. 24  Exception handling, including cross-language exceptions Support for developer
services (profiling, debugging, and so on) Common Type System (CTS) ? The common type
system is a rich type system, built into the Common Language Runtime that supports the
 types and operations found in most programming languages. The common type system
supports the complete implementation of a wide range of programming languages. Common
Language Specification (CLS) ? The Common Language Specification is a set of constructs
and constraints that serves as a guide for library writers and compiler writers. It allows
libraries to be fully usable from any language supporting the CLS, and for those languages to
integrate with each other. The Common Language Specification is also important to
application developers who are writing code that will be used by other developers. When
developers design publicly accessible APIs following the rules of the CLS, those APIs are
easily used from all other programming languages that target the Common Language
Runtime. Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) ? MSIL is the CPU-independent
instruction set into which .NET Framework programs are compiled. It contains instructions for
loading, storing, initializing, and calling methods on objects. Combined with metadata and
the common type system, MSIL allows for true cross-language integration. Prior to
execution, MSIL is converted to machine code. It is not interpreted. Base Class Library The
Base Class Libraries (BCL) provides the fundamental building blocks for any application you
develop, be it an ASP.Net application, a Windows Forms application, or a Web Service. The
BCL generally serves as your main point of interaction with the runtime.BCL classes include
25. 25. 25 Figure 2: Namespace Namespace:- A namespace is just a grouping of related
classes. It's a method of putting classes inside a container so that they can be clearly
distinguished from other classes with the same name. Programmers skilled in the Java
language will recognize namespaces as packages. A namespace is a logical grouping rather
than a physical grouping. The physical grouping is accomplished by an assembly.
26. 26. 26 Figure 3: Runtime Compilation and Execution About HTML: - Hypertext Markup
Language (HTML) is a language for describing how pages of text, graphics, and other
information are organized. Hypertext means text stored in electronic form with cross-
reference links between pages. An HTML page contains HTML tags, which are embedded
commands that supply information about the page’s structure, appearance, and contents.
Web browsers use this information to determine how to display the page. Features of .NET
The following are major features of .NET. We will use these features throughout out journey.
Here is just a brief introduction to all key features of .NET. Assemblies An assembly is either
a .DLL or .EXE that forms a part of an application. It contains MSIL code that is executed by
CLR. The following are other important points related to an assembly: It is the unit on which
permissions are granted. Every assembly
27. 27. 27 contains a version. Assemblies contain interfaces and classes. They may also contain
other resources such as bitmaps, file etc. Every assembly contains assembly metadata,
which contains information about assembly. CLR uses this information at the time of
executing assembly. Assemblies may be either private, which are used only by the
application to which they belong or Global assemblies, which are used by any application in
the system. Two assemblies of the same name but with different versions can run side-by-
side allowing applications that depend on a specific version to use assembly of that version.
The four parts of an assembly are:-  Assembly Manifest - Contains name, version, culture,
and information about referenced assemblies.  Type metadata - Contains information about
types defined in the assembly.  MSIL – MSIL code.  Resources - Files such as BMP or
JPG file or any other files required by application. Note: Assembly that contains only
resources is called as Satellite assembly. Common Type System:- Common Type System
(CTS) specifies the rules related to data types that languages must follow. As programs
written in all languages are ultimately converted to MSIL, data types in all languages must be
convertible to certain standard data types.CTS is a part of cross-language integration, which
allows classes written in one language to be used and extended by another language.
Cross-language Interoperability .NET provides support for language interoperability.
However, it doesn’t mean every program written in a language can be used by another
language. To enable a program to be used with other languages, it must be created by
following a set of rules called Cross Language Specifications (CLS). Cross-language
 inheritance is the ability to create a class in C# from a class created in VB.NET. When an
exception is raised by a program written in C#, the exception can be handled by VB.NET.
This kind of exception handling is called cross-language exception handling. .NET has
brought a set of new features which are to be understood by every programmer developing
applications for Windows. There is no way any Windows programmer can ignore .NET,
unless he is desperate to be outdated. Microsoft will provide .NET as part of its operating
systems in future releases. It is the platform for programmers. It is not new OS from
Microsoft or a new language. It is the environment for which you develop applications. It is
rich in terms of features. Believe me, programming using VB.NET is fun and it is more
productive than VB 6.0.
28. 28. 28 About SQL SERVER MANAGEMENT: - SQL Server Management Studio enables you
to manage Analysis Services objects, such as performing back-ups and processing objects.
Management Studio provides an Analysis Services Script project in which you develop and
save scripts written in Multidimensional Expressions (MDX), Data Mining Extensions (DMX),
and XML for Analysis (XMLA). You use Analysis Services Scripts projects to perform
management tasks or re-create objects, such as database and cubes, on Analysis Services
instances. For example, you can develop an XMLA script in an Analysis Services Script
project that creates new objects directly on an existing Analysis Services instance. The
Analysis Services Scripts projects can be saved as part of a solution and integrated with
source code control. SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) is a software application first
launched with the Microsoft SQL Server 2005 that is used for configuring, managing, and
administering all components within Microsoft SQL Server. The tool includes both script
editors and graphical tools which work with objects and features of the server. A central
feature of SQL Server Management Studio is the Object Explorer, which allows the user to
browse, select, and act upon any of the objects within the server.[2] It also has an "express"
version that can be freely downloaded. SQL Server Management Studio is an integrated
environment for accessing, configuring, managing, administering, and developing all
components of SQL Server. SQL Server Management Studio combines a broad group of
graphical tools with a number of rich script editors to provide access to SQL Server to
developers and administrators of all skill levels. SQL Server Management Studio combines
the features of Enterprise Manager, Query Analyzer, and Analysis Manager, included in
previous releases of SQL Server, into a single environment. In addition, SQL Server
Management Studio works with all components of SQL Server such as Reporting Services
and Integration Services. Developers get a familiar experience, and database administrators
get a single comprehensive utility that combines easy-to-use graphical tools with rich
scripting capabilities. SQL Server 2008 has been released for a year now. In SQL Server
2000, DBA had to use two different tools to maintain the database as well as the query
database, specifically SQL Server Enterprise Manager and SQL Server Query Analyzer.
With the release of SQL Server 2005 both of these tools are combined into one tool: SQL
Server Management Studio. For a while DBA who were fan of Query Analyzer requested to
bring it back but as they keep on using SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) they
realized that it was much more convenient if every task related to SQL Server could be
accomplished using SSMS. With the release of SQL Server 2008 Microsoft has upgraded
SSMS with many new features as well as added tons of new functionalities requested by
DBAs for long time. Let us go over a few of the important new features of the SSMS 2008.
The list of SQL Server 2008 SSMS improvements is very long. I have selected my favorite 5
features and we will go over them.
29. 29. 29 1. IntelliSense for Query Editing 2. Multi Server Query 3. Query Editor Regions 4.
Object Explorer Enhancements 5. Activity Monitors  Large Database & Space Management
Control: - Oracle supports the largest database potential hundreds of Giga Bytes in size. To
make efficient use of expensive devices, it allows full control of space usage.  Many
Concurrent Database Performances: - It supports large no of concurrent users executing a
variety of database Applications operation on the same data. It minimizes data connection &
 guarantees data concurrency  High Transaction Processing Performance: - Sql server
management maintains the processing features with a high degree of overall system
performance. Database user doesn’t suffer from slow processing performance.  High
Availability: - At some sets Oracle works 24 Hours per day with no downtime or limit
database throughput. Normal system operation such as database backup & partial
completion system failure don’t interrupt database use.  Controlled Availability: - Sql server
can selectively control the availability of data at the database level & sub Database level.
E.g. - an administrator can disallow use of a specific application .Data can be reloaded
without affecting other application.  Manageable Security: - To protect against unauthorized
database aspects & users .Oracle provides failsafe security features to limit & monitor the
data area. The system makes it easy to manage even the most completed designs for data
assets.  Database Enforced Integrity: - sql enforces data integrity “Business rules” that
dictates the standards for applicable data. As result the cost of coding & managing checks in
many database applications are eliminated.
30. 30. 30  Distributed Database System: - Distributed systems have same degree of user
transparency & data consistency as non-distributed systems. Yet receives the advantages of
local database management.  Portability: - Sql management studio 2008 software is
compatible to work under different operating system & same on all system. Application
developed on Oracle can be used on virtually any system with little or no more modification.
 Compatibility: - Sql management studio 2008 software is compatible with industry
standards, including most industry standards operating systems. Application developed on
Oracle can be used on virtually any system with little or no modification.  Connectivity: - Sql
management studio 2008 software allows different types of computers & operating system to
share information networks. 7.4 FEASIBILITY STUDY Feasibility study is the process of
determination of whether or not a project is worth doing. Feasibility studies are undertaken
within tight time constraints and normally culminate in a written and oral feasibility report. I
have taken two weeks in feasibility study with my co-developer. The contents and
recommendations of this feasibility study helped us as a sound basis for deciding how to
precede the project. It helped in taking decisions such as which software to use, hardware
combinations, etc. The following is the process diagram for feasibility analysis. In the
diagram, the feasibility analysis starts with the user set of requirements. With this, the
existing system is also observed. The next step is to check for the deficiencies in the existing
system. By evaluating the above points a fresh idea is conceived to define and quantify the
required goals. The user consent is very important for the new plan. Along with, for
implementing the new system, the ability of the organization is also checked. Besides that, a
set of alternatives and their feasibility is also considered in case of any failure in the
proposed System. Thus, feasibility study is an important part in software development.
31. 31. 31 Figure 4:PROCESS DIAGRAM FOR FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS In the SDLC (Systems
Development Life Cycle) of our project we maintained a number of feasibility checkpoints
between the two phases of the SDLC. These checkpoints indicate that the management
decision to be made after a phase is complete. The feasibility checkpoints in our project were
as follows: • Survey phase checkpoint • Study phase checkpoint • Selection phase
checkpoint • Acquisition phase checkpoint • Design phase checkpoint We together started
measuring project feasibility, which lasted two week. During this period we have had
consultation with our guide Mr. Ajay Kumar (project leader of LemonSoftInfosoft) and the
management of the organization. In this course we conducted three tests for Project
feasibility namely, Technical, Economical, and Operational feasibilities. ANALYZE TO FIND
DEFICIENCES FIND BROAD ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION EVALUATE FEASIBILITY OF
ALTERNATES USER STATED REQUIREMENTS DEFICIENCES IN CURRENT SYSTEM
PROPOSED FEASIBILITY ALTERNATIVES REVISION BASED ON FEASIBILITY
ALTERNATIVES CONSTRAINTS ON RESOURCES WORKING CURRENT SYSTEM
USERS CONSESUS DEFINE AND QUANTIFY GOALS
32. 32. 32 7.4.1 Technical Feasibility: - Technical feasibility determines whether the work for the
project can be done with the existing equipment, software technology and available
personnel. Technical feasibility is concerned with specifying equipment and software that will
satisfy the user requirement. This project is feasible on technical remarks also, as the
proposed system is more beneficiary in terms of having a sound proof system with new
technical components installed on the system. The proposed system can run on any
machines supporting Windows and Internet services and works on the best software and
hardware that had been used while designing the system so it would be feasible in all
technical terms of feasibility. Technical Feasibility Addresses Three Major Issues: - Is the
proposed Technology or Solution Practical? The technologies used are matured enough so
that they can be applied to our problems. The practicality of the solution we have developed
is proved with the use of the technologies we have chosen. The technologies such as JAVA
(JSP, Servlet), JavaScript and the compatible H/Ws are so familiar with the today’s
knowledge based industry that anyone can easily be compatible to the proposed
environment. Do we currently posses the necessary technology? We first make sure that
whether the required technologies are available to us or nor. If they are available then we
must ask if we have the capacity. For instance, “Will our current Printer be able to handle the
new reports and forms required of a new system? Do we possess the necessary Technical
Expertise and is the Schedule reasonable? This consideration of technical feasibility is often
forgotten during feasibility analysis. We may have the technology, but that doesn’t mean we
have the skills required to properly apply that technology. As far as our project is concerned
we have the necessary expertise so that the proposed solution can be made feasible.
33. 33. 33 7.4.2 Economical Feasibility: - Economical feasibility determines whether there are
sufficient benefits in creating to make the cost acceptable, or is the cost of the system too
high. As this signifies cost benefit analysis and savings. On the behalf of the cost-benefit
analysis, the proposed system is feasible and is economical regarding its pre-assumed cost
for making a system. During the economical feasibility test we maintained the balance
between the Operational and Economical feasibilities, as the two were the conflicting. For
example the solution that provides the best operational impact for the end-users may also be
the most expensive and, therefore, the least economically feasible. We classified the costs of
Online Counseling according to the phase in which they occur. As we know that the system
development costs are usually one-time costs that will not recur after the project has been
completed. For calculating the Development costs we evaluated certain cost categories viz. •
Personnel costs • Computer usage • Training • Supply and equipments costs • Cost of any
new computer equipments and software. In order to test whether the Proposed System is
cost-effective or not we evaluated it through three techniques viz. • Payback analysis •
Return on Investment: • Net Present value 7.4.3 Operational Feasibility: - Operational
feasibility criteria measure the urgency of the problem (survey and study phases) or the
acceptability of a solution (selection, acquisition and design phases). How do you measure
operational feasibility? There are two aspects of operational feasibility to be considered:
34. 34. 34 (a) Is the problem worth solving or will the solution to the problem work? There are
certain measures, which decide, the effectiveness of the system. These measures can be
collectively called as PIECES. P (Performance): - The sell purchase online provides
adequate throughput an response time. I (Information): - The sell purchase online provides
Student and Staff with tamely, pertinent, accurate, and usefully formatted information. E
(Economy): - The sell purchase online of reduce the cost of the Counseling or Student
reporting (selection). C (Control): - The sell purchase online offer globally controls to protect
against fraud and to guarantee the accuracy and security of the data and information. E
(Efficiency): - The sell purchase online makes maximum use of available resources and
minimum processing delays. S (Services): - The sell purchase online provides desirable and
reliable service to those who need it. The sell purchase online is flexible and expandable. (b)
How do the students and staff feel about the problem (Solution)? It is not only important to
evaluate whether a system can work. We must also evaluate whether a system will work. A
 workable solution might fail because of Students, Staff resistance. In case of our project the
sell purchase online we have examined all the concerns that can further affect its operational
feasibility. The following points will explore those concerns. The sell purchase online has
complete support of the Student/Staff as an online reporting and access the information. The
sell purchase online has made the role of Student easiest one. The Student Staff feel
comfortable and upgraded with this system.
35. 35. 35 7.5 Software Engineering Paradigm Applied: - The development strategy that
encompasses the process, methods, and tools and the generic phases is called Software
Engineering Paradigm. The s/w paradigm for software is chosen based on the nature of the
project and application, the method and tools to be used, and the controls and deliverables
that are required. All software development can be characterized as a problem-solving loops
(fig. 2) in which four distinct stages are encountered: - status quo, problem definition,
technical development, and solution integration. Status quo represents the current state of
affairs, Problem definition identifies the specific problem to be solved, technical development
solves the problem through the application of some technology, and solution integration
delivers the results to those who requested the solution in the first place. There are various
software paradigms, but we used Waterfall model (the linear sequential model), which states
that the phases are organized in a linear order. The Waterfall model suggests a systematic,
sequential approach to s/w development that begins at the system level and progresses
through analysis, design, coding, testing, and maintenance. The sequence of activities
performed in a software development project with the Waterfall model is: system analysis,
system design, coding, testing & integration, installation, and maintenance. For a successful
project resulting in a successful product, all phases listed in the waterfall model must be
performed. Any different ordering of the phases will result in a less successful software
product. There are a number of project outputs in waterfall model that is produced to produce
a successful product: • Requirement documents and project plan • System and detailed
design • Programs (code) • Test plan, test reports and manuals • Installation reports
36. 36. 36 7.5.1Limitations of Waterfall Model: - • The waterfall model assumes that the
requirements of a system can be baseline before the design begins. This is possible for
system designed to automate an existing manual system. For our system, (The sell purchase
online) this is a new system, determining the requirement is difficult, as the user does not
even know the requirements. • Freezing the requirements usually requires choosing the
hardware. • The waterfall model stipulates that the requirements be completely specified
before the rest of the development can proceed. • It is a document driven process that
requires formal documents at the end of each phase. This approach tends to make the
process documentation-heavy and is not suitable for many applications (interactive
applications).
37. 37. 37 CHAPTER 8 SYSTEM DESIGN 8.1. Introduction: - The objective of the system
design is to deliver the requirements as specified in the feasibility report. System design
involves first logical design (logical design) and then physical construction (detailed design)
of the system. The logical design describes the structure and characteristics of features,
such as the outputs, inputs, files, databases, and procedures. The physical construction
produces actual program software, files, and a working system. System design goes through
two phases of development: - 1. Logical Design 2. Physical Design 1. Logical Design:- We
know that a data flow diagram shows the logical flow of a system and defines the boundaries
of the system. Logical design specifies the user need at a level of details that virtually
determine the information flow into and out of the system and the required data resources.
Logical design describes the inputs, outputs, database and procedures .All in a format that
meets the user’s requirements. 2. Physical Design:- It provides the working system by
defining the design specification that tells programmers exactly what that candidate system
must do. In short it can state that physical design is the implementation of the logical design.
Physical system design consists of the following- (a)Design the physical system • Specify
input, output media • Design the database and specify backup procedures. • Design physical
 information flow through the system and a physical design walkthrough. (b)Plan system
implementation
38. 38. 38 8.2 Module Description:- The sell purchase online with the fallowing modules: - (1)
Guest Module (2) Buyer Module (3) Seller Module (4) Admin Module 8.3 Data flow Diagram:
- Figure 5: Data flow Diagram
39. 39. 39 Figure 6: Zero - Level DFD of Guest Module Figure 7: DFD for Admin Module
40. 40. 40 Figure 7:- HERARKI
41. 41. 41 8.5 Database Design: - Usually, a collection of interrelated data is referring to as
database. The database contains information about one particular enterprise. Database
system is designed to shear and manage large volume of information .The management of
data involves both the manipulation of information .In addition ,the database system must
provide for safety information storage in the database ,despite system crashes or
unauthorized access. 8.6 Input-Output Design: -  Input Design: - The input design is a
crucial part of any system errors. Inaccurate input data are the most common cause of the
errors in the processing. Data entry errors can be controlled by input design. Input design is
the process of converting user-oriented inputs to computer –based formats .the goal of
designing input data is to make data entry as easy, logical and free from errors as possible. 
Output Design: - Computer output is the most important and direct source of information to
the users. Efficient intelligible output design should improve the system’s relationship with
the user and help in decision making. A major form of output is a hard copy from the printer.
In the system under consideration, the output is in two forms, hard copy from the printer and
output to the CRT screen in predefined format. CHAPTER 9 Design:- Design patterns are
recurring sequences, built-in .NET patterns are scattered over the framework. In practice,
following standard software patterns will help to achieve more standard code that is
manageable and understandable by a bigger set of software programmers/developers and
architects. Design coding have three patterns…these are…… Creational Patterns Abstract
Factory Creates an instance of several families of classes Builder Separates object
construction from its representation
42. 42. 42 Factory Method Creates an instance of several derived classes Prototype A fully
initialized instance to be copied or cloned Singleton A class of which only a single instance
can exist Table 4: Creational Patterns Structural Patterns Adapter Match interfaces of
different classes Bridge Separates an object’s interface from its implementation Composite A
tree structure of simple and composite objects Decorator Add responsibilities to objects
dynamically Facade A single class that represents an entire subsystem Flyweight A fine-
grained instance used for efficient sharing Proxy An object representing another object Table
5: Structural Patterns Behavioral Patterns Chain of Resp. A way of passing a request
between a chain of objects Command Encapsulate a command request as an object
Interpreter A way to include language elements in a program Iterator Sequentially access the
elements of a collection Mediator Defines simplified communication between classes
Memento Capture and restore an object's internal state Observer A way of notifying change
to a number of classes State Alter an object's behavior when its state changes Strategy
Encapsulates an algorithm inside a class Template Method Defer the exact steps of an
algorithm to a subclass Visitor Defines a new operation to a class without change Table 7:
Behavioral Patterns
43. 43. 43 CHAPTER 10 CODING :-
44. 44. 44 CHAPTER 11 SCREEN SHORT HOME PAGE
45. 45. 45 LOG IN PAGE
46. 46. 46 LOGIN ADMIN
47. 47. 47 ADMIN PROFILE PAGE
48. 48. 48 INFRASTRUCTURE PAGE
49. 49. 49 ADMISSION POLICY
50. 50. 50 ADMISSION PROCIDURE
51. 51. 51 CONTROL LIBRARY
52. 52. 52 VIRTUAL LIBRARY
53. 53. 53 EVENT GALARY FRESHERS PARTY 2014
54. 54. 54 HOSTAL CAPICITY
55. 55. 55 HOSTAL FEES
56. 56. 56 OUR RECRUITER
57. 57. 57 PLACEMENT POLICY
58. 58. 58 TRANSPORTATION
59. 59. 59 SELECTED STUDENT 2014
60. 60. 60 CONTACT US
61. 61. 61 QUERY FORM PAGE
62. 62. 62 CHAPTER 12 TESTING 12.1 System Testing: - Prior to the actual implementation of
the system it had to be tested comprehensively and every possible error uncovered. Since it
is not possible to test the system exhaustively, the black box testing method was used for
system testing. The black box testing usually demonstrates that software functions are
operational; that the input is properly accepted and the output is correctly produced; and that
integrity of external information (databases) is maintained. Table 10.1 outlines the tests that
were performed on the system to ensure correctness and unearth errors which were
subsequently debugged. Testing Phase Objectives Unit Testing The various functions within
each program and the program blocks are tested for proper working. Module Testing A
module is composed of various programs related to that module. Module testing is done to
check the module functionality and interaction between units within a module Integration
Testing Integration testing is done to test the functionality and interfacing between the
modules. Acceptance testing Acceptance testing is done after implementation to check if the
system runs successfully in the customer environment/site. Table 7: Tests Conducted on the
System
63. 63. 63 12.2 Unit Testing: - Unit Testing will be done to test field validations, navigation,
functionality of the programs and its blocks. These tests are applied on various functions
within each program and other critical program blocks. Table 10.2 and 10.3 outline two
sample test cases for Unit Testing performed on the system Test Case Description This test
case deals with the creation of User information. The creation program takes many inputs.
The test should check for proper inputs and verify whether the creation function is called
properly with the correct input parameters. Expected Inputs • Student detail provide by admin
to user Expected Outputs • Provide the student detail to user. Actual Test Results • An alert
window was shown whenever the user gave some erroneous data, such as entering
numbers in the name field, entering characters in numeric fields. • Confirmation of Insertion
of details was displayed on submission to the add function, implying that the function was
called properly. Table 8: Unit Testing – Test Case 1 The .net framework have many system
testing tools, These are….  Configuration tools  Debugging tools  Security tools  General
tools Table 12.3:- Unit Testing – Test Case 2: - Test Case Description This test case deals
with the Withdraw of counseling Student by the java function for that does the Withdraw. The
test will check if the java function receives the Withdraw properly and checks if the Withdraw
is performed correctly. Expected Inputs • Withdraw the best student fromthe web server.
Expected Outputs • The .net function provide the best result to user Actual Test Results •
The function received the Withdraw Student detail properly.
64. 64. 64 The .net framework have many system testing tools, These are…. (1) Configuration
tools (2) Debugging tools (3) Security tools (4) General tools 12.2 Unit Testing: - Unit Testing
will be done to test field validations, navigation, functionality of the programs and its blocks.
These tests are applied on various functions within each program and other critical program
blocks Configuration and Deployment Tools Tool Description ASP.NET Compilation Tool
(Aspnet_compiler.exe) Allows an administrator to precompile an ASP.NET application, either
in place or for deployment. ASP.NET Browser Registration Tool (Aspnet_regbrowsers.exe)
Allows an administrator to create new browser definitions. ASP.NET IIS Registration Tool
(Aspnet_regiis.exe) Allows an administrator or installation program to update the scriptmaps
 for an ASP.NET application to point to the ASP.NET ISAPI version associated with the tool.
You can also use the tool to perform other ASP.NET configuration operations. ASP.NET
SQL Server Registration Tool (Aspnet_regsql.exe) Allows an administrator to create and
manage SQL Server databases used for ASP.NET services such as membership, roles, and
profile properties. Assembly Cache Viewer (Shfusion.dll) Allows you to view and manipulate
the contents of the global assembly cache using Windows Explorer. Assembly Linker
(Al.exe) Generates a file with an assembly manifest from one or more files that are either
resource files or Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) files. Assembly Registration Tool
(Regasm.exe) Reads the metadata within an assembly and adds the necessary entries to
the registry, which allows COM clients to create .NET Framework classes transparently.
Assembly Binding Log Viewer (Fuslogvw.exe) Displays details for failed assembly binds.
This information helps you diagnose why the .NET Framework cannot locate an assembly at
run time.
65. 65. 65 CorFlags Conversion Tool (CorFlags.exe) Allows you to configure the CorFlags
section of the header of a portable executable image. Global Assembly Cache Tool
(Gacutil.exe) Allows you to view and manipulate the contents of the global assembly cache
and download cache. While Shfusion.dll provides similar functionality, you can use
Gacutil.exe from build scripts, makefile files, and batch files. Installer Tool (Installutil.exe)
Allows you to install and uninstall server resources by executing the installer components of
a specified assembly. Isolated Storage Tool (Storeadm.exe) Lists or removes all existing
stores for the currently logged-on user. Native Image Generator (Ngen.exe) Creates a native
image from a managed assembly and installs it in the native image cache on the local
computer. .NET Framework Configuration Tool (Mscorcfg.msc) Provides a graphical
interface for managing .NET Framework security policy and applications that use remoting
services. This tool also allows you to manage and configure assemblies in the global
assembly cache. .NET Services Installation Tool (Regsvcs.exe) Adds managed classes to
Windows 2000 Component Services by loading and registering the assembly and
generating, registering, and installing the type library into an existing COM+ 1.0 application.
XML Serializer Generator Tool (Sgen.exe) Creates an XML serialization assembly for types
in a specified assembly in order to improve the run-time performance of theXmlSerializer.
Soapsuds Tool (Soapsuds.exe) Helps you compile client applications that communicate with
XML Web services using a technique called remoting. Type Library Exporter (Tlbexp.exe)
Generates a type library from a common language runtime assembly. Type Library Importer
(Tlbimp.exe) Converts the type definitions found within a COM type library into equivalent
definitions in managed metadata format.
66. 66. 66 Web Services Description Language Tool (Wsdl.exe) Generates code for XML Web
services and XML Web services clients from Web Services Description Language (WSDL)
contract files, XML Schema Definition (XSD) schema files, and .discomap discovery
documents. Web Services Discovery Tool (Disco.exe) Discovers the URLs of XML Web
services located on a Web server, and saves documents related to each XML Web service
on a local disk. XML Schema Definition Tool (Xsd.exe) Generates XML schemas that follow
the XSD language proposed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). This tool generates
common language runtime classes and DataSet classes from an XSD schema file.
Debugging Tools Tool Description Microsoft CLR Debugger (DbgCLR.exe) Provides
debugging services with a graphical interface to help application developers find and fix bugs
in programs that target the runtime. Runtime Debugger (Cordbg.exe) Provides command-line
debugging services using the common language runtime Debug API. Used to find and fix
bugs in programs that target the runtime. SOS Debugging Extension (SOS.dll) Provides the
debugging services of the common language runtime to Visual Studio or the WinDbg.exe
debugging tool. .NET Framework Command-Line Debugger (MDbg.exe) Provides command-
line debugging services using the common language runtime Debug API.
67. 67. 67 Security Tools Tool Description Certificate Creation Tool (Makecert.exe) Generates
X.509 certificates for testing purposes only. Certificate Manager Tool (Certmgr.exe)
 Manages certificates, certificate trust lists (CTLs), and certificate revocation lists (CRLs).
Certificate Verification Tool (Chktrust.exe) Verifies the validity of a file signed with an X.509
certificate. The Certificate Verification tool only ships with the .NET Framework SDK version
1.0 and 1.1. In later versions, use the Sign Tool (SignTool.exe) utility instead. Code Access
Security Policy Tool (Caspol.exe) Allows you to examine and modify machine, user, and
enterprise- level code access security policies. File Signing Tool (Signcode.exe) Signs a
portable executable (PE) file with an Authenticode digital signature. The File Signing Tool
only ships with the .NET Framework SDK version 1.0 and 1.1. In later versions, use the Sign
Tool (SignTool.exe) utility instead. Permissions View Tool (Permview.exe) Displays the
minimal, optional, and refused permission sets requested by an assembly. You can also use
this tool to view all declarative security used by an assembly. PEVerify Tool (PEverify.exe)
Performs MSIL type safety verification checks and metadata validation checks on a specified
assembly. Policy Migration Tool (Migpole.exe) Migrates security policy between two
compatible versions of the .NET Framework. Secutil Tool (Secutil.exe) Extracts strong name
public key information or Authenticode publisher certificates from an assembly, in a format
that can be incorporated into code.
68. 68. 68 Set Registry Tool (Setreg.exe) Allows you to change the registry settings for the
Software Publishing State keys, which control the behavior of the certificate verification
process. The Set Registry tool only ships with the .NET Framework SDK version 1.0 and 1.1.
In later versions, use the Sign Tool (SignTool.exe)utility instead. Sign Tool (SignTool.exe)
Digitally signs files, verifies signatures in files, and time stamps files. Software Publisher
Certificate Test Tool (Cert2spc.exe) Creates, for test purposes only, a Software Publisher's
Certificate (SPC) from one or more X.509 certificates. Strong Name Tool (Sn.exe) Helps
create assemblies with strong names. Sn.exe provides options for key management,
signature generation, and signature verification. General Tools Tool Description License
Compiler (Lc.exe) Reads text files that contain licensing information and produces a
.licenses file that can be embedded in a common language runtime executable.
Management Strongly Typed Class Generator (Mgmtclassgen.exe) Allows you to quickly
generate an early-bound class in C#, Visual Basic, or JScript for a specified Windows
Management Instrumentation (WMI) class. MSIL Assembler (Ilasm.exe) Generates a PE file
from Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL). You can run the resulting executable, which
contains MSIL code and the required metadata, to determine whether the MSIL code
performs as expected. MSIL Disassembler (Ildasm.exe) Takes a PE file that contains MSIL
code and creates a text file suitable as input to the MSIL Assembler (Ilasm.exe).
69. 69. 69 Resource File Generator Tool (Resgen.exe) Converts text files and .resx (XML-based
resource format) files to .NET common language runtime binary .resources files that can be
embedded in a runtime binary executable or compiled into satellite assemblies. Windows
Forms ActiveX Control Importer (Aximp.exe) Converts type definitions in a COM type library
for an ActiveX control into a Windows Forms control. Windows Forms Class Viewer
(Wincv.exe) Finds managed classes matching a specified search pattern, and displays
information about those classes using the Reflection API. The Windows Forms Class Viewer
only ships with the .NET Framework SDK version 1.0 and 1.1. Windows Forms Resource
Editor (Winres.exe) Allows you to quickly and easily localize Windows Forms forms.
70. 70. 70 CHAPTER 13 IMPLEMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE 13.1 Implementation:-
Implementation uses the design document to produce code. Demonstration that the program
satisfies its specifications validates the code. Typically, sample runs of the program
demonstrating the behavior for expected data values and boundary values are required.
Small programs are written using the model: - Write/Compile/ Test It may take several
iterations of the model to produce a working program. As programs get more complicated,
testing and debugging alone may not be enough to produce reliable code. Instead, we have
to write programs in a manner that will help insure that errors are caught or avoided. Top-
Down Implementation: - Top down implementation begins with the user-invoked student and
works toward the modules that do not call any other student. The implementation may
 student depth-first or breadth-first. Bottom-Up Implementation: - Implementation begins with
student that do not call any other student and works toward the main program. Test harness
is used to test individual student. The main student constitutes the final test harness. Stub
Programming: - Stub programming is the implementation analogue of top-down and stepwise
refinement. It supports incremental program development by allowing for error and
improvement. A stub program is a stripped-down, skeleton version of a final program. It
doesn't implement details of the algorithm or fulfill all the job requirements. However, it does
contain rough versions of all subprograms and their parameter lists. Furthermore, it can be
compiled and run. Extensive use of procedures and parameter are the difference between
stub programs and prototypes. Quick and dirty prototypes should be improved--they should
be rewritten. A stub program helps demonstrates that a program's structure is plausible. Its
procedures and functions are unsophisticated versions of their final forms, but they allow
limited use of the entire program. In particular, it may work for a limited data set. The
comment brackets can be moved, call-by-call, as the underlying procedures are actually
written.
71. 71. 71 Incremental Program Development: As program become more complex, changes
have a tendency to introduce unexpected effects. Incremental programming tries to isolate
the effects of changes. We add new features in preference to adding new functions, and add
new function rather than writing new programs. The program implementation model
becomes:  Define types/compile/fix;  Add load and dump functions/compile/test;  Add first
processing function/compile/test/fix;  Add features/compile/test/fix;  Add second processing
function/compile/test/fix;  Keep adding features/and compiling/and testing/ and fixing. 13.2
Maintenance: - Once the software is delivered and deployed, then maintenance phase starts.
Software requires maintenance because there are some residual errors remaining in the
system that must be removed as they discovered. Maintenance involves understanding the
existing software (code and related documents), understanding the effect of change, making
the changes, testing the new changes, and retesting the old parts that were not changed.
The complexity of the maintenance task makes maintenance the most costly activity in the
life of software product. It is believed that almost all software that is developed has residual
errors, or bugs, in them. These errors need to be removed when discovered that leads to the
software change. This is called Corrective Maintenance. Corrective maintenance means
repairing, processing or performance failures or making alterations because of previously ill-
defined problems. Software undergoes change frequently even without bugs because the
software must be upgraded and enhanced to include more features and provide more
services. This also requires modification of the software. The changed software changes the
environment, which in turn requires further change. This phenomenon is called the “law of
software evaluation”. Maintenance due to this phenomenon is called adaptive maintenance.
Adaptive maintenance means changing the program function. Perfect maintenance means
enhancing the performance or modifying the programs according to the user’s additional or
changing needs. The keys to reduce the need for maintenance are:
72. 72. 72  More accurately defining the user’s requirement during system development. 
Preparation of system documentation in a better way.  Using more effective ways for
designing processing logic and communicating it to project team members.  Making better
use of existing tools and techniques.  Managing the system engineering process effectively.
13.3 COST ESTIMATION OF THE PROJECT: - The objective of the cost estimation is to
enable the client or developer to perform a cost-benefit analysis and for project monitoring
and control. The accuracy of the estimate depends on the amount of reliable information
about the final product. When the product is delivered, the cost can be accurately
determined, as all the data about the project and the resource spent can be fully known by
then. Cost Of Correcting Errors: - According to the established S/W Engineering standard of
estimating the cost of correcting errors the phase wise distribution of occurrences of errors is
as given below: - Requirement Analysis 20% Design 30% Coding 50% The cost of correcting
errors of different phases is not the same and depends on when the error is detected and
 corrected. One can perform cost estimation at any point in the software life cycle. As the cost
of the project depends on the nature and characteristics of the project, at any point, the
accuracy of the estimate will depend on the amount of reliable information we have about the
final product. The figure depicted below shows the accuracy of the cost estimation. On Size
estimation of Schedule and Cost of the Project: this approach implies that size is the primary
factor for cost; other factors have lesser effect. Here we will discuss one such model called
the Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) developed by Boehm. This model also estimates
the total effort in terms of person-months of the technical project staff. The basic steps of this
model are as follows: -
73. 73. 73  Obtain the initial estimate of the development effort from the estimate of thousands
of delivered lines of source code (KDLOC).  Determine a set of multiplying factors from
different attributes of the project.  Adjust the effort estimate by multiplying the initial estimate
with all the multiplying factors. The initial estimate also called nominal estimate is determined
by an equation of the form used in the static single-variable models, using KDLOC as the
measure of size. To determine the initial effort Ei in person-months the equation used is of
the type Ei = a*(KDLOC)b In COCOMO model the values of constants a and b are different
with different type of projects. As our project is Organic type the values of a and b are 3.2
and 1.05 respectively. The total thousand delivered code (KDLOC) of our system has been
estimated as around 2. In order to determine the multiplying factors commonly known as cost
driver attributes we have taken rating of these attributes according to our requirements. From
these, the effort adjustment factor (EAF) of our project has been estimated as 1.16. Now the
final efforts estimate, E, of our project is obtained by multiplying the initial estimate by the
EAF. i.e., E = EAF*Ei The project duration is estimated for an Organic project by the formula
D = 2.5 * E0.38 and according to this formula I have estimated the project duration 6 months.
74. 74. 74 CHAPTER 14 CONCLUSION This was the first considerably large and important
project undertaken by me during my MCA course. It was an experience that changed the
way I perceived project development. The coding could not be started before the whole
system was completely finalized. Even then there were so many changes required and the
coding needed to be changed. I attribute this to inadequate information gathering from the
user. Though there were many meetings with the user and most of the requirements were
gathered, a few misinterpretations of the requirements still crept in. It made me realize how
important the systems analysis phase is. The project is a classic example for the adage that
learning of concepts needs to be supplemented with application of that knowledge. On the
whole it was a wonderful experience developing this project and I would have considered my
education incomplete without undertaking such a project which allowed me to apply all that I
have learnt.
75. 75. 75 CHAPTER 15 BIBLIOGRAPHY Books Referred  “Visual Studio Complete Reference
6.0” Noel Jecke  “Programming in Visual Basic “Julie Case Bradley  “Visual Basic 6.0”
Wright Brothers  “Programming book of ASP.NET 2.5 with C#”  “Professional Book of
ASP.NET 3.5 with C#”